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<h1 class="settitle" align="center">GNAT Reference Manual</h1>














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<a name="GNAT-Reference-Manual"></a>
<h1 class="top">GNAT Reference Manual</h1>

<p>GNAT Reference Manual
</p>
<p>GNAT, The GNU Ada Compiler<br>
GCC version 4.8.2<br>
</p>
<p>AdaCore
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#About-This-Guide" accesskey="1">About This Guide</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="2">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="3">Implementation Defined Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions" accesskey="4">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implementation-Advice" accesskey="5">Implementation Advice</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Characteristics" accesskey="6">Implementation Defined Characteristics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="7">Intrinsic Subprograms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="8">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Standard-Library-Routines" accesskey="9">Standard Library Routines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#The-GNAT-Library">The GNAT Library</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages">Interfacing to Other Languages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Specialized-Needs-Annexes">Specialized Needs Annexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Obsolescent-Features">Obsolescent Features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index">Index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
 &mdash; The Detailed Node Listing &mdash;

About This Guide

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains">What This Reference Manual Contains</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Related-Information">Related Information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Implementation Defined Pragmas

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer">Pragma Abort_Defer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f83">Pragma Ada_83</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f95">Pragma Ada_95</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f05">Pragma Ada_05</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2005">Pragma Ada_2005</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f12">Pragma Ada_12</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2012">Pragma Ada_2012</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Annotate">Pragma Annotate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Assert">Pragma Assert</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy">Pragma Assertion_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition">Pragma Attribute_Definition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry">Pragma Ast_Entry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check">Pragma Check</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName">Pragma Check_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Comment">Pragma Comment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Common_005fObject">Pragma Common_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit">Pragma Compiler_Unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complete_Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complex_Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase">Pragma Contract_Case</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass">Pragma CPP_Class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPU">Pragma CPU</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Debug">Pragma Debug</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy">Pragma Debug_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking">Pragma Detect_Blocking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Eliminate">Pragma Eliminate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fException">Pragma Export_Exception</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fObject">Pragma Export_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValue">Pragma Export_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem">Pragma Extend_System</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-External">Pragma External</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Fast_005fMath">Pragma Fast_Math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation">Pragma Float_Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ident">Pragma Ident</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined">Pragma Implementation_Defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Implemented">Pragma Implemented</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fException">Pragma Import_Exception</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction">Pragma Import_Function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fObject">Pragma Import_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Independent">Pragma Independent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Independent_005fComponents">Pragma Independent_Components</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fAlways">Pragma Inline_Always</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric">Pragma Inline_Generic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interface">Pragma Interface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interface_005fName">Pragma Interface_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fState">Pragma Interrupt_State</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Invariant">Pragma Invariant</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Keep_005fNames">Pragma Keep_Names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-License">Pragma License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Link_005fWith">Pragma Link_With</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fAlias">Pragma Linker_Alias</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor">Pragma Linker_Constructor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor">Pragma Linker_Destructor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fSection">Pragma Linker_Section</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat">Pragma Long_Float</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize">Pragma Loop_Optimize</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute">Pragma Machine_Attribute</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Main">Pragma Main</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage">Pragma Main_Storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fBody">Pragma No_Body</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fInline">Pragma No_Inline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fReturn">Pragma No_Return</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing </a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Obsolescent">Pragma Obsolescent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ordered">Pragma Ordered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Passive">Pragma Passive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS">Pragma Persistent_BSS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Polling">Pragma Polling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Postcondition">Pragma Postcondition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Precondition">Pragma Precondition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029">Pragma Profile (Rational)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Psect_005fObject">Pragma Psect_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction">Pragma Pure_Function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline">Pragma Relative_Deadline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Shared">Pragma Shared</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors">Pragma Short_Descriptors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName">Pragma Source_File_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fReference">Pragma Source_Reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Stream_005fConvert">Pragma Stream_Convert</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Style_005fChecks">Pragma Style_Checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Subtitle">Pragma Subtitle</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress">Pragma Suppress</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fAll">Pragma Suppress_All</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fInfo">Pragma Task_Info</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fName">Pragma Task_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fStorage">Pragma Task_Storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase">Pragma Test_Case</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice">Pragma Time_Slice</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Title">Pragma Title</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing">Pragma Universal_Aliasing </a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fData">Pragma Universal_Data</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unmodified">Pragma Unmodified</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced">Pragma Unreferenced</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unsuppress">Pragma Unsuppress</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Validity_005fChecks">Pragma Validity_Checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Volatile">Pragma Volatile</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Warnings">Pragma Warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Weak_005fExternal">Pragma Weak_External</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Implementation Defined Attributes

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Abort_005fSignal">Abort_Signal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Address_005fSize">Address_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Asm_005fInput">Asm_Input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Asm_005fOutput">Asm_Output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#AST_005fEntry">AST_Entry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bit">Bit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bit_005fPosition">Bit_Position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Compiler_005fVersion">Compiler_Version</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Code_005fAddress">Code_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder">Default_Bit_Order</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Descriptor_005fSize">Descriptor_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elaborated">Elaborated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elab_005fBody">Elab_Body</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elab_005fSpec">Elab_Spec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elab_005fSubp_005fBody">Elab_Subp_Body</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Emax">Emax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enabled">Enabled</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enum_005fRep">Enum_Rep</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enum_005fVal">Enum_Val</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Epsilon">Epsilon</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fixed_005fValue">Fixed_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues">Has_Access_Values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Has_005fDiscriminants">Has_Discriminants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Img">Img</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Integer_005fValue">Integer_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Invalid_005fValue">Invalid_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Large">Large</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Machine_005fSize">Machine_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mantissa">Mantissa</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fPriority">Max_Priority</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment">Maximum_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Null_005fParameter">Null_Parameter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Object_005fSize">Object_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference">Passed_By_Reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pool_005fAddress">Pool_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Range_005fLength">Range_Length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Result">Result</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Safe_005fEmax">Safe_Emax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Safe_005fLarge">Safe_Large</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder">Scalar_Storage_Order</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool">Simple_Storage_Pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Small">Small</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Storage_005fUnit">Storage_Unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Stub_005fType">Stub_Type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment">System_Allocator_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Target_005fName">Target_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Tick">Tick</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#To_005fAddress">To_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Type_005fClass">Type_Class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#UET_005fAddress">UET_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Unconstrained_005fArray">Unconstrained_Array</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString">Universal_Literal_String</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess">Unrestricted_Access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Valid_005fScalars">Valid_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#VADS_005fSize">VADS_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Value_005fSize">Value_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wchar_005fT_005fSize">Wchar_T_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Word_005fSize">Word_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Partition-Wide Restrictions

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Immediate_005fReclamation">Immediate_Reclamation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fProtected_005fEntries">Max_Protected_Entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives">Max_Select_Alternatives</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fTask_005fEntries">Max_Task_Entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fTasks">Max_Tasks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAbort_005fStatements">No_Abort_Statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms">No_Access_Subprograms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAllocators">No_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators">No_Anonymous_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fCalendar">No_Calendar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fCoextensions">No_Coextensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDefault_005fInitialization">No_Default_Initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDelay">No_Delay</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDependence">No_Dependence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDispatch">No_Dispatch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDispatching_005fCalls">No_Dispatching_Calls</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment">No_Dynamic_Attachment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities">No_Dynamic_Priorities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps">No_Enumeration_Maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fException_005fHandlers">No_Exception_Handlers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fException_005fPropagation">No_Exception_Propagation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fException_005fRegistration">No_Exception_Registration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fExceptions">No_Exceptions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fFinalization">No_Finalization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fFixed_005fPoint">No_Fixed_Point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fFloating_005fPoint">No_Floating_Point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals">No_Implicit_Conditionals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fLoops">No_Implicit_Loops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fInitialize_005fScalars">No_Initialize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fIO">No_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fAllocators">No_Local_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects">No_Local_Protected_Objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents">No_Local_Timing_Events</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fNested_005fFinalization">No_Nested_Finalization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fTypes">No_Protected_Types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fRecursion">No_Recursion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fReentrancy">No_Reentrancy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fRelative_005fDelay">No_Relative_Delay</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fRequeue_005fStatements">No_Requeue_Statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSecondary_005fStack">No_Secondary_Stack</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSelect_005fStatements">No_Select_Statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect">No_Specification_of_Aspect</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStream_005fOptimizations">No_Stream_Optimizations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStreams">No_Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAllocators">No_Task_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage">No_Task_Attributes_Package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fHierarchy">No_Task_Hierarchy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fTermination">No_Task_Termination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTasking">No_Tasking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives">No_Terminate_Alternatives</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess">No_Unchecked_Access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Simple_005fBarriers">Simple_Barriers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Static_005fPriorities">Static_Priorities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Static_005fStorage_005fSize">Static_Storage_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Program Unit Level Restrictions

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Elaboration_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fQueue">No_Entry_Queue</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes">No_Implementation_Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers">No_Implementation_Identifiers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas">No_Implementation_Pragmas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions">No_Implementation_Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fUnits">No_Implementation_Units</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing">No_Implicit_Aliasing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures">No_Obsolescent_Features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fWide_005fCharacters">No_Wide_Characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SPARK">SPARK</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
The Implementation of Standard I/O

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Standard-I_002fO-Packages">Standard I/O Packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FORM-Strings">FORM Strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Direct_005fIO">Direct_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Sequential_005fIO">Sequential_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO">Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO">Wide_Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO">Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Stream_005fIO">Stream_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text-Translation">Text Translation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Shared-Files">Shared Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Filenames-encoding">Filenames encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Open-Modes">Open Modes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Operations-on-C-Streams">Operations on C Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-C-Streams">Interfacing to C Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
The GNAT Library

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (a-cfdlli.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps (a-cfhama.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets (a-cfhase.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps (a-cforma.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets (a-cforse.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors (a-cofove.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029">Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029">GNAT.Expect (g-expect.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029">GNAT.Expect.TTY (g-exptty.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029">GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029">GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029">GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029">GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029">GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029">GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029">GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029">GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029">GNAT.SSE (g-sse.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types (g-ssvety.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029">GNAT.Strings (g-string.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Extensions (i-cexten.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029">System.Memory (s-memory.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029">System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029">System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029">System.Rident (s-rident.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029">System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Con (s-wchcon.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Text_IO

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning">Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files">Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Get_005fImmediate">Get_Immediate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams">Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Extensions">Text_IO Extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings">Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Wide_Text_IO

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning">Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files">Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Wide_Wide_Text_IO

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Interfacing to Other Languages

</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-C">Interfacing to C</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing to C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-COBOL">Interfacing to COBOL</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-Fortran">Interfacing to Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code">Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Specialized Needs Annexes

Implementation of Specific Ada Features
</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions">Machine Code Insertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking">GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants">The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual">Strict Conformance to the Ada Reference Manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Implementation of Ada 2012 Features

Obsolescent Features

GNU Free Documentation License

Index
</pre></th></tr></table>


<hr>
<a name="About-This-Guide"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="About-This-Guide-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">About This Guide</h2>

<p>This manual contains useful information in writing programs using the
GNAT compiler.  It includes information on implementation dependent
characteristics of GNAT, including all the information required by
Annex M of the Ada language standard.
</p>
<p>GNAT implements Ada 95 and Ada 2005, and it may also be invoked in
Ada 83 compatibility mode.
By default, GNAT assumes Ada 2005,
but you can override with a compiler switch
to explicitly specify the language version.
(Please refer to <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Compiling-Different-Versions-of-Ada">Compiling Different Versions of Ada</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>, for details on these switches.)
Throughout this manual, references to &ldquo;Ada&rdquo; without a year suffix
apply to both the Ada 95 and Ada 2005 versions of the language.
</p>
<p>Ada is designed to be highly portable.
In general, a program will have the same effect even when compiled by
different compilers on different platforms.
However, since Ada is designed to be used in a
wide variety of applications, it also contains a number of system
dependent features to be used in interfacing to the external world.
<a name="index-Implementation_002ddependent-features"></a>
<a name="index-Portability"></a>
</p>
<p>Note: Any program that makes use of implementation-dependent features
may be non-portable.  You should follow good programming practice and
isolate and clearly document any sections of your program that make use
of these features in a non-portable manner.
</p>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains" accesskey="1">What This Reference Manual Contains</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Conventions" accesskey="2">Conventions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Related-Information" accesskey="3">Related Information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Conventions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Conventions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Index</a>, Up: <a href="#About-This-Guide" accesskey="u" rel="up">About This Guide</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">What This Reference Manual Contains</h3>

<p>This reference manual contains the following chapters:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>, lists GNAT implementation-dependent
pragmas, which can be used to extend and enhance the functionality of the
compiler.

</li><li> <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes">Implementation Defined Attributes</a>, lists GNAT
implementation-dependent attributes, which can be used to extend and
enhance the functionality of the compiler.

</li><li> <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a>, lists GNAT
implementation-dependent restrictions, which can be used to extend and
enhance the functionality of the compiler.

</li><li> <a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a>, provides information on generally
desirable behavior which are not requirements that all compilers must
follow since it cannot be provided on all systems, or which may be
undesirable on some systems.

</li><li> <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Characteristics">Implementation Defined Characteristics</a>, provides a guide to
minimizing implementation dependent features.

</li><li> <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms">Intrinsic Subprograms</a>, describes the intrinsic subprograms
implemented by GNAT, and how they can be imported into user
application programs.

</li><li> <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a>, describes in detail the
way that GNAT represents data, and in particular the exact set
of representation clauses and pragmas that is accepted.

</li><li> <a href="#Standard-Library-Routines">Standard Library Routines</a>, provides a listing of packages and a
brief description of the functionality that is provided by Ada&rsquo;s
extensive set of standard library routines as implemented by GNAT.

</li><li> <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a>, details how the GNAT
implementation of the input-output facilities.

</li><li> <a href="#The-GNAT-Library">The GNAT Library</a>, is a catalog of packages that complement
the Ada predefined library.

</li><li> <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages">Interfacing to Other Languages</a>, describes how programs
written in Ada using GNAT can be interfaced to other programming
languages.

<p><a href="#Specialized-Needs-Annexes">Specialized Needs Annexes</a>, describes the GNAT implementation of all
of the specialized needs annexes.
</p>
</li><li> <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a>, discusses issues related
to GNAT&rsquo;s implementation of machine code insertions, tasking, and several
other features.

</li><li> <a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a>, describes the status of the
GNAT implementation of the Ada 2012 language standard.

</li><li> <a href="#Obsolescent-Features">Obsolescent Features</a> documents implementation dependent features,
including pragmas and attributes, which are considered obsolescent, since
there are other preferred ways of achieving the same results. These
obsolescent forms are retained for backwards compatibility.

</li></ul>

<a name="index-Ada-95-Language-Reference-Manual"></a>
<a name="index-Ada-2005-Language-Reference-Manual"></a>
<p>This reference manual assumes a basic familiarity with the Ada 95 language, as
described in the International Standard ANSI/ISO/IEC-8652:1995,
January 1995.
It does not require knowledge of the new features introduced by Ada 2005,
(officially known as ISO/IEC 8652:1995 with Technical Corrigendum 1
and Amendment 1).
Both reference manuals are included in the GNAT documentation
package.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Conventions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Related-Information" accesskey="n" rel="next">Related Information</a>, Previous: <a href="#What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains" accesskey="p" rel="prev">What This Reference Manual Contains</a>, Up: <a href="#About-This-Guide" accesskey="u" rel="up">About This Guide</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Conventions-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Conventions</h3>
<a name="index-Conventions_002c-typographical"></a>
<a name="index-Typographical-conventions"></a>

<p>Following are examples of the typographical and graphic conventions used
in this guide:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>Functions</code>, <code>utility program names</code>, <code>standard names</code>,
and <code>classes</code>.

</li><li> <code>Option flags</code>

</li><li> <samp>File names</samp>, &lsquo;<samp>button names</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp>field names</samp>&rsquo;.

</li><li> <code>Variables</code>, <code>environment variables</code>, and <var>metasyntactic
variables</var>.

</li><li> <em>Emphasis</em>.

</li><li> [optional information or parameters]

</li><li> Examples are described by text
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">and then shown this way.
</pre></div>
</li></ul>

<p>Commands that are entered by the user are preceded in this manual by the
characters &lsquo;<samp>$ </samp>&rsquo; (dollar sign followed by space).  If your system uses this
sequence as a prompt, then the commands will appear exactly as you see them
in the manual.  If your system uses some other prompt, then the command will
appear with the &lsquo;<samp>$</samp>&rsquo; replaced by whatever prompt character you are using.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Related-Information"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Abort_Defer</a>, Previous: <a href="#Conventions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Conventions</a>, Up: <a href="#About-This-Guide" accesskey="u" rel="up">About This Guide</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Related-Information-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Related Information</h3>
<p>See the following documents for further information on GNAT:
</p>
<ul>
<li> See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Top">About This Guide</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>, which provides information on how to use the
GNAT compiler system.

</li><li> <cite>Ada 95 Reference Manual</cite>, which contains all reference
material for the Ada 95 programming language.

</li><li> <cite>Ada 95 Annotated Reference Manual</cite>, which is an annotated version
of the Ada 95 standard.  The annotations describe
detailed aspects of the design decision, and in particular contain useful
sections on Ada 83 compatibility.

</li><li> <cite>Ada 2005 Reference Manual</cite>, which contains all reference
material for the Ada 2005 programming language.

</li><li> <cite>Ada 2005 Annotated Reference Manual</cite>, which is an annotated version
of the Ada 2005 standard.  The annotations describe
detailed aspects of the design decision, and in particular contain useful
sections on Ada 83 and Ada 95 compatibility.

</li><li> <cite>DEC Ada, Technical Overview and Comparison on DIGITAL Platforms</cite>,
which contains specific information on compatibility between GNAT and
DEC Ada 83 systems.

</li><li> <cite>DEC Ada, Language Reference Manual, part number AA-PYZAB-TK</cite> which
describes in detail the pragmas and attributes provided by the DEC Ada 83
compiler system.

</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Implementation-Defined-Pragmas"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implementation Defined Attributes</a>, Previous: <a href="#About-This-Guide" accesskey="p" rel="prev">About This Guide</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implementation-Defined-Pragmas-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Implementation Defined Pragmas</h2>

<p>Ada defines a set of pragmas that can be used to supply additional
information to the compiler.  These language defined pragmas are
implemented in GNAT and work as described in the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<p>In addition, Ada allows implementations to define additional pragmas
whose meaning is defined by the implementation.  GNAT provides a number
of these implementation-defined pragmas, which can be used to extend
and enhance the functionality of the compiler.  This section of the GNAT
Reference Manual describes these additional pragmas.
</p>
<p>Note that any program using these pragmas might not be portable to other
compilers (although GNAT implements this set of pragmas on all
platforms).  Therefore if portability to other compilers is an important
consideration, the use of these pragmas should be minimized.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer" accesskey="1">Pragma Abort_Defer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f83" accesskey="2">Pragma Ada_83</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f95" accesskey="3">Pragma Ada_95</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f05" accesskey="4">Pragma Ada_05</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2005" accesskey="5">Pragma Ada_2005</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f12" accesskey="6">Pragma Ada_12</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2012" accesskey="7">Pragma Ada_2012</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Annotate" accesskey="8">Pragma Annotate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Assert" accesskey="9">Pragma Assert</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy">Pragma Assertion_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition">Pragma Attribute_Definition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry">Pragma Ast_Entry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check">Pragma Check</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName">Pragma Check_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Comment">Pragma Comment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Common_005fObject">Pragma Common_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit">Pragma Compiler_Unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complete_Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complex_Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase">Pragma Contract_Case</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass">Pragma CPP_Class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-CPU">Pragma CPU</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Debug">Pragma Debug</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy">Pragma Debug_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking">Pragma Detect_Blocking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Eliminate">Pragma Eliminate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fException">Pragma Export_Exception</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fObject">Pragma Export_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValue">Pragma Export_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem">Pragma Extend_System</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-External">Pragma External</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Fast_005fMath">Pragma Fast_Math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation">Pragma Float_Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ident">Pragma Ident</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined">Pragma Implementation_Defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Implemented">Pragma Implemented</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fException">Pragma Import_Exception</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction">Pragma Import_Function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fObject">Pragma Import_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Independent">Pragma Independent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Independent_005fComponents">Pragma Independent_Components</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fAlways">Pragma Inline_Always</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric">Pragma Inline_Generic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interface">Pragma Interface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interface_005fName">Pragma Interface_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fState">Pragma Interrupt_State</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Invariant">Pragma Invariant</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Keep_005fNames">Pragma Keep_Names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-License">Pragma License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Link_005fWith">Pragma Link_With</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fAlias">Pragma Linker_Alias</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor">Pragma Linker_Constructor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor">Pragma Linker_Destructor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fSection">Pragma Linker_Section</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat">Pragma Long_Float</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize">Pragma Loop_Optimize</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute">Pragma Machine_Attribute</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Main">Pragma Main</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage">Pragma Main_Storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fBody">Pragma No_Body</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fInline">Pragma No_Inline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fReturn">Pragma No_Return</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Obsolescent">Pragma Obsolescent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Ordered">Pragma Ordered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Passive">Pragma Passive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS">Pragma Persistent_BSS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Polling">Pragma Polling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Postcondition">Pragma Postcondition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Precondition">Pragma Precondition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029">Pragma Profile (Rational)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Psect_005fObject">Pragma Psect_Object</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction">Pragma Pure_Function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline">Pragma Relative_Deadline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Shared">Pragma Shared</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors">Pragma Short_Descriptors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName">Pragma Source_File_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fReference">Pragma Source_Reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Stream_005fConvert">Pragma Stream_Convert</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Style_005fChecks">Pragma Style_Checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Subtitle">Pragma Subtitle</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress">Pragma Suppress</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fAll">Pragma Suppress_All</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fInfo">Pragma Task_Info</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fName">Pragma Task_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fStorage">Pragma Task_Storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase">Pragma Test_Case</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice">Pragma Time_Slice</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Title">Pragma Title</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing">Pragma Universal_Aliasing </a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fData">Pragma Universal_Data</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unmodified">Pragma Unmodified</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced">Pragma Unreferenced</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Unsuppress">Pragma Unsuppress</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Validity_005fChecks">Pragma Validity_Checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Volatile">Pragma Volatile</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Warnings">Pragma Warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Weak_005fExternal">Pragma Weak_External</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Abort_005fDefer"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f83" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ada_83</a>, Previous: <a href="#Related-Information" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Related Information</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Abort_005fDefer-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Abort_Defer</h3>
<a name="index-Abort_005fDefer"></a>
<a name="index-Deferring-aborts"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Abort_Defer;
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma must appear at the start of the statement sequence of a
handled sequence of statements (right after the <code>begin</code>).  It has
the effect of deferring aborts for the sequence of statements (but not
for the declarations or handlers, if any, associated with this statement
sequence).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f83"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f95" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ada_95</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Abort_Defer</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f83-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ada_83</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_005f83"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ada_83;
</pre></div>

<p>A configuration pragma that establishes Ada 83 mode for the unit to
which it applies, regardless of the mode set by the command line
switches.  In Ada 83 mode, GNAT attempts to be as compatible with
the syntax and semantics of Ada 83, as defined in the original Ada
83 Reference Manual as possible.  In particular, the keywords added by Ada 95
and Ada 2005 are not recognized, optional package bodies are allowed,
and generics may name types with unknown discriminants without using
the <code>(&lt;&gt;)</code> notation.  In addition, some but not all of the additional
restrictions of Ada 83 are enforced.
</p>
<p>Ada 83 mode is intended for two purposes.  Firstly, it allows existing
Ada 83 code to be compiled and adapted to GNAT with less effort.
Secondly, it aids in keeping code backwards compatible with Ada 83.
However, there is no guarantee that code that is processed correctly
by GNAT in Ada 83 mode will in fact compile and execute with an Ada
83 compiler, since GNAT does not enforce all the additional checks
required by Ada 83.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f95"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f05" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ada_05</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f83" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ada_83</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f95-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ada_95</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_005f95"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ada_95;
</pre></div>

<p>A configuration pragma that establishes Ada 95 mode for the unit to which
it applies, regardless of the mode set by the command line switches.
This mode is set automatically for the <code>Ada</code> and <code>System</code>
packages and their children, so you need not specify it in these
contexts.  This pragma is useful when writing a reusable component that
itself uses Ada 95 features, but which is intended to be usable from
either Ada 83 or Ada 95 programs.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f05"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2005" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ada_2005</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f95" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ada_95</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f05-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ada_05</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_005f05"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ada_05;
</pre></div>

<p>A configuration pragma that establishes Ada 2005 mode for the unit to which
it applies, regardless of the mode set by the command line switches.
This pragma is useful when writing a reusable component that
itself uses Ada 2005 features, but which is intended to be usable from
either Ada 83 or Ada 95 programs.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f2005"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f12" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ada_12</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f05" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ada_05</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f2005-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ada_2005</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_005f2005"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ada_2005;
</pre></div>

<p>This configuration pragma is a synonym for pragma Ada_05 and has the
same syntax and effect.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f12"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2012" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ada_2012</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2005" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ada_2005</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f12-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ada_12</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_005f12"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ada_12;
</pre></div>

<p>A configuration pragma that establishes Ada 2012 mode for the unit to which
it applies, regardless of the mode set by the command line switches.
This mode is set automatically for the <code>Ada</code> and <code>System</code>
packages and their children, so you need not specify it in these
contexts.  This pragma is useful when writing a reusable component that
itself uses Ada 2012 features, but which is intended to be usable from
Ada 83, Ada 95, or Ada 2005 programs.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f2012"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Annotate" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Annotate</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f12" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ada_12</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ada_005f2012-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ada_2012</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_005f2005-1"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ada_2012;
</pre></div>

<p>This configuration pragma is a synonym for pragma Ada_12 and has the
same syntax and effect.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Annotate"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Assert" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Assert</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2012" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ada_2012</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Annotate-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Annotate</h3>
<a name="index-Annotate"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Annotate (IDENTIFIER [,IDENTIFIER {, ARG}]);

ARG ::= NAME | EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used to annotate programs.  <var>identifier</var> identifies
the type of annotation.  GNAT verifies that it is an identifier, but does
not otherwise analyze it. The second optional identifier is also left
unanalyzed, and by convention is used to control the action of the tool to
which the annotation is addressed.  The remaining <var>arg</var> arguments
can be either string literals or more generally expressions.
String literals are assumed to be either of type
<code>Standard.String</code> or else <code>Wide_String</code> or <code>Wide_Wide_String</code>
depending on the character literals they contain.
All other kinds of arguments are analyzed as expressions, and must be
unambiguous.
</p>
<p>The analyzed pragma is retained in the tree, but not otherwise processed
by any part of the GNAT compiler, except to generate corresponding note
lines in the generated ALI file. For the format of these note lines, see
the compiler source file lib-writ.ads. This pragma is intended for use by
external tools, including ASIS. The use of pragma Annotate does not
affect the compilation process in any way. This pragma may be used as
a configuration pragma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Assert"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Assertion_Policy</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Annotate" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Annotate</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Assert-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Assert</h3>
<a name="index-Assert"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Assert (
  boolean_EXPRESSION
  [, string_EXPRESSION]);
</pre></div>

<p>The effect of this pragma depends on whether the corresponding command
line switch is set to activate assertions.  The pragma expands into code
equivalent to the following:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">if assertions-enabled then
   if not boolean_EXPRESSION then
      System.Assertions.Raise_Assert_Failure
        (string_EXPRESSION);
   end if;
end if;
</pre></div>

<p>The string argument, if given, is the message that will be associated
with the exception occurrence if the exception is raised.  If no second
argument is given, the default message is &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var>:<var>nnn</var></samp>&rsquo;,
where <var>file</var> is the name of the source file containing the assert,
and <var>nnn</var> is the line number of the assert.  A pragma is not a
statement, so if a statement sequence contains nothing but a pragma
assert, then a null statement is required in addition, as in:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">&hellip;
if J &gt; 3 then
   pragma Assert (K &gt; 3, &quot;Bad value for K&quot;);
   null;
end if;
</pre></div>

<p>Note that, as with the <code>if</code> statement to which it is equivalent, the
type of the expression is either <code>Standard.Boolean</code>, or any type derived
from this standard type.
</p>
<p>If assertions are disabled (switch <samp>-gnata</samp> not used), then there
is no run-time effect (and in particular, any side effects from the
expression will not occur at run time).  (The expression is still
analyzed at compile time, and may cause types to be frozen if they are
mentioned here for the first time).
</p>
<p>If assertions are enabled, then the given expression is tested, and if
it is <code>False</code> then <code>System.Assertions.Raise_Assert_Failure</code> is called
which results in the raising of <code>Assert_Failure</code> with the given message.
</p>
<p>You should generally avoid side effects in the expression arguments of
this pragma, because these side effects will turn on and off with the
setting of the assertions mode, resulting in assertions that have an
effect on the program.  However, the expressions are analyzed for
semantic correctness whether or not assertions are enabled, so turning
assertions on and off cannot affect the legality of a program.
</p>
<p>Note that the implementation defined policy <code>DISABLE</code>, given in a
pragma Assertion_Policy, can be used to suppress this semantic analysis.
</p>
<p>Note: this is a standard language-defined pragma in versions
of Ada from 2005 on. In GNAT, it is implemented in all versions
of Ada, and the DISABLE policy is an implementation-defined
addition.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Assert" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Assert</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Assertion_Policy</h3>
<a name="index-Debug_005fPolicy"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Assertion_Policy (CHECK | DISABLE | IGNORE);
</pre></div>

<p>This is a standard Ada 2005 pragma that is available as an
implementation-defined pragma in earlier versions of Ada.
</p>
<p>If the argument is <code>CHECK</code>, then assertions are enabled.
If the argument is <code>IGNORE</code>, then assertions are ignored.
This pragma overrides the effect of the <samp>-gnata</samp> switch on the
command line.
</p>
<p>Assertions are of three kinds:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Pragma <code>Assert</code>.
</li><li> In Ada 2012, all assertions defined in the RM as aspects: preconditions,
postconditions, type invariants and (sub)type predicates.
</li><li> Corresponding pragmas for type invariants and (sub)type predicates.
</li></ul>

<p>The implementation defined policy <code>DISABLE</code> is like
<code>IGNORE</code> except that it completely disables semantic
checking of the argument to <code>pragma Assert</code>. This may
be useful when the pragma argument references subprograms
in a with&rsquo;ed package which is replaced by a dummy package
for the final build.
</p>
<p>Note: this is a standard language-defined pragma in versions
of Ada from 2005 on. In GNAT, it is implemented in all versions
of Ada, and the DISABLE policy is an implementation-defined
addition.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ast_Entry</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Assertion_Policy</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</h3>
<a name="index-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues"></a>
<a name="index-Invalid-representations"></a>
<a name="index-Invalid-values"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values (On | Off);
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma that controls the assumptions made by the
compiler about the occurrence of invalid representations (invalid values)
in the code.
</p>
<p>The default behavior (corresponding to an Off argument for this pragma), is
to assume that values may in general be invalid unless the compiler can
prove they are valid. Consider the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">V1 : Integer range 1 .. 10;
V2 : Integer range 11 .. 20;
...
for J in V2 .. V1 loop
   ...
end loop;
</pre></div>

<p>if V1 and V2 have valid values, then the loop is known at compile
time not to execute since the lower bound must be greater than the
upper bound. However in default mode, no such assumption is made,
and the loop may execute. If <code>Assume_No_Invalid_Values (On)</code>
is given, the compiler will assume that any occurrence of a variable
other than in an explicit <code>'Valid</code> test always has a valid
value, and the loop above will be optimized away.
</p>
<p>The use of <code>Assume_No_Invalid_Values (On)</code> is appropriate if
you know your code is free of uninitialized variables and other
possible sources of invalid representations, and may result in
more efficient code. A program that accesses an invalid representation
with this pragma in effect is erroneous, so no guarantees can be made
about its behavior.
</p>
<p>It is peculiar though permissible to use this pragma in conjunction
with validity checking (-gnatVa). In such cases, accessing invalid
values will generally give an exception, though formally the program
is erroneous so there are no guarantees that this will always be the
case, and it is recommended that these two options not be used together.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ast_005fEntry"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Attribute_Definition</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ast_005fEntry-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ast_Entry</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS"></a>
<a name="index-Ast_005fEntry"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma AST_Entry (entry_IDENTIFIER);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is implemented only in the OpenVMS implementation of GNAT.  The
argument is the simple name of a single entry; at most one <code>AST_Entry</code>
pragma is allowed for any given entry.  This pragma must be used in
conjunction with the <code>AST_Entry</code> attribute, and is only allowed after
the entry declaration and in the same task type specification or single task
as the entry to which it applies.  This pragma specifies that the given entry
may be used to handle an OpenVMS asynchronous system trap (<code>AST</code>)
resulting from an OpenVMS system service call.  The pragma does not affect
normal use of the entry.  For further details on this pragma, see the
DEC Ada Language Reference Manual, section 9.12a.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ast_Entry</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Attribute_Definition</h3>
<a name="index-Attribute_005fDefinition"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Attribute_Definition
  ([Attribute  =&gt;] ATTRIBUTE_DESIGNATOR,
   [Entity     =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
   [Expression =&gt;] EXPRESSION | NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>If <code>Attribute</code> is a known attribute name, this pragma is equivalent to
the attribute definition clause:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  for Entity'Attribute use Expression;
</pre></div>

<p>If <code>Attribute</code> is not a recognized attribute name, the pragma is
ignored, and a warning is emitted. This allows source
code to be written that takes advantage of some new attribute, while remaining
compilable with earlier compilers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Check" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Check</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Attribute_Definition</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</h3>
<a name="index-Passing-by-copy"></a>
<a name="index-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma C_Pass_By_Copy
  ([Max_Size =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>Normally the default mechanism for passing C convention records to C
convention subprograms is to pass them by reference, as suggested by RM
B.3(69).  Use the configuration pragma <code>C_Pass_By_Copy</code> to change
this default, by requiring that record formal parameters be passed by
copy if all of the following conditions are met:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The size of the record type does not exceed the value specified for
<code>Max_Size</code>.
</li><li> The record type has <code>Convention C</code>.
</li><li> The formal parameter has this record type, and the subprogram has a
foreign (non-Ada) convention.
</li></ul>

<p>If these conditions are met the argument is passed by copy, i.e. in a
manner consistent with what C expects if the corresponding formal in the
C prototype is a struct (rather than a pointer to a struct).
</p>
<p>You can also pass records by copy by specifying the convention
<code>C_Pass_By_Copy</code> for the record type, or by using the extended
<code>Import</code> and <code>Export</code> pragmas, which allow specification of
passing mechanisms on a parameter by parameter basis.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Check"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Check-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Check</h3>
<a name="index-Assertions"></a>
<a name="index-Named-assertions"></a>
<a name="index-Check"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Check (
     [Name    =&gt;] Identifier,
     [Check   =&gt;] Boolean_EXPRESSION
  [, [Message =&gt;] string_EXPRESSION] );
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is similar to the predefined pragma <code>Assert</code> except that an
extra identifier argument is present. In conjunction with pragma
<code>Check_Policy</code>, this can be used to define groups of assertions that can
be independently controlled. The identifier <code>Assertion</code> is special, it
refers to the normal set of pragma <code>Assert</code> statements. The identifiers
<code>Precondition</code> and <code>Postcondition</code> correspond to the pragmas of these
names, so these three names would normally not be used directly in a pragma
<code>Check</code>.
</p>
<p>Checks introduced by this pragma are normally deactivated by default. They can
be activated either by the command line option <samp>-gnata</samp>, which turns on
all checks, or individually controlled using pragma <code>Check_Policy</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Check_Name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Check" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Check</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</h3>
<a name="index-Floating_002dpoint-overflow"></a>
<a name="index-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Check_Float_Overflow;
</pre></div>

<p>In Ada, the predefined floating-point types (<code>Short_Float</code>,
<code>Float</code>, <code>Long_Float</code>, <code>Long_Long_Float</code>) are
defined to be <em>unconstrained</em>. This means that even though each
has a well-defined base range, an operation that delivers a result
outside this base range is not required to raise an exception.
This implementation permission accommodates the notion
of infinities in IEEE floating-point, and corresponds to the
efficient execution mode on most machines. GNAT will not raise
overflow exceptions on these machines; instead it will generate
infinities and NaN&rsquo;s as defined in the IEEE standard.
</p>
<p>Generating infinities, although efficient, is not always desirable.
Often the preferable approach is to check for overflow, even at the
(perhaps considerable) expense of run-time performance.
This can be accomplished by defining your own constrained floating-point subtypes &ndash; i.e., by supplying explicit
range constraints &ndash; and indeed such a subtype
can have the same base range as its base type. For example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">subtype My_Float is Float range Float'Range;
</pre></div>

<p>Here <code>My_Float</code> has the same range as
<code>Float</code> but is constrained, so operations on
<code>My_Float</code> values will be checked for overflow
against this range.
</p>
<p>This style will achieve the desired goal, but
it is often more convenient to be able to simply use
the standard predefined floating-point types as long
as overflow checking could be guaranteed.
The <code>Check_Float_Overflow</code>
configuration pragma achieves this effect. If a unit is compiled
subject to this configuration pragma, then all operations
on predefined floating-point types will be treated as
though those types were constrained, and overflow checks
will be generated. The <code>Constraint_Error</code>
exception is raised if the result is out of range.
</p>
<p>This mode can also be set by use of the compiler
switch <samp>-gnateF</samp>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Check_005fName"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Check_Policy</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Check_005fName-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Check_Name</h3>
<a name="index-Defining-check-names"></a>
<a name="index-Check-names_002c-defining"></a>
<a name="index-Check_005fName"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Check_Name (check_name_IDENTIFIER);
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma that defines a new implementation
defined check name (unless IDENTIFIER matches one of the predefined
check names, in which case the pragma has no effect). Check names
are global to a partition, so if two or more configuration pragmas
are present in a partition mentioning the same name, only one new
check name is introduced.
</p>
<p>An implementation defined check name introduced with this pragma may
be used in only three contexts: <code>pragma Suppress</code>,
<code>pragma Unsuppress</code>,
and as the prefix of a <code>Check_Name'Enabled</code> attribute reference. For
any of these three cases, the check name must be visible. A check
name is visible if it is in the configuration pragmas applying to
the current unit, or if it appears at the start of any unit that
is part of the dependency set of the current unit (e.g., units that
are mentioned in <code>with</code> clauses).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Check_005fPolicy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Comment" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Comment</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Check_Name</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Check_005fPolicy-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Check_Policy</h3>
<a name="index-Controlling-assertions"></a>
<a name="index-Assertions_002c-control"></a>
<a name="index-Check-pragma-control"></a>
<a name="index-Named-assertions-1"></a>
<a name="index-Check-1"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Check_Policy
 ([Name   =&gt;] Identifier,
  [Policy =&gt;] POLICY_IDENTIFIER);

POLICY_IDENTIFIER ::= ON | OFF | CHECK | DISABLE | IGNORE
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is similar to the predefined pragma <code>Assertion_Policy</code>,
except that it controls sets of named assertions introduced using the
<code>Check</code> pragmas. It can be used as a configuration pragma or (unlike
<code>Assertion_Policy</code>) can be used within a declarative part, in which case
it controls the status to the end of the corresponding construct (in a manner
identical to pragma <code>Suppress)</code>.
</p>
<p>The identifier given as the first argument corresponds to a name used in
associated <code>Check</code> pragmas. For example, if the pragma:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Check_Policy (Critical_Error, OFF);
</pre></div>

<p>is given, then subsequent <code>Check</code> pragmas whose first argument is also
<code>Critical_Error</code> will be disabled. The special identifier <code>Assertion</code>
controls the behavior of normal assertions (thus a pragma
<code>Check_Policy</code> with this identifier is similar to the normal
<code>Assertion_Policy</code> pragma except that it can appear within a
declarative part).
</p>
<p>The special identifiers <code>Precondition</code> and <code>Postcondition</code> control
the status of preconditions and postconditions given as pragmas.
If a <code>Precondition</code> pragma
is encountered, it is ignored if turned off by a <code>Check_Policy</code> specifying
that <code>Precondition</code> checks are <code>Off</code> or <code>Ignored</code>. Similarly use
of the name <code>Postcondition</code> controls whether <code>Postcondition</code> pragmas
are recognized. Note that preconditions and postconditions given as aspects
are controlled differently, either by the <code>Assertion_Policy</code> pragma or
by the <code>Check_Policy</code> pragma with identifier <code>Assertion</code>.
</p>
<p>The check policy is <code>OFF</code> to turn off corresponding checks, and <code>ON</code>
to turn on corresponding checks. The default for a set of checks for which no
<code>Check_Policy</code> is given is <code>OFF</code> unless the compiler switch
<samp>-gnata</samp> is given, which turns on all checks by default.
</p>
<p>The check policy settings <code>CHECK</code> and <code>IGNORE</code> are also recognized
as synonyms for <code>ON</code> and <code>OFF</code>. These synonyms are provided for
compatibility with the standard <code>Assertion_Policy</code> pragma.
</p>
<p>The implementation defined policy <code>DISABLE</code> is like
<code>OFF</code> except that it completely disables semantic
checking of the argument to the corresponding class of
pragmas. This may be useful when the pragma arguments reference
subprograms in a with&rsquo;ed package which is replaced by a dummy package
for the final build.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Comment"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Common_005fObject" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Common_Object</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Check_Policy</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Comment-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Comment</h3>
<a name="index-Comment"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Comment (static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This is almost identical in effect to pragma <code>Ident</code>.  It allows the
placement of a comment into the object file and hence into the
executable file if the operating system permits such usage.  The
difference is that <code>Comment</code>, unlike <code>Ident</code>, has
no limitations on placement of the pragma (it can be placed
anywhere in the main source unit), and if more than one pragma
is used, all comments are retained.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Common_005fObject"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Comment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Comment</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Common_005fObject-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Common_Object</h3>
<a name="index-Common_005fObject"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Common_Object (
     [Internal =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Size     =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL] );

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma enables the shared use of variables stored in overlaid
linker areas corresponding to the use of <code>COMMON</code>
in Fortran.  The single
object <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> is assigned to the area designated by
the <var>External</var> argument.
You may define a record to correspond to a series
of fields.  The <var>Size</var> argument
is syntax checked in GNAT, but otherwise ignored.
</p>
<p><code>Common_Object</code> is not supported on all platforms.  If no
support is available, then the code generator will issue a message
indicating that the necessary attribute for implementation of this
pragma is not available.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Common_005fObject" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Common_Object</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</h3>
<a name="index-Compile_005fTime_005fError"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Compile_Time_Error
         (boolean_EXPRESSION, static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma can be used to generate additional compile time
error messages. It
is particularly useful in generics, where errors can be issued for
specific problematic instantiations. The first parameter is a boolean
expression. The pragma is effective only if the value of this expression
is known at compile time, and has the value True. The set of expressions
whose values are known at compile time includes all static boolean
expressions, and also other values which the compiler can determine
at compile time (e.g., the size of a record type set by an explicit
size representation clause, or the value of a variable which was
initialized to a constant and is known not to have been modified).
If these conditions are met, an error message is generated using
the value given as the second argument. This string value may contain
embedded ASCII.LF characters to break the message into multiple lines.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Compiler_Unit</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</h3>
<a name="index-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Compile_Time_Warning
         (boolean_EXPRESSION, static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>Same as pragma Compile_Time_Error, except a warning is issued instead
of an error message. Note that if this pragma is used in a package that
is with&rsquo;ed by a client, the client will get the warning even though it
is issued by a with&rsquo;ed package (normally warnings in with&rsquo;ed units are
suppressed, but this is a special exception to that rule).
</p>
<p>One typical use is within a generic where compile time known characteristics
of formal parameters are tested, and warnings given appropriately. Another use
with a first parameter of True is to warn a client about use of a package,
for example that it is not fully implemented.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Complete_Representation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Compiler_Unit</h3>
<a name="index-Compiler_005fUnit"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Compiler_Unit;
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is intended only for internal use in the GNAT run-time library.
It indicates that the unit is used as part of the compiler build. The effect
is to disallow constructs (raise with message, conditional expressions etc)
that would cause trouble when bootstrapping using an older version of GNAT.
For the exact list of restrictions, see the compiler sources and references
to Is_Compiler_Unit.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Complex_Representation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Compiler_Unit</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Complete_Representation</h3>
<a name="index-Complete_005fRepresentation"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Complete_Representation;
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma must appear immediately within a record representation
clause. Typical placements are before the first component clause
or after the last component clause. The effect is to give an error
message if any component is missing a component clause. This pragma
may be used to ensure that a record representation clause is
complete, and that this invariant is maintained if fields are
added to the record in the future.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Component_Alignment</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Complete_Representation</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Complex_Representation</h3>
<a name="index-Complex_005fRepresentation"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Complex_Representation
        ([Entity =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>The <var>Entity</var> argument must be the name of a record type which has
two fields of the same floating-point type.  The effect of this pragma is
to force gcc to use the special internal complex representation form for
this record, which may be more efficient.  Note that this may result in
the code for this type not conforming to standard ABI (application
binary interface) requirements for the handling of record types.  For
example, in some environments, there is a requirement for passing
records by pointer, and the use of this pragma may result in passing
this type in floating-point registers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Component_005fAlignment"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Contract_Case</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Complex_Representation</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Component_005fAlignment-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Component_Alignment</h3>
<a name="index-Alignments-of-components"></a>
<a name="index-Component_005fAlignment"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Component_Alignment (
     [Form =&gt;] ALIGNMENT_CHOICE
  [, [Name =&gt;] type_LOCAL_NAME]);

ALIGNMENT_CHOICE ::=
  Component_Size
| Component_Size_4
| Storage_Unit
| Default
</pre></div>

<p>Specifies the alignment of components in array or record types.
The meaning of the <var>Form</var> argument is as follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-Component_005fSize"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>Component_Size</code></dt>
<dd><p>Aligns scalar components and subcomponents of the array or record type
on boundaries appropriate to their inherent size (naturally
aligned).  For example, 1-byte components are aligned on byte boundaries,
2-byte integer components are aligned on 2-byte boundaries, 4-byte
integer components are aligned on 4-byte boundaries and so on.  These
alignment rules correspond to the normal rules for C compilers on all
machines except the VAX.
</p>
<a name="index-Component_005fSize_005f4"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>Component_Size_4</code></dt>
<dd><p>Naturally aligns components with a size of four or fewer
bytes.  Components that are larger than 4 bytes are placed on the next
4-byte boundary.
</p>
<a name="index-Storage_005fUnit"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>Storage_Unit</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies that array or record components are byte aligned, i.e.
aligned on boundaries determined by the value of the constant
<code>System.Storage_Unit</code>.
</p>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-1"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>Default</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies that array or record components are aligned on default
boundaries, appropriate to the underlying hardware or operating system or
both.  For OpenVMS VAX systems, the <code>Default</code> choice is the same as
the <code>Storage_Unit</code> choice (byte alignment).  For all other systems,
the <code>Default</code> choice is the same as <code>Component_Size</code> (natural
alignment).
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>If the <code>Name</code> parameter is present, <var>type_LOCAL_NAME</var> must
refer to a local record or array type, and the specified alignment
choice applies to the specified type.  The use of
<code>Component_Alignment</code> together with a pragma <code>Pack</code> causes the
<code>Component_Alignment</code> pragma to be ignored.  The use of
<code>Component_Alignment</code> together with a record representation clause
is only effective for fields not specified by the representation clause.
</p>
<p>If the <code>Name</code> parameter is absent, the pragma can be used as either
a configuration pragma, in which case it applies to one or more units in
accordance with the normal rules for configuration pragmas, or it can be
used within a declarative part, in which case it applies to types that
are declared within this declarative part, or within any nested scope
within this declarative part.  In either case it specifies the alignment
to be applied to any record or array type which has otherwise standard
representation.
</p>
<p>If the alignment for a record or array type is not specified (using
pragma <code>Pack</code>, pragma <code>Component_Alignment</code>, or a record rep
clause), the GNAT uses the default alignment as described previously.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Contract_005fCase"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Component_Alignment</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Contract_005fCase-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Contract_Case</h3>
<a name="index-Contract-cases"></a>
<a name="index-Contract_005fCase"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Contract_Case (
   [Name     =&gt;] static_string_Expression
  ,[Mode     =&gt;] (Nominal | Robustness)
 [, Requires =&gt;  Boolean_Expression]
 [, Ensures  =&gt;  Boolean_Expression]);
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>Contract_Case</code> pragma allows defining fine-grain specifications
that can complement or replace the contract given by a precondition and a
postcondition. Additionally, the <code>Contract_Case</code> pragma can be used
by testing and formal verification tools. The compiler checks its validity and,
depending on the assertion policy at the point of declaration of the pragma,
it may insert a check in the executable. For code generation, the contract
case
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Contract_Case (
   Name     =&gt; ...
   Mode     =&gt; ...
   Requires =&gt; R,
   Ensures  =&gt; E);
</pre></div>

<p>is equivalent to
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Postcondition (not R'Old or else E);
</pre></div>

<p>which is also equivalent to (in Ada 2012)
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Postcondition (if R'Old then E);
</pre></div>

<p>expressing that, whenever condition <code>R</code> is satisfied on entry to the
subprogram, condition <code>E</code> should be fulfilled on exit to the subprogram.
</p>
<p>A precondition <code>P</code> and postcondition <code>Q</code> can also be
expressed as contract cases:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Contract_Case (
   Name     =&gt; &quot;Replace precondition&quot;,
   Mode     =&gt; Nominal,
   Requires =&gt; not P,
   Ensures  =&gt; False);
pragma Contract_Case (
   Name     =&gt; &quot;Replace postcondition&quot;,
   Mode     =&gt; Nominal,
   Requires =&gt; P,
   Ensures  =&gt; Q);
</pre></div>

<p><code>Contract_Case</code> pragmas may only appear immediately following the
(separate) declaration of a subprogram in a package declaration, inside
a package spec unit. Only other pragmas may intervene (that is appear
between the subprogram declaration and a contract case).
</p>
<p>The compiler checks that boolean expressions given in <code>Requires</code> and
<code>Ensures</code> are valid, where the rules for <code>Requires</code> are the
same as the rule for an expression in <code>Precondition</code> and the rules
for <code>Ensures</code> are the same as the rule for an expression in
<code>Postcondition</code>. In particular, attributes <code>'Old</code> and
<code>'Result</code> can only be used within the <code>Ensures</code>
expression. The following is an example of use within a package spec:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Math_Functions is
   ...
   function Sqrt (Arg : Float) return Float;
   pragma Contract_Case (Name     =&gt; &quot;Small argument&quot;,
                         Mode     =&gt; Nominal,
                         Requires =&gt; Arg &lt; 100,
                         Ensures  =&gt; Sqrt'Result &lt; 10);
   ...
end Math_Functions;
</pre></div>

<p>The meaning of a contract case is that, whenever the associated subprogram is
executed in a context where <code>Requires</code> holds, then <code>Ensures</code>
should hold when the subprogram returns. Mode <code>Nominal</code> indicates
that the input context should also satisfy the precondition of the
subprogram, and the output context should also satisfy its
postcondition. More <code>Robustness</code> indicates that the precondition and
postcondition of the subprogram should be ignored for this contract case,
which is mostly useful when testing such a contract using a testing tool
that understands contract cases.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma CPP_Class</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Contract_Case</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Convention_Identifier</h3>
<a name="index-Convention_005fIdentifier"></a>
<a name="index-Conventions_002c-synonyms"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Convention_Identifier (
         [Name =&gt;]       IDENTIFIER,
         [Convention =&gt;] convention_IDENTIFIER);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma provides a mechanism for supplying synonyms for existing
convention identifiers. The <code>Name</code> identifier can subsequently
be used as a synonym for the given convention in other pragmas (including
for example pragma <code>Import</code> or another <code>Convention_Identifier</code>
pragma). As an example of the use of this, suppose you had legacy code
which used Fortran77 as the identifier for Fortran. Then the pragma:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Convention_Identifier (Fortran77, Fortran);
</pre></div>

<p>would allow the use of the convention identifier <code>Fortran77</code> in
subsequent code, avoiding the need to modify the sources. As another
example, you could use this to parameterize convention requirements
according to systems. Suppose you needed to use <code>Stdcall</code> on
windows systems, and <code>C</code> on some other system, then you could
define a convention identifier <code>Library</code> and use a single
<code>Convention_Identifier</code> pragma to specify which convention
would be used system-wide.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fClass"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fClass-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma CPP_Class</h3>
<a name="index-CPP_005fClass"></a>
<a name="index-Interfacing-with-C_002b_002b"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma CPP_Class ([Entity =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>The argument denotes an entity in the current declarative region that is
declared as a record type. It indicates that the type corresponds to an
externally declared C++ class type, and is to be laid out the same way
that C++ would lay out the type. If the C++ class has virtual primitives
then the record must be declared as a tagged record type.
</p>
<p>Types for which <code>CPP_Class</code> is specified do not have assignment or
equality operators defined (such operations can be imported or declared
as subprograms as required). Initialization is allowed only by constructor
functions (see pragma <code>CPP_Constructor</code>). Such types are implicitly
limited if not explicitly declared as limited or derived from a limited
type, and an error is issued in that case.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing to C++</a> for related information.
</p>
<p>Note: Pragma <code>CPP_Class</code> is currently obsolete. It is supported
for backward compatibility but its functionality is available
using pragma <code>Import</code> with <code>Convention</code> = <code>CPP</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma CPP_Class</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma CPP_Constructor</h3>
<a name="index-Interfacing-with-C_002b_002b-1"></a>
<a name="index-CPP_005fConstructor"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma CPP_Constructor ([Entity =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External_Name =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION ]
  [, [Link_Name     =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION ]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma identifies an imported function (imported in the usual way
with pragma <code>Import</code>) as corresponding to a C++ constructor. If
<code>External_Name</code> and <code>Link_Name</code> are not specified then the
<code>Entity</code> argument is a name that must have been previously mentioned
in a pragma <code>Import</code> with <code>Convention</code> = <code>CPP</code>. Such name
must be of one of the following forms:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>function <var>Fname</var> return <var>T</var></code>

<ul>
<li> <code>function <var>Fname</var> return <var>T</var>'Class</code>

</li><li> <code>function <var>Fname</var> (&hellip;) return <var>T</var></code>
</li></ul>

</li><li> <code>function <var>Fname</var> (&hellip;) return <var>T</var>'Class</code>
</li></ul>

<p>where <var>T</var> is a limited record type imported from C++ with pragma
<code>Import</code> and <code>Convention</code> = <code>CPP</code>.
</p>
<p>The first two forms import the default constructor, used when an object
of type <var>T</var> is created on the Ada side with no explicit constructor.
The latter two forms cover all the non-default constructors of the type.
See the GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide for details.
</p>
<p>If no constructors are imported, it is impossible to create any objects
on the Ada side and the type is implicitly declared abstract.
</p>
<p>Pragma <code>CPP_Constructor</code> is intended primarily for automatic generation
using an automatic binding generator tool (such as the <code>-fdump-ada-spec</code>
GCC switch).
See <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing to C++</a> for more related information.
</p>
<p>Note: The use of functions returning class-wide types for constructors is
currently obsolete. They are supported for backward compatibility. The
use of functions returning the type T leave the Ada sources more clear
because the imported C++ constructors always return an object of type T;
that is, they never return an object whose type is a descendant of type T.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma CPP_Virtual</h3>
<a name="index-Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b"></a>
<a name="index-CPP_005fVirtual"></a>
<p>This pragma is now obsolete has has no effect because GNAT generates
the same object layout than the G++ compiler.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing to C++</a> for related information.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fVtable"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-CPU" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma CPU</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-CPP_005fVtable-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma CPP_Vtable</h3>
<a name="index-Interfacing-with-C_002b_002b-2"></a>
<a name="index-CPP_005fVtable"></a>
<p>This pragma is now obsolete has has no effect because GNAT generates
the same object layout than the G++ compiler.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing to C++</a> for related information.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-CPU"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Debug" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Debug</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-CPU-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma CPU</h3>
<a name="index-CPU"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma CPU (EXPRESSSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2012, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Debug"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Debug_Policy</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-CPU" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma CPU</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Debug-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Debug</h3>
<a name="index-Debug"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Debug ([CONDITION, ]PROCEDURE_CALL_WITHOUT_SEMICOLON);

PROCEDURE_CALL_WITHOUT_SEMICOLON ::=
  PROCEDURE_NAME
| PROCEDURE_PREFIX ACTUAL_PARAMETER_PART
</pre></div>

<p>The procedure call argument has the syntactic form of an expression, meeting
the syntactic requirements for pragmas.
</p>
<p>If debug pragmas are not enabled or if the condition is present and evaluates
to False, this pragma has no effect. If debug pragmas are enabled, the
semantics of the pragma is exactly equivalent to the procedure call statement
corresponding to the argument with a terminating semicolon. Pragmas are
permitted in sequences of declarations, so you can use pragma <code>Debug</code> to
intersperse calls to debug procedures in the middle of declarations. Debug
pragmas can be enabled either by use of the command line switch <samp>-gnata</samp>
or by use of the configuration pragma <code>Debug_Policy</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Debug" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Debug</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Debug_Policy</h3>
<a name="index-Debug_005fPolicy-1"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Debug_Policy (CHECK | DISABLE | IGNORE);
</pre></div>

<p>If the argument is <code>CHECK</code>, then pragma <code>DEBUG</code> is enabled.
If the argument is <code>IGNORE</code>, then pragma <code>DEBUG</code> is ignored.
This pragma overrides the effect of the <samp>-gnata</samp> switch on the
command line.
</p>
<p>The implementation defined policy <code>DISABLE</code> is like
<code>IGNORE</code> except that it completely disables semantic
checking of the argument to <code>pragma Debug</code>. This may
be useful when the pragma argument references subprograms
in a with&rsquo;ed package which is replaced by a dummy package
for the final build.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Detect_Blocking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Debug_Policy</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</h3>
<a name="index-Default_005fStorage_005fPool"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Default_Storage_Pool (storage_pool_NAME | null);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2012, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Detect_Blocking</h3>
<a name="index-Detect_005fBlocking"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Detect_Blocking;
</pre></div>

<p>This is a standard pragma in Ada 2005, that is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
</p>
<p>This is a configuration pragma that forces the detection of potentially
blocking operations within a protected operation, and to raise Program_Error
if that happens.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Detect_Blocking</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</h3>
<a name="index-Dispatching_005fDomain"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Dispatching_Domain (EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2012, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Eliminate" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Eliminate</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</h3>
<a name="index-Elaboration-control"></a>
<a name="index-Elaboration_005fChecks"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Elaboration_Checks (Dynamic | Static);
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma that provides control over the
elaboration model used by the compilation affected by the
pragma.  If the parameter is <code>Dynamic</code>,
then the dynamic elaboration
model described in the Ada Reference Manual is used, as though
the <samp>-gnatE</samp> switch had been specified on the command
line.  If the parameter is <code>Static</code>, then the default GNAT static
model is used.  This configuration pragma overrides the setting
of the command line.  For full details on the elaboration models
used by the GNAT compiler, see <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Elaboration-Order-Handling-in-GNAT">Elaboration Order Handling in GNAT</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Eliminate"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fException" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Export_Exception</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Eliminate-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Eliminate</h3>
<a name="index-Elimination-of-unused-subprograms"></a>
<a name="index-Eliminate"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Eliminate ([Entity          =&gt;] DEFINING_DESIGNATOR,
                  [Source_Location =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL);
</pre></div>

<p>The string literal given for the source location is a string which
specifies the line number of the occurrence of the entity, using
the syntax for SOURCE_TRACE given below:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> SOURCE_TRACE     ::= SOURCE_REFERENCE [LBRACKET SOURCE_TRACE RBRACKET]

 LBRACKET         ::= [
 RBRACKET         ::= ]

 SOURCE_REFERENCE ::= FILE_NAME : LINE_NUMBER

 LINE_NUMBER      ::= DIGIT {DIGIT}
</pre></div>

<p>Spaces around the colon in a <code>Source_Reference</code> are optional.
</p>
<p>The <code>DEFINING_DESIGNATOR</code> matches the defining designator used in an
explicit subprogram declaration, where the <code>entity</code> name in this
designator appears on the source line specified by the source location.
</p>
<p>The source trace that is given as the <code>Source_Location</code> shall obey the
following rules. The <code>FILE_NAME</code> is the short name (with no directory
information) of an Ada source file, given using exactly the required syntax
for the underlying file system (e.g. case is important if the underlying
operating system is case sensitive). <code>LINE_NUMBER</code> gives the line
number of the occurrence of the <code>entity</code>
as a decimal literal without an exponent or point. If an <code>entity</code> is not
declared in a generic instantiation (this includes generic subprogram
instances), the source trace includes only one source reference. If an entity
is declared inside a generic instantiation, its source trace (when parsing
from left to right) starts with the source location of the declaration of the
entity in the generic unit and ends with the source location of the
instantiation (it is given in square brackets). This approach is recursively
used in case of nested instantiations: the rightmost (nested most deeply in
square brackets) element of the source trace is the location of the outermost
instantiation, the next to left element is the location of the next (first
nested) instantiation in the code of the corresponding generic unit, and so
on, and the leftmost element (that is out of any square brackets) is the
location of the declaration of the entity to eliminate in a generic unit.
</p>
<p>Note that the <code>Source_Location</code> argument specifies which of a set of
similarly named entities is being eliminated, dealing both with overloading,
and also appearence of the same entity name in different scopes.
</p>
<p>This pragma indicates that the given entity is not used in the program to be
compiled and built. The effect of the pragma is to allow the compiler to
eliminate the code or data associated with the named entity. Any reference to
an eliminated entity causes a compile-time or link-time error.
</p>
<p>The intention of pragma <code>Eliminate</code> is to allow a program to be compiled
in a system-independent manner, with unused entities eliminated, without
needing to modify the source text. Normally the required set of
<code>Eliminate</code> pragmas is constructed automatically using the gnatelim tool.
</p>
<p>Any source file change that removes, splits, or
adds lines may make the set of Eliminate pragmas invalid because their
<code>Source_Location</code> argument values may get out of date.
</p>
<p>Pragma <code>Eliminate</code> may be used where the referenced entity is a dispatching
operation. In this case all the subprograms to which the given operation can
dispatch are considered to be unused (are never called as a result of a direct
or a dispatching call).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fException"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Export_Function</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Eliminate" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Eliminate</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fException-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Export_Exception</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-2"></a>
<a name="index-Export_005fException"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Export_Exception (
     [Internal =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Form     =&gt;] Ada | VMS]
  [, [Code     =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is implemented only in the OpenVMS implementation of GNAT.  It
causes the specified exception to be propagated outside of the Ada program,
so that it can be handled by programs written in other OpenVMS languages.
This pragma establishes an external name for an Ada exception and makes the
name available to the OpenVMS Linker as a global symbol.  For further details
on this pragma, see the
DEC Ada Language Reference Manual, section 13.9a3.2.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fFunction"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fObject" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Export_Object</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fException" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Export_Exception</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fFunction-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Export_Function</h3>
<a name="index-Argument-passing-mechanisms"></a>
<a name="index-Export_005fFunction"></a>

<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Export_Function (
     [Internal         =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External         =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Parameter_Types  =&gt;] PARAMETER_TYPES]
  [, [Result_Type      =&gt;] result_SUBTYPE_MARK]
  [, [Mechanism        =&gt;] MECHANISM]
  [, [Result_Mechanism =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
| &quot;&quot;

PARAMETER_TYPES ::=
  null
| TYPE_DESIGNATOR {, TYPE_DESIGNATOR}

TYPE_DESIGNATOR ::=
  subtype_NAME
| subtype_Name ' Access

MECHANISM ::=
  MECHANISM_NAME
| (MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION {, MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION})

MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION ::=
  [formal_parameter_NAME =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME

MECHANISM_NAME ::=
  Value
| Reference
| Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]
| Short_Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]

CLASS_NAME ::= ubs | ubsb | uba | s | sb | a
</pre></div>

<p>Use this pragma to make a function externally callable and optionally
provide information on mechanisms to be used for passing parameter and
result values.  We recommend, for the purposes of improving portability,
this pragma always be used in conjunction with a separate pragma
<code>Export</code>, which must precede the pragma <code>Export_Function</code>.
GNAT does not require a separate pragma <code>Export</code>, but if none is
present, <code>Convention Ada</code> is assumed, which is usually
not what is wanted, so it is usually appropriate to use this
pragma in conjunction with a <code>Export</code> or <code>Convention</code>
pragma that specifies the desired foreign convention.
Pragma <code>Export_Function</code>
(and <code>Export</code>, if present) must appear in the same declarative
region as the function to which they apply.
</p>
<p><var>internal_name</var> must uniquely designate the function to which the
pragma applies.  If more than one function name exists of this name in
the declarative part you must use the <code>Parameter_Types</code> and
<code>Result_Type</code> parameters is mandatory to achieve the required
unique designation.  <var>subtype_mark</var>s in these parameters must
exactly match the subtypes in the corresponding function specification,
using positional notation to match parameters with subtype marks.
The form with an <code>'Access</code> attribute can be used to match an
anonymous access parameter.
</p>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-3"></a>
<a name="index-Passing-by-descriptor"></a>
<p>Passing by descriptor is supported only on the OpenVMS ports of GNAT.
The default behavior for Export_Function is to accept either 64bit or
32bit descriptors unless short_descriptor is specified, then only 32bit
descriptors are accepted.
</p>
<a name="index-Suppressing-external-name"></a>
<p>Special treatment is given if the EXTERNAL is an explicit null
string or a static string expressions that evaluates to the null
string. In this case, no external name is generated. This form
still allows the specification of parameter mechanisms.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fObject"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Export_Procedure</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Export_Function</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fObject-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Export_Object</h3>
<a name="index-Export_005fObject"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Export_Object
      [Internal =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
   [, [External =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
   [, [Size     =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma designates an object as exported, and apart from the
extended rules for external symbols, is identical in effect to the use of
the normal <code>Export</code> pragma applied to an object.  You may use a
separate Export pragma (and you probably should from the point of view
of portability), but it is not required.  <var>Size</var> is syntax checked,
but otherwise ignored by GNAT.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fProcedure"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValue" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Export_Value</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fObject" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Export_Object</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fProcedure-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Export_Procedure</h3>
<a name="index-Export_005fProcedure"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Export_Procedure (
     [Internal        =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External        =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Parameter_Types =&gt;] PARAMETER_TYPES]
  [, [Mechanism       =&gt;] MECHANISM]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
| &quot;&quot;

PARAMETER_TYPES ::=
  null
| TYPE_DESIGNATOR {, TYPE_DESIGNATOR}

TYPE_DESIGNATOR ::=
  subtype_NAME
| subtype_Name ' Access

MECHANISM ::=
  MECHANISM_NAME
| (MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION {, MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION})

MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION ::=
  [formal_parameter_NAME =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME

MECHANISM_NAME ::=
  Value
| Reference
| Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]
| Short_Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]

CLASS_NAME ::= ubs | ubsb | uba | s | sb | a
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical to <code>Export_Function</code> except that it
applies to a procedure rather than a function and the parameters
<code>Result_Type</code> and <code>Result_Mechanism</code> are not permitted.
GNAT does not require a separate pragma <code>Export</code>, but if none is
present, <code>Convention Ada</code> is assumed, which is usually
not what is wanted, so it is usually appropriate to use this
pragma in conjunction with a <code>Export</code> or <code>Convention</code>
pragma that specifies the desired foreign convention.
</p>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-4"></a>
<a name="index-Passing-by-descriptor-1"></a>
<p>Passing by descriptor is supported only on the OpenVMS ports of GNAT.
The default behavior for Export_Procedure is to accept either 64bit or
32bit descriptors unless short_descriptor is specified, then only 32bit
descriptors are accepted.
</p>
<a name="index-Suppressing-external-name-1"></a>
<p>Special treatment is given if the EXTERNAL is an explicit null
string or a static string expressions that evaluates to the null
string. In this case, no external name is generated. This form
still allows the specification of parameter mechanisms.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fValue"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Export_Procedure</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fValue-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Export_Value</h3>
<a name="index-Export_005fValue"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Export_Value (
  [Value     =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION,
  [Link_Name =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma serves to export a static integer value for external use.
The first argument specifies the value to be exported. The Link_Name
argument specifies the symbolic name to be associated with the integer
value. This pragma is useful for defining a named static value in Ada
that can be referenced in assembly language units to be linked with
the application. This pragma is currently supported only for the
AAMP target and is ignored for other targets.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Extend_System</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValue" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Export_Value</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</h3>
<a name="index-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Export_Valued_Procedure (
     [Internal        =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External        =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Parameter_Types =&gt;] PARAMETER_TYPES]
  [, [Mechanism       =&gt;] MECHANISM]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
| &quot;&quot;

PARAMETER_TYPES ::=
  null
| TYPE_DESIGNATOR {, TYPE_DESIGNATOR}

TYPE_DESIGNATOR ::=
  subtype_NAME
| subtype_Name ' Access

MECHANISM ::=
  MECHANISM_NAME
| (MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION {, MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION})

MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION ::=
  [formal_parameter_NAME =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME

MECHANISM_NAME ::=
  Value
| Reference
| Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]
| Short_Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]

CLASS_NAME ::= ubs | ubsb | uba | s | sb | a
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical to <code>Export_Procedure</code> except that the
first parameter of <var>LOCAL_NAME</var>, which must be present, must be of
mode <code>OUT</code>, and externally the subprogram is treated as a function
with this parameter as the result of the function.  GNAT provides for
this capability to allow the use of <code>OUT</code> and <code>IN OUT</code>
parameters in interfacing to external functions (which are not permitted
in Ada functions).
GNAT does not require a separate pragma <code>Export</code>, but if none is
present, <code>Convention Ada</code> is assumed, which is almost certainly
not what is wanted since the whole point of this pragma is to interface
with foreign language functions, so it is usually appropriate to use this
pragma in conjunction with a <code>Export</code> or <code>Convention</code>
pragma that specifies the desired foreign convention.
</p>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-5"></a>
<a name="index-Passing-by-descriptor-2"></a>
<p>Passing by descriptor is supported only on the OpenVMS ports of GNAT.
The default behavior for Export_Valued_Procedure is to accept either 64bit or
32bit descriptors unless short_descriptor is specified, then only 32bit
descriptors are accepted.
</p>
<a name="index-Suppressing-external-name-2"></a>
<p>Special treatment is given if the EXTERNAL is an explicit null
string or a static string expressions that evaluates to the null
string. In this case, no external name is generated. This form
still allows the specification of parameter mechanisms.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Extend_005fSystem"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Extend_005fSystem-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Extend_System</h3>
<a name="index-system_002c-extending"></a>
<a name="index-Dec-Ada-83"></a>
<a name="index-Extend_005fSystem"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Extend_System ([Name =&gt;] IDENTIFIER);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used to provide backwards compatibility with other
implementations that extend the facilities of package <code>System</code>.  In
GNAT, <code>System</code> contains only the definitions that are present in
the Ada RM.  However, other implementations, notably the DEC Ada 83
implementation, provide many extensions to package <code>System</code>.
</p>
<p>For each such implementation accommodated by this pragma, GNAT provides a
package <code>Aux_<var>xxx</var></code>, e.g. <code>Aux_DEC</code> for the DEC Ada 83
implementation, which provides the required additional definitions.  You
can use this package in two ways.  You can <code>with</code> it in the normal
way and access entities either by selection or using a <code>use</code>
clause.  In this case no special processing is required.
</p>
<p>However, if existing code contains references such as
<code>System.<var>xxx</var></code> where <var>xxx</var> is an entity in the extended
definitions provided in package <code>System</code>, you may use this pragma
to extend visibility in <code>System</code> in a non-standard way that
provides greater compatibility with the existing code.  Pragma
<code>Extend_System</code> is a configuration pragma whose single argument is
the name of the package containing the extended definition
(e.g. <code>Aux_DEC</code> for the DEC Ada case).  A unit compiled under
control of this pragma will be processed using special visibility
processing that looks in package <code>System.Aux_<var>xxx</var></code> where
<code>Aux_<var>xxx</var></code> is the pragma argument for any entity referenced in
package <code>System</code>, but not found in package <code>System</code>.
</p>
<p>You can use this pragma either to access a predefined <code>System</code>
extension supplied with the compiler, for example <code>Aux_DEC</code> or
you can construct your own extension unit following the above
definition.  Note that such a package is a child of <code>System</code>
and thus is considered part of the implementation.  To compile
it you will have to use the appropriate switch for compiling
system units.
See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Top">About This Guide</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>,
for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-External" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma External</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Extend_System</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-Extensions"></a>
<a name="index-GNAT-Extensions"></a>
<a name="index-Extensions_005fAllowed"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Extensions_Allowed (On | Off);
</pre></div>

<p>This configuration pragma enables or disables the implementation
extension mode (the use of Off as a parameter cancels the effect
of the <samp>-gnatX</samp> command switch).
</p>
<p>In extension mode, the latest version of the Ada language is
implemented (currently Ada 2012), and in addition a small number
of GNAT specific extensions are recognized as follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Constrained attribute for generic objects</dt>
<dd><p>The <code>Constrained</code> attribute is permitted for objects of
generic types. The result indicates if the corresponding actual
is constrained.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-External"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-External-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma External</h3>
<a name="index-External"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma External (
  [   Convention    =&gt;] convention_IDENTIFIER,
  [   Entity        =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External_Name =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION ]
  [, [Link_Name     =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION ]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical in syntax and semantics to pragma
<code>Export</code> as defined in the Ada Reference Manual.  It is
provided for compatibility with some Ada 83 compilers that
used this pragma for exactly the same purposes as pragma
<code>Export</code> before the latter was standardized.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Fast_005fMath" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Fast_Math</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-External" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma External</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma External_Name_Casing</h3>
<a name="index-Dec-Ada-83-casing-compatibility"></a>
<a name="index-External-Names_002c-casing"></a>
<a name="index-Casing-of-External-names"></a>
<a name="index-External_005fName_005fCasing"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma External_Name_Casing (
  Uppercase | Lowercase
  [, Uppercase | Lowercase | As_Is]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma provides control over the casing of external names associated
with Import and Export pragmas.  There are two cases to consider:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Implicit external names</dt>
<dd><p>Implicit external names are derived from identifiers.  The most common case
arises when a standard Ada Import or Export pragma is used with only two
arguments, as in:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   pragma Import (C, C_Routine);
</pre></div>

<p>Since Ada is a case-insensitive language, the spelling of the identifier in
the Ada source program does not provide any information on the desired
casing of the external name, and so a convention is needed.  In GNAT the
default treatment is that such names are converted to all lower case
letters.  This corresponds to the normal C style in many environments.
The first argument of pragma <code>External_Name_Casing</code> can be used to
control this treatment.  If <code>Uppercase</code> is specified, then the name
will be forced to all uppercase letters.  If <code>Lowercase</code> is specified,
then the normal default of all lower case letters will be used.
</p>
<p>This same implicit treatment is also used in the case of extended DEC Ada 83
compatible Import and Export pragmas where an external name is explicitly
specified using an identifier rather than a string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Explicit external names</dt>
<dd><p>Explicit external names are given as string literals.  The most common case
arises when a standard Ada Import or Export pragma is used with three
arguments, as in:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Import (C, C_Routine, &quot;C_routine&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>In this case, the string literal normally provides the exact casing required
for the external name.  The second argument of pragma
<code>External_Name_Casing</code> may be used to modify this behavior.
If <code>Uppercase</code> is specified, then the name
will be forced to all uppercase letters.  If <code>Lowercase</code> is specified,
then the name will be forced to all lowercase letters.  A specification of
<code>As_Is</code> provides the normal default behavior in which the casing is
taken from the string provided.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>This pragma may appear anywhere that a pragma is valid.  In particular, it
can be used as a configuration pragma in the <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file, in which
case it applies to all subsequent compilations, or it can be used as a program
unit pragma, in which case it only applies to the current unit, or it can
be used more locally to control individual Import/Export pragmas.
</p>
<p>It is primarily intended for use with OpenVMS systems, where many
compilers convert all symbols to upper case by default.  For interfacing to
such compilers (e.g. the DEC C compiler), it may be convenient to use
the pragma:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma External_Name_Casing (Uppercase, Uppercase);
</pre></div>

<p>to enforce the upper casing of all external symbols.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Fast_005fMath"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Fast_005fMath-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Fast_Math</h3>
<a name="index-Fast_005fMath"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Fast_Math;
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma which activates a mode in which speed is
considered more important for floating-point operations than absolutely
accurate adherence to the requirements of the standard. Currently the
following operations are affected:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Complex Multiplication</dt>
<dd><p>The normal simple formula for complex multiplication can result in intermediate
overflows for numbers near the end of the range. The Ada standard requires that
this situation be detected and corrected by scaling, but in Fast_Math mode such
cases will simply result in overflow. Note that to take advantage of this you
must instantiate your own version of <code>Ada.Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types</code>
under control of the pragma, rather than use the preinstantiated versions.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Fast_005fMath" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Fast_Math</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</h3>
<a name="index-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Favor_Top_Level (type_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>The named type must be an access-to-subprogram type. This pragma is an
efficiency hint to the compiler, regarding the use of &rsquo;Access or
&rsquo;Unrestricted_Access on nested (non-library-level) subprograms. The
pragma means that nested subprograms are not used with this type, or
are rare, so that the generated code should be efficient in the
top-level case. When this pragma is used, dynamically generated
trampolines may be used on some targets for nested subprograms.
See also the No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code restriction.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Float_Representation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</h3>
<a name="index-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Finalize_Storage_Only (first_subtype_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma allows the compiler not to emit a Finalize call for objects
defined at the library level.  This is mostly useful for types where
finalization is only used to deal with storage reclamation since in most
environments it is not necessary to reclaim memory just before terminating
execution, hence the name.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ident" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ident</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Float_Representation</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-6"></a>
<a name="index-Float_005fRepresentation"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Float_Representation (FLOAT_REP[, float_type_LOCAL_NAME]);

FLOAT_REP ::= VAX_Float | IEEE_Float
</pre></div>

<p>In the one argument form, this pragma is a configuration pragma which
allows control over the internal representation chosen for the predefined
floating point types declared in the packages <code>Standard</code> and
<code>System</code>. On all systems other than OpenVMS, the argument must
be <code>IEEE_Float</code> and the pragma has no effect. On OpenVMS, the
argument may be <code>VAX_Float</code> to specify the use of the VAX float
format for the floating-point types in Standard. This requires that
the standard runtime libraries be recompiled.
</p>
<p>The two argument form specifies the representation to be used for
the specified floating-point type. On all systems other than OpenVMS,
the argument must
be <code>IEEE_Float</code> and the pragma has no effect. On OpenVMS, the
argument may be <code>VAX_Float</code> to specify the use of the VAX float
format, as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> For digits values up to 6, F float format will be used.
</li><li> For digits values from 7 to 9, D float format will be used.
</li><li> For digits values from 10 to 15, G float format will be used.
</li><li> Digits values above 15 are not allowed.
</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ident"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Implementation_Defined</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Float_Representation</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ident-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ident</h3>
<a name="index-Ident"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ident (static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma provides a string identification in the generated object file,
if the system supports the concept of this kind of identification string.
This pragma is allowed only in the outermost declarative part or
declarative items of a compilation unit. If more than one <code>Ident</code>
pragma is given, only the last one processed is effective.
<a name="index-OpenVMS-7"></a>
On OpenVMS systems, the effect of the pragma is identical to the effect of
the DEC Ada 83 pragma of the same name. Note that in DEC Ada 83, the
maximum allowed length is 31 characters, so if it is important to
maintain compatibility with this compiler, you should obey this length
limit.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Implemented" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Implemented</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ident" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ident</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Implementation_Defined</h3>
<a name="index-Implementation_005fDefined"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Implementation_Defined (local_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma marks a previously declared entioty as implementation-defined.
For an overloaded entity, applies to the most recent homonym.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Implementation_Defined;
</pre></div>

<p>The form with no arguments appears anywhere within a scope, most
typically a package spec, and indicates that all entities that are
defined within the package spec are Implementation_Defined.
</p>
<p>This pragma is used within the GNAT runtime library to identify
implementation-defined entities introduced in language-defined units,
for the purpose of implementing the No_Implementation_Identifiers
restriction.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Implemented"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Implementation_Defined</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Implemented-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Implemented</h3>
<a name="index-Implemented"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Implemented (procedure_LOCAL_NAME, implementation_kind);

implementation_kind ::= By_Entry | By_Protected_Procedure | By_Any
</pre></div>

<p>This is an Ada 2012 representation pragma which applies to protected, task
and synchronized interface primitives. The use of pragma Implemented provides
a way to impose a static requirement on the overriding operation by adhering
to one of the three implementation kinds: entry, protected procedure or any of
the above. This pragma is available in all earlier versions of Ada as an
implementation-defined pragma.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Synch_Iface is synchronized interface;
procedure Prim_Op (Obj : in out Iface) is abstract;
pragma Implemented (Prim_Op, By_Protected_Procedure);

protected type Prot_1 is new Synch_Iface with
   procedure Prim_Op;  --  Legal
end Prot_1;

protected type Prot_2 is new Synch_Iface with
   entry Prim_Op;      --  Illegal
end Prot_2;

task type Task_Typ is new Synch_Iface with
   entry Prim_Op;      --  Illegal
end Task_Typ;
</pre></div>

<p>When applied to the procedure_or_entry_NAME of a requeue statement, pragma
Implemented determines the runtime behavior of the requeue. Implementation kind
By_Entry guarantees that the action of requeueing will proceed from an entry to
another entry. Implementation kind By_Protected_Procedure transforms the
requeue into a dispatching call, thus eliminating the chance of blocking. Kind
By_Any shares the behavior of By_Entry and By_Protected_Procedure depending on
the target&rsquo;s overriding subprogram kind.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fException" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Import_Exception</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Implemented" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Implemented</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Implicit_Packing</h3>
<a name="index-Implicit_005fPacking"></a>
<a name="index-Rational-Profile"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Implicit_Packing;
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma that requests implicit packing for packed
arrays for which a size clause is given but no explicit pragma Pack or
specification of Component_Size is present. It also applies to records
where no record representation clause is present. Consider this example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type R is array (0 .. 7) of Boolean;
for R'Size use 8;
</pre></div>

<p>In accordance with the recommendation in the RM (RM 13.3(53)), a Size clause
does not change the layout of a composite object. So the Size clause in the
above example is normally rejected, since the default layout of the array uses
8-bit components, and thus the array requires a minimum of 64 bits.
</p>
<p>If this declaration is compiled in a region of code covered by an occurrence
of the configuration pragma Implicit_Packing, then the Size clause in this
and similar examples will cause implicit packing and thus be accepted. For
this implicit packing to occur, the type in question must be an array of small
components whose size is known at compile time, and the Size clause must
specify the exact size that corresponds to the length of the array multiplied
by the size in bits of the component type.
<a name="index-Array-packing"></a>
</p>
<p>Similarly, the following example shows the use in the record case
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type r is record
   a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h : boolean;
   chr                    : character;
end record;
for r'size use 16;
</pre></div>

<p>Without a pragma Pack, each Boolean field requires 8 bits, so the
minimum size is 72 bits, but with a pragma Pack, 16 bits would be
sufficient. The use of pragma Implicit_Packing allows this record
declaration to compile without an explicit pragma Pack.
</p><hr>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fException"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Import_Function</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fException-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Import_Exception</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-8"></a>
<a name="index-Import_005fException"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Import_Exception (
     [Internal =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Form     =&gt;] Ada | VMS]
  [, [Code     =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is implemented only in the OpenVMS implementation of GNAT.
It allows OpenVMS conditions (for example, from OpenVMS system services or
other OpenVMS languages) to be propagated to Ada programs as Ada exceptions.
The pragma specifies that the exception associated with an exception
declaration in an Ada program be defined externally (in non-Ada code).
For further details on this pragma, see the
DEC Ada Language Reference Manual, section 13.9a.3.1.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fFunction"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fObject" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Import_Object</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fException" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Import_Exception</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fFunction-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Import_Function</h3>
<a name="index-Import_005fFunction"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Import_Function (
     [Internal                 =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
  [, [External                 =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Parameter_Types          =&gt;] PARAMETER_TYPES]
  [, [Result_Type              =&gt;] SUBTYPE_MARK]
  [, [Mechanism                =&gt;] MECHANISM]
  [, [Result_Mechanism         =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME]
  [, [First_Optional_Parameter =&gt;] IDENTIFIER]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION

PARAMETER_TYPES ::=
  null
| TYPE_DESIGNATOR {, TYPE_DESIGNATOR}

TYPE_DESIGNATOR ::=
  subtype_NAME
| subtype_Name ' Access

MECHANISM ::=
  MECHANISM_NAME
| (MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION {, MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION})

MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION ::=
  [formal_parameter_NAME =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME

MECHANISM_NAME ::=
  Value
| Reference
| Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]
| Short_Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]

CLASS_NAME ::= ubs | ubsb | uba | s | sb | a | nca
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used in conjunction with a pragma <code>Import</code> to
specify additional information for an imported function.  The pragma
<code>Import</code> (or equivalent pragma <code>Interface</code>) must precede the
<code>Import_Function</code> pragma and both must appear in the same
declarative part as the function specification.
</p>
<p>The <var>Internal</var> argument must uniquely designate
the function to which the
pragma applies.  If more than one function name exists of this name in
the declarative part you must use the <code>Parameter_Types</code> and
<var>Result_Type</var> parameters to achieve the required unique
designation.  Subtype marks in these parameters must exactly match the
subtypes in the corresponding function specification, using positional
notation to match parameters with subtype marks.
The form with an <code>'Access</code> attribute can be used to match an
anonymous access parameter.
</p>
<p>You may optionally use the <var>Mechanism</var> and <var>Result_Mechanism</var>
parameters to specify passing mechanisms for the
parameters and result.  If you specify a single mechanism name, it
applies to all parameters.  Otherwise you may specify a mechanism on a
parameter by parameter basis using either positional or named
notation.  If the mechanism is not specified, the default mechanism
is used.
</p>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-9"></a>
<a name="index-Passing-by-descriptor-3"></a>
<p>Passing by descriptor is supported only on the OpenVMS ports of GNAT.
The default behavior for Import_Function is to pass a 64bit descriptor
unless short_descriptor is specified, then a 32bit descriptor is passed.
</p>
<p><code>First_Optional_Parameter</code> applies only to OpenVMS ports of GNAT.
It specifies that the designated parameter and all following parameters
are optional, meaning that they are not passed at the generated code
level (this is distinct from the notion of optional parameters in Ada
where the parameters are passed anyway with the designated optional
parameters).  All optional parameters must be of mode <code>IN</code> and have
default parameter values that are either known at compile time
expressions, or uses of the <code>'Null_Parameter</code> attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fObject"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fProcedure" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Import_Procedure</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Import_Function</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fObject-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Import_Object</h3>
<a name="index-Import_005fObject"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Import_Object
     [Internal =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Size     =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma designates an object as imported, and apart from the
extended rules for external symbols, is identical in effect to the use of
the normal <code>Import</code> pragma applied to an object.  Unlike the
subprogram case, you need not use a separate <code>Import</code> pragma,
although you may do so (and probably should do so from a portability
point of view).  <var>size</var> is syntax checked, but otherwise ignored by
GNAT.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fProcedure"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fObject" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Import_Object</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fProcedure-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Import_Procedure</h3>
<a name="index-Import_005fProcedure"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Import_Procedure (
     [Internal                 =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External                 =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Parameter_Types          =&gt;] PARAMETER_TYPES]
  [, [Mechanism                =&gt;] MECHANISM]
  [, [First_Optional_Parameter =&gt;] IDENTIFIER]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION

PARAMETER_TYPES ::=
  null
| TYPE_DESIGNATOR {, TYPE_DESIGNATOR}

TYPE_DESIGNATOR ::=
  subtype_NAME
| subtype_Name ' Access

MECHANISM ::=
  MECHANISM_NAME
| (MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION {, MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION})

MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION ::=
  [formal_parameter_NAME =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME

MECHANISM_NAME ::=
  Value
| Reference
| Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]
| Short_Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]

CLASS_NAME ::= ubs | ubsb | uba | s | sb | a | nca
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical to <code>Import_Function</code> except that it
applies to a procedure rather than a function and the parameters
<code>Result_Type</code> and <code>Result_Mechanism</code> are not permitted.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Independent" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Independent</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fProcedure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Import_Procedure</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</h3>
<a name="index-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Import_Valued_Procedure (
     [Internal                 =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External                 =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Parameter_Types          =&gt;] PARAMETER_TYPES]
  [, [Mechanism                =&gt;] MECHANISM]
  [, [First_Optional_Parameter =&gt;] IDENTIFIER]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION

PARAMETER_TYPES ::=
  null
| TYPE_DESIGNATOR {, TYPE_DESIGNATOR}

TYPE_DESIGNATOR ::=
  subtype_NAME
| subtype_Name ' Access

MECHANISM ::=
  MECHANISM_NAME
| (MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION {, MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION})

MECHANISM_ASSOCIATION ::=
  [formal_parameter_NAME =&gt;] MECHANISM_NAME

MECHANISM_NAME ::=
  Value
| Reference
| Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]
| Short_Descriptor [([Class =&gt;] CLASS_NAME)]

CLASS_NAME ::= ubs | ubsb | uba | s | sb | a | nca
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical to <code>Import_Procedure</code> except that the
first parameter of <var>LOCAL_NAME</var>, which must be present, must be of
mode <code>OUT</code>, and externally the subprogram is treated as a function
with this parameter as the result of the function.  The purpose of this
capability is to allow the use of <code>OUT</code> and <code>IN OUT</code>
parameters in interfacing to external functions (which are not permitted
in Ada functions).  You may optionally use the <code>Mechanism</code>
parameters to specify passing mechanisms for the parameters.
If you specify a single mechanism name, it applies to all parameters.
Otherwise you may specify a mechanism on a parameter by parameter
basis using either positional or named notation.  If the mechanism is not
specified, the default mechanism is used.
</p>
<p>Note that it is important to use this pragma in conjunction with a separate
pragma Import that specifies the desired convention, since otherwise the
default convention is Ada, which is almost certainly not what is required.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Independent"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Independent_005fComponents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Independent_Components</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Independent-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Independent</h3>
<a name="index-Independent"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Independent (Local_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2012 mode (which also provides an aspect
of the same name). It is also available as an implementation-defined
pragma in all earlier versions. It specifies that the
designated object or all objects of the designated type must be
independently addressable. This means that separate tasks can safely
manipulate such objects. For example, if two components of a record are
independent, then two separate tasks may access these two components.
This may place
constraints on the representation of the object (for instance prohibiting
tight packing).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Independent_005fComponents"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Independent" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Independent</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Independent_005fComponents-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Independent_Components</h3>
<a name="index-Independent_005fComponents"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Independent_Components (Local_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2012 mode (which also provides an aspect
of the same name). It is also available as an implementation-defined
pragma in all earlier versions. It specifies that the components of the
designated object, or the components of each object of the designated
type, must be
independently addressable. This means that separate tasks can safely
manipulate separate components in the composite object. This may place
constraints on the representation of the object (for instance prohibiting
tight packing).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fAlways" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Inline_Always</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Independent_005fComponents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Independent_Components</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</h3>
<a name="index-Initialize_005fScalars"></a>
<a name="index-debugging-with-Initialize_005fScalars"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Initialize_Scalars;
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is similar to <code>Normalize_Scalars</code> conceptually but has
two important differences.  First, there is no requirement for the pragma
to be used uniformly in all units of a partition, in particular, it is fine
to use this just for some or all of the application units of a partition,
without needing to recompile the run-time library.
</p>
<p>In the case where some units are compiled with the pragma, and some without,
then a declaration of a variable where the type is defined in package
Standard or is locally declared will always be subject to initialization,
as will any declaration of a scalar variable.  For composite variables,
whether the variable is initialized may also depend on whether the package
in which the type of the variable is declared is compiled with the pragma.
</p>
<p>The other important difference is that you can control the value used
for initializing scalar objects.  At bind time, you can select several
options for initialization. You can
initialize with invalid values (similar to Normalize_Scalars, though for
Initialize_Scalars it is not always possible to determine the invalid
values in complex cases like signed component fields with non-standard
sizes). You can also initialize with high or
low values, or with a specified bit pattern.  See the GNAT
User&rsquo;s Guide for binder options for specifying these cases.
</p>
<p>This means that you can compile a program, and then without having to
recompile the program, you can run it with different values being used
for initializing otherwise uninitialized values, to test if your program
behavior depends on the choice.  Of course the behavior should not change,
and if it does, then most likely you have an erroneous reference to an
uninitialized value.
</p>
<p>It is even possible to change the value at execution time eliminating even
the need to rebind with a different switch using an environment variable.
See the GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide for details.
</p>
<p>Note that pragma <code>Initialize_Scalars</code> is particularly useful in
conjunction with the enhanced validity checking that is now provided
in GNAT, which checks for invalid values under more conditions.
Using this feature (see description of the <samp>-gnatV</samp> flag in the
GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide) in conjunction with
pragma <code>Initialize_Scalars</code>
provides a powerful new tool to assist in the detection of problems
caused by uninitialized variables.
</p>
<p>Note: the use of <code>Initialize_Scalars</code> has a fairly extensive
effect on the generated code. This may cause your code to be
substantially larger. It may also cause an increase in the amount
of stack required, so it is probably a good idea to turn on stack
checking (see description of stack checking in the GNAT
User&rsquo;s Guide) when using this pragma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Inline_005fAlways"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Inline_Generic</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Inline_005fAlways-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Inline_Always</h3>
<a name="index-Inline_005fAlways"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Inline_Always (NAME [, NAME]);
</pre></div>

<p>Similar to pragma <code>Inline</code> except that inlining is not subject to
the use of option <samp>-gnatn</samp> or <samp>-gnatN</samp> and the inlining
happens regardless of whether these options are used.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Interface" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Interface</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fAlways" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Inline_Always</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Inline_Generic</h3>
<a name="index-Inline_005fGeneric"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Inline_Generic (generic_package_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This is implemented for compatibility with DEC Ada 83 and is recognized,
but otherwise ignored, by GNAT.  All generic instantiations are inlined
by default when using GNAT.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Interface"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Interface_005fName" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Interface_Name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Inline_Generic</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Interface-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Interface</h3>
<a name="index-Interface"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Interface (
     [Convention    =&gt;] convention_identifier,
     [Entity        =&gt;] local_NAME
  [, [External_Name =&gt;] static_string_expression]
  [, [Link_Name     =&gt;] static_string_expression]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical in syntax and semantics to
the standard Ada pragma <code>Import</code>.  It is provided for compatibility
with Ada 83.  The definition is upwards compatible both with pragma
<code>Interface</code> as defined in the Ada 83 Reference Manual, and also
with some extended implementations of this pragma in certain Ada 83
implementations.  The only difference between pragma <code>Interface</code>
and pragma <code>Import</code> is that there is special circuitry to allow
both pragmas to appear for the same subprogram entity (normally it
is illegal to have multiple <code>Import</code> pragmas. This is useful in
maintaining Ada 83/Ada 95 compatibility and is compatible with other
Ada 83 compilers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Interface_005fName"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Interface" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Interface</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Interface_005fName-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Interface_Name</h3>
<a name="index-Interface_005fName"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Interface_Name (
     [Entity        =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME
  [, [External_Name =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION]
  [, [Link_Name     =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma provides an alternative way of specifying the interface name
for an interfaced subprogram, and is provided for compatibility with Ada
83 compilers that use the pragma for this purpose.  You must provide at
least one of <var>External_Name</var> or <var>Link_Name</var>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fState" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Interrupt_State</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Interface_005fName" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Interface_Name</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</h3>
<a name="index-Interrupt_005fHandler"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Interrupt_Handler (procedure_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This program unit pragma is supported for parameterless protected procedures
as described in Annex C of the Ada Reference Manual. On the AAMP target
the pragma can also be specified for nonprotected parameterless procedures
that are declared at the library level (which includes procedures
declared at the top level of a library package). In the case of AAMP,
when this pragma is applied to a nonprotected procedure, the instruction
<code>IERET</code> is generated for returns from the procedure, enabling
maskable interrupts, in place of the normal return instruction.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Interrupt_005fState"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Invariant" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Invariant</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Interrupt_005fState-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Interrupt_State</h3>
<a name="index-Interrupt_005fState"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Interrupt_State
 ([Name  =&gt;] value,
  [State =&gt;] SYSTEM | RUNTIME | USER);
</pre></div>

<p>Normally certain interrupts are reserved to the implementation.  Any attempt
to attach an interrupt causes Program_Error to be raised, as described in
RM C.3.2(22).  A typical example is the <code>SIGINT</code> interrupt used in
many systems for an <kbd>Ctrl-C</kbd> interrupt.  Normally this interrupt is
reserved to the implementation, so that <kbd>Ctrl-C</kbd> can be used to
interrupt execution.  Additionally, signals such as <code>SIGSEGV</code>,
<code>SIGABRT</code>, <code>SIGFPE</code> and <code>SIGILL</code> are often mapped to specific
Ada exceptions, or used to implement run-time functions such as the
<code>abort</code> statement and stack overflow checking.
</p>
<p>Pragma <code>Interrupt_State</code> provides a general mechanism for overriding
such uses of interrupts.  It subsumes the functionality of pragma
<code>Unreserve_All_Interrupts</code>.  Pragma <code>Interrupt_State</code> is not
available on Windows or VMS.  On all other platforms than VxWorks,
it applies to signals; on VxWorks, it applies to vectored hardware interrupts
and may be used to mark interrupts required by the board support package
as reserved.
</p>
<p>Interrupts can be in one of three states:
</p><ul>
<li> System

<p>The interrupt is reserved (no Ada handler can be installed), and the
Ada run-time may not install a handler. As a result you are guaranteed
standard system default action if this interrupt is raised.
</p>
</li><li> Runtime

<p>The interrupt is reserved (no Ada handler can be installed). The run time
is allowed to install a handler for internal control purposes, but is
not required to do so.
</p>
</li><li> User

<p>The interrupt is unreserved.  The user may install a handler to provide
some other action.
</p></li></ul>

<p>These states are the allowed values of the <code>State</code> parameter of the
pragma.  The <code>Name</code> parameter is a value of the type
<code>Ada.Interrupts.Interrupt_ID</code>.  Typically, it is a name declared in
<code>Ada.Interrupts.Names</code>.
</p>
<p>This is a configuration pragma, and the binder will check that there
are no inconsistencies between different units in a partition in how a
given interrupt is specified. It may appear anywhere a pragma is legal.
</p>
<p>The effect is to move the interrupt to the specified state.
</p>
<p>By declaring interrupts to be SYSTEM, you guarantee the standard system
action, such as a core dump.
</p>
<p>By declaring interrupts to be USER, you guarantee that you can install
a handler.
</p>
<p>Note that certain signals on many operating systems cannot be caught and
handled by applications.  In such cases, the pragma is ignored.  See the
operating system documentation, or the value of the array <code>Reserved</code>
declared in the spec of package <code>System.OS_Interface</code>.
</p>
<p>Overriding the default state of signals used by the Ada runtime may interfere
with an application&rsquo;s runtime behavior in the cases of the synchronous signals,
and in the case of the signal used to implement the <code>abort</code> statement.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Invariant"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Keep_005fNames" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Keep_Names</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fState" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Interrupt_State</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Invariant-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Invariant</h3>
<a name="index-Invariant"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Invariant
  ([Entity =&gt;]    private_type_LOCAL_NAME,
   [Check  =&gt;]    EXPRESSION
   [,[Message =&gt;] String_Expression]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma provides exactly the same capabilities as the Type_Invariant aspect
defined in AI05-0146-1, and in the Ada 2012 Reference Manual. The
Type_Invariant aspect is fully implemented in Ada 2012 mode, but since it
requires the use of the aspect syntax, which is not available except in 2012
mode, it is not possible to use the Type_Invariant aspect in earlier versions
of Ada. However the Invariant pragma may be used in any version of Ada. Also
note that the aspect Invariant is a synonym in GNAT for the aspect
Type_Invariant, but there is no pragma Type_Invariant.
</p>
<p>The pragma must appear within the visible part of the package specification,
after the type to which its Entity argument appears. As with the Invariant
aspect, the Check expression is not analyzed until the end of the visible
part of the package, so it may contain forward references. The Message
argument, if present, provides the exception message used if the invariant
is violated. If no Message parameter is provided, a default message that
identifies the line on which the pragma appears is used.
</p>
<p>It is permissible to have multiple Invariants for the same type entity, in
which case they are and&rsquo;ed together. It is permissible to use this pragma
in Ada 2012 mode, but you cannot have both an invariant aspect and an
invariant pragma for the same entity.
</p>
<p>For further details on the use of this pragma, see the Ada 2012 documentation
of the Type_Invariant aspect.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Keep_005fNames"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-License" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma License</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Invariant" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Invariant</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Keep_005fNames-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Keep_Names</h3>
<a name="index-Keep_005fNames"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Keep_Names ([On =&gt;] enumeration_first_subtype_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>The <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> argument
must refer to an enumeration first subtype
in the current declarative part. The effect is to retain the enumeration
literal names for use by <code>Image</code> and <code>Value</code> even if a global
<code>Discard_Names</code> pragma applies. This is useful when you want to
generally suppress enumeration literal names and for example you therefore
use a <code>Discard_Names</code> pragma in the <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file, but you
want to retain the names for specific enumeration types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-License"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Link_005fWith" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Link_With</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Keep_005fNames" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Keep_Names</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-License-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma License</h3>
<a name="index-License"></a>
<a name="index-License-checking"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma License (Unrestricted | GPL | Modified_GPL | Restricted);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is provided to allow automated checking for appropriate license
conditions with respect to the standard and modified GPL.  A pragma
<code>License</code>, which is a configuration pragma that typically appears at
the start of a source file or in a separate <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file, specifies
the licensing conditions of a unit as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Unrestricted
This is used for a unit that can be freely used with no license restrictions.
Examples of such units are public domain units, and units from the Ada
Reference Manual.

</li><li> GPL
This is used for a unit that is licensed under the unmodified GPL, and which
therefore cannot be <code>with</code>&rsquo;ed by a restricted unit.

</li><li> Modified_GPL
This is used for a unit licensed under the GNAT modified GPL that includes
a special exception paragraph that specifically permits the inclusion of
the unit in programs without requiring the entire program to be released
under the GPL.

</li><li> Restricted
This is used for a unit that is restricted in that it is not permitted to
depend on units that are licensed under the GPL.  Typical examples are
proprietary code that is to be released under more restrictive license
conditions.  Note that restricted units are permitted to <code>with</code> units
which are licensed under the modified GPL (this is the whole point of the
modified GPL).

</li></ul>

<p>Normally a unit with no <code>License</code> pragma is considered to have an
unknown license, and no checking is done.  However, standard GNAT headers
are recognized, and license information is derived from them as follows.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
A GNAT license header starts with a line containing 78 hyphens.  The following
comment text is searched for the appearance of any of the following strings.

<p>If the string &ldquo;GNU General Public License&rdquo; is found, then the unit is assumed
to have GPL license, unless the string &ldquo;As a special exception&rdquo; follows, in
which case the license is assumed to be modified GPL.
</p>
<p>If one of the strings
&ldquo;This specification is adapted from the Ada Semantic Interface&rdquo; or
&ldquo;This specification is derived from the Ada Reference Manual&rdquo; is found
then the unit is assumed to be unrestricted.
</p></li></ul>

<p>These default actions means that a program with a restricted license pragma
will automatically get warnings if a GPL unit is inappropriately
<code>with</code>&rsquo;ed.  For example, the program:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">with Sem_Ch3;
with GNAT.Sockets;
procedure Secret_Stuff is
  &hellip;
end Secret_Stuff
</pre></div>

<p>if compiled with pragma <code>License</code> (<code>Restricted</code>) in a
<samp>gnat.adc</samp> file will generate the warning:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">1.  with Sem_Ch3;
        |
   &gt;&gt;&gt; license of withed unit &quot;Sem_Ch3&quot; is incompatible

2.  with GNAT.Sockets;
3.  procedure Secret_Stuff is
</pre></div>

<p>Here we get a warning on <code>Sem_Ch3</code> since it is part of the GNAT
compiler and is licensed under the
GPL, but no warning for <code>GNAT.Sockets</code> which is part of the GNAT
run time, and is therefore licensed under the modified GPL.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Link_005fWith"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fAlias" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Linker_Alias</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-License" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma License</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Link_005fWith-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Link_With</h3>
<a name="index-Link_005fWith"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Link_With (static_string_EXPRESSION {,static_string_EXPRESSION});
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is provided for compatibility with certain Ada 83 compilers.
It has exactly the same effect as pragma <code>Linker_Options</code> except
that spaces occurring within one of the string expressions are treated
as separators. For example, in the following case:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Link_With (&quot;-labc -ldef&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>results in passing the strings <code>-labc</code> and <code>-ldef</code> as two
separate arguments to the linker. In addition pragma Link_With allows
multiple arguments, with the same effect as successive pragmas.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fAlias"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Linker_Constructor</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Link_005fWith" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Link_With</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fAlias-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Linker_Alias</h3>
<a name="index-Linker_005fAlias"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Linker_Alias (
  [Entity =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
  [Target =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p><var>LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to an object that is declared at the library
level. This pragma establishes the given entity as a linker alias for the
given target. It is equivalent to <code>__attribute__((alias))</code> in GNU C
and causes <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> to be emitted as an alias for the symbol
<var>static_string_EXPRESSION</var> in the object file, that is to say no space
is reserved for <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> by the assembler and it will be resolved
to the same address as <var>static_string_EXPRESSION</var> by the linker.
</p>
<p>The actual linker name for the target must be used (e.g. the fully
encoded name with qualification in Ada, or the mangled name in C++),
or it must be declared using the C convention with <code>pragma Import</code>
or <code>pragma Export</code>.
</p>
<p>Not all target machines support this pragma. On some of them it is accepted
only if <code>pragma Weak_External</code> has been applied to <var>LOCAL_NAME</var>.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">--  Example of the use of pragma Linker_Alias

package p is
  i : Integer := 1;
  pragma Export (C, i);

  new_name_for_i : Integer;
  pragma Linker_Alias (new_name_for_i, &quot;i&quot;);
end p;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Linker_Destructor</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fAlias" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Linker_Alias</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Linker_Constructor</h3>
<a name="index-Linker_005fConstructor"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Linker_Constructor (procedure_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p><var>procedure_LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to a parameterless procedure that
is declared at the library level. A procedure to which this pragma is
applied will be treated as an initialization routine by the linker.
It is equivalent to <code>__attribute__((constructor))</code> in GNU C and
causes <var>procedure_LOCAL_NAME</var> to be invoked before the entry point
of the executable is called (or immediately after the shared library is
loaded if the procedure is linked in a shared library), in particular
before the Ada run-time environment is set up.
</p>
<p>Because of these specific contexts, the set of operations such a procedure
can perform is very limited and the type of objects it can manipulate is
essentially restricted to the elementary types. In particular, it must only
contain code to which pragma Restrictions (No_Elaboration_Code) applies.
</p>
<p>This pragma is used by GNAT to implement auto-initialization of shared Stand
Alone Libraries, which provides a related capability without the restrictions
listed above. Where possible, the use of Stand Alone Libraries is preferable
to the use of this pragma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fSection" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Linker_Section</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Linker_Constructor</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Linker_Destructor</h3>
<a name="index-Linker_005fDestructor"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Linker_Destructor (procedure_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p><var>procedure_LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to a parameterless procedure that
is declared at the library level. A procedure to which this pragma is
applied will be treated as a finalization routine by the linker.
It is equivalent to <code>__attribute__((destructor))</code> in GNU C and
causes <var>procedure_LOCAL_NAME</var> to be invoked after the entry point
of the executable has exited (or immediately before the shared library
is unloaded if the procedure is linked in a shared library), in particular
after the Ada run-time environment is shut down.
</p>
<p>See <code>pragma Linker_Constructor</code> for the set of restrictions that apply
because of these specific contexts.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fSection"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Long_Float</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Linker_Destructor</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Linker_005fSection-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Linker_Section</h3>
<a name="index-Linker_005fSection"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Linker_Section (
  [Entity  =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
  [Section =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p><var>LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to an object that is declared at the library
level. This pragma specifies the name of the linker section for the given
entity. It is equivalent to <code>__attribute__((section))</code> in GNU C and
causes <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> to be placed in the <var>static_string_EXPRESSION</var>
section of the executable (assuming the linker doesn&rsquo;t rename the section).
</p>
<p>The compiler normally places library-level objects in standard sections
depending on their type: procedures and functions generally go in the
<code>.text</code> section, initialized variables in the <code>.data</code> section
and uninitialized variables in the <code>.bss</code> section.
</p>
<p>Other, special sections may exist on given target machines to map special
hardware, for example I/O ports or flash memory. This pragma is a means to
defer the final layout of the executable to the linker, thus fully working
at the symbolic level with the compiler.
</p>
<p>Some file formats do not support arbitrary sections so not all target
machines support this pragma. The use of this pragma may cause a program
execution to be erroneous if it is used to place an entity into an
inappropriate section (e.g. a modified variable into the <code>.text</code>
section). See also <code>pragma Persistent_BSS</code>.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">--  Example of the use of pragma Linker_Section

package IO_Card is
  Port_A : Integer;
  pragma Volatile (Port_A);
  pragma Linker_Section (Port_A, &quot;.bss.port_a&quot;);

  Port_B : Integer;
  pragma Volatile (Port_B);
  pragma Linker_Section (Port_B, &quot;.bss.port_b&quot;);
end IO_Card;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Long_005fFloat"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Loop_Optimize</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fSection" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Linker_Section</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Long_005fFloat-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Long_Float</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-10"></a>
<a name="index-Long_005fFloat"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Long_Float (FLOAT_FORMAT);

FLOAT_FORMAT ::= D_Float | G_Float
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is implemented only in the OpenVMS implementation of GNAT.
It allows control over the internal representation chosen for the predefined
type <code>Long_Float</code> and for floating point type representations with
<code>digits</code> specified in the range 7 through 15.
For further details on this pragma, see the
<cite>DEC Ada Language Reference Manual</cite>, section 3.5.7b.  Note that to use
this pragma, the standard runtime libraries must be recompiled.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Machine_Attribute</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Long_Float</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Loop_Optimize</h3>
<a name="index-Loop_005fOptimize"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Loop_Optimize (OPTIMIZATION_HINT {, OPTIMIZATION_HINT});

OPTIMIZATION_HINT ::= No_Unroll | Unroll | No_Vector | Vector
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma must appear immediately within a loop statement.  It allows the
programmer to specify optimization hints for the enclosing loop.  The hints
are not mutually exclusive and can be freely mixed, but not all combinations
will yield a sensible outcome.
</p>
<p>There are four supported optimization hints for a loop:
</p><ul>
<li> No_Unroll

<p>The loop must not be unrolled.  This is a strong hint: the compiler will not
unroll a loop marked with this hint.
</p>
</li><li> Unroll

<p>The loop should be unrolled.  This is a weak hint: the compiler will try to
apply unrolling to this loop preferably to other optimizations, notably
vectorization, but there is no guarantee that the loop will be unrolled.
</p>
</li><li> No_Vector

<p>The loop must not be vectorized.  This is a strong hint: the compiler will not
vectorize a loop marked with this hint.
</p>
</li><li> Vector

<p>The loop should be vectorized.  This is a weak hint: the compiler will try to
apply vectorization to this loop preferably to other optimizations, notably
unrolling, but there is no guarantee that the loop will be vectorized.
</p>
</li></ul>

<p>These hints do not void the need to pass the appropriate switches to the
compiler in order to enable the relevant optimizations, that is to say
<samp>-funroll-loops</samp> for unrolling and <samp>-ftree-vectorize</samp> for
vectorization.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Main" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Main</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Loop_Optimize</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Machine_Attribute</h3>
<a name="index-Machine_005fAttribute"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Machine_Attribute (
     [Entity         =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
     [Attribute_Name =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION
  [, [Info           =&gt;] static_EXPRESSION] );
</pre></div>

<p>Machine-dependent attributes can be specified for types and/or
declarations.  This pragma is semantically equivalent to
<code>__attribute__((<var>attribute_name</var>))</code> (if <var>info</var> is not
specified) or <code>__attribute__((<var>attribute_name</var>(<var>info</var>)))</code>
in GNU C, where <code><var>attribute_name</var></code> is recognized by the
compiler middle-end or the <code>TARGET_ATTRIBUTE_TABLE</code> machine
specific macro.  A string literal for the optional parameter <var>info</var>
is transformed into an identifier, which may make this pragma unusable
for some attributes.  See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/Target-Attributes.html#Target-Attributes">Defining target-specific
uses of <code>__attribute__</code></a> in <cite>GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
Internals</cite>, further information.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Main"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Main_Storage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Machine_Attribute</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Main-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Main</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-11"></a>
<a name="index-Main"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Main
 (MAIN_OPTION [, MAIN_OPTION]);

MAIN_OPTION ::=
  [Stack_Size              =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION
| [Task_Stack_Size_Default =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION
| [Time_Slicing_Enabled    =&gt;] static_boolean_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is provided for compatibility with OpenVMS VAX Systems.  It has
no effect in GNAT, other than being syntax checked.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Main_005fStorage"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fBody" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma No_Body</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Main" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Main</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Main_005fStorage-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Main_Storage</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-12"></a>
<a name="index-Main_005fStorage"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Main_Storage
  (MAIN_STORAGE_OPTION [, MAIN_STORAGE_OPTION]);

MAIN_STORAGE_OPTION ::=
  [WORKING_STORAGE =&gt;] static_SIMPLE_EXPRESSION
| [TOP_GUARD       =&gt;] static_SIMPLE_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is provided for compatibility with OpenVMS VAX Systems.  It has
no effect in GNAT, other than being syntax checked.  Note that the pragma
also has no effect in DEC Ada 83 for OpenVMS Alpha Systems.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fBody"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fInline" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma No_Inline</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Main_Storage</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fBody-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma No_Body</h3>
<a name="index-No_005fBody"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma No_Body;
</pre></div>

<p>There are a number of cases in which a package spec does not require a body,
and in fact a body is not permitted. GNAT will not permit the spec to be
compiled if there is a body around. The pragma No_Body allows you to provide
a body file, even in a case where no body is allowed. The body file must
contain only comments and a single No_Body pragma. This is recognized by
the compiler as indicating that no body is logically present.
</p>
<p>This is particularly useful during maintenance when a package is modified in
such a way that a body needed before is no longer needed. The provision of a
dummy body with a No_Body pragma ensures that there is no interference from
earlier versions of the package body.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fInline"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fReturn" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma No_Return</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fBody" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma No_Body</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fInline-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma No_Inline</h3>
<a name="index-No_005fInline"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma No_Inline (NAME [, NAME]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma suppresses inlining for the callable entity or the instances of
the generic subprogram designated by <var>NAME</var>, including inlining that
results from the use of pragma <code>Inline</code>.  This pragma is always active,
in particular it is not subject to the use of option <samp>-gnatn</samp> or
<samp>-gnatN</samp>.  It is illegal to specify both pragma <code>No_Inline</code> and
pragma <code>Inline_Always</code> for the same <var>NAME</var>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fReturn"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fInline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma No_Inline</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fReturn-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma No_Return</h3>
<a name="index-No_005fReturn"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma No_Return (procedure_LOCAL_NAME {, procedure_LOCAL_NAME});
</pre></div>

<p>Each <var>procedure_LOCAL_NAME</var> argument must refer to one or more procedure
declarations in the current declarative part.  A procedure to which this
pragma is applied may not contain any explicit <code>return</code> statements.
In addition, if the procedure contains any implicit returns from falling
off the end of a statement sequence, then execution of that implicit
return will cause Program_Error to be raised.
</p>
<p>One use of this pragma is to identify procedures whose only purpose is to raise
an exception. Another use of this pragma is to suppress incorrect warnings
about missing returns in functions, where the last statement of a function
statement sequence is a call to such a procedure.
</p>
<p>Note that in Ada 2005 mode, this pragma is part of the language. It is
available in all earlier versions of Ada as an implementation-defined
pragma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fReturn" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma No_Return</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing</h3>
<a name="index-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma No_Strict_Aliasing [([Entity =&gt;] type_LOCAL_NAME)];
</pre></div>

<p><var>type_LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to an access type
declaration in the current declarative part.  The effect is to inhibit
strict aliasing optimization for the given type.  The form with no
arguments is a configuration pragma which applies to all access types
declared in units to which the pragma applies. For a detailed
description of the strict aliasing optimization, and the situations
in which it must be suppressed, see <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Optimization-and-Strict-Aliasing">Optimization and Strict
Aliasing</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<p>This pragma currently has no effects on access to unconstrained array types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Obsolescent" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Obsolescent</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</h3>
<a name="index-Normalize_005fScalars"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Normalize_Scalars;
</pre></div>

<p>This is a language defined pragma which is fully implemented in GNAT.  The
effect is to cause all scalar objects that are not otherwise initialized
to be initialized.  The initial values are implementation dependent and
are as follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Standard.Character</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects whose root type is Standard.Character are initialized to
Character&rsquo;Last unless the subtype range excludes NUL (in which case
NUL is used). This choice will always generate an invalid value if
one exists.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Standard.Wide_Character</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects whose root type is Standard.Wide_Character are initialized to
Wide_Character&rsquo;Last unless the subtype range excludes NUL (in which case
NUL is used). This choice will always generate an invalid value if
one exists.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Standard.Wide_Wide_Character</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects whose root type is Standard.Wide_Wide_Character are initialized to
the invalid value 16#FFFF_FFFF# unless the subtype range excludes NUL (in
which case NUL is used). This choice will always generate an invalid value if
one exists.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Integer types</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects of an integer type are treated differently depending on whether
negative values are present in the subtype. If no negative values are
present, then all one bits is used as the initial value except in the
special case where zero is excluded from the subtype, in which case
all zero bits are used. This choice will always generate an invalid
value if one exists.
</p>
<p>For subtypes with negative values present, the largest negative number
is used, except in the unusual case where this largest negative number
is in the subtype, and the largest positive number is not, in which case
the largest positive value is used. This choice will always generate
an invalid value if one exists.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Floating-Point Types</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects of all floating-point types are initialized to all 1-bits. For
standard IEEE format, this corresponds to a NaN (not a number) which is
indeed an invalid value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Fixed-Point Types</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects of all fixed-point types are treated as described above for integers,
with the rules applying to the underlying integer value used to represent
the fixed-point value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Modular types</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects of a modular type are initialized to all one bits, except in
the special case where zero is excluded from the subtype, in which
case all zero bits are used. This choice will always generate an
invalid value if one exists.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Enumeration types</code></dt>
<dd><p>Objects of an enumeration type are initialized to all one-bits, i.e. to
the value <code>2 ** typ'Size - 1</code> unless the subtype excludes the literal
whose Pos value is zero, in which case a code of zero is used. This choice
will always generate an invalid value if one exists.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Obsolescent"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Obsolescent-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Obsolescent</h3>
<a name="index-Obsolescent"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Obsolescent;

pragma Obsolescent (
  [Message =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION
[,[Version =&gt;] Ada_05]]);

pragma Obsolescent (
  [Entity  =&gt;] NAME
[,[Message =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION
[,[Version =&gt;] Ada_05]] );
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma can occur immediately following a declaration of an entity,
including the case of a record component. If no Entity argument is present,
then this declaration is the one to which the pragma applies. If an Entity
parameter is present, it must either match the name of the entity in this
declaration, or alternatively, the pragma can immediately follow an enumeration
type declaration, where the Entity argument names one of the enumeration
literals.
</p>
<p>This pragma is used to indicate that the named entity
is considered obsolescent and should not be used. Typically this is
used when an API must be modified by eventually removing or modifying
existing subprograms or other entities. The pragma can be used at an
intermediate stage when the entity is still present, but will be
removed later.
</p>
<p>The effect of this pragma is to output a warning message on a reference to
an entity thus marked that the subprogram is obsolescent if the appropriate
warning option in the compiler is activated. If the Message parameter is
present, then a second warning message is given containing this text. In
addition, a reference to the entity is considered to be a violation of pragma
Restrictions (No_Obsolescent_Features).
</p>
<p>This pragma can also be used as a program unit pragma for a package,
in which case the entity name is the name of the package, and the
pragma indicates that the entire package is considered
obsolescent. In this case a client <code>with</code>&rsquo;ing such a package
violates the restriction, and the <code>with</code> statement is
flagged with warnings if the warning option is set.
</p>
<p>If the Version parameter is present (which must be exactly
the identifier Ada_05, no other argument is allowed), then the
indication of obsolescence applies only when compiling in Ada 2005
mode. This is primarily intended for dealing with the situations
in the predefined library where subprograms or packages
have become defined as obsolescent in Ada 2005
(e.g. in Ada.Characters.Handling), but may be used anywhere.
</p>
<p>The following examples show typical uses of this pragma:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package p is
   pragma Obsolescent (p, Message =&gt; &quot;use pp instead of p&quot;);
end p;

package q is
   procedure q2;
   pragma Obsolescent (&quot;use q2new instead&quot;);

   type R is new integer;
   pragma Obsolescent
     (Entity  =&gt; R,
      Message =&gt; &quot;use RR in Ada 2005&quot;,
      Version =&gt; Ada_05);

   type M is record
      F1 : Integer;
      F2 : Integer;
      pragma Obsolescent;
      F3 : Integer;
   end record;

   type E is (a, bc, 'd', quack);
   pragma Obsolescent (Entity =&gt; bc)
   pragma Obsolescent (Entity =&gt; 'd')

   function &quot;+&quot;
     (a, b : character) return character;
   pragma Obsolescent (Entity =&gt; &quot;+&quot;);
end;
</pre></div>

<p>Note that, as for all pragmas, if you use a pragma argument identifier,
then all subsequent parameters must also use a pragma argument identifier.
So if you specify &quot;Entity =&gt;&quot; for the Entity argument, and a Message
argument is present, it must be preceded by &quot;Message =&gt;&quot;.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Ordered" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Ordered</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Obsolescent" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Obsolescent</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</h3>
<a name="index-Optimize_005fAlignment"></a>
<a name="index-Alignment_002c-default-settings"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Optimize_Alignment (TIME | SPACE | OFF);
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma which affects the choice of default alignments
for types where no alignment is explicitly specified. There is a time/space
trade-off in the selection of these values. Large alignments result in more
efficient code, at the expense of larger data space, since sizes have to be
increased to match these alignments. Smaller alignments save space, but the
access code is slower. The normal choice of default alignments (which is what
you get if you do not use this pragma, or if you use an argument of OFF),
tries to balance these two requirements.
</p>
<p>Specifying SPACE causes smaller default alignments to be chosen in two cases.
First any packed record is given an alignment of 1. Second, if a size is given
for the type, then the alignment is chosen to avoid increasing this size. For
example, consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is record
      X : Integer;
      Y : Character;
   end record;

   for R'Size use 5*8;
</pre></div>

<p>In the default mode, this type gets an alignment of 4, so that access to the
Integer field X are efficient. But this means that objects of the type end up
with a size of 8 bytes. This is a valid choice, since sizes of objects are
allowed to be bigger than the size of the type, but it can waste space if for
example fields of type R appear in an enclosing record. If the above type is
compiled in <code>Optimize_Alignment (Space)</code> mode, the alignment is set to 1.
</p>
<p>However, there is one case in which SPACE is ignored. If a variable length
record (that is a discriminated record with a component which is an array
whose length depends on a discriminant), has a pragma Pack, then it is not
in general possible to set the alignment of such a record to one, so the
pragma is ignored in this case (with a warning).
</p>
<p>Specifying TIME causes larger default alignments to be chosen in the case of
small types with sizes that are not a power of 2. For example, consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is record
      A : Character;
      B : Character;
      C : Boolean;
   end record;

   pragma Pack (R);
   for R'Size use 17;
</pre></div>

<p>The default alignment for this record is normally 1, but if this type is
compiled in <code>Optimize_Alignment (Time)</code> mode, then the alignment is set
to 4, which wastes space for objects of the type, since they are now 4 bytes
long, but results in more efficient access when the whole record is referenced.
</p>
<p>As noted above, this is a configuration pragma, and there is a requirement
that all units in a partition be compiled with a consistent setting of the
optimization setting. This would normally be achieved by use of a configuration
pragma file containing the appropriate setting. The exception to this rule is
that units with an explicit configuration pragma in the same file as the source
unit are excluded from the consistency check, as are all predefined units. The
latter are compiled by default in pragma Optimize_Alignment (Off) mode if no
pragma appears at the start of the file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Ordered"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Ordered-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Ordered</h3>
<a name="index-Ordered"></a>
<a name="index-pragma-Ordered"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Ordered (enumeration_first_subtype_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>Most enumeration types are from a conceptual point of view unordered.
For example, consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Color is (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow);
</pre></div>

<p>By Ada semantics <code>Blue &gt; Red</code> and <code>Green &gt; Blue</code>,
but really these relations make no sense; the enumeration type merely
specifies a set of possible colors, and the order is unimportant.
</p>
<p>For unordered enumeration types, it is generally a good idea if
clients avoid comparisons (other than equality or inequality) and
explicit ranges. (A <em>client</em> is a unit where the type is referenced,
other than the unit where the type is declared, its body, and its subunits.)
For example, if code buried in some client says:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">if Current_Color &lt; Yellow then ...
if Current_Color in Blue .. Green then ...
</pre></div>

<p>then the client code is relying on the order, which is undesirable.
It makes the code hard to read and creates maintenance difficulties if
entries have to be added to the enumeration type. Instead,
the code in the client should list the possibilities, or an
appropriate subtype should be declared in the unit that declares
the original enumeration type. E.g., the following subtype could
be declared along with the type <code>Color</code>:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">subtype RBG is Color range Red .. Green;
</pre></div>

<p>and then the client could write:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">if Current_Color in RBG then ...
if Current_Color = Blue or Current_Color = Green then ...
</pre></div>

<p>However, some enumeration types are legitimately ordered from a conceptual
point of view. For example, if you declare:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Day is (Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun);
</pre></div>

<p>then the ordering imposed by the language is reasonable, and
clients can depend on it, writing for example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">if D in Mon .. Fri then ...
if D &lt; Wed then ...
</pre></div>

<p>The pragma <samp>Ordered</samp> is provided to mark enumeration types that
are conceptually ordered, alerting the reader that clients may depend
on the ordering. GNAT provides a pragma to mark enumerations as ordered
rather than one to mark them as unordered, since in our experience,
the great majority of enumeration types are conceptually unordered.
</p>
<p>The types <code>Boolean</code>, <code>Character</code>, <code>Wide_Character</code>,
and <code>Wide_Wide_Character</code>
are considered to be ordered types, so each is declared with a
pragma <code>Ordered</code> in package <code>Standard</code>.
</p>
<p>Normally pragma <code>Ordered</code> serves only as documentation and a guide for
coding standards, but GNAT provides a warning switch <samp>-gnatw.u</samp> that
requests warnings for inappropriate uses (comparisons and explicit
subranges) for unordered types. If this switch is used, then any
enumeration type not marked with pragma <code>Ordered</code> will be considered
as unordered, and will generate warnings for inappropriate uses.
</p>
<p>For additional information please refer to the description of the
<samp>-gnatw.u</samp> switch in the GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Overflow_005fMode"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Ordered" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Ordered</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Overflow_005fMode-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Overflow_Mode</h3>
<a name="index-Overflow-checks"></a>
<a name="index-Overflow-mode"></a>
<a name="index-pragma-Overflow_005fMode"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Overflow_Mode
 (  [General    =&gt;] MODE
  [,[Assertions =&gt;] MODE]);

MODE ::= STRICT | MINIMIZED | ELIMINATED
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma sets the current overflow mode to the given setting. For details
of the meaning of these modes, please refer to the
&ldquo;Overflow Check Handling in GNAT&rdquo; appendix in the
GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide. If only the <code>General</code> parameter is present,
the given mode applies to all expressions. If both parameters are present,
the <code>General</code> mode applies to expressions outside assertions, and
the <code>Eliminated</code> mode applies to expressions within assertions.
</p>
<p>The case of the <code>MODE</code> parameter is ignored,
so <code>MINIMIZED</code>, <code>Minimized</code> and
<code>minimized</code> all have the same effect.
</p>
<p>The <code>Overflow_Mode</code> pragma has the same scoping and placement
rules as pragma <code>Suppress</code>, so it can occur either as a
configuration pragma, specifying a default for the whole
program, or in a declarative scope, where it applies to the
remaining declarations and statements in that scope.
</p>
<p>The pragma <code>Suppress (Overflow_Check)</code> suppresses
overflow checking, but does not affect the overflow mode.
</p>
<p>The pragma <code>Unsuppress (Overflow_Check)</code> unsuppresses (enables)
overflow checking, but does not affect the overflow mode.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Passive" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Passive</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</h3>
<a name="index-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy (POLICY_IDENTIFIER);

POLICY_IDENTIFIER ::= Concurrent | Sequential
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2005, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Passive"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Persistent_BSS</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Passive-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Passive</h3>
<a name="index-Passive"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Passive [(Semaphore | No)];
</pre></div>

<p>Syntax checked, but otherwise ignored by GNAT.  This is recognized for
compatibility with DEC Ada 83 implementations, where it is used within a
task definition to request that a task be made passive.  If the argument
<code>Semaphore</code> is present, or the argument is omitted, then DEC Ada 83
treats the pragma as an assertion that the containing task is passive
and that optimization of context switch with this task is permitted and
desired.  If the argument <code>No</code> is present, the task must not be
optimized.  GNAT does not attempt to optimize any tasks in this manner
(since protected objects are available in place of passive tasks).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Polling" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Polling</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Passive" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Passive</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Persistent_BSS</h3>
<a name="index-Persistent_005fBSS"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Persistent_BSS [(LOCAL_NAME)]
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma allows selected objects to be placed in the <code>.persistent_bss</code>
section. On some targets the linker and loader provide for special
treatment of this section, allowing a program to be reloaded without
affecting the contents of this data (hence the name persistent).
</p>
<p>There are two forms of usage. If an argument is given, it must be the
local name of a library level object, with no explicit initialization
and whose type is potentially persistent. If no argument is given, then
the pragma is a configuration pragma, and applies to all library level
objects with no explicit initialization of potentially persistent types.
</p>
<p>A potentially persistent type is a scalar type, or a non-tagged,
non-discriminated record, all of whose components have no explicit
initialization and are themselves of a potentially persistent type,
or an array, all of whose constraints are static, and whose component
type is potentially persistent.
</p>
<p>If this pragma is used on a target where this feature is not supported,
then the pragma will be ignored. See also <code>pragma Linker_Section</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Polling"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Postcondition" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Postcondition</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Persistent_BSS</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Polling-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Polling</h3>
<a name="index-Polling"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Polling (ON | OFF);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma controls the generation of polling code.  This is normally off.
If <code>pragma Polling (ON)</code> is used then periodic calls are generated to
the routine <code>Ada.Exceptions.Poll</code>.  This routine is a separate unit in the
runtime library, and can be found in file <samp>a-excpol.adb</samp>.
</p>
<p>Pragma <code>Polling</code> can appear as a configuration pragma (for example it
can be placed in the <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file) to enable polling globally, or it
can be used in the statement or declaration sequence to control polling
more locally.
</p>
<p>A call to the polling routine is generated at the start of every loop and
at the start of every subprogram call.  This guarantees that the <code>Poll</code>
routine is called frequently, and places an upper bound (determined by
the complexity of the code) on the period between two <code>Poll</code> calls.
</p>
<p>The primary purpose of the polling interface is to enable asynchronous
aborts on targets that cannot otherwise support it (for example Windows
NT), but it may be used for any other purpose requiring periodic polling.
The standard version is null, and can be replaced by a user program.  This
will require re-compilation of the <code>Ada.Exceptions</code> package that can
be found in files <samp>a-except.ads</samp> and <samp>a-except.adb</samp>.
</p>
<p>A standard alternative unit (in file <samp>4wexcpol.adb</samp> in the standard GNAT
distribution) is used to enable the asynchronous abort capability on
targets that do not normally support the capability.  The version of
<code>Poll</code> in this file makes a call to the appropriate runtime routine
to test for an abort condition.
</p>
<p>Note that polling can also be enabled by use of the <samp>-gnatP</samp> switch.
See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Switches-for-gcc">Switches for gcc</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>, for
details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Postcondition"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Polling" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Polling</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Postcondition-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Postcondition</h3>
<a name="index-Postconditions"></a>
<a name="index-Checks_002c-postconditions"></a>
<a name="index-Postconditions-1"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Postcondition (
   [Check   =&gt;] Boolean_Expression
 [,[Message =&gt;] String_Expression]);
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>Postcondition</code> pragma allows specification of automatic
postcondition checks for subprograms. These checks are similar to
assertions, but are automatically inserted just prior to the return
statements of the subprogram with which they are associated (including
implicit returns at the end of procedure bodies and associated
exception handlers).
</p>
<p>In addition, the boolean expression which is the condition which
must be true may contain references to function&rsquo;Result in the case
of a function to refer to the returned value.
</p>
<p><code>Postcondition</code> pragmas may appear either immediately following the
(separate) declaration of a subprogram, or at the start of the
declarations of a subprogram body. Only other pragmas may intervene
(that is appear between the subprogram declaration and its
postconditions, or appear before the postcondition in the
declaration sequence in a subprogram body). In the case of a
postcondition appearing after a subprogram declaration, the
formal arguments of the subprogram are visible, and can be
referenced in the postcondition expressions.
</p>
<p>The postconditions are collected and automatically tested just
before any return (implicit or explicit) in the subprogram body.
A postcondition is only recognized if postconditions are active
at the time the pragma is encountered. The compiler switch <samp>gnata</samp>
turns on all postconditions by default, and pragma <code>Check_Policy</code>
with an identifier of <code>Postcondition</code> can also be used to
control whether postconditions are active.
</p>
<p>The general approach is that postconditions are placed in the spec
if they represent functional aspects which make sense to the client.
For example we might have:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   function Direction return Integer;
   pragma Postcondition
    (Direction'Result = +1
       or else
     Direction'Result = -1);
</pre></div>

<p>which serves to document that the result must be +1 or -1, and
will test that this is the case at run time if postcondition
checking is active.
</p>
<p>Postconditions within the subprogram body can be used to
check that some internal aspect of the implementation,
not visible to the client, is operating as expected.
For instance if a square root routine keeps an internal
counter of the number of times it is called, then we
might have the following postcondition:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   Sqrt_Calls : Natural := 0;

   function Sqrt (Arg : Float) return Float is
     pragma Postcondition
       (Sqrt_Calls = Sqrt_Calls'Old + 1);
     ...
   end Sqrt
</pre></div>

<p>As this example, shows, the use of the <code>Old</code> attribute
is often useful in postconditions to refer to the state on
entry to the subprogram.
</p>
<p>Note that postconditions are only checked on normal returns
from the subprogram. If an abnormal return results from
raising an exception, then the postconditions are not checked.
</p>
<p>If a postcondition fails, then the exception
<code>System.Assertions.Assert_Failure</code> is raised. If
a message argument was supplied, then the given string
will be used as the exception message. If no message
argument was supplied, then the default message has
the form &quot;Postcondition failed at file:line&quot;. The
exception is raised in the context of the subprogram
body, so it is possible to catch postcondition failures
within the subprogram body itself.
</p>
<p>Within a package spec, normal visibility rules
in Ada would prevent forward references within a
postcondition pragma to functions defined later in
the same package. This would introduce undesirable
ordering constraints. To avoid this problem, all
postcondition pragmas are analyzed at the end of
the package spec, allowing forward references.
</p>
<p>The following example shows that this even allows
mutually recursive postconditions as in:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Parity_Functions is
   function Odd  (X : Natural) return Boolean;
   pragma Postcondition
     (Odd'Result =
        (x = 1
          or else
        (x /= 0 and then Even (X - 1))));

   function Even (X : Natural) return Boolean;
   pragma Postcondition
     (Even'Result =
        (x = 0
          or else
        (x /= 1 and then Odd (X - 1))));

end Parity_Functions;
</pre></div>

<p>There are no restrictions on the complexity or form of
conditions used within <code>Postcondition</code> pragmas.
The following example shows that it is even possible
to verify performance behavior.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Sort is

   Performance : constant Float;
   --  Performance constant set by implementation
   --  to match target architecture behavior.

   procedure Treesort (Arg : String);
   --  Sorts characters of argument using N*logN sort
   pragma Postcondition
     (Float (Clock - Clock'Old) &lt;=
        Float (Arg'Length) *
        log (Float (Arg'Length)) *
        Performance);
end Sort;
</pre></div>

<p>Note: postcondition pragmas associated with subprograms that are
marked as Inline_Always, or those marked as Inline with front-end
inlining (-gnatN option set) are accepted and legality-checked
by the compiler, but are ignored at run-time even if postcondition
checking is enabled.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Postcondition" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Postcondition</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</h3>
<a name="index-Preelaborable_005fInitialization"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Preelaborable_Initialization (DIRECT_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2005, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Precondition" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Precondition</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</h3>
<a name="index-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching (
   POLICY_IDENTIFIER,
   first_priority_EXPRESSION,
   last_priority_EXPRESSION)

POLICY_IDENTIFIER ::=
   EDF_Across_Priorities            |
   FIFO_Within_Priorities           |
   Non_Preemptive_Within_Priorities |
   Round_Robin_Within_Priorities
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2005, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Precondition"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Precondition-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Precondition</h3>
<a name="index-Preconditions"></a>
<a name="index-Checks_002c-preconditions"></a>
<a name="index-Preconditions-1"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Precondition (
   [Check   =&gt;] Boolean_Expression
 [,[Message =&gt;] String_Expression]);
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>Precondition</code> pragma is similar to <code>Postcondition</code>
except that the corresponding checks take place immediately upon
entry to the subprogram, and if a precondition fails, the exception
is raised in the context of the caller, and the attribute &rsquo;Result
cannot be used within the precondition expression.
</p>
<p>Otherwise, the placement and visibility rules are identical to those
described for postconditions. The following is an example of use
within a package spec:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Math_Functions is
   ...
   function Sqrt (Arg : Float) return Float;
   pragma Precondition (Arg &gt;= 0.0)
   ...
end Math_Functions;
</pre></div>

<p><code>Precondition</code> pragmas may appear either immediately following the
(separate) declaration of a subprogram, or at the start of the
declarations of a subprogram body. Only other pragmas may intervene
(that is appear between the subprogram declaration and its
postconditions, or appear before the postcondition in the
declaration sequence in a subprogram body).
</p>
<p>Note: postcondition pragmas associated with subprograms that are
marked as Inline_Always, or those marked as Inline with front-end
inlining (-gnatN option set) are accepted and legality-checked
by the compiler, but are ignored at run-time even if postcondition
checking is enabled.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Precondition" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Precondition</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</h3>
<a name="index-Ravenscar"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Profile (Ravenscar | Restricted);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2005, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma. This is a
configuration pragma that establishes the following set of configuration
pragmas:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Task_Dispatching_Policy (FIFO_Within_Priorities)</code></dt>
<dd><p>[RM D.2.2] Tasks are dispatched following a preemptive
priority-ordered scheduling policy.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Locking_Policy (Ceiling_Locking)</code></dt>
<dd><p>[RM D.3] While tasks and interrupts execute a protected action, they inherit
the ceiling priority of the corresponding protected object.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>plus the following set of restrictions:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Max_Entry_Queue_Length =&gt; 1</code></dt>
<dd><p>No task can be queued on a protected entry.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Max_Protected_Entries =&gt; 1</code></dt>
<dt><code>Max_Task_Entries =&gt; 0</code></dt>
<dd><p>No rendezvous statements are allowed.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>No_Abort_Statements</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dynamic_Attachment</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dynamic_Priorities</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Local_Protected_Objects</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Local_Timing_Events</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Protected_Type_Allocators</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Relative_Delay</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Requeue_Statements</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Select_Statements</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Task_Allocators</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Task_Hierarchy</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Task_Termination</code></dt>
<dt><code>Simple_Barriers</code></dt>
</dl>

<p>The Ravenscar profile also includes the following restrictions that specify
that there are no semantic dependences on the corresponding predefined
packages:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>No_Dependence =&gt; Ada.Asynchronous_Task_Control</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dependence =&gt; Ada.Calendar</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dependence =&gt; Ada.Execution_Time.Group_Budget</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dependence =&gt; Ada.Execution_Time.Timers</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dependence =&gt; Ada.Task_Attributes</code></dt>
<dt><code>No_Dependence =&gt; System.Multiprocessors.Dispatching_Domains</code></dt>
</dl>


<p>This set of configuration pragmas and restrictions correspond to the
definition of the &ldquo;Ravenscar Profile&rdquo; for limited tasking, devised and
published by the <cite>International Real-Time Ada Workshop</cite>, 1997,
and whose most recent description is available at
<a href="http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~burns/ravenscar.ps">http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~burns/ravenscar.ps</a>.
</p>
<p>The original definition of the profile was revised at subsequent IRTAW
meetings. It has been included in the ISO
<cite>Guide for the Use of the Ada Programming Language in High
Integrity Systems</cite>, and has been approved by ISO/IEC/SC22/WG9 for inclusion in
the next revision of the standard. The formal definition given by
the Ada Rapporteur Group (ARG) can be found in two Ada Issues (AI-249 and
AI-305) available at
<a href="http://www.ada-auth.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/ais/ai-00249.txt">http://www.ada-auth.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/ais/ai-00249.txt</a> and
<a href="http://www.ada-auth.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/ais/ai-00305.txt">http://www.ada-auth.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/ais/ai-00305.txt</a>.
</p>
<p>The above set is a superset of the restrictions provided by pragma
<code>Profile (Restricted)</code>, it includes six additional restrictions
(<code>Simple_Barriers</code>, <code>No_Select_Statements</code>,
<code>No_Calendar</code>, <code>No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</code>,
<code>No_Relative_Delay</code> and <code>No_Task_Termination</code>).  This means
that pragma <code>Profile (Ravenscar)</code>, like the pragma
<code>Profile (Restricted)</code>,
automatically causes the use of a simplified,
more efficient version of the tasking run-time system.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Profile (Rational)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</h3>
<a name="index-Restricted-Run-Time"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Profile (Restricted);
</pre></div>

<p>This is an implementation-defined version of the standard pragma defined
in Ada 2005. It is available in all versions of Ada. It is a
configuration pragma that establishes the following set of restrictions:
</p>
<ul>
<li> No_Abort_Statements
</li><li> No_Entry_Queue
</li><li> No_Task_Hierarchy
</li><li> No_Task_Allocators
</li><li> No_Dynamic_Priorities
</li><li> No_Terminate_Alternatives
</li><li> No_Dynamic_Attachment
</li><li> No_Protected_Type_Allocators
</li><li> No_Local_Protected_Objects
</li><li> No_Requeue_Statements
</li><li> No_Task_Attributes_Package
</li><li> Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting =  0
</li><li> Max_Task_Entries =  0
</li><li> Max_Protected_Entries = 1
</li><li> Max_Select_Alternatives = 0
</li></ul>

<p>This set of restrictions causes the automatic selection of a simplified
version of the run time that provides improved performance for the
limited set of tasking functionality permitted by this set of restrictions.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Psect_005fObject" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Psect_Object</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Profile (Rational)</h3>
<a name="index-Rational-compatibility-mode"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Profile (Rational);
</pre></div>

<p>The Rational profile is intended to facilitate porting legacy code that
compiles with the Rational APEX compiler, even when the code includes non-
conforming Ada constructs.  The profile enables the following three pragmas:
</p>
<ul>
<li>pragma Implicit_Packing;
pragma Overriding_Renamings;
pragma Use_VADS_Size;
</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Psect_005fObject"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Pure_Function</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Profile (Rational)</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Psect_005fObject-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Psect_Object</h3>
<a name="index-Psect_005fObject"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Psect_Object (
     [Internal =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
  [, [External =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]
  [, [Size     =&gt;] EXTERNAL_SYMBOL]);

EXTERNAL_SYMBOL ::=
  IDENTIFIER
| static_string_EXPRESSION
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is identical in effect to pragma <code>Common_Object</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Pure_005fFunction"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Relative_Deadline</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Psect_005fObject" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Psect_Object</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Pure_005fFunction-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Pure_Function</h3>
<a name="index-Pure_005fFunction"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Pure_Function ([Entity =&gt;] function_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma appears in the same declarative part as a function
declaration (or a set of function declarations if more than one
overloaded declaration exists, in which case the pragma applies
to all entities).  It specifies that the function <code>Entity</code> is
to be considered pure for the purposes of code generation.  This means
that the compiler can assume that there are no side effects, and
in particular that two calls with identical arguments produce the
same result.  It also means that the function can be used in an
address clause.
</p>
<p>Note that, quite deliberately, there are no static checks to try
to ensure that this promise is met, so <code>Pure_Function</code> can be used
with functions that are conceptually pure, even if they do modify
global variables.  For example, a square root function that is
instrumented to count the number of times it is called is still
conceptually pure, and can still be optimized, even though it
modifies a global variable (the count).  Memo functions are another
example (where a table of previous calls is kept and consulted to
avoid re-computation).
</p>
<p>Note also that the normal rules excluding optimization of subprograms
in pure units (when parameter types are descended from System.Address,
or when the full view of a parameter type is limited), do not apply
for the Pure_Function case. If you explicitly specify Pure_Function,
the compiler may optimize away calls with identical arguments, and
if that results in unexpected behavior, the proper action is not to
use the pragma for subprograms that are not (conceptually) pure.
</p>
<a name="index-Pure"></a>
<p>Note: Most functions in a <code>Pure</code> package are automatically pure, and
there is no need to use pragma <code>Pure_Function</code> for such functions.  One
exception is any function that has at least one formal of type
<code>System.Address</code> or a type derived from it.  Such functions are not
considered pure by default, since the compiler assumes that the
<code>Address</code> parameter may be functioning as a pointer and that the
referenced data may change even if the address value does not.
Similarly, imported functions are not considered to be pure by default,
since there is no way of checking that they are in fact pure.  The use
of pragma <code>Pure_Function</code> for such a function will override these default
assumption, and cause the compiler to treat a designated subprogram as pure
in these cases.
</p>
<p>Note: If pragma <code>Pure_Function</code> is applied to a renamed function, it
applies to the underlying renamed function.  This can be used to
disambiguate cases of overloading where some but not all functions
in a set of overloaded functions are to be designated as pure.
</p>
<p>If pragma <code>Pure_Function</code> is applied to a library level function, the
function is also considered pure from an optimization point of view, but the
unit is not a Pure unit in the categorization sense. So for example, a function
thus marked is free to <code>with</code> non-pure units.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Pure_Function</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Relative_Deadline</h3>
<a name="index-Relative_005fDeadline"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Relative_Deadline (time_span_EXPRESSSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2005, but is available in all earlier
versions of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
See Ada 2012 Reference Manual for details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Relative_Deadline</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</h3>
<a name="index-Remote_005fAccess_005fType"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Remote_Access_Type ([Entity =&gt;] formal_access_type_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma appears in the formal part of a generic declaration.
It specifies an exception to the RM rule from E.2.2(17/2), which forbids
the use of a remote access to class-wide type as actual for a formal
access type.
</p>
<p>When this pragma applies to a formal access type <code>Entity</code>, that
type is treated as a remote access to class-wide type in the generic.
It must be a formal general access type, and its designated type must
be the class-wide type of a formal tagged limited private type from the
same generic declaration.
</p>
<p>In the generic unit, the formal type is subject to all restrictions
pertaining to remote access to class-wide types. At instantiation, the
actual type must be a remote access to class-wide type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Shared" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Shared</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</h3>
<a name="index-Restriction_005fWarnings"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Restriction_Warnings
  (restriction_IDENTIFIER {, restriction_IDENTIFIER});
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma allows a series of restriction identifiers to be
specified (the list of allowed identifiers is the same as for
pragma <code>Restrictions</code>). For each of these identifiers
the compiler checks for violations of the restriction, but
generates a warning message rather than an error message
if the restriction is violated.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Shared"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Shared-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Shared</h3>
<a name="index-Shared"></a>

<p>This pragma is provided for compatibility with Ada 83. The syntax and
semantics are identical to pragma Atomic.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Short_Descriptors</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Shared" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Shared</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</h3>
<a name="index-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr"></a>

<p>This configuration pragma causes any occurrence of the AND operator applied to
operands of type Standard.Boolean to be short-circuited (i.e. the AND operator
is treated as if it were AND THEN). Or is similarly treated as OR ELSE. This
may be useful in the context of certification protocols requiring the use of
short-circuited logical operators. If this configuration pragma occurs locally
within the file being compiled, it applies only to the file being compiled.
There is no requirement that all units in a partition use this option.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Short_Descriptors</h3>
<a name="index-Short_005fDescriptors"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Short_Descriptors
</pre></div>

<p>In VMS versions of the compiler, this configuration pragma causes all
occurrences of the mechanism types Descriptor[_xxx] to be treated as
Short_Descriptor[_xxx]. This is helpful in porting legacy applications from a
32-bit environment to a 64-bit environment. This pragma is ignored for non-VMS
versions.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Source_File_Name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Short_Descriptors</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</h3>
<a name="index-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType"></a>
<a name="index-Storage-pool_002c-simple"></a>
<a name="index-Simple-storage-pool"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type (type_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>A type can be established as a &ldquo;simple storage pool type&rdquo; by applying
the representation pragma <code>Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</code> to the type.
A type named in the pragma must be a library-level immutably limited record
type or limited tagged type declared immediately within a package declaration.
The type can also be a limited private type whose full type is allowed as
a simple storage pool type.
</p>
<p>For a simple storage pool type <var>SSP</var>, nonabstract primitive subprograms
<code>Allocate</code>, <code>Deallocate</code>, and <code>Storage_Size</code> can be declared that
are subtype conformant with the following subprogram declarations:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">procedure Allocate
  (Pool                     : in out SSP;
   Storage_Address          : out System.Address;
   Size_In_Storage_Elements : System.Storage_Elements.Storage_Count;
   Alignment                : System.Storage_Elements.Storage_Count);

procedure Deallocate
  (Pool : in out SSP;
   Storage_Address          : System.Address;
   Size_In_Storage_Elements : System.Storage_Elements.Storage_Count;
   Alignment                : System.Storage_Elements.Storage_Count);

function Storage_Size (Pool : SSP)
  return System.Storage_Elements.Storage_Count;
</pre></div>

<p>Procedure <code>Allocate</code> must be declared, whereas <code>Deallocate</code> and
<code>Storage_Size</code> are optional. If <code>Deallocate</code> is not declared, then
applying an unchecked deallocation has no effect other than to set its actual
parameter to null. If <code>Storage_Size</code> is not declared, then the
<code>Storage_Size</code> attribute applied to an access type associated with
a pool object of type SSP returns zero. Additional operations can be declared
for a simple storage pool type (such as for supporting a mark/release
storage-management discipline).
</p>
<p>An object of a simple storage pool type can be associated with an access
type by specifying the attribute <code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code>. For example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">
My_Pool : My_Simple_Storage_Pool_Type;

type Acc is access My_Data_Type;

for Acc'Simple_Storage_Pool use My_Pool;

</pre></div>

<p>See attribute <code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code> for further details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Source_File_Name</h3>
<a name="index-Source_005fFile_005fName"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Source_File_Name (
  [Unit_Name   =&gt;] unit_NAME,
  Spec_File_Name =&gt;  STRING_LITERAL,
  [Index =&gt; INTEGER_LITERAL]);

pragma Source_File_Name (
  [Unit_Name   =&gt;] unit_NAME,
  Body_File_Name =&gt;  STRING_LITERAL,
  [Index =&gt; INTEGER_LITERAL]);
</pre></div>

<p>Use this to override the normal naming convention.  It is a configuration
pragma, and so has the usual applicability of configuration pragmas
(i.e. it applies to either an entire partition, or to all units in a
compilation, or to a single unit, depending on how it is used.
<var>unit_name</var> is mapped to <var>file_name_literal</var>.  The identifier for
the second argument is required, and indicates whether this is the file
name for the spec or for the body.
</p>
<p>The optional Index argument should be used when a file contains multiple
units, and when you do not want to use <code>gnatchop</code> to separate then
into multiple files (which is the recommended procedure to limit the
number of recompilations that are needed when some sources change).
For instance, if the source file <samp>source.ada</samp> contains
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package B is
...
end B;

with B;
procedure A is
begin
   ..
end A;
</pre></div>

<p>you could use the following configuration pragmas:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Source_File_Name
  (B, Spec_File_Name =&gt; &quot;source.ada&quot;, Index =&gt; 1);
pragma Source_File_Name
  (A, Body_File_Name =&gt; &quot;source.ada&quot;, Index =&gt; 2);
</pre></div>

<p>Note that the <code>gnatname</code> utility can also be used to generate those
configuration pragmas.
</p>
<p>Another form of the <code>Source_File_Name</code> pragma allows
the specification of patterns defining alternative file naming schemes
to apply to all files.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Source_File_Name
  (  [Spec_File_Name  =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL
   [,[Casing          =&gt;] CASING_SPEC]
   [,[Dot_Replacement =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL]);

pragma Source_File_Name
  (  [Body_File_Name  =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL
   [,[Casing          =&gt;] CASING_SPEC]
   [,[Dot_Replacement =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL]);

pragma Source_File_Name
  (  [Subunit_File_Name =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL
   [,[Casing            =&gt;] CASING_SPEC]
   [,[Dot_Replacement   =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL]);

CASING_SPEC ::= Lowercase | Uppercase | Mixedcase
</pre></div>

<p>The first argument is a pattern that contains a single asterisk indicating
the point at which the unit name is to be inserted in the pattern string
to form the file name.  The second argument is optional.  If present it
specifies the casing of the unit name in the resulting file name string.
The default is lower case.  Finally the third argument allows for systematic
replacement of any dots in the unit name by the specified string literal.
</p>
<p>Note that Source_File_Name pragmas should not be used if you are using
project files. The reason for this rule is that the project manager is not
aware of these pragmas, and so other tools that use the projet file would not
be aware of the intended naming conventions. If you are using project files,
file naming is controlled by Source_File_Name_Project pragmas, which are
usually supplied automatically by the project manager. A pragma
Source_File_Name cannot appear after a <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a>.
</p>
<p>For more details on the use of the <code>Source_File_Name</code> pragma,
See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Using-Other-File-Names">Using Other File Names</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>,
and <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Alternative-File-Naming-Schemes">Alternative File Naming Schemes</a> in <cite>GNAT
User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fReference" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Source_Reference</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Source_File_Name</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</h3>
<a name="index-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject"></a>

<p>This pragma has the same syntax and semantics as pragma Source_File_Name.
It is only allowed as a stand alone configuration pragma.
It cannot appear after a <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName">Pragma Source_File_Name</a>, and
most importantly, once pragma Source_File_Name_Project appears,
no further Source_File_Name pragmas are allowed.
</p>
<p>The intention is that Source_File_Name_Project pragmas are always
generated by the Project Manager in a manner consistent with the naming
specified in a project file, and when naming is controlled in this manner,
it is not permissible to attempt to modify this naming scheme using
Source_File_Name or Source_File_Name_Project pragmas (which would not be
known to the project manager).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Source_005fReference"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Source_005fReference-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Source_Reference</h3>
<a name="index-Source_005fReference"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Source_Reference (INTEGER_LITERAL, STRING_LITERAL);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma must appear as the first line of a source file.
<var>integer_literal</var> is the logical line number of the line following
the pragma line (for use in error messages and debugging
information).  <var>string_literal</var> is a static string constant that
specifies the file name to be used in error messages and debugging
information.  This is most notably used for the output of <code>gnatchop</code>
with the <samp>-r</samp> switch, to make sure that the original unchopped
source file is the one referred to.
</p>
<p>The second argument must be a string literal, it cannot be a static
string expression other than a string literal.  This is because its value
is needed for error messages issued by all phases of the compiler.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Stream_005fConvert" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Stream_Convert</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Source_005fReference" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Source_Reference</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</h3>
<a name="index-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired;
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used to indicate that the compiler should attempt to initialize
statically the objects declared in the library unit to which the pragma applies,
when these objects are initialized (explicitly or implicitly) by an aggregate.
In the absence of this pragma, aggregates in object declarations are expanded
into assignments and loops, even when the aggregate components are static
constants. When the aggregate is present the compiler builds a static expression
that requires no run-time code, so that the initialized object can be placed in
read-only data space. If the components are not static, or the aggregate has
more that 100 components, the compiler emits a warning that the pragma cannot
be obeyed. (See also the restriction No_Implicit_Loops, which supports static
construction of larger aggregates with static components that include an others
choice.)
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Stream_005fConvert"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Style_005fChecks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Style_Checks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Stream_005fConvert-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Stream_Convert</h3>
<a name="index-Stream_005fConvert"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Stream_Convert (
  [Entity =&gt;] type_LOCAL_NAME,
  [Read   =&gt;] function_NAME,
  [Write  =&gt;] function_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma provides an efficient way of providing stream functions for
types defined in packages.  Not only is it simpler to use than declaring
the necessary functions with attribute representation clauses, but more
significantly, it allows the declaration to made in such a way that the
stream packages are not loaded unless they are needed.  The use of
the Stream_Convert pragma adds no overhead at all, unless the stream
attributes are actually used on the designated type.
</p>
<p>The first argument specifies the type for which stream functions are
provided.  The second parameter provides a function used to read values
of this type.  It must name a function whose argument type may be any
subtype, and whose returned type must be the type given as the first
argument to the pragma.
</p>
<p>The meaning of the <var>Read</var>
parameter is that if a stream attribute directly
or indirectly specifies reading of the type given as the first parameter,
then a value of the type given as the argument to the Read function is
read from the stream, and then the Read function is used to convert this
to the required target type.
</p>
<p>Similarly the <var>Write</var> parameter specifies how to treat write attributes
that directly or indirectly apply to the type given as the first parameter.
It must have an input parameter of the type specified by the first parameter,
and the return type must be the same as the input type of the Read function.
The effect is to first call the Write function to convert to the given stream
type, and then write the result type to the stream.
</p>
<p>The Read and Write functions must not be overloaded subprograms.  If necessary
renamings can be supplied to meet this requirement.
The usage of this attribute is best illustrated by a simple example, taken
from the GNAT implementation of package Ada.Strings.Unbounded:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">function To_Unbounded (S : String)
           return Unbounded_String
  renames To_Unbounded_String;

pragma Stream_Convert
  (Unbounded_String, To_Unbounded, To_String);
</pre></div>

<p>The specifications of the referenced functions, as given in the Ada
Reference Manual are:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">function To_Unbounded_String (Source : String)
  return Unbounded_String;

function To_String (Source : Unbounded_String)
  return String;
</pre></div>

<p>The effect is that if the value of an unbounded string is written to a stream,
then the representation of the item in the stream is in the same format that
would be used for <code>Standard.String'Output</code>, and this same representation
is expected when a value of this type is read from the stream. Note that the
value written always includes the bounds, even for Unbounded_String&rsquo;Write,
since Unbounded_String is not an array type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Style_005fChecks"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Subtitle" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Subtitle</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Stream_005fConvert" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Stream_Convert</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Style_005fChecks-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Style_Checks</h3>
<a name="index-Style_005fChecks"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Style_Checks (string_LITERAL | ALL_CHECKS |
                     On | Off [, LOCAL_NAME]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used in conjunction with compiler switches to control the
built in style checking provided by GNAT.  The compiler switches, if set,
provide an initial setting for the switches, and this pragma may be used
to modify these settings, or the settings may be provided entirely by
the use of the pragma.  This pragma can be used anywhere that a pragma
is legal, including use as a configuration pragma (including use in
the <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file).
</p>
<p>The form with a string literal specifies which style options are to be
activated.  These are additive, so they apply in addition to any previously
set style check options.  The codes for the options are the same as those
used in the <samp>-gnaty</samp> switch to <code>gcc</code> or <code>gnatmake</code>.
For example the following two methods can be used to enable
layout checking:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Style_Checks (&quot;l&quot;);
</pre></div>

</li><li> <div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">gcc -c -gnatyl &hellip;
</pre></div>
</li></ul>

<p>The form ALL_CHECKS activates all standard checks (its use is equivalent
to the use of the <code>gnaty</code> switch with no options.  See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Top">About This Guide</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>, for details.)
</p>
<p>Note: the behavior is slightly different in GNAT mode (<samp>-gnatg</samp> used).
In this case, ALL_CHECKS implies the standard set of GNAT mode style check
options (i.e. equivalent to -gnatyg).
</p>
<p>The forms with <code>Off</code> and <code>On</code>
can be used to temporarily disable style checks
as shown in the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Style_Checks (&quot;k&quot;); -- requires keywords in lower case
pragma Style_Checks (Off); -- turn off style checks
NULL;                      -- this will not generate an error message
pragma Style_Checks (On);  -- turn style checks back on
NULL;                      -- this will generate an error message
</pre></div>

<p>Finally the two argument form is allowed only if the first argument is
<code>On</code> or <code>Off</code>.  The effect is to turn of semantic style checks
for the specified entity, as shown in the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Style_Checks (&quot;r&quot;); -- require consistency of identifier casing
Arg : Integer;
Rf1 : Integer := ARG;      -- incorrect, wrong case
pragma Style_Checks (Off, Arg);
Rf2 : Integer := ARG;      -- OK, no error
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Subtitle"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Suppress</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Style_005fChecks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Style_Checks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Subtitle-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Subtitle</h3>
<a name="index-Subtitle"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Subtitle ([Subtitle =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is recognized for compatibility with other Ada compilers
but is ignored by GNAT.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fAll" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Suppress_All</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Subtitle" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Subtitle</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Suppress</h3>
<a name="index-Suppress"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Suppress (Identifier [, [On =&gt;] Name]);
</pre></div>

<p>This is a standard pragma, and supports all the check names required in
the RM. It is included here because GNAT recognizes one additional check
name: <code>Alignment_Check</code> which can be used to suppress alignment checks
on addresses used in address clauses. Such checks can also be suppressed
by suppressing range checks, but the specific use of <code>Alignment_Check</code>
allows suppression of alignment checks without suppressing other range checks.
</p>
<p>Note that pragma Suppress gives the compiler permission to omit
checks, but does not require the compiler to omit checks. The compiler
will generate checks if they are essentially free, even when they are
suppressed. In particular, if the compiler can prove that a certain
check will necessarily fail, it will generate code to do an
unconditional &ldquo;raise&rdquo;, even if checks are suppressed. The compiler
warns in this case.
</p>
<p>Of course, run-time checks are omitted whenever the compiler can prove
that they will not fail, whether or not checks are suppressed.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress_005fAll"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Suppress</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress_005fAll-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Suppress_All</h3>
<a name="index-Suppress_005fAll"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Suppress_All;
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma can appear anywhere within a unit.
The effect is to apply <code>Suppress (All_Checks)</code> to the unit
in which it appears.  This pragma is implemented for compatibility with DEC
Ada 83 usage where it appears at the end of a unit, and for compatibility
with Rational Ada, where it appears as a program unit pragma.
The use of the standard Ada pragma <code>Suppress (All_Checks)</code>
as a normal configuration pragma is the preferred usage in GNAT.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fAll" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Suppress_All</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</h3>
<a name="index-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations;
</pre></div>

<p>In normal mode, a raise statement for an exception by default generates
an exception message giving the file name and line number for the location
of the raise. This is useful for debugging and logging purposes, but this
entails extra space for the strings for the messages. The configuration
pragma <code>Suppress_Exception_Locations</code> can be used to suppress the
generation of these strings, with the result that space is saved, but the
exception message for such raises is null. This configuration pragma may
appear in a global configuration pragma file, or in a specific unit as
usual. It is not required that this pragma be used consistently within
a partition, so it is fine to have some units within a partition compiled
with this pragma and others compiled in normal mode without it.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fInfo" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Task_Info</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</h3>
<a name="index-Suppress_005fInitialization"></a>
<a name="index-Suppressing-initialization"></a>
<a name="index-Initialization_002c-suppression-of"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Suppress_Initialization ([Entity =&gt;] subtype_Name);
</pre></div>

<p>Here subtype_Name is the name introduced by a type declaration
or subtype declaration.
This pragma suppresses any implicit or explicit initialization
for all variables of the given type or subtype,
including initialization resulting from the use of pragmas
Normalize_Scalars or Initialize_Scalars.
</p>
<p>This is considered a representation item, so it cannot be given after
the type is frozen. It applies to all subsequent object declarations,
and also any allocator that creates objects of the type.
</p>
<p>If the pragma is given for the first subtype, then it is considered
to apply to the base type and all its subtypes. If the pragma is given
for other than a first subtype, then it applies only to the given subtype.
The pragma may not be given after the type is frozen.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Task_005fInfo"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fName" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Task_Name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Task_005fInfo-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Task_Info</h3>
<a name="index-Task_005fInfo"></a>
<p>Syntax
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Task_Info (EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma appears within a task definition (like pragma
<code>Priority</code>) and applies to the task in which it appears.  The
argument must be of type <code>System.Task_Info.Task_Info_Type</code>.
The <code>Task_Info</code> pragma provides system dependent control over
aspects of tasking implementation, for example, the ability to map
tasks to specific processors.  For details on the facilities available
for the version of GNAT that you are using, see the documentation
in the spec of package System.Task_Info in the runtime
library.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Task_005fName"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fStorage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Task_Storage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fInfo" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Task_Info</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Task_005fName-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Task_Name</h3>
<a name="index-Task_005fName"></a>
<p>Syntax
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Task_Name (string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma appears within a task definition (like pragma
<code>Priority</code>) and applies to the task in which it appears.  The
argument must be of type String, and provides a name to be used for
the task instance when the task is created.  Note that this expression
is not required to be static, and in particular, it can contain
references to task discriminants.  This facility can be used to
provide different names for different tasks as they are created,
as illustrated in the example below.
</p>
<p>The task name is recorded internally in the run-time structures
and is accessible to tools like the debugger.  In addition the
routine <code>Ada.Task_Identification.Image</code> will return this
string, with a unique task address appended.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">--  Example of the use of pragma Task_Name

with Ada.Task_Identification;
use Ada.Task_Identification;
with Text_IO; use Text_IO;
procedure t3 is

   type Astring is access String;

   task type Task_Typ (Name : access String) is
      pragma Task_Name (Name.all);
   end Task_Typ;

   task body Task_Typ is
      Nam : constant String := Image (Current_Task);
   begin
      Put_Line (&quot;--&gt;&quot; &amp; Nam (1 .. 14) &amp; &quot;&lt;--&quot;);
   end Task_Typ;

   type Ptr_Task is access Task_Typ;
   Task_Var : Ptr_Task;

begin
   Task_Var :=
     new Task_Typ (new String'(&quot;This is task 1&quot;));
   Task_Var :=
     new Task_Typ (new String'(&quot;This is task 2&quot;));
end;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Task_005fStorage"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Test_Case</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fName" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Task_Name</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Task_005fStorage-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Task_Storage</h3>
<a name="index-Task_005fStorage"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Task_Storage (
  [Task_Type =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME,
  [Top_Guard =&gt;] static_integer_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma specifies the length of the guard area for tasks.  The guard
area is an additional storage area allocated to a task.  A value of zero
means that either no guard area is created or a minimal guard area is
created, depending on the target.  This pragma can appear anywhere a
<code>Storage_Size</code> attribute definition clause is allowed for a task
type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Test_005fCase"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Task_005fStorage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Task_Storage</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Test_005fCase-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Test_Case</h3>
<a name="index-Test-cases"></a>
<a name="index-Test_005fCase"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Test_Case (
   [Name     =&gt;] static_string_Expression
  ,[Mode     =&gt;] (Nominal | Robustness)
 [, Requires =&gt;  Boolean_Expression]
 [, Ensures  =&gt;  Boolean_Expression]);
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>Test_Case</code> pragma allows defining fine-grain specifications
for use by testing tools. Its syntax is similar to the syntax of the
<code>Contract_Case</code> pragma, which is used for both testing and
formal verification.
The compiler checks the validity of the <code>Test_Case</code> pragma, but its
presence does not lead to any modification of the code generated by the
compiler, contrary to the treatment of the <code>Contract_Case</code> pragma.
</p>
<p><code>Test_Case</code> pragmas may only appear immediately following the
(separate) declaration of a subprogram in a package declaration, inside
a package spec unit. Only other pragmas may intervene (that is appear
between the subprogram declaration and a test case).
</p>
<p>The compiler checks that boolean expressions given in <code>Requires</code> and
<code>Ensures</code> are valid, where the rules for <code>Requires</code> are the
same as the rule for an expression in <code>Precondition</code> and the rules
for <code>Ensures</code> are the same as the rule for an expression in
<code>Postcondition</code>. In particular, attributes <code>'Old</code> and
<code>'Result</code> can only be used within the <code>Ensures</code>
expression. The following is an example of use within a package spec:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Math_Functions is
   ...
   function Sqrt (Arg : Float) return Float;
   pragma Test_Case (Name     =&gt; &quot;Test 1&quot;,
                     Mode     =&gt; Nominal,
                     Requires =&gt; Arg &lt; 10000,
                     Ensures  =&gt; Sqrt'Result &lt; 10);
   ...
end Math_Functions;
</pre></div>

<p>The meaning of a test case is that there is at least one context where
<code>Requires</code> holds such that, if the associated subprogram is executed in
that context, then <code>Ensures</code> holds when the subprogram returns.
Mode <code>Nominal</code> indicates that the input context should also satisfy the
precondition of the subprogram, and the output context should also satisfy its
postcondition. More <code>Robustness</code> indicates that the precondition and
postcondition of the subprogram should be ignored for this test case.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Time_Slice</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Test_Case</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</h3>
<a name="index-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage"></a>
<a name="index-Task-specific-storage"></a>
<a name="index-TLS-_0028Thread-Local-Storage_0029"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Thread_Local_Storage ([Entity =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma specifies that the specified entity, which must be
a variable declared in a library level package, is to be marked as
&quot;Thread Local Storage&quot; (<code>TLS</code>). On systems supporting this (which
include Solaris, GNU/Linux and VxWorks 6), this causes each thread
(and hence each Ada task) to see a distinct copy of the variable.
</p>
<p>The variable may not have default initialization, and if there is
an explicit initialization, it must be either <code>null</code> for an
access variable, or a static expression for a scalar variable.
This provides a low level mechanism similar to that provided by
the <code>Ada.Task_Attributes</code> package, but much more efficient
and is also useful in writing interface code that will interact
with foreign threads.
</p>
<p>If this pragma is used on a system where <code>TLS</code> is not supported,
then an error message will be generated and the program will be rejected.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Time_005fSlice"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Title" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Title</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Time_005fSlice-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Time_Slice</h3>
<a name="index-Time_005fSlice"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Time_Slice (static_duration_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>For implementations of GNAT on operating systems where it is possible
to supply a time slice value, this pragma may be used for this purpose.
It is ignored if it is used in a system that does not allow this control,
or if it appears in other than the main program unit.
<a name="index-OpenVMS-13"></a>
Note that the effect of this pragma is identical to the effect of the
DEC Ada 83 pragma of the same name when operating under OpenVMS systems.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Title"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Time_Slice</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Title-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Title</h3>
<a name="index-Title"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Title (TITLING_OPTION [, TITLING OPTION]);

TITLING_OPTION ::=
  [Title    =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL,
| [Subtitle =&gt;] STRING_LITERAL
</pre></div>

<p>Syntax checked but otherwise ignored by GNAT.  This is a listing control
pragma used in DEC Ada 83 implementations to provide a title and/or
subtitle for the program listing.  The program listing generated by GNAT
does not have titles or subtitles.
</p>
<p>Unlike other pragmas, the full flexibility of named notation is allowed
for this pragma, i.e. the parameters may be given in any order if named
notation is used, and named and positional notation can be mixed
following the normal rules for procedure calls in Ada.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Title" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Title</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unchecked_Union</h3>
<a name="index-Unions-in-C"></a>
<a name="index-Unchecked_005fUnion"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unchecked_Union (first_subtype_LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used to specify a representation of a record type that is
equivalent to a C union. It was introduced as a GNAT implementation defined
pragma in the GNAT Ada 95 mode. Ada 2005 includes an extended version of this
pragma, making it language defined, and GNAT fully implements this extended
version in all language modes (Ada 83, Ada 95, and Ada 2005). For full
details, consult the Ada 2012 Reference Manual, section B.3.3.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Universal_Aliasing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</h3>
<a name="index-Unimplemented_005fUnit"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unimplemented_Unit;
</pre></div>

<p>If this pragma occurs in a unit that is processed by the compiler, GNAT
aborts with the message &lsquo;<samp><var>xxx</var> not implemented</samp>&rsquo;, where
<var>xxx</var> is the name of the current compilation unit.  This pragma is
intended to allow the compiler to handle unimplemented library units in
a clean manner.
</p>
<p>The abort only happens if code is being generated.  Thus you can use
specs of unimplemented packages in syntax or semantic checking mode.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fData" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Universal_Data</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Universal_Aliasing</h3>
<a name="index-Universal_005fAliasing"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Universal_Aliasing [([Entity =&gt;] type_LOCAL_NAME)];
</pre></div>

<p><var>type_LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to a type declaration in the current
declarative part.  The effect is to inhibit strict type-based aliasing
optimization for the given type.  In other words, the effect is as though
access types designating this type were subject to pragma No_Strict_Aliasing.
For a detailed description of the strict aliasing optimization, and the
situations in which it must be suppressed, See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Optimization-and-Strict-Aliasing">Optimization and Strict
Aliasing</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Universal_005fData"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unmodified" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unmodified</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Universal_Aliasing</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Universal_005fData-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Universal_Data</h3>
<a name="index-Universal_005fData"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Universal_Data [(library_unit_Name)];
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is supported only for the AAMP target and is ignored for
other targets. The pragma specifies that all library-level objects
(Counter 0 data) associated with the library unit are to be accessed
and updated using universal addressing (24-bit addresses for AAMP5)
rather than the default of 16-bit Data Environment (DENV) addressing.
Use of this pragma will generally result in less efficient code for
references to global data associated with the library unit, but
allows such data to be located anywhere in memory. This pragma is
a library unit pragma, but can also be used as a configuration pragma
(including use in the <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file). The functionality
of this pragma is also available by applying the -univ switch on the
compilations of units where universal addressing of the data is desired.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unmodified"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unreferenced</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fData" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Universal_Data</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unmodified-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unmodified</h3>
<a name="index-Unmodified"></a>
<a name="index-Warnings_002c-unmodified"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unmodified (LOCAL_NAME {, LOCAL_NAME});
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma signals that the assignable entities (variables,
<code>out</code> parameters, <code>in out</code> parameters) whose names are listed are
deliberately not assigned in the current source unit. This
suppresses warnings about the
entities being referenced but not assigned, and in addition a warning will be
generated if one of these entities is in fact assigned in the
same unit as the pragma (or in the corresponding body, or one
of its subunits).
</p>
<p>This is particularly useful for clearly signaling that a particular
parameter is not modified, even though the spec suggests that it might
be.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unreferenced"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unmodified" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unmodified</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unreferenced-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unreferenced</h3>
<a name="index-Unreferenced"></a>
<a name="index-Warnings_002c-unreferenced"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unreferenced (LOCAL_NAME {, LOCAL_NAME});
pragma Unreferenced (library_unit_NAME {, library_unit_NAME});
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma signals that the entities whose names are listed are
deliberately not referenced in the current source unit. This
suppresses warnings about the
entities being unreferenced, and in addition a warning will be
generated if one of these entities is in fact subsequently referenced in the
same unit as the pragma (or in the corresponding body, or one
of its subunits).
</p>
<p>This is particularly useful for clearly signaling that a particular
parameter is not referenced in some particular subprogram implementation
and that this is deliberate. It can also be useful in the case of
objects declared only for their initialization or finalization side
effects.
</p>
<p>If <code>LOCAL_NAME</code> identifies more than one matching homonym in the
current scope, then the entity most recently declared is the one to which
the pragma applies. Note that in the case of accept formals, the pragma
Unreferenced may appear immediately after the keyword <code>do</code> which
allows the indication of whether or not accept formals are referenced
or not to be given individually for each accept statement.
</p>
<p>The left hand side of an assignment does not count as a reference for the
purpose of this pragma. Thus it is fine to assign to an entity for which
pragma Unreferenced is given.
</p>
<p>Note that if a warning is desired for all calls to a given subprogram,
regardless of whether they occur in the same unit as the subprogram
declaration, then this pragma should not be used (calls from another
unit would not be flagged); pragma Obsolescent can be used instead
for this purpose, see See <a href="#Pragma-Obsolescent">Pragma Obsolescent</a>.
</p>
<p>The second form of pragma <code>Unreferenced</code> is used within a context
clause. In this case the arguments must be unit names of units previously
mentioned in <code>with</code> clauses (similar to the usage of pragma
<code>Elaborate_All</code>. The effect is to suppress warnings about unreferenced
units and unreferenced entities within these units.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unreferenced</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</h3>
<a name="index-Unreferenced_005fObjects"></a>
<a name="index-Warnings_002c-unreferenced-1"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unreferenced_Objects (local_subtype_NAME {, local_subtype_NAME});
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma signals that for the types or subtypes whose names are
listed, objects which are declared with one of these types or subtypes may
not be referenced, and if no references appear, no warnings are given.
</p>
<p>This is particularly useful for objects which are declared solely for their
initialization and finalization effect. Such variables are sometimes referred
to as RAII variables (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization). Using this
pragma on the relevant type (most typically a limited controlled type), the
compiler will automatically suppress unwanted warnings about these variables
not being referenced.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Unsuppress" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Unsuppress</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</h3>
<a name="index-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts;
</pre></div>

<p>Normally certain interrupts are reserved to the implementation.  Any attempt
to attach an interrupt causes Program_Error to be raised, as described in
RM C.3.2(22).  A typical example is the <code>SIGINT</code> interrupt used in
many systems for a <kbd>Ctrl-C</kbd> interrupt.  Normally this interrupt is
reserved to the implementation, so that <kbd>Ctrl-C</kbd> can be used to
interrupt execution.
</p>
<p>If the pragma <code>Unreserve_All_Interrupts</code> appears anywhere in any unit in
a program, then all such interrupts are unreserved.  This allows the
program to handle these interrupts, but disables their standard
functions.  For example, if this pragma is used, then pressing
<kbd>Ctrl-C</kbd> will not automatically interrupt execution.  However,
a program can then handle the <code>SIGINT</code> interrupt as it chooses.
</p>
<p>For a full list of the interrupts handled in a specific implementation,
see the source code for the spec of <code>Ada.Interrupts.Names</code> in
file <samp>a-intnam.ads</samp>.  This is a target dependent file that contains the
list of interrupts recognized for a given target.  The documentation in
this file also specifies what interrupts are affected by the use of
the <code>Unreserve_All_Interrupts</code> pragma.
</p>
<p>For a more general facility for controlling what interrupts can be
handled, see pragma <code>Interrupt_State</code>, which subsumes the functionality
of the <code>Unreserve_All_Interrupts</code> pragma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Unsuppress"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Unsuppress-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Unsuppress</h3>
<a name="index-Unsuppress"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Unsuppress (IDENTIFIER [, [On =&gt;] NAME]);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma undoes the effect of a previous pragma <code>Suppress</code>.  If
there is no corresponding pragma <code>Suppress</code> in effect, it has no
effect.  The range of the effect is the same as for pragma
<code>Suppress</code>.  The meaning of the arguments is identical to that used
in pragma <code>Suppress</code>.
</p>
<p>One important application is to ensure that checks are on in cases where
code depends on the checks for its correct functioning, so that the code
will compile correctly even if the compiler switches are set to suppress
checks.
</p>
<p>This pragma is standard in Ada 2005. It is available in all earlier versions
of Ada as an implementation-defined pragma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Validity_005fChecks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Validity_Checks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Unsuppress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Unsuppress</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Size_002c-VADS-compatibility"></a>
<a name="index-Rational-profile"></a>
<a name="index-Use_005fVADS_005fSize"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Use_VADS_Size;
</pre></div>

<p>This is a configuration pragma.  In a unit to which it applies, any use
of the &rsquo;Size attribute is automatically interpreted as a use of the
&rsquo;VADS_Size attribute.  Note that this may result in incorrect semantic
processing of valid Ada 95 or Ada 2005 programs.  This is intended to aid in
the handling of existing code which depends on the interpretation of Size
as implemented in the VADS compiler.  See description of the VADS_Size
attribute for further details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Validity_005fChecks"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Volatile" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Volatile</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Validity_005fChecks-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Validity_Checks</h3>
<a name="index-Validity_005fChecks"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Validity_Checks (string_LITERAL | ALL_CHECKS | On | Off);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is used in conjunction with compiler switches to control the
built-in validity checking provided by GNAT.  The compiler switches, if set
provide an initial setting for the switches, and this pragma may be used
to modify these settings, or the settings may be provided entirely by
the use of the pragma.  This pragma can be used anywhere that a pragma
is legal, including use as a configuration pragma (including use in
the <samp>gnat.adc</samp> file).
</p>
<p>The form with a string literal specifies which validity options are to be
activated.  The validity checks are first set to include only the default
reference manual settings, and then a string of letters in the string
specifies the exact set of options required.  The form of this string
is exactly as described for the <samp>-gnatVx</samp> compiler switch (see the
GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide for details).  For example the following two
methods can be used to enable validity checking for mode <code>in</code> and
<code>in out</code> subprogram parameters:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Validity_Checks (&quot;im&quot;);
</pre></div>

</li><li> <div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">gcc -c -gnatVim &hellip;
</pre></div>
</li></ul>

<p>The form ALL_CHECKS activates all standard checks (its use is equivalent
to the use of the <code>gnatva</code> switch.
</p>
<p>The forms with <code>Off</code> and <code>On</code>
can be used to temporarily disable validity checks
as shown in the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Validity_Checks (&quot;c&quot;); -- validity checks for copies
pragma Validity_Checks (Off); -- turn off validity checks
A := B;                       -- B will not be validity checked
pragma Validity_Checks (On);  -- turn validity checks back on
A := C;                       -- C will be validity checked
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Volatile"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Warnings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Warnings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Validity_005fChecks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Validity_Checks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Volatile-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Volatile</h3>
<a name="index-Volatile"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Volatile (LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma is defined by the Ada Reference Manual, and the GNAT
implementation is fully conformant with this definition.  The reason it
is mentioned in this section is that a pragma of the same name was supplied
in some Ada 83 compilers, including DEC Ada 83.  The Ada 95 / Ada 2005
implementation of pragma Volatile is upwards compatible with the
implementation in DEC Ada 83.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Warnings"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Weak_005fExternal" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Weak_External</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Volatile" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Volatile</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Warnings-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Warnings</h3>
<a name="index-Warnings"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Warnings (On | Off);
pragma Warnings (On | Off, LOCAL_NAME);
pragma Warnings (static_string_EXPRESSION);
pragma Warnings (On | Off, static_string_EXPRESSION);
</pre></div>

<p>Normally warnings are enabled, with the output being controlled by
the command line switch.  Warnings (<code>Off</code>) turns off generation of
warnings until a Warnings (<code>On</code>) is encountered or the end of the
current unit.  If generation of warnings is turned off using this
pragma, then no warning messages are output, regardless of the
setting of the command line switches.
</p>
<p>The form with a single argument may be used as a configuration pragma.
</p>
<p>If the <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> parameter is present, warnings are suppressed for
the specified entity.  This suppression is effective from the point where
it occurs till the end of the extended scope of the variable (similar to
the scope of <code>Suppress</code>).
</p>
<p>The form with a single static_string_EXPRESSION argument provides more precise
control over which warnings are active. The string is a list of letters
specifying which warnings are to be activated and which deactivated. The
code for these letters is the same as the string used in the command
line switch controlling warnings. For a brief summary, use the gnatmake
command with no arguments, which will generate usage information containing
the list of warnings switches supported. For
full details see <a href="gnat_ugn.html#Warning-Message-Control">Warning Message Control</a> in <cite>GNAT
User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<p>The warnings controlled by the &lsquo;-gnatw&rsquo; switch are generated by the front end
of the compiler. The &lsquo;GCC&rsquo; back end can provide additional warnings and they
are controlled by the &lsquo;-W&rsquo; switch.
The form with a single static_string_EXPRESSION argument also works for the
latters, but the string must be a single full &lsquo;-W&rsquo; switch in this case.
The above reference lists a few examples of these additional warnings.
</p>
<p>The specified warnings will be in effect until the end of the program
or another pragma Warnings is encountered. The effect of the pragma is
cumulative. Initially the set of warnings is the standard default set
as possibly modified by compiler switches. Then each pragma Warning
modifies this set of warnings as specified. This form of the pragma may
also be used as a configuration pragma.
</p>
<p>The fourth form, with an <code>On|Off</code> parameter and a string, is used to
control individual messages, based on their text. The string argument
is a pattern that is used to match against the text of individual
warning messages (not including the initial &quot;warning: &quot; tag).
</p>
<p>The pattern may contain asterisks, which match zero or more characters in
the message. For example, you can use
<code>pragma Warnings (Off, &quot;*bits of*unused&quot;)</code> to suppress the warning
message <code>warning: 960 bits of &quot;a&quot; unused</code>. No other regular
expression notations are permitted. All characters other than asterisk in
these three specific cases are treated as literal characters in the match.
</p>
<p>The above use of patterns to match the message applies only to warning
messages generated by the front end. This form of the pragma with a
string argument can also be used to control back end warnings controlled
by a &quot;-Wxxx&quot; switch. Such warnings can be identified by the appearence
of a string of the form &quot;[-Wxxx]&quot; in the message which identifies the
&quot;-W&quot; switch that controls the message. By using the text of the
&quot;-W&quot; switch in the pragma, such back end warnings can be turned on and off.
</p>
<p>There are two ways to use the pragma in this form. The OFF form can be used as a
configuration pragma. The effect is to suppress all warnings (if any)
that match the pattern string throughout the compilation (or match the
-W switch in the back end case).
</p>
<p>The second usage is to suppress a warning locally, and in this case, two
pragmas must appear in sequence:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Warnings (Off, Pattern);
&hellip; code where given warning is to be suppressed
pragma Warnings (On, Pattern);
</pre></div>

<p>In this usage, the pattern string must match in the Off and On pragmas,
and at least one matching warning must be suppressed.
</p>
<p>Note: to write a string that will match any warning, use the string
<code>&quot;***&quot;</code>. It will not work to use a single asterisk or two asterisks
since this looks like an operator name. This form with three asterisks
is similar in effect to specifying <code>pragma Warnings (Off)</code> except that a
matching <code>pragma Warnings (On, &quot;***&quot;)</code> will be required. This can be
helpful in avoiding forgetting to turn warnings back on.
</p>
<p>Note: the debug flag -gnatd.i (<code>/NOWARNINGS_PRAGMAS</code> in VMS) can be
used to cause the compiler to entirely ignore all WARNINGS pragmas. This can
be useful in checking whether obsolete pragmas in existing programs are hiding
real problems.
</p>
<p>Note: pragma Warnings does not affect the processing of style messages. See
separate entry for pragma Style_Checks for control of style messages.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Weak_005fExternal"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Warnings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Warnings</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Weak_005fExternal-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Weak_External</h3>
<a name="index-Weak_005fExternal"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Weak_External ([Entity =&gt;] LOCAL_NAME);
</pre></div>

<p><var>LOCAL_NAME</var> must refer to an object that is declared at the library
level. This pragma specifies that the given entity should be marked as a
weak symbol for the linker. It is equivalent to <code>__attribute__((weak))</code>
in GNU C and causes <var>LOCAL_NAME</var> to be emitted as a weak symbol instead
of a regular symbol, that is to say a symbol that does not have to be
resolved by the linker if used in conjunction with a pragma Import.
</p>
<p>When a weak symbol is not resolved by the linker, its address is set to
zero. This is useful in writing interfaces to external modules that may
or may not be linked in the final executable, for example depending on
configuration settings.
</p>
<p>If a program references at run time an entity to which this pragma has been
applied, and the corresponding symbol was not resolved at link time, then
the execution of the program is erroneous. It is not erroneous to take the
Address of such an entity, for example to guard potential references,
as shown in the example below.
</p>
<p>Some file formats do not support weak symbols so not all target machines
support this pragma.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">--  Example of the use of pragma Weak_External

package External_Module is
  key : Integer;
  pragma Import (C, key);
  pragma Weak_External (key);
  function Present return boolean;
end External_Module;

with System; use System;
package body External_Module is
  function Present return boolean is
  begin
    return key'Address /= System.Null_Address;
  end Present;
end External_Module;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Abort_005fSignal" accesskey="n" rel="next">Abort_Signal</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Weak_005fExternal" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Weak_External</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</h3>
<a name="index-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding"></a>
<p>Syntax:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Wide_Character_Encoding (IDENTIFIER | CHARACTER_LITERAL);
</pre></div>

<p>This pragma specifies the wide character encoding to be used in program
source text appearing subsequently. It is a configuration pragma, but may
also be used at any point that a pragma is allowed, and it is permissible
to have more than one such pragma in a file, allowing multiple encodings
to appear within the same file.
</p>
<p>The argument can be an identifier or a character literal. In the identifier
case, it is one of <code>HEX</code>, <code>UPPER</code>, <code>SHIFT_JIS</code>,
<code>EUC</code>, <code>UTF8</code>, or <code>BRACKETS</code>. In the character literal
case it is correspondingly one of the characters &lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>u</samp>&rsquo;,
&lsquo;<samp>s</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>e</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>8</samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp>b</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<p>Note that when the pragma is used within a file, it affects only the
encoding within that file, and does not affect withed units, specs,
or subunits.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Implementation-Defined-Attributes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implementation-Defined-Attributes-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Implementation Defined Attributes</h2>
<p>Ada defines (throughout the Ada reference manual,
summarized in Annex K),
a set of attributes that provide useful additional functionality in all
areas of the language.  These language defined attributes are implemented
in GNAT and work as described in the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<p>In addition, Ada allows implementations to define additional
attributes whose meaning is defined by the implementation.  GNAT provides
a number of these implementation-dependent attributes which can be used
to extend and enhance the functionality of the compiler.  This section of
the GNAT reference manual describes these additional attributes.
</p>
<p>Note that any program using these attributes may not be portable to
other compilers (although GNAT implements this set of attributes on all
platforms).  Therefore if portability to other compilers is an important
consideration, you should minimize the use of these attributes.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Abort_005fSignal" accesskey="1">Abort_Signal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Address_005fSize" accesskey="2">Address_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Asm_005fInput" accesskey="3">Asm_Input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Asm_005fOutput" accesskey="4">Asm_Output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#AST_005fEntry" accesskey="5">AST_Entry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bit" accesskey="6">Bit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bit_005fPosition" accesskey="7">Bit_Position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Compiler_005fVersion" accesskey="8">Compiler_Version</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Code_005fAddress" accesskey="9">Code_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder">Default_Bit_Order</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Descriptor_005fSize">Descriptor_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elaborated">Elaborated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elab_005fBody">Elab_Body</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elab_005fSpec">Elab_Spec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Elab_005fSubp_005fBody">Elab_Subp_Body</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Emax">Emax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enabled">Enabled</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enum_005fRep">Enum_Rep</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enum_005fVal">Enum_Val</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Epsilon">Epsilon</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fixed_005fValue">Fixed_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues">Has_Access_Values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Has_005fDiscriminants">Has_Discriminants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Img">Img</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Integer_005fValue">Integer_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Invalid_005fValue">Invalid_Value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Large">Large</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Machine_005fSize">Machine_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mantissa">Mantissa</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fPriority">Max_Priority</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment">Maximum_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Null_005fParameter">Null_Parameter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Object_005fSize">Object_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference">Passed_By_Reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pool_005fAddress">Pool_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Range_005fLength">Range_Length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ref">Ref</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Result">Result</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Safe_005fEmax">Safe_Emax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Safe_005fLarge">Safe_Large</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder">Scalar_Storage_Order</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool">Simple_Storage_Pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Small">Small</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Storage_005fUnit">Storage_Unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Stub_005fType">Stub_Type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment">System_Allocator_Alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Target_005fName">Target_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Tick">Tick</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#To_005fAddress">To_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Type_005fClass">Type_Class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#UET_005fAddress">UET_Address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Unconstrained_005fArray">Unconstrained_Array</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString">Universal_Literal_String</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess">Unrestricted_Access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Valid_005fScalars">Valid_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#VADS_005fSize">VADS_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Value_005fSize">Value_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wchar_005fT_005fSize">Wchar_T_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Word_005fSize">Word_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Abort_005fSignal"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Address_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Address_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Abort_005fSignal-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Abort_Signal</h3>
<a name="index-Abort_005fSignal"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Abort_Signal</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only allowed
prefix) provides the entity for the special exception used to signal
task abort or asynchronous transfer of control.  Normally this attribute
should only be used in the tasking runtime (it is highly peculiar, and
completely outside the normal semantics of Ada, for a user program to
intercept the abort exception).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Address_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Asm_005fInput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Asm_Input</a>, Previous: <a href="#Abort_005fSignal" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Abort_Signal</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Address_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Address_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Size-of-Address"></a>
<a name="index-Address_005fSize"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Address_Size</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only allowed
prefix) is a static constant giving the number of bits in an
<code>Address</code>. It is the same value as System.Address&rsquo;Size,
but has the advantage of being static, while a direct
reference to System.Address&rsquo;Size is non-static because Address
is a private type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Asm_005fInput"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Asm_005fOutput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Asm_Output</a>, Previous: <a href="#Address_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Address_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Asm_005fInput-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Asm_Input</h3>
<a name="index-Asm_005fInput"></a>
<p>The <code>Asm_Input</code> attribute denotes a function that takes two
parameters.  The first is a string, the second is an expression of the
type designated by the prefix.  The first (string) argument is required
to be a static expression, and is the constraint for the parameter,
(e.g. what kind of register is required).  The second argument is the
value to be used as the input argument.  The possible values for the
constant are the same as those used in the RTL, and are dependent on
the configuration file used to built the GCC back end.
<a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions">Machine Code Insertions</a>
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Asm_005fOutput"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#AST_005fEntry" accesskey="n" rel="next">AST_Entry</a>, Previous: <a href="#Asm_005fInput" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Asm_Input</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Asm_005fOutput-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Asm_Output</h3>
<a name="index-Asm_005fOutput"></a>
<p>The <code>Asm_Output</code> attribute denotes a function that takes two
parameters.  The first is a string, the second is the name of a variable
of the type designated by the attribute prefix.  The first (string)
argument is required to be a static expression and designates the
constraint for the parameter (e.g. what kind of register is
required).  The second argument is the variable to be updated with the
result.  The possible values for constraint are the same as those used in
the RTL, and are dependent on the configuration file used to build the
GCC back end.  If there are no output operands, then this argument may
either be omitted, or explicitly given as <code>No_Output_Operands</code>.
<a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions">Machine Code Insertions</a>
</p>
<hr>
<a name="AST_005fEntry"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Bit" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bit</a>, Previous: <a href="#Asm_005fOutput" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Asm_Output</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="AST_005fEntry-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">AST_Entry</h3>
<a name="index-OpenVMS-14"></a>
<a name="index-AST_005fEntry"></a>
<p>This attribute is implemented only in OpenVMS versions of GNAT.  Applied to
the name of an entry, it yields a value of the predefined type AST_Handler
(declared in the predefined package System, as extended by the use of
pragma <code>Extend_System (Aux_DEC)</code>).  This value enables the given entry to
be called when an AST occurs.  For further details, refer to the <cite>DEC Ada
Language Reference Manual</cite>, section 9.12a.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Bit"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Bit_005fPosition" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bit_Position</a>, Previous: <a href="#AST_005fEntry" accesskey="p" rel="prev">AST_Entry</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Bit-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Bit</h3>
<a name="index-Bit"></a>
<p><code><var>obj</var>'Bit</code>, where <var>obj</var> is any object, yields the bit
offset within the storage unit (byte) that contains the first bit of
storage allocated for the object.  The value of this attribute is of the
type <code>Universal_Integer</code>, and is always a non-negative number not
exceeding the value of <code>System.Storage_Unit</code>.
</p>
<p>For an object that is a variable or a constant allocated in a register,
the value is zero.  (The use of this attribute does not force the
allocation of a variable to memory).
</p>
<p>For an object that is a formal parameter, this attribute applies
to either the matching actual parameter or to a copy of the
matching actual parameter.
</p>
<p>For an access object the value is zero.  Note that
<code><var>obj</var>.all'Bit</code> is subject to an <code>Access_Check</code> for the
designated object.  Similarly for a record component
<code><var>X</var>.<var>C</var>'Bit</code> is subject to a discriminant check and
<code><var>X</var>(<var>I</var>).Bit</code> and <code><var>X</var>(<var>I1</var>..<var>I2</var>)'Bit</code>
are subject to index checks.
</p>
<p>This attribute is designed to be compatible with the DEC Ada 83 definition
and implementation of the <code>Bit</code> attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Bit_005fPosition"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Compiler_005fVersion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Compiler_Version</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bit" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bit</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Bit_005fPosition-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Bit_Position</h3>
<a name="index-Bit_005fPosition"></a>
<p><code><var>R.C</var>'Bit_Position</code>, where <var>R</var> is a record object and C is one
of the fields of the record type, yields the bit
offset within the record contains the first bit of
storage allocated for the object.  The value of this attribute is of the
type <code>Universal_Integer</code>.  The value depends only on the field
<var>C</var> and is independent of the alignment of
the containing record <var>R</var>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Compiler_005fVersion"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Code_005fAddress" accesskey="n" rel="next">Code_Address</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bit_005fPosition" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bit_Position</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Compiler_005fVersion-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Compiler_Version</h3>
<a name="index-Compiler_005fVersion"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Compiler_Version</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only allowed
prefix) yields a static string identifying the version of the compiler
being used to compile the unit containing the attribute reference. A
typical result would be something like &quot;GNAT <i>version</i> (20090221)&quot;.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Code_005fAddress"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder" accesskey="n" rel="next">Default_Bit_Order</a>, Previous: <a href="#Compiler_005fVersion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Compiler_Version</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Code_005fAddress-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Code_Address</h3>
<a name="index-Code_005fAddress"></a>
<a name="index-Subprogram-address"></a>
<a name="index-Address-of-subprogram-code"></a>
<p>The <code>'Address</code>
attribute may be applied to subprograms in Ada 95 and Ada 2005, but the
intended effect seems to be to provide
an address value which can be used to call the subprogram by means of
an address clause as in the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">procedure K is &hellip;

procedure L;
for L'Address use K'Address;
pragma Import (Ada, L);
</pre></div>

<p>A call to <code>L</code> is then expected to result in a call to <code>K</code>.
In Ada 83, where there were no access-to-subprogram values, this was
a common work-around for getting the effect of an indirect call.
GNAT implements the above use of <code>Address</code> and the technique
illustrated by the example code works correctly.
</p>
<p>However, for some purposes, it is useful to have the address of the start
of the generated code for the subprogram.  On some architectures, this is
not necessarily the same as the <code>Address</code> value described above.
For example, the <code>Address</code> value may reference a subprogram
descriptor rather than the subprogram itself.
</p>
<p>The <code>'Code_Address</code> attribute, which can only be applied to
subprogram entities, always returns the address of the start of the
generated code of the specified subprogram, which may or may not be
the same value as is returned by the corresponding <code>'Address</code>
attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Default_005fBit_005fOrder"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Descriptor_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Descriptor_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Code_005fAddress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Code_Address</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Default_005fBit_005fOrder-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Default_Bit_Order</h3>
<a name="index-Big-endian"></a>
<a name="index-Little-endian"></a>
<a name="index-Default_005fBit_005fOrder"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Default_Bit_Order</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only
permissible prefix), provides the value <code>System.Default_Bit_Order</code>
as a <code>Pos</code> value (0 for <code>High_Order_First</code>, 1 for
<code>Low_Order_First</code>).  This is used to construct the definition of
<code>Default_Bit_Order</code> in package <code>System</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Descriptor_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Elaborated" accesskey="n" rel="next">Elaborated</a>, Previous: <a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Default_Bit_Order</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Descriptor_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Descriptor_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Descriptor"></a>
<a name="index-Dope-vector"></a>
<a name="index-Descriptor_005fSize"></a>
<p>Non-static attribute <code>Descriptor_Size</code> returns the size in bits of the
descriptor allocated for a type.  The result is non-zero only for unconstrained
array types and the returned value is of type universal integer.  In GNAT, an
array descriptor contains bounds information and is located immediately before
the first element of the array.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Unconstr_Array is array (Positive range &lt;&gt;) of Boolean;
Put_Line (&quot;Descriptor size = &quot; &amp; Unconstr_Array'Descriptor_Size'Img);
</pre></div>

<p>The attribute takes into account any additional padding due to type alignment.
In the example above, the descriptor contains two values of type
<code>Positive</code> representing the low and high bound.  Since <code>Positive</code> has
a size of 31 bits and an alignment of 4, the descriptor size is <code>2 *
Positive'Size + 2</code> or 64 bits.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Elaborated"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Elab_005fBody" accesskey="n" rel="next">Elab_Body</a>, Previous: <a href="#Descriptor_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Descriptor_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Elaborated-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Elaborated</h3>
<a name="index-Elaborated"></a>
<p>The prefix of the <code>'Elaborated</code> attribute must be a unit name.  The
value is a Boolean which indicates whether or not the given unit has been
elaborated.  This attribute is primarily intended for internal use by the
generated code for dynamic elaboration checking, but it can also be used
in user programs.  The value will always be True once elaboration of all
units has been completed.  An exception is for units which need no
elaboration, the value is always False for such units.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Elab_005fBody"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Elab_005fSpec" accesskey="n" rel="next">Elab_Spec</a>, Previous: <a href="#Elaborated" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Elaborated</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Elab_005fBody-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Elab_Body</h3>
<a name="index-Elab_005fBody"></a>
<p>This attribute can only be applied to a program unit name.  It returns
the entity for the corresponding elaboration procedure for elaborating
the body of the referenced unit.  This is used in the main generated
elaboration procedure by the binder and is not normally used in any
other context.  However, there may be specialized situations in which it
is useful to be able to call this elaboration procedure from Ada code,
e.g. if it is necessary to do selective re-elaboration to fix some
error.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Elab_005fSpec"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Elab_005fSubp_005fBody" accesskey="n" rel="next">Elab_Subp_Body</a>, Previous: <a href="#Elab_005fBody" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Elab_Body</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Elab_005fSpec-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Elab_Spec</h3>
<a name="index-Elab_005fSpec"></a>
<p>This attribute can only be applied to a program unit name.  It returns
the entity for the corresponding elaboration procedure for elaborating
the spec of the referenced unit.  This is used in the main
generated elaboration procedure by the binder and is not normally used
in any other context.  However, there may be specialized situations in
which it is useful to be able to call this elaboration procedure from
Ada code, e.g. if it is necessary to do selective re-elaboration to fix
some error.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Elab_005fSubp_005fBody"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Emax" accesskey="n" rel="next">Emax</a>, Previous: <a href="#Elab_005fSpec" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Elab_Spec</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Elab_005fSubp_005fBody-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Elab_Subp_Body</h3>
<a name="index-Elab_005fSubp_005fBody"></a>
<p>This attribute can only be applied to a library level subprogram
name and is only allowed in CodePeer mode. It returns the entity
for the corresponding elaboration procedure for elaborating the body
of the referenced subprogram unit. This is used in the main generated
elaboration procedure by the binder in CodePeer mode only and is unrecognized
otherwise.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Emax"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Enabled" accesskey="n" rel="next">Enabled</a>, Previous: <a href="#Elab_005fSubp_005fBody" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Elab_Subp_Body</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Emax-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Emax</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes"></a>
<a name="index-Emax"></a>
<p>The <code>Emax</code> attribute is provided for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Enabled"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Enum_005fRep" accesskey="n" rel="next">Enum_Rep</a>, Previous: <a href="#Emax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Emax</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Enabled-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Enabled</h3>
<a name="index-Enabled"></a>
<p>The <code>Enabled</code> attribute allows an application program to check at compile
time to see if the designated check is currently enabled. The prefix is a
simple identifier, referencing any predefined check name (other than
<code>All_Checks</code>) or a check name introduced by pragma Check_Name. If
no argument is given for the attribute, the check is for the general state
of the check, if an argument is given, then it is an entity name, and the
check indicates whether an <code>Suppress</code> or <code>Unsuppress</code> has been
given naming the entity (if not, then the argument is ignored).
</p>
<p>Note that instantiations inherit the check status at the point of the
instantiation, so a useful idiom is to have a library package that
introduces a check name with <code>pragma Check_Name</code>, and then contains
generic packages or subprograms which use the <code>Enabled</code> attribute
to see if the check is enabled. A user of this package can then issue
a <code>pragma Suppress</code> or <code>pragma Unsuppress</code> before instantiating
the package or subprogram, controlling whether the check will be present.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Enum_005fRep"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Enum_005fVal" accesskey="n" rel="next">Enum_Val</a>, Previous: <a href="#Enabled" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Enabled</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Enum_005fRep-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Enum_Rep</h3>
<a name="index-Representation-of-enums"></a>
<a name="index-Enum_005fRep"></a>
<p>For every enumeration subtype <var>S</var>, <code><var>S</var>'Enum_Rep</code> denotes a
function with the following spec:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">function <var>S</var>'Enum_Rep (Arg : <var>S</var>'Base)
  return <i>Universal_Integer</i>;
</pre></div>

<p>It is also allowable to apply <code>Enum_Rep</code> directly to an object of an
enumeration type or to a non-overloaded enumeration
literal.  In this case <code><var>S</var>'Enum_Rep</code> is equivalent to
<code><var>typ</var>'Enum_Rep(<var>S</var>)</code> where <var>typ</var> is the type of the
enumeration literal or object.
</p>
<p>The function returns the representation value for the given enumeration
value.  This will be equal to value of the <code>Pos</code> attribute in the
absence of an enumeration representation clause.  This is a static
attribute (i.e. the result is static if the argument is static).
</p>
<p><code><var>S</var>'Enum_Rep</code> can also be used with integer types and objects,
in which case it simply returns the integer value.  The reason for this
is to allow it to be used for <code>(&lt;&gt;)</code> discrete formal arguments in
a generic unit that can be instantiated with either enumeration types
or integer types.  Note that if <code>Enum_Rep</code> is used on a modular
type whose upper bound exceeds the upper bound of the largest signed
integer type, and the argument is a variable, so that the universal
integer calculation is done at run time, then the call to <code>Enum_Rep</code>
may raise <code>Constraint_Error</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Enum_005fVal"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Epsilon" accesskey="n" rel="next">Epsilon</a>, Previous: <a href="#Enum_005fRep" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Enum_Rep</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Enum_005fVal-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Enum_Val</h3>
<a name="index-Representation-of-enums-1"></a>
<a name="index-Enum_005fVal"></a>
<p>For every enumeration subtype <var>S</var>, <code><var>S</var>'Enum_Val</code> denotes a
function with the following spec:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">function <var>S</var>'Enum_Val (Arg : <i>Universal_Integer)
  return <var>S</var>&rsquo;Base</i>;
</pre></div>

<p>The function returns the enumeration value whose representation matches the
argument, or raises Constraint_Error if no enumeration literal of the type
has the matching value.
This will be equal to value of the <code>Val</code> attribute in the
absence of an enumeration representation clause.  This is a static
attribute (i.e. the result is static if the argument is static).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Epsilon"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fixed_005fValue" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fixed_Value</a>, Previous: <a href="#Enum_005fVal" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Enum_Val</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Epsilon-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Epsilon</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes-1"></a>
<a name="index-Epsilon"></a>
<p>The <code>Epsilon</code> attribute is provided for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Fixed_005fValue"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues" accesskey="n" rel="next">Has_Access_Values</a>, Previous: <a href="#Epsilon" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Epsilon</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Fixed_005fValue-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Fixed_Value</h3>
<a name="index-Fixed_005fValue"></a>
<p>For every fixed-point type <var>S</var>, <code><var>S</var>'Fixed_Value</code> denotes a
function with the following specification:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">function <var>S</var>'Fixed_Value (Arg : <i>Universal_Integer</i>)
  return <var>S</var>;
</pre></div>

<p>The value returned is the fixed-point value <var>V</var> such that
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"><var>V</var> = Arg * <var>S</var>'Small
</pre></div>

<p>The effect is thus similar to first converting the argument to the
integer type used to represent <var>S</var>, and then doing an unchecked
conversion to the fixed-point type.  The difference is
that there are full range checks, to ensure that the result is in range.
This attribute is primarily intended for use in implementation of the
input-output functions for fixed-point values.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Has_005fAccess_005fValues"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Has_005fDiscriminants" accesskey="n" rel="next">Has_Discriminants</a>, Previous: <a href="#Fixed_005fValue" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fixed_Value</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Has_005fAccess_005fValues-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Has_Access_Values</h3>
<a name="index-Access-values_002c-testing-for"></a>
<a name="index-Has_005fAccess_005fValues"></a>
<p>The prefix of the <code>Has_Access_Values</code> attribute is a type.  The result
is a Boolean value which is True if the is an access type, or is a composite
type with a component (at any nesting depth) that is an access type, and is
False otherwise.
The intended use of this attribute is in conjunction with generic
definitions.  If the attribute is applied to a generic private type, it
indicates whether or not the corresponding actual type has access values.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Has_005fDiscriminants"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Img" accesskey="n" rel="next">Img</a>, Previous: <a href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Has_Access_Values</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Has_005fDiscriminants-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Has_Discriminants</h3>
<a name="index-Discriminants_002c-testing-for"></a>
<a name="index-Has_005fDiscriminants"></a>
<p>The prefix of the <code>Has_Discriminants</code> attribute is a type.  The result
is a Boolean value which is True if the type has discriminants, and False
otherwise.  The intended use of this attribute is in conjunction with generic
definitions.  If the attribute is applied to a generic private type, it
indicates whether or not the corresponding actual type has discriminants.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Img"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Integer_005fValue" accesskey="n" rel="next">Integer_Value</a>, Previous: <a href="#Has_005fDiscriminants" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Has_Discriminants</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Img-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Img</h3>
<a name="index-Img"></a>
<p>The <code>Img</code> attribute differs from <code>Image</code> in that it may be
applied to objects as well as types, in which case it gives the
<code>Image</code> for the subtype of the object.  This is convenient for
debugging:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Put_Line (&quot;X = &quot; &amp; X'Img);
</pre></div>

<p>has the same meaning as the more verbose:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Put_Line (&quot;X = &quot; &amp; <var>T</var>'Image (X));
</pre></div>

<p>where <var>T</var> is the (sub)type of the object <code>X</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Integer_005fValue"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Invalid_005fValue" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invalid_Value</a>, Previous: <a href="#Img" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Img</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Integer_005fValue-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Integer_Value</h3>
<a name="index-Integer_005fValue"></a>
<p>For every integer type <var>S</var>, <code><var>S</var>'Integer_Value</code> denotes a
function with the following spec:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">function <var>S</var>'Integer_Value (Arg : <i>Universal_Fixed</i>)
  return <var>S</var>;
</pre></div>

<p>The value returned is the integer value <var>V</var>, such that
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Arg = <var>V</var> * <var>T</var>'Small
</pre></div>

<p>where <var>T</var> is the type of <code>Arg</code>.
The effect is thus similar to first doing an unchecked conversion from
the fixed-point type to its corresponding implementation type, and then
converting the result to the target integer type.  The difference is
that there are full range checks, to ensure that the result is in range.
This attribute is primarily intended for use in implementation of the
standard input-output functions for fixed-point values.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Invalid_005fValue"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Large" accesskey="n" rel="next">Large</a>, Previous: <a href="#Integer_005fValue" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Integer_Value</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Invalid_005fValue-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Invalid_Value</h3>
<a name="index-Invalid_005fValue"></a>
<p>For every scalar type S, S&rsquo;Invalid_Value returns an undefined value of the
type. If possible this value is an invalid representation for the type. The
value returned is identical to the value used to initialize an otherwise
uninitialized value of the type if pragma Initialize_Scalars is used,
including the ability to modify the value with the binder -Sxx flag and
relevant environment variables at run time.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Large"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Machine_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Machine_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Invalid_005fValue" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invalid_Value</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Large-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Large</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes-2"></a>
<a name="index-Large"></a>
<p>The <code>Large</code> attribute is provided for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Machine_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Mantissa" accesskey="n" rel="next">Mantissa</a>, Previous: <a href="#Large" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Large</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Machine_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Machine_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Machine_005fSize"></a>
<p>This attribute is identical to the <code>Object_Size</code> attribute.  It is
provided for compatibility with the DEC Ada 83 attribute of this name.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Mantissa"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a>, Previous: <a href="#Machine_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Machine_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Mantissa-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Mantissa</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes-3"></a>
<a name="index-Mantissa"></a>
<p>The <code>Mantissa</code> attribute is provided for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fPriority" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Priority</a>, Previous: <a href="#Mantissa" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mantissa</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Max_Interrupt_Priority</h3>
<a name="index-Interrupt-priority_002c-maximum"></a>
<a name="index-Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Max_Interrupt_Priority</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only
permissible prefix), provides the same value as
<code>System.Max_Interrupt_Priority</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fPriority"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment" accesskey="n" rel="next">Maximum_Alignment</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fPriority-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Max_Priority</h3>
<a name="index-Priority_002c-maximum"></a>
<a name="index-Max_005fPriority"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Max_Priority</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only permissible
prefix) provides the same value as <code>System.Max_Priority</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Maximum_005fAlignment"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Mechanism_005fCode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Mechanism_Code</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fPriority" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Priority</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Maximum_005fAlignment-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Maximum_Alignment</h3>
<a name="index-Alignment_002c-maximum"></a>
<a name="index-Maximum_005fAlignment"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Maximum_Alignment</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only
permissible prefix) provides the maximum useful alignment value for the
target.  This is a static value that can be used to specify the alignment
for an object, guaranteeing that it is properly aligned in all
cases.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Mechanism_005fCode"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Null_005fParameter" accesskey="n" rel="next">Null_Parameter</a>, Previous: <a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Maximum_Alignment</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Mechanism_005fCode-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Mechanism_Code</h3>
<a name="index-Return-values_002c-passing-mechanism"></a>
<a name="index-Parameters_002c-passing-mechanism"></a>
<a name="index-Mechanism_005fCode"></a>
<p><code><var>function</var>'Mechanism_Code</code> yields an integer code for the
mechanism used for the result of function, and
<code><var>subprogram</var>'Mechanism_Code (<var>n</var>)</code> yields the mechanism
used for formal parameter number <var>n</var> (a static integer value with 1
meaning the first parameter) of <var>subprogram</var>.  The code returned is:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>1</dt>
<dd><p>by copy (value)
</p></dd>
<dt>2</dt>
<dd><p>by reference
</p></dd>
<dt>3</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (default descriptor class)
</p></dd>
<dt>4</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (UBS: unaligned bit string)
</p></dd>
<dt>5</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (UBSB: aligned bit string with arbitrary bounds)
</p></dd>
<dt>6</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (UBA: unaligned bit array)
</p></dd>
<dt>7</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (S: string, also scalar access type parameter)
</p></dd>
<dt>8</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (SB: string with arbitrary bounds)
</p></dd>
<dt>9</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (A: contiguous array)
</p></dd>
<dt>10</dt>
<dd><p>by descriptor (NCA: non-contiguous array)
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>Values from 3 through 10 are only relevant to Digital OpenVMS implementations.
<a name="index-OpenVMS-15"></a>
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Null_005fParameter"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Object_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Object_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Mechanism_005fCode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mechanism_Code</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Null_005fParameter-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Null_Parameter</h3>
<a name="index-Zero-address_002c-passing"></a>
<a name="index-Null_005fParameter"></a>
<p>A reference <code><var>T</var>'Null_Parameter</code> denotes an imaginary object of
type or subtype <var>T</var> allocated at machine address zero.  The attribute
is allowed only as the default expression of a formal parameter, or as
an actual expression of a subprogram call.  In either case, the
subprogram must be imported.
</p>
<p>The identity of the object is represented by the address zero in the
argument list, independent of the passing mechanism (explicit or
default).
</p>
<p>This capability is needed to specify that a zero address should be
passed for a record or other composite object passed by reference.
There is no way of indicating this without the <code>Null_Parameter</code>
attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Object_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference" accesskey="n" rel="next">Passed_By_Reference</a>, Previous: <a href="#Null_005fParameter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Null_Parameter</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Object_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Object_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Size_002c-used-for-objects"></a>
<a name="index-Object_005fSize"></a>
<p>The size of an object is not necessarily the same as the size of the type
of an object.  This is because by default object sizes are increased to be
a multiple of the alignment of the object.  For example,
<code>Natural'Size</code> is
31, but by default objects of type <code>Natural</code> will have a size of 32 bits.
Similarly, a record containing an integer and a character:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Rec is record
   I : Integer;
   C : Character;
end record;
</pre></div>

<p>will have a size of 40 (that is <code>Rec'Size</code> will be 40).  The
alignment will be 4, because of the
integer field, and so the default size of record objects for this type
will be 64 (8 bytes).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Passed_005fBy_005fReference"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pool_005fAddress" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pool_Address</a>, Previous: <a href="#Object_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Object_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Passed_005fBy_005fReference-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Passed_By_Reference</h3>
<a name="index-Parameters_002c-when-passed-by-reference"></a>
<a name="index-Passed_005fBy_005fReference"></a>
<p><code><var>type</var>'Passed_By_Reference</code> for any subtype <var>type</var> returns
a value of type <code>Boolean</code> value that is <code>True</code> if the type is
normally passed by reference and <code>False</code> if the type is normally
passed by copy in calls.  For scalar types, the result is always <code>False</code>
and is static.  For non-scalar types, the result is non-static.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pool_005fAddress"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Range_005fLength" accesskey="n" rel="next">Range_Length</a>, Previous: <a href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Passed_By_Reference</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pool_005fAddress-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Pool_Address</h3>
<a name="index-Parameters_002c-when-passed-by-reference-1"></a>
<a name="index-Pool_005fAddress"></a>
<p><code><var>X</var>'Pool_Address</code> for any object <var>X</var> returns the address
of X within its storage pool. This is the same as
<code><var>X</var>'Address</code>, except that for an unconstrained array whose
bounds are allocated just before the first component,
<code><var>X</var>'Pool_Address</code> returns the address of those bounds,
whereas <code><var>X</var>'Address</code> returns the address of the first
component.
</p>
<p>Here, we are interpreting &ldquo;storage pool&rdquo; broadly to mean &ldquo;wherever
the object is allocated&rdquo;, which could be a user-defined storage pool,
the global heap, on the stack, or in a static memory area. For an
object created by <code>new</code>, <code><var>Ptr.all</var>'Pool_Address</code> is
what is passed to <code>Allocate</code> and returned from <code>Deallocate</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Range_005fLength"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ref" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ref</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pool_005fAddress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pool_Address</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Range_005fLength-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Range_Length</h3>
<a name="index-Range_005fLength"></a>
<p><code><var>type</var>'Range_Length</code> for any discrete type <var>type</var> yields
the number of values represented by the subtype (zero for a null
range).  The result is static for static subtypes.  <code>Range_Length</code>
applied to the index subtype of a one dimensional array always gives the
same result as <code>Range</code> applied to the array itself.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ref"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Result" accesskey="n" rel="next">Result</a>, Previous: <a href="#Range_005fLength" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Range_Length</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ref-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Ref</h3>
<a name="index-Ref"></a>
<p>The <code>System.Address'Ref</code>
(<code>System.Address</code> is the only permissible prefix)
denotes a function identical to
<code>System.Storage_Elements.To_Address</code> except that
it is a static attribute.  See <a href="#To_005fAddress">To_Address</a> for more details.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Result"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Safe_005fEmax" accesskey="n" rel="next">Safe_Emax</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ref" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ref</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Result-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Result</h3>
<a name="index-Result"></a>
<p><code><var>function</var>'Result</code> can only be used with in a Postcondition pragma
for a function. The prefix must be the name of the corresponding function. This
is used to refer to the result of the function in the postcondition expression.
For a further discussion of the use of this attribute and examples of its use,
see the description of pragma Postcondition.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Safe_005fEmax"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Safe_005fLarge" accesskey="n" rel="next">Safe_Large</a>, Previous: <a href="#Result" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Result</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Safe_005fEmax-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Safe_Emax</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes-4"></a>
<a name="index-Safe_005fEmax"></a>
<p>The <code>Safe_Emax</code> attribute is provided for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Safe_005fLarge"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder" accesskey="n" rel="next">Scalar_Storage_Order</a>, Previous: <a href="#Safe_005fEmax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Safe_Emax</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Safe_005fLarge-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Safe_Large</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes-5"></a>
<a name="index-Safe_005fLarge"></a>
<p>The <code>Safe_Large</code> attribute is provided for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool" accesskey="n" rel="next">Simple_Storage_Pool</a>, Previous: <a href="#Safe_005fLarge" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Safe_Large</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Scalar_Storage_Order</h3>
<a name="index-Endianness"></a>
<a name="index-Scalar-storage-order"></a>
<a name="index-Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder"></a>
<p>For every array or record type <var>S</var>, the representation attribute
<code>Scalar_Storage_Order</code> denotes the order in which storage elements
that make up scalar components are ordered within S:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   --  Component type definitions

   subtype Yr_Type is Natural range 0 .. 127;
   subtype Mo_Type is Natural range 1 .. 12;
   subtype Da_Type is Natural range 1 .. 31;

   --  Record declaration

   type Date is record
      Years_Since_1980 : Yr_Type;
      Month            : Mo_Type;
      Day_Of_Month     : Da_Type;
   end record;

   --  Record representation clause

   for Date use record
      Years_Since_1980 at 0 range 0  ..  6;
      Month            at 0 range 7  .. 10;
      Day_Of_Month     at 0 range 11 .. 15;
   end record;

   --  Attribute definition clauses

   for Date'Bit_Order use System.High_Order_First;
   for Date'Scalar_Storage_Order use System.High_Order_First;
   --  If Scalar_Storage_Order is specified, it must be consistent with
   --  Bit_Order, so it's best to always define the latter explicitly if
   --  the former is used.
</pre></div>

<p>Other properties are
as for standard representation attribute <code>Bit_Order</code>, as defined by
Ada RM 13.5.3(4). The default is <code>System.Default_Bit_Order</code>.
</p>
<p>For a record type <var>S</var>, if <code><var>S</var>'Scalar_Storage_Order</code> is
specified explicitly, it shall be equal to <code><var>S</var>'Bit_Order</code>. Note:
this means that if a <code>Scalar_Storage_Order</code> attribute definition
clause is not confirming, then the type&rsquo;s <code>Bit_Order</code> shall be
specified explicitly and set to the same value.
</p>
<p>For a record extension, the derived type shall have the same scalar storage
order as the parent type.
</p>
<p>If a component of <var>S</var> has itself a record or array type, then it shall also
have a <code>Scalar_Storage_Order</code> attribute definition clause. In addition,
if the component does not start on a byte boundary, then the scalar storage
order specified for S and for the nested component type shall be identical.
</p>
<p>No component of a type that has a <code>Scalar_Storage_Order</code> attribute
definition may be aliased.
</p>
<p>A confirming <code>Scalar_Storage_Order</code> attribute definition clause (i.e.
with a value equal to <code>System.Default_Bit_Order</code>) has no effect.
</p>
<p>If the opposite storage order is specified, then whenever the value of
a scalar component of an object of type <var>S</var> is read, the storage
elements of the enclosing machine scalar are first reversed (before
retrieving the component value, possibly applying some shift and mask
operatings on the enclosing machine scalar), and the opposite operation
is done for writes.
</p>
<p>In that case, the restrictions set forth in 13.5.1(10.3/2) for scalar components
are relaxed. Instead, the following rules apply:
</p>
<ul>
<li> the underlying storage elements are those at positions
  <code>(position + first_bit / storage_element_size) ..
        (position + (last_bit + storage_element_size - 1) /
                    storage_element_size)</code>
</li><li> the sequence of underlying storage elements shall have
        a size no greater than the largest machine scalar
</li><li> the enclosing machine scalar is defined as the smallest machine
        scalar starting at a position no greater than
        <code>position + first_bit / storage_element_size</code> and covering
        storage elements at least up to <code>position + (last_bit +
        storage_element_size - 1) / storage_element_size</code>
</li><li> the position of the component is interpreted relative to that machine
 scalar.

</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Simple_005fStorage_005fPool"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Small" accesskey="n" rel="next">Small</a>, Previous: <a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Scalar_Storage_Order</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Simple_005fStorage_005fPool-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Simple_Storage_Pool</h3>
<a name="index-Storage-pool_002c-simple-1"></a>
<a name="index-Simple-storage-pool-1"></a>
<a name="index-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool"></a>
<p>For every nonformal, nonderived access-to-object type <var>Acc</var>, the
representation attribute <code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code> may be specified
via an attribute_definition_clause (or by specifying the equivalent aspect):
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">
My_Pool : My_Simple_Storage_Pool_Type;

type Acc is access My_Data_Type;

for Acc'Simple_Storage_Pool use My_Pool;

</pre></div>

<p>The name given in an attribute_definition_clause for the
<code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code> attribute shall denote a variable of
a &ldquo;simple storage pool type&rdquo; (see pragma <code>Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</code>).
</p>
<p>The use of this attribute is only allowed for a prefix denoting a type
for which it has been specified. The type of the attribute is the type
of the variable specified as the simple storage pool of the access type,
and the attribute denotes that variable.
</p>
<p>It is illegal to specify both <code>Storage_Pool</code> and <code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code>
for the same access type.
</p>
<p>If the <code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code> attribute has been specified for an access
type, then applying the <code>Storage_Pool</code> attribute to the type is flagged
with a warning and its evaluation raises the exception <code>Program_Error</code>.
</p>
<p>If the Simple_Storage_Pool attribute has been specified for an access
type <var>S</var>, then the evaluation of the attribute <code><var>S</var>'Storage_Size</code>
returns the result of calling <code>Storage_Size (<var>S</var>'Simple_Storage_Pool)</code>,
which is intended to indicate the number of storage elements reserved for
the simple storage pool. If the Storage_Size function has not been defined
for the simple storage pool type, then this attribute returns zero.
</p>
<p>If an access type <var>S</var> has a specified simple storage pool of type
<var>SSP</var>, then the evaluation of an allocator for that access type calls
the primitive <code>Allocate</code> procedure for type <var>SSP</var>, passing
<code><var>S</var>'Simple_Storage_Pool</code> as the pool parameter. The detailed
semantics of such allocators is the same as those defined for allocators
in section 13.11 of the Ada Reference Manual, with the term
&ldquo;simple storage pool&rdquo; substituted for &ldquo;storage pool&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>If an access type <var>S</var> has a specified simple storage pool of type
<var>SSP</var>, then a call to an instance of the <code>Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation</code>
for that access type invokes the primitive <code>Deallocate</code> procedure
for type <var>SSP</var>, passing <code><var>S</var>'Simple_Storage_Pool</code> as the pool
parameter. The detailed semantics of such unchecked deallocations is the same
as defined in section 13.11.2 of the Ada Reference Manual, except that the
term &ldquo;simple storage pool&rdquo; is substituted for &ldquo;storage pool&rdquo;.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Small"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Storage_005fUnit" accesskey="n" rel="next">Storage_Unit</a>, Previous: <a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Simple_Storage_Pool</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Small-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Small</h3>
<a name="index-Ada-83-attributes-6"></a>
<a name="index-Small"></a>
<p>The <code>Small</code> attribute is defined in Ada 95 (and Ada 2005) only for
fixed-point types.
GNAT also allows this attribute to be applied to floating-point types
for compatibility with Ada 83.  See
the Ada 83 reference manual for an exact description of the semantics of
this attribute when applied to floating-point types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Storage_005fUnit"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Stub_005fType" accesskey="n" rel="next">Stub_Type</a>, Previous: <a href="#Small" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Small</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Storage_005fUnit-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Storage_Unit</h3>
<a name="index-Storage_005fUnit-1"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Storage_Unit</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only permissible
prefix) provides the same value as <code>System.Storage_Unit</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Stub_005fType"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment" accesskey="n" rel="next">System_Allocator_Alignment</a>, Previous: <a href="#Storage_005fUnit" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Storage_Unit</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Stub_005fType-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Stub_Type</h3>
<a name="index-Stub_005fType"></a>
<p>The GNAT implementation of remote access-to-classwide types is
organized as described in AARM section E.4 (20.t): a value of an RACW type
(designating a remote object) is represented as a normal access
value, pointing to a &quot;stub&quot; object which in turn contains the
necessary information to contact the designated remote object. A
call on any dispatching operation of such a stub object does the
remote call, if necessary, using the information in the stub object
to locate the target partition, etc.
</p>
<p>For a prefix <code>T</code> that denotes a remote access-to-classwide type,
<code>T'Stub_Type</code> denotes the type of the corresponding stub objects.
</p>
<p>By construction, the layout of <code>T'Stub_Type</code> is identical to that of
type <code>RACW_Stub_Type</code> declared in the internal implementation-defined
unit <code>System.Partition_Interface</code>. Use of this attribute will create
an implicit dependency on this unit.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Target_005fName" accesskey="n" rel="next">Target_Name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Stub_005fType" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Stub_Type</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">System_Allocator_Alignment</h3>
<a name="index-Alignment_002c-allocator"></a>
<a name="index-System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment"></a>
<p><code>Standard'System_Allocator_Alignment</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only
permissible prefix) provides the observable guaranted to be honored by
the system allocator (malloc). This is a static value that can be used
in user storage pools based on malloc either to reject allocation
with alignment too large or to enable a realignment circuitry if the
alignment request is larger than this value.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Target_005fName"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Tick" accesskey="n" rel="next">Tick</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System_Allocator_Alignment</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Target_005fName-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Target_Name</h3>
<a name="index-Target_005fName"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Target_Name</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only permissible
prefix) provides a static string value that identifies the target
for the current compilation. For GCC implementations, this is the
standard gcc target name without the terminating slash (for
example, GNAT 5.0 on windows yields &quot;i586-pc-mingw32msv&quot;).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Tick"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#To_005fAddress" accesskey="n" rel="next">To_Address</a>, Previous: <a href="#Target_005fName" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Target_Name</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Tick-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Tick</h3>
<a name="index-Tick"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Tick</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only permissible prefix)
provides the same value as <code>System.Tick</code>,
</p>
<hr>
<a name="To_005fAddress"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Type_005fClass" accesskey="n" rel="next">Type_Class</a>, Previous: <a href="#Tick" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Tick</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="To_005fAddress-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">To_Address</h3>
<a name="index-To_005fAddress"></a>
<p>The <code>System'To_Address</code>
(<code>System</code> is the only permissible prefix)
denotes a function identical to
<code>System.Storage_Elements.To_Address</code> except that
it is a static attribute.  This means that if its argument is
a static expression, then the result of the attribute is a
static expression.  The result is that such an expression can be
used in contexts (e.g. preelaborable packages) which require a
static expression and where the function call could not be used
(since the function call is always non-static, even if its
argument is static).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Type_005fClass"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#UET_005fAddress" accesskey="n" rel="next">UET_Address</a>, Previous: <a href="#To_005fAddress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">To_Address</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Type_005fClass-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Type_Class</h3>
<a name="index-Type_005fClass"></a>
<p><code><var>type</var>'Type_Class</code> for any type or subtype <var>type</var> yields
the value of the type class for the full type of <var>type</var>.  If
<var>type</var> is a generic formal type, the value is the value for the
corresponding actual subtype.  The value of this attribute is of type
<code>System.Aux_DEC.Type_Class</code>, which has the following definition:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  type Type_Class is
    (Type_Class_Enumeration,
     Type_Class_Integer,
     Type_Class_Fixed_Point,
     Type_Class_Floating_Point,
     Type_Class_Array,
     Type_Class_Record,
     Type_Class_Access,
     Type_Class_Task,
     Type_Class_Address);
</pre></div>

<p>Protected types yield the value <code>Type_Class_Task</code>, which thus
applies to all concurrent types.  This attribute is designed to
be compatible with the DEC Ada 83 attribute of the same name.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="UET_005fAddress"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Unconstrained_005fArray" accesskey="n" rel="next">Unconstrained_Array</a>, Previous: <a href="#Type_005fClass" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Type_Class</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="UET_005fAddress-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">UET_Address</h3>
<a name="index-UET_005fAddress"></a>
<p>The <code>UET_Address</code> attribute can only be used for a prefix which
denotes a library package.  It yields the address of the unit exception
table when zero cost exception handling is used.  This attribute is
intended only for use within the GNAT implementation.  See the unit
<code>Ada.Exceptions</code> in files <samp>a-except.ads</samp> and <samp>a-except.adb</samp>
for details on how this attribute is used in the implementation.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Unconstrained_005fArray"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString" accesskey="n" rel="next">Universal_Literal_String</a>, Previous: <a href="#UET_005fAddress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">UET_Address</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Unconstrained_005fArray-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Unconstrained_Array</h3>
<a name="index-Unconstrained_005fArray"></a>
<p>The <code>Unconstrained_Array</code> attribute can be used with a prefix that
denotes any type or subtype. It is a static attribute that yields
<code>True</code> if the prefix designates an unconstrained array,
and <code>False</code> otherwise. In a generic instance, the result is
still static, and yields the result of applying this test to the
generic actual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Universal_005fLiteral_005fString"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess" accesskey="n" rel="next">Unrestricted_Access</a>, Previous: <a href="#Unconstrained_005fArray" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Unconstrained_Array</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Universal_005fLiteral_005fString-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Universal_Literal_String</h3>
<a name="index-Named-numbers_002c-representation-of"></a>
<a name="index-Universal_005fLiteral_005fString"></a>
<p>The prefix of <code>Universal_Literal_String</code> must be a named
number.  The static result is the string consisting of the characters of
the number as defined in the original source.  This allows the user
program to access the actual text of named numbers without intermediate
conversions and without the need to enclose the strings in quotes (which
would preclude their use as numbers).
</p>
<p>For example, the following program prints the first 50 digits of pi:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">with Text_IO; use Text_IO;
with Ada.Numerics;
procedure Pi is
begin
   Put (Ada.Numerics.Pi'Universal_Literal_String);
end;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Unrestricted_005fAccess"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Valid_005fScalars" accesskey="n" rel="next">Valid_Scalars</a>, Previous: <a href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Universal_Literal_String</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Unrestricted_005fAccess-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Unrestricted_Access</h3>
<a name="index-Access_002c-unrestricted"></a>
<a name="index-Unrestricted_005fAccess"></a>
<p>The <code>Unrestricted_Access</code> attribute is similar to <code>Access</code>
except that all accessibility and aliased view checks are omitted.  This
is a user-beware attribute.  It is similar to
<code>Address</code>, for which it is a desirable replacement where the value
desired is an access type.  In other words, its effect is identical to
first applying the <code>Address</code> attribute and then doing an unchecked
conversion to a desired access type.  In GNAT, but not necessarily in
other implementations, the use of static chains for inner level
subprograms means that <code>Unrestricted_Access</code> applied to a
subprogram yields a value that can be called as long as the subprogram
is in scope (normal Ada accessibility rules restrict this usage).
</p>
<p>It is possible to use <code>Unrestricted_Access</code> for any type, but care
must be exercised if it is used to create pointers to unconstrained
objects. In this case, the resulting pointer has the same scope as the
context of the attribute, and may not be returned to some enclosing
scope. For instance, a function cannot use <code>Unrestricted_Access</code>
to create a unconstrained pointer and then return that value to the
caller.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Valid_005fScalars"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#VADS_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">VADS_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Unrestricted_Access</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Valid_005fScalars-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Valid_Scalars</h3>
<a name="index-Valid_005fScalars"></a>
<p>The <code>'Valid_Scalars</code> attribute is intended to make it easier to
check the validity of scalar subcomponents of composite objects. It
is defined for any prefix <code>X</code> that denotes an object.
The value of this attribute is of the predefined type Boolean.
<code>X'Valid_Scalars</code> yields True if and only if evaluation of
<code>P'Valid</code> yields True for every scalar part P of X or if X has
no scalar parts. It is not specified in what order the scalar parts
are checked, nor whether any more are checked after any one of them
is determined to be invalid. If the prefix <code>X</code> is of a class-wide
type <code>T'Class</code> (where <code>T</code> is the associated specific type),
or if the prefix <code>X</code> is of a specific tagged type <code>T</code>, then
only the scalar parts of components of <code>T</code> are traversed; in other
words, components of extensions of <code>T</code> are not traversed even if
<code>T'Class (X)'Tag /= T'Tag</code> . The compiler will issue a warning if it can
be determined at compile time that the prefix of the attribute has no
scalar parts (e.g., if the prefix is of an access type, an interface type,
an undiscriminated task type, or an undiscriminated protected type).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="VADS_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Value_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Value_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Valid_005fScalars" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Valid_Scalars</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="VADS_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">VADS_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Size_002c-VADS-compatibility-1"></a>
<a name="index-VADS_005fSize"></a>
<p>The <code>'VADS_Size</code> attribute is intended to make it easier to port
legacy code which relies on the semantics of <code>'Size</code> as implemented
by the VADS Ada 83 compiler.  GNAT makes a best effort at duplicating the
same semantic interpretation.  In particular, <code>'VADS_Size</code> applied
to a predefined or other primitive type with no Size clause yields the
Object_Size (for example, <code>Natural'Size</code> is 32 rather than 31 on
typical machines).  In addition <code>'VADS_Size</code> applied to an object
gives the result that would be obtained by applying the attribute to
the corresponding type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Value_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wchar_005fT_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wchar_T_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#VADS_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">VADS_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Value_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Value_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Size_002c-setting-for-not_002dfirst-subtype"></a>
<a name="index-Value_005fSize"></a>
<p><code><var>type</var>'Value_Size</code> is the number of bits required to represent
a value of the given subtype.  It is the same as <code><var>type</var>'Size</code>,
but, unlike <code>Size</code>, may be set for non-first subtypes.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Wchar_005fT_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Word_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Word_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Value_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Value_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Wchar_005fT_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Wchar_T_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Wchar_005fT_005fSize"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Wchar_T_Size</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only permissible
prefix) provides the size in bits of the C <code>wchar_t</code> type
primarily for constructing the definition of this type in
package <code>Interfaces.C</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Word_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wchar_005fT_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wchar_T_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation Defined Attributes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Word_005fSize-1"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Word_Size</h3>
<a name="index-Word_005fSize"></a>
<p><code>Standard'Word_Size</code> (<code>Standard</code> is the only permissible
prefix) provides the value <code>System.Word_Size</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implementation-Advice" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implementation Advice</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implementation Defined Attributes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</h2>

<p>All RM defined Restriction identifiers are implemented:
</p>
<ul>
<li> language-defined restrictions (see 13.12.1)
</li><li> tasking restrictions (see D.7)
</li><li> high integrity restrictions (see H.4)
</li></ul>

<p>GNAT implements additional restriction identifiers. All restrictions, whether
language defined or GNAT-specific, are listed in the following.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="1">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="2">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Partition_002dWide-Restrictions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Word_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Word_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Partition_002dWide-Restrictions-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.1 Partition-Wide Restrictions</h3>

<p>There are two separate lists of restriction identifiers. The first
set requires consistency throughout a partition (in other words, if the
restriction identifier is used for any compilation unit in the partition,
then all compilation units in the partition must obey the restriction).
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Immediate_005fReclamation" accesskey="1">Immediate_Reclamation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting" accesskey="2">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength" accesskey="3">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fProtected_005fEntries" accesskey="4">Max_Protected_Entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives" accesskey="5">Max_Select_Alternatives</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking" accesskey="6">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fTask_005fEntries" accesskey="7">Max_Task_Entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Max_005fTasks" accesskey="8">Max_Tasks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAbort_005fStatements" accesskey="9">No_Abort_Statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms">No_Access_Subprograms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAllocators">No_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators">No_Anonymous_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fCalendar">No_Calendar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fCoextensions">No_Coextensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDefault_005fInitialization">No_Default_Initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDelay">No_Delay</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDependence">No_Dependence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDispatch">No_Dispatch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDispatching_005fCalls">No_Dispatching_Calls</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment">No_Dynamic_Attachment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities">No_Dynamic_Priorities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps">No_Enumeration_Maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fException_005fHandlers">No_Exception_Handlers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fException_005fPropagation">No_Exception_Propagation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fException_005fRegistration">No_Exception_Registration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fExceptions">No_Exceptions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fFinalization">No_Finalization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fFixed_005fPoint">No_Fixed_Point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fFloating_005fPoint">No_Floating_Point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals">No_Implicit_Conditionals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fLoops">No_Implicit_Loops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fInitialize_005fScalars">No_Initialize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fIO">No_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fAllocators">No_Local_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects">No_Local_Protected_Objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents">No_Local_Timing_Events</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fNested_005fFinalization">No_Nested_Finalization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fTypes">No_Protected_Types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fRecursion">No_Recursion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fReentrancy">No_Reentrancy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fRelative_005fDelay">No_Relative_Delay</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fRequeue_005fStatements">No_Requeue_Statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSecondary_005fStack">No_Secondary_Stack</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSelect_005fStatements">No_Select_Statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect">No_Specification_of_Aspect</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStream_005fOptimizations">No_Stream_Optimizations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fStreams">No_Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAllocators">No_Task_Allocators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage">No_Task_Attributes_Package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fHierarchy">No_Task_Hierarchy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTask_005fTermination">No_Task_Termination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTasking">No_Tasking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives">No_Terminate_Alternatives</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess">No_Unchecked_Access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Simple_005fBarriers">Simple_Barriers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Static_005fPriorities">Static_Priorities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Static_005fStorage_005fSize">Static_Storage_Size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Immediate_005fReclamation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</a>, Previous: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Immediate_005fReclamation-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Immediate_Reclamation</h4>
<a name="index-Immediate_005fReclamation"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures that, except for storage occupied by
objects created by allocators and not deallocated via unchecked
deallocation, any storage reserved at run time for an object is
immediately reclaimed when the object no longer exists.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</a>, Previous: <a href="#Immediate_005fReclamation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Immediate_Reclamation</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies the maximum dynamic nesting level of asynchronous
selects. Violations of this restriction with a value of zero are
detected at compile time. Violations of this restriction with values
other than zero cause Storage_Error to be raised.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fProtected_005fEntries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Protected_Entries</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction is a declaration that any protected entry compiled in
the scope of the restriction has at most the specified number of
tasks waiting on the entry at any one time, and so no queue is required.
Note that this restriction is checked at run time. Violation of this
restriction results in the raising of Program_Error exception at the point of
the call.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fProtected_005fEntries"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Select_Alternatives</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fProtected_005fEntries-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Protected_Entries</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fProtected_005fEntries"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies the maximum number of entries per protected type. The
bounds of every entry family of a protected unit shall be static, or shall be
defined by a discriminant of a subtype whose corresponding bound is static.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fProtected_005fEntries" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Protected_Entries</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Select_Alternatives</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies the maximum number of alternatives in a selective accept.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fTask_005fEntries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Task_Entries</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Select_Alternatives</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies the maximum portion (in storage elements) of a task&rsquo;s
Storage_Size that can be retained by a blocked task. A violation of this
restriction causes Storage_Error to be raised.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fTask_005fEntries"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Max_005fTasks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Max_Tasks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fTask_005fEntries-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Task_Entries</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fTask_005fEntries"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies the maximum number of entries
per task.  The bounds of every entry family
of a task unit shall be static, or shall be
defined by a discriminant of a subtype whose
corresponding bound is static.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Max_005fTasks"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fAbort_005fStatements" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Abort_Statements</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fTask_005fEntries" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Task_Entries</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Max_005fTasks-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Max_Tasks</h4>
<a name="index-Max_005fTasks"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies the maximum number of task that may be created, not
counting the creation of the environment task.  Violations of this
restriction with a value of zero are detected at compile
time. Violations of this restriction with values other than zero cause
Storage_Error to be raised.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fAbort_005fStatements"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</a>, Previous: <a href="#Max_005fTasks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Max_Tasks</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fAbort_005fStatements-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Abort_Statements</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fAbort_005fStatements"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] There are no abort_statements, and there are
no calls to Task_Identification.Abort_Task.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Access_Subprograms</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fAbort_005fStatements" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Abort_Statements</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of an allocator as the actual parameter to an access
parameter.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fAllocators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Allocators</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Access_Subprograms</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
declarations of access-to-subprogram types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fAllocators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Anonymous_Allocators</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Access_Subprograms</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fAllocators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Allocators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fAllocators"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of an allocator.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fCalendar" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Calendar</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fAllocators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Allocators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Anonymous_Allocators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of an allocator of anonymous access type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fCalendar"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fCoextensions" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Coextensions</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Anonymous_Allocators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fCalendar-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Calendar</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fCalendar"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that there is no implicit or
explicit dependence on the package <code>Ada.Calendar</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fCoextensions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDefault_005fInitialization" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Default_Initialization</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fCalendar" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Calendar</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fCoextensions-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Coextensions</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fCoextensions"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
coextensions. See 3.10.2.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDefault_005fInitialization"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDelay" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Delay</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fCoextensions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Coextensions</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDefault_005fInitialization-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Default_Initialization</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDefault_005fInitialization"></a>

<p>[GNAT] This restriction prohibits any instance of default initialization
of variables.  The binder implements a consistency rule which prevents
any unit compiled without the restriction from with&rsquo;ing a unit with the
restriction (this allows the generation of initialization procedures to
be skipped, since you can be sure that no call is ever generated to an
initialization procedure in a unit with the restriction active). If used
in conjunction with Initialize_Scalars or Normalize_Scalars, the effect
is to prohibit all cases of variables declared without a specific
initializer (including the case of OUT scalar parameters).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDelay"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDependence" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Dependence</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDefault_005fInitialization" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Default_Initialization</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDelay-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Delay</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDelay"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
delay statements and no dependences on package Calendar.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDependence"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDelay" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Delay</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDependence-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Dependence</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDependence"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that there are no
dependence on a library unit.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDispatch" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Dispatch</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDependence" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Dependence</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures that no logical (and/or/xor) are used on
operands of type Boolean (or any type derived
from Boolean). This is intended for use in safety critical programs
where the certification protocol requires the use of short-circuit
(and then, or else) forms for all composite boolean operations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDispatch"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDispatching_005fCalls" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Dispatching_Calls</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDispatch-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Dispatch</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDispatch"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of <code>T'Class</code>, for any (tagged) subtype <code>T</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDispatching_005fCalls"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Dynamic_Attachment</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDispatch" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Dispatch</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDispatching_005fCalls-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Dispatching_Calls</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDispatching_005fCalls"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that the code generated by the
compiler involves no dispatching calls. The use of this restriction allows the
safe use of record extensions, classwide membership tests and other classwide
features not involving implicit dispatching. This restriction ensures that
the code contains no indirect calls through a dispatching mechanism. Note that
this includes internally-generated calls created by the compiler, for example
in the implementation of class-wide objects assignments. The
membership test is allowed in the presence of this restriction, because its
implementation requires no dispatching.
This restriction is comparable to the official Ada restriction
<code>No_Dispatch</code> except that it is a bit less restrictive in that it allows
all classwide constructs that do not imply dispatching.
The following example indicates constructs that violate this restriction.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Pkg is
  type T is tagged record
    Data : Natural;
  end record;
  procedure P (X : T);

  type DT is new T with record
    More_Data : Natural;
  end record;
  procedure Q (X : DT);
end Pkg;

with Pkg; use Pkg;
procedure Example is
  procedure Test (O : T'Class) is
    N : Natural  := O'Size;--  Error: Dispatching call
    C : T'Class := O;      --  Error: implicit Dispatching Call
  begin
    if O in DT'Class then  --  OK   : Membership test
       Q (DT (O));         --  OK   : Type conversion plus direct call
    else
       P (O);              --  Error: Dispatching call
    end if;
  end Test;

  Obj : DT;
begin
  P (Obj);                 --  OK   : Direct call
  P (T (Obj));             --  OK   : Type conversion plus direct call
  P (T'Class (Obj));       --  Error: Dispatching call

  Test (Obj);              --  OK   : Type conversion

  if Obj in T'Class then   --  OK   : Membership test
     null;
  end if;
end Example;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Dynamic_Priorities</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDispatching_005fCalls" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Dispatching_Calls</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Dynamic_Attachment</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures that there is no call to any of the
operations defined in package Ada.Interrupts
(Is_Reserved, Is_Attached, Current_Handler, Attach_Handler, Exchange_Handler,
Detach_Handler, and Reference).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Dynamic_Attachment</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Dynamic_Priorities</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] There are no semantic dependencies on the package Dynamic_Priorities.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Enumeration_Maps</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Dynamic_Priorities</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that no task or protected entry
calls are made during elaboration code.  As a result of the use of this
restriction, the compiler can assume that no code past an accept statement
in a task can be executed at elaboration time.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fException_005fHandlers" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Exception_Handlers</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Enumeration_Maps</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that no operations requiring
enumeration maps are used (that is Image and Value attributes applied
to enumeration types).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fException_005fHandlers"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fException_005fPropagation" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Exception_Propagation</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Enumeration_Maps</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fException_005fHandlers-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Exception_Handlers</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fException_005fHandlers"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no explicit
exception handlers. It also indicates that no exception propagation will
be provided. In this mode, exceptions may be raised but will result in
an immediate call to the last chance handler, a routine that the user
must define with the following profile:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">procedure Last_Chance_Handler
  (Source_Location : System.Address; Line : Integer);
pragma Export (C, Last_Chance_Handler,
               &quot;__gnat_last_chance_handler&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>The parameter is a C null-terminated string representing a message to be
associated with the exception (typically the source location of the raise
statement generated by the compiler). The Line parameter when nonzero
represents the line number in the source program where the raise occurs.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fException_005fPropagation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fException_005fRegistration" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Exception_Registration</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fException_005fHandlers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Exception_Handlers</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fException_005fPropagation-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Exception_Propagation</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fException_005fPropagation"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction guarantees that exceptions are never propagated
to an outer subprogram scope. The only case in which an exception may
be raised is when the handler is statically in the same subprogram, so
that the effect of a raise is essentially like a goto statement. Any
other raise statement (implicit or explicit) will be considered
unhandled. Exception handlers are allowed, but may not contain an
exception occurrence identifier (exception choice). In addition, use of
the package GNAT.Current_Exception is not permitted, and reraise
statements (raise with no operand) are not permitted.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fException_005fRegistration"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fExceptions" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Exceptions</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fException_005fPropagation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Exception_Propagation</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fException_005fRegistration-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Exception_Registration</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fException_005fRegistration"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that no stream operations for
types Exception_Id or Exception_Occurrence are used. This also makes it
impossible to pass exceptions to or from a partition with this restriction
in a distributed environment. If this exception is active, then the generated
code is simplified by omitting the otherwise-required global registration
of exceptions when they are declared.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fExceptions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fFinalization" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Finalization</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fException_005fRegistration" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Exception_Registration</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fExceptions-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Exceptions</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fExceptions"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
raise statements and no exception handlers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fFinalization"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fFixed_005fPoint" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Fixed_Point</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fExceptions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Exceptions</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fFinalization-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Finalization</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fFinalization"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction disables the language features described in
chapter 7.6 of the Ada 2005 RM as well as all form of code generation
performed by the compiler to support these features. The following types
are no longer considered controlled when this restriction is in effect:
</p><ul>
<li> <code>Ada.Finalization.Controlled</code>
</li><li> <code>Ada.Finalization.Limited_Controlled</code>
</li><li> Derivations from <code>Controlled</code> or <code>Limited_Controlled</code>
</li><li> Class-wide types
</li><li> Protected types
</li><li> Task types
</li><li> Array and record types with controlled components
</li></ul>
<p>The compiler no longer generates code to initialize, finalize or adjust an
object or a nested component, either declared on the stack or on the heap. The
deallocation of a controlled object no longer finalizes its contents.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fFixed_005fPoint"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fFloating_005fPoint" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Floating_Point</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fFinalization" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Finalization</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fFixed_005fPoint-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Fixed_Point</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fFixed_005fPoint"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of fixed point types and operations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fFloating_005fPoint"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implicit_Conditionals</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fFixed_005fPoint" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Fixed_Point</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fFloating_005fPoint-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Floating_Point</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fFloating_005fPoint"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of floating point types and operations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fFloating_005fPoint" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Floating_Point</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implicit_Conditionals</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures that the generated code does not contain any
implicit conditionals, either by modifying the generated code where possible,
or by rejecting any construct that would otherwise generate an implicit
conditional. Note that this check does not include run time constraint
checks, which on some targets may generate implicit conditionals as
well. To control the latter, constraint checks can be suppressed in the
normal manner. Constructs generating implicit conditionals include comparisons
of composite objects and the Max/Min attributes.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implicit_Conditionals</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode"></a>
<a name="index-trampoline"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction prevents the compiler from building &ldquo;trampolines&rdquo;.
This is a structure that is built on the stack and contains dynamic
code to be executed at run time. On some targets, a trampoline is
built for the following features: <code>Access</code>,
<code>Unrestricted_Access</code>, or <code>Address</code> of a nested subprogram;
nested task bodies; primitive operations of nested tagged types.
Trampolines do not work on machines that prevent execution of stack
data. For example, on windows systems, enabling DEP (data execution
protection) will cause trampolines to raise an exception.
Trampolines are also quite slow at run time.
</p>
<p>On many targets, trampolines have been largely eliminated. Look at the
version of system.ads for your target &mdash; if it has
Always_Compatible_Rep equal to False, then trampolines are largely
eliminated. In particular, a trampoline is built for the following
features: <code>Address</code> of a nested subprogram;
<code>Access</code> or <code>Unrestricted_Access</code> of a nested subprogram,
but only if pragma Favor_Top_Level applies, or the access type has a
foreign-language convention; primitive operations of nested tagged
types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fLoops" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implicit_Loops</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] No constructs are allowed to cause implicit heap allocation.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fLoops"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fInitialize_005fScalars" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Initialize_Scalars</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fLoops-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implicit_Loops</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplicit_005fLoops"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures that the generated code does not contain any
implicit <code>for</code> loops, either by modifying
the generated code where possible,
or by rejecting any construct that would otherwise generate an implicit
<code>for</code> loop. If this restriction is active, it is possible to build
large array aggregates with all static components without generating an
intermediate temporary, and without generating a loop to initialize individual
components. Otherwise, a loop is created for arrays larger than about 5000
scalar components.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fInitialize_005fScalars"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fLoops" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implicit_Loops</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fInitialize_005fScalars-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Initialize_Scalars</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fInitialize_005fScalars"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures that no unit in the partition is compiled with
pragma Initialize_Scalars. This allows the generation of more efficient
code, and in particular eliminates dummy null initialization routines that
are otherwise generated for some record and array types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fAllocators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Local_Allocators</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fInitialize_005fScalars" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Initialize_Scalars</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fIO-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_IO</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fIO"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
dependences on any of the library units Sequential_IO, Direct_IO,
Text_IO, Wide_Text_IO, Wide_Wide_Text_IO, or Stream_IO.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fLocal_005fAllocators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Local_Protected_Objects</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fLocal_005fAllocators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Local_Allocators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fLocal_005fAllocators"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of an allocator in subprograms, generic subprograms, tasks,
and entry bodies.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Local_Timing_Events</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fAllocators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Local_Allocators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Local_Protected_Objects</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures at compile time that protected objects are
only declared at the library level.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fNested_005fFinalization" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Nested_Finalization</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Local_Protected_Objects</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Local_Timing_Events</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] All objects of type Ada.Timing_Events.Timing_Event are
declared at the library level.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fNested_005fFinalization"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Local_Timing_Events</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fNested_005fFinalization-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Nested_Finalization</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fNested_005fFinalization"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] All objects requiring finalization are declared at the library level.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fTypes" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Protected_Types</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fNested_005fFinalization" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Nested_Finalization</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no allocator
expressions that attempt to allocate protected objects.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fProtected_005fTypes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fRecursion" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Recursion</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fProtected_005fTypes-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Protected_Types</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fProtected_005fTypes"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
declarations of protected types or protected objects.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fRecursion"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fReentrancy" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Reentrancy</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fProtected_005fTypes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Protected_Types</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fRecursion-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Recursion</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fRecursion"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] A program execution is erroneous if a subprogram is invoked as
part of its execution.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fReentrancy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fRelative_005fDelay" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Relative_Delay</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fRecursion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Recursion</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fReentrancy-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Reentrancy</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fReentrancy"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] A program execution is erroneous if a subprogram is executed by
two tasks at the same time.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fRelative_005fDelay"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fRequeue_005fStatements" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Requeue_Statements</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fReentrancy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Reentrancy</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fRelative_005fDelay-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Relative_Delay</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fRelative_005fDelay"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no delay
relative statements and prevents expressions such as <code>delay 1.23;</code> from
appearing in source code.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fRequeue_005fStatements"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fSecondary_005fStack" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Secondary_Stack</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fRelative_005fDelay" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Relative_Delay</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fRequeue_005fStatements-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Requeue_Statements</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fRequeue_005fStatements"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures at compile time that no requeue statements
are permitted and prevents keyword <code>requeue</code> from being used in source
code.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fSecondary_005fStack"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fSelect_005fStatements" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Select_Statements</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fRequeue_005fStatements" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Requeue_Statements</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fSecondary_005fStack-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Secondary_Stack</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fSecondary_005fStack"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that the generated code
does not contain any reference to the secondary stack.  The secondary
stack is used to implement functions returning unconstrained objects
(arrays or records) on some targets.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fSelect_005fStatements"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fSecondary_005fStack" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Secondary_Stack</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fSelect_005fStatements-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Select_Statements</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fSelect_005fStatements"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures at compile time no select statements of any
kind are permitted, that is the keyword <code>select</code> may not appear.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Specification_of_Aspect</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fSelect_005fStatements" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Select_Statements</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] There are no calls to Ada.Task_Termination.Set_Specific_Handler
or to Ada.Task_Termination.Specific_Handler.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Specification_of_Aspect</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that no aspect
specification, attribute definition clause, or pragma is given for a
given aspect.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Specification_of_Aspect</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Specifies that an allocator using a standard storage pool
should never be evaluated at run time after the elaboration of the
library items of the partition has completed. Otherwise, Storage_Error
is raised.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fStream_005fOptimizations" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Stream_Optimizations</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that no access types
use the standard default storage pool.  Any access type declared must
have an explicit Storage_Pool attribute defined specifying a
user-defined storage pool.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fStream_005fOptimizations"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fStreams" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Streams</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fStream_005fOptimizations-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Stream_Optimizations</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fStream_005fOptimizations"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction affects the performance of stream operations on types
<code>String</code>, <code>Wide_String</code> and <code>Wide_Wide_String</code>. By default, the
compiler uses block reads and writes when manipulating <code>String</code> objects
due to their supperior performance. When this restriction is in effect, the
compiler performs all IO operations on a per-character basis.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fStreams"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAllocators" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Task_Allocators</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fStream_005fOptimizations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Stream_Optimizations</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fStreams-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Streams</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fStreams"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile/bind time that there are no
stream objects created and no use of stream attributes.
This restriction does not forbid dependences on the package
<code>Ada.Streams</code>. So it is permissible to with
<code>Ada.Streams</code> (or another package that does so itself)
as long as no actual stream objects are created and no
stream attributes are used.
</p>
<p>Note that the use of restriction allows optimization of tagged types,
since they do not need to worry about dispatching stream operations.
To take maximum advantage of this space-saving optimization, any
unit declaring a tagged type should be compiled with the restriction,
though this is not required.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fAllocators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Task_Attributes_Package</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fStreams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Streams</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fAllocators-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Task_Allocators</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fTask_005fAllocators"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] There are no allocators for task types
or types containing task subcomponents.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fHierarchy" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Task_Hierarchy</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAllocators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Task_Allocators</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Task_Attributes_Package</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no implicit or
explicit dependencies on the package <code>Ada.Task_Attributes</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fHierarchy"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fTermination" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Task_Termination</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Task_Attributes_Package</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fHierarchy-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Task_Hierarchy</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fTask_005fHierarchy"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] All (non-environment) tasks depend
directly on the environment task of the partition.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fTermination"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fTasking" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Tasking</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fHierarchy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Task_Hierarchy</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fTask_005fTermination-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Task_Termination</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fTask_005fTermination"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] Tasks which terminate are erroneous.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fTasking"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Terminate_Alternatives</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fTask_005fTermination" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Task_Termination</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fTasking-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Tasking</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fTasking"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction prevents the declaration of tasks or task types
throughout the partition.  It is similar in effect to the use of
<code>Max_Tasks =&gt; 0</code> except that violations are caught at compile time
and cause an error message to be output either by the compiler or
binder.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Unchecked_Access</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fTasking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Tasking</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Terminate_Alternatives</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] There are no selective accepts with terminate alternatives.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Simple_005fBarriers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Simple_Barriers</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Terminate_Alternatives</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Unchecked_Access</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess"></a>
<p>[RM H.4] This restriction ensures at compile time that there are no
occurrences of the Unchecked_Access attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Simple_005fBarriers"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Static_005fPriorities" accesskey="n" rel="next">Static_Priorities</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Unchecked_Access</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Simple_005fBarriers-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Simple_Barriers</h4>
<a name="index-Simple_005fBarriers"></a>
<p>[RM D.7] This restriction ensures at compile time that barriers in entry
declarations for protected types are restricted to either static boolean
expressions or references to simple boolean variables defined in the private
part of the protected type.  No other form of entry barriers is permitted.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Static_005fPriorities"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Static_005fStorage_005fSize" accesskey="n" rel="next">Static_Storage_Size</a>, Previous: <a href="#Simple_005fBarriers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Simple_Barriers</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Static_005fPriorities-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Static_Priorities</h4>
<a name="index-Static_005fPriorities"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that all priority expressions
are static, and that there are no dependences on the package
<code>Ada.Dynamic_Priorities</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Static_005fStorage_005fSize"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fElaboration_005fCode" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Elaboration_Code</a>, Previous: <a href="#Static_005fPriorities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Static_Priorities</a>, Up: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Static_005fStorage_005fSize-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">Static_Storage_Size</h4>
<a name="index-Static_005fStorage_005fSize"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that any expression appearing
in a Storage_Size pragma or attribute definition clause is static.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Immediate_005fReclamation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Immediate_Reclamation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Partition-Wide Restrictions</a>, Up: <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.2 Program Unit Level Restrictions</h3>

<p>The second set of restriction identifiers
does not require partition-wide consistency.
The restriction may be enforced for a single
compilation unit without any effect on any of the
other compilation units in the partition.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fElaboration_005fCode" accesskey="1">No_Elaboration_Code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fQueue" accesskey="2">No_Entry_Queue</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications" accesskey="3">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes" accesskey="4">No_Implementation_Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers" accesskey="5">No_Implementation_Identifiers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas" accesskey="6">No_Implementation_Pragmas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions" accesskey="7">No_Implementation_Restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fUnits" accesskey="8">No_Implementation_Units</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing" accesskey="9">No_Implicit_Aliasing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures">No_Obsolescent_Features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No_005fWide_005fCharacters">No_Wide_Characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SPARK">SPARK</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="No_005fElaboration_005fCode"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fQueue" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Entry_Queue</a>, Previous: <a href="#Static_005fStorage_005fSize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Static_Storage_Size</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fElaboration_005fCode-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Elaboration_Code</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fElaboration_005fCode"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that no elaboration code is
generated.  Note that this is not the same condition as is enforced
by pragma <code>Preelaborate</code>.  There are cases in which pragma
<code>Preelaborate</code> still permits code to be generated (e.g. code
to initialize a large array to all zeroes), and there are cases of units
which do not meet the requirements for pragma <code>Preelaborate</code>,
but for which no elaboration code is generated.  Generally, it is
the case that preelaborable units will meet the restrictions, with
the exception of large aggregates initialized with an others_clause,
and exception declarations (which generate calls to a run-time
registry procedure).  This restriction is enforced on
a unit by unit basis, it need not be obeyed consistently
throughout a partition.
</p>
<p>In the case of aggregates with others, if the aggregate has a dynamic
size, there is no way to eliminate the elaboration code (such dynamic
bounds would be incompatible with <code>Preelaborate</code> in any case). If
the bounds are static, then use of this restriction actually modifies
the code choice of the compiler to avoid generating a loop, and instead
generate the aggregate statically if possible, no matter how many times
the data for the others clause must be repeatedly generated.
</p>
<p>It is not possible to precisely document
the constructs which are compatible with this restriction, since,
unlike most other restrictions, this is not a restriction on the
source code, but a restriction on the generated object code. For
example, if the source contains a declaration:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   Val : constant Integer := X;
</pre></div>

<p>where X is not a static constant, it may be possible, depending
on complex optimization circuitry, for the compiler to figure
out the value of X at compile time, in which case this initialization
can be done by the loader, and requires no initialization code. It
is not possible to document the precise conditions under which the
optimizer can figure this out.
</p>
<p>Note that this the implementation of this restriction requires full
code generation. If it is used in conjunction with &quot;semantics only&quot;
checking, then some cases of violations may be missed.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fEntry_005fQueue"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fElaboration_005fCode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Elaboration_Code</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fEntry_005fQueue-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Entry_Queue</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fEntry_005fQueue"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction is a declaration that any protected entry compiled in
the scope of the restriction has at most one task waiting on the entry
at any one time, and so no queue is required.  This restriction is not
checked at compile time.  A program execution is erroneous if an attempt
is made to queue a second task on such an entry.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implementation_Attributes</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fEntry_005fQueue" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Entry_Queue</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that no
GNAT-defined aspects are present.  With this restriction, the only
aspects that can be used are those defined in the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implementation_Identifiers</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implementation_Attributes</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that no
GNAT-defined attributes are present.  With this restriction, the only
attributes that can be used are those defined in the Ada Reference
Manual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implementation_Pragmas</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implementation_Attributes</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implementation_Identifiers</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that no
implementation-defined identifiers (marked with pragma Implementation_Defined)
occur within language-defined packages.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implementation_Restrictions</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implementation_Identifiers</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implementation_Pragmas</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that no
GNAT-defined pragmas are present.  With this restriction, the only
pragmas that can be used are those defined in the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fUnits" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implementation_Units</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implementation_Pragmas</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implementation_Restrictions</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction checks at compile time that no GNAT-defined restriction
identifiers (other than <code>No_Implementation_Restrictions</code> itself)
are present.  With this restriction, the only other restriction identifiers
that can be used are those defined in the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fUnits"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Implicit_Aliasing</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implementation_Restrictions</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplementation_005fUnits-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implementation_Units</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplementation_005fUnits"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that there is no
mention in the context clause of any implementation-defined descendants
of packages Ada, Interfaces, or System.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Obsolescent_Features</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fUnits" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implementation_Units</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Implicit_Aliasing</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction, which is not required to be partition-wide consistent,
requires an explicit aliased keyword for an object to which &rsquo;Access,
&rsquo;Unchecked_Access, or &rsquo;Address is applied, and forbids entirely the use of
the &rsquo;Unrestricted_Access attribute for objects. Note: the reason that
Unrestricted_Access is forbidden is that it would require the prefix
to be aliased, and in such cases, it can always be replaced by
the standard attribute Unchecked_Access which is preferable.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#No_005fWide_005fCharacters" accesskey="n" rel="next">No_Wide_Characters</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Implicit_Aliasing</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Obsolescent_Features</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures"></a>
<p>[RM 13.12.1] This restriction checks at compile time that no obsolescent
features are used, as defined in Annex J of the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="No_005fWide_005fCharacters"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SPARK" accesskey="n" rel="next">SPARK</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Obsolescent_Features</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="No_005fWide_005fCharacters-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">No_Wide_Characters</h4>
<a name="index-No_005fWide_005fCharacters"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction ensures at compile time that no uses of the types
<code>Wide_Character</code> or <code>Wide_String</code> or corresponding wide
wide types
appear, and that no wide or wide wide string or character literals
appear in the program (that is literals representing characters not in
type <code>Character</code>).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="SPARK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Standard-I_002fO-Packages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Standard I/O Packages</a>, Previous: <a href="#No_005fWide_005fCharacters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No_Wide_Characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Program Unit Level Restrictions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SPARK-1"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsec">SPARK</h4>
<a name="index-SPARK"></a>
<p>[GNAT] This restriction checks at compile time that some constructs
forbidden in SPARK are not present. The SPARK version used as a
reference is the same as the Ada mode for the unit, so a unit compiled
in Ada 95 mode with SPARK restrictions will be checked for constructs
forbidden in SPARK 95.  Error messages related to SPARK restriction have
the form:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">violation of restriction &quot;SPARK&quot; at &lt;file&gt;
 &lt;error message&gt;
</pre></div>

<p>This is not a replacement for the semantic checks performed by the
SPARK Examiner tool, as the compiler only deals currently with code,
not at all with SPARK annotations and does not guarantee catching all
cases of constructs forbidden by SPARK.
</p>
<p>Thus it may well be the case that code which
passes the compiler in SPARK mode is rejected by the SPARK Examiner,
e.g. due to the different visibility rules of the Examiner based on
SPARK <code>inherit</code> annotations.
</p>
<p>This restriction can be useful in providing an initial filter for
code developed using SPARK, or in examining legacy code to see how far
it is from meeting SPARK restrictions.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Implementation-Advice"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Characteristics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implementation Defined Characteristics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implementation-Advice-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Implementation Advice</h2>
<p>The main text of the Ada Reference Manual describes the required
behavior of all Ada compilers, and the GNAT compiler conforms to
these requirements.
</p>
<p>In addition, there are sections throughout the Ada Reference Manual headed
by the phrase &ldquo;Implementation advice&rdquo;.  These sections are not normative,
i.e., they do not specify requirements that all compilers must
follow.  Rather they provide advice on generally desirable behavior.  You
may wonder why they are not requirements.  The most typical answer is
that they describe behavior that seems generally desirable, but cannot
be provided on all systems, or which may be undesirable on some systems.
</p>
<p>As far as practical, GNAT follows the implementation advice sections in
the Ada Reference Manual.  This chapter contains a table giving the
reference manual section number, paragraph number and several keywords
for each advice.  Each entry consists of the text of the advice followed
by the GNAT interpretation of this advice.  Most often, this simply says
&ldquo;followed&rdquo;, which means that GNAT follows the advice.  However, in a
number of cases, GNAT deliberately deviates from this advice, in which
case the text describes what GNAT does and why.
</p>
<a name="index-Error-detection"></a>
<a name="g_t1_002e1_002e3_002820_0029_003a-Error-Detection"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">1.1.3(20): Error Detection</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation detects the use of an unsupported Specialized Needs
Annex feature at run time, it should raise <code>Program_Error</code> if
feasible.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not relevant.  All specialized needs annex features are either supported,
or diagnosed at compile time.
</p>
<a name="index-Child-Units"></a>
<a name="g_t1_002e1_002e3_002831_0029_003a-Child-Units"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">1.1.3(31): Child Units</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation wishes to provide implementation-defined
extensions to the functionality of a language-defined library unit, it
should normally do so by adding children to the library unit.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Bounded-errors"></a>
<a name="g_t1_002e1_002e5_002812_0029_003a-Bounded-Errors"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">1.1.5(12): Bounded Errors</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation detects a bounded error or erroneous
execution, it should raise <code>Program_Error</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed in all cases in which the implementation detects a bounded
error or erroneous execution.  Not all such situations are detected at
runtime.
</p>
<a name="index-Pragmas"></a>
<a name="g_t2_002e8_002816_0029_003a-Pragmas"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">2.8(16): Pragmas</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Normally, implementation-defined pragmas should have no semantic effect
for error-free programs; that is, if the implementation-defined pragmas
are removed from a working program, the program should still be legal,
and should still have the same semantics.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The following implementation defined pragmas are exceptions to this
rule:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Abort_Defer</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Ada_83</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects legality
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Assert</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>CPP_Class</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>CPP_Constructor</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Debug</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Interface_Name</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Machine_Attribute</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Unimplemented_Unit</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects legality
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Unchecked_Union</code></dt>
<dd><p>Affects semantics
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>In each of the above cases, it is essential to the purpose of the pragma
that this advice not be followed.  For details see the separate section
on implementation defined pragmas.
</p>
<a name="g_t2_002e8_002817_002d19_0029_003a-Pragmas"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">2.8(17-19): Pragmas</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Normally, an implementation should not define pragmas that can
make an illegal program legal, except as follows:
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>A pragma used to complete a declaration, such as a pragma <code>Import</code>;
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>A pragma used to configure the environment by adding, removing, or
replacing <code>library_items</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See response to paragraph 16 of this same section.
</p>
<a name="index-Character-Sets"></a>
<a name="index-Alternative-Character-Sets"></a>
<a name="g_t3_002e5_002e2_00285_0029_003a-Alternative-Character-Sets"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">3.5.2(5): Alternative Character Sets</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation supports a mode with alternative interpretations
for <code>Character</code> and <code>Wide_Character</code>, the set of graphic
characters of <code>Character</code> should nevertheless remain a proper
subset of the set of graphic characters of <code>Wide_Character</code>.  Any
character set &ldquo;localizations&rdquo; should be reflected in the results of
the subprograms defined in the language-defined package
<code>Characters.Handling</code> (see A.3) available in such a mode.  In a mode with
an alternative interpretation of <code>Character</code>, the implementation should
also support a corresponding change in what is a legal
<code>identifier_letter</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not all wide character modes follow this advice, in particular the JIS
and IEC modes reflect standard usage in Japan, and in these encoding,
the upper half of the Latin-1 set is not part of the wide-character
subset, since the most significant bit is used for wide character
encoding.  However, this only applies to the external forms.  Internally
there is no such restriction.
</p>
<a name="index-Integer-types"></a>
<a name="g_t3_002e5_002e4_002828_0029_003a-Integer-Types"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">3.5.4(28): Integer Types</h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should support <code>Long_Integer</code> in addition to
<code>Integer</code> if the target machine supports 32-bit (or longer)
arithmetic.  No other named integer subtypes are recommended for package
<code>Standard</code>.  Instead, appropriate named integer subtypes should be
provided in the library package <code>Interfaces</code> (see B.2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p><code>Long_Integer</code> is supported.  Other standard integer types are supported
so this advice is not fully followed.  These types
are supported for convenient interface to C, and so that all hardware
types of the machine are easily available.
</p><a name="g_t3_002e5_002e4_002829_0029_003a-Integer-Types"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">3.5.4(29): Integer Types</h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation for a two&rsquo;s complement machine should support
modular types with a binary modulus up to <code>System.Max_Int*2+2</code>.  An
implementation should support a non-binary modules up to <code>Integer'Last</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Enumeration-values"></a>
<a name="g_t3_002e5_002e5_00288_0029_003a-Enumeration-Values"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">3.5.5(8): Enumeration Values</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For the evaluation of a call on <code><var>S</var>'Pos</code> for an enumeration
subtype, if the value of the operand does not correspond to the internal
code for any enumeration literal of its type (perhaps due to an
un-initialized variable), then the implementation should raise
<code>Program_Error</code>.  This is particularly important for enumeration
types with noncontiguous internal codes specified by an
enumeration_representation_clause.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Float-types"></a>
<a name="g_t3_002e5_002e7_002817_0029_003a-Float-Types"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">3.5.7(17): Float Types</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should support <code>Long_Float</code> in addition to
<code>Float</code> if the target machine supports 11 or more digits of
precision.  No other named floating point subtypes are recommended for
package <code>Standard</code>.  Instead, appropriate named floating point subtypes
should be provided in the library package <code>Interfaces</code> (see B.2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p><code>Short_Float</code> and <code>Long_Long_Float</code> are also provided.  The
former provides improved compatibility with other implementations
supporting this type.  The latter corresponds to the highest precision
floating-point type supported by the hardware.  On most machines, this
will be the same as <code>Long_Float</code>, but on some machines, it will
correspond to the IEEE extended form.  The notable case is all ia32
(x86) implementations, where <code>Long_Long_Float</code> corresponds to
the 80-bit extended precision format supported in hardware on this
processor.  Note that the 128-bit format on SPARC is not supported,
since this is a software rather than a hardware format.
</p>
<a name="index-Multidimensional-arrays"></a>
<a name="index-Arrays_002c-multidimensional"></a>
<a name="g_t3_002e6_002e2_002811_0029_003a-Multidimensional-Arrays"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">3.6.2(11): Multidimensional Arrays</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should normally represent multidimensional arrays in
row-major order, consistent with the notation used for multidimensional
array aggregates (see 4.3.3).  However, if a pragma <code>Convention</code>
(<code>Fortran</code>, &hellip;) applies to a multidimensional array type, then
column-major order should be used instead (see B.5, &ldquo;Interfacing with
Fortran&rdquo;).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Duration_0027Small"></a>
<a name="g_t9_002e6_002830_002d31_0029_003a-Duration_0027Small"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">9.6(30-31): Duration&rsquo;Small</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Whenever possible in an implementation, the value of <code>Duration'Small</code>
should be no greater than 100 microseconds.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  (<code>Duration'Small</code> = 10**(-9)).
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The time base for <code>delay_relative_statements</code> should be monotonic;
it need not be the same time base as used for <code>Calendar.Clock</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="g_t10_002e2_002e1_002812_0029_003a-Consistent-Representation"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">10.2.1(12): Consistent Representation</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>In an implementation, a type declared in a pre-elaborated package should
have the same representation in every elaboration of a given version of
the package, whether the elaborations occur in distinct executions of
the same program, or in executions of distinct programs or partitions
that include the given version.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed, except in the case of tagged types.  Tagged types involve
implicit pointers to a local copy of a dispatch table, and these pointers
have representations which thus depend on a particular elaboration of the
package.  It is not easy to see how it would be possible to follow this
advice without severely impacting efficiency of execution.
</p>
<a name="index-Exception-information"></a>
<a name="g_t11_002e4_002e1_002819_0029_003a-Exception-Information"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">11.4.1(19): Exception Information</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><code>Exception_Message</code> by default and <code>Exception_Information</code>
should produce information useful for
debugging.  <code>Exception_Message</code> should be short, about one
line.  <code>Exception_Information</code> can be long.  <code>Exception_Message</code>
should not include the
<code>Exception_Name</code>.  <code>Exception_Information</code> should include both
the <code>Exception_Name</code> and the <code>Exception_Message</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  For each exception that doesn&rsquo;t have a specified
<code>Exception_Message</code>, the compiler generates one containing the location
of the raise statement.  This location has the form &ldquo;file:line&rdquo;, where
file is the short file name (without path information) and line is the line
number in the file.  Note that in the case of the Zero Cost Exception
mechanism, these messages become redundant with the Exception_Information that
contains a full backtrace of the calling sequence, so they are disabled.
To disable explicitly the generation of the source location message, use the
Pragma <code>Discard_Names</code>.
</p>
<a name="index-Suppression-of-checks"></a>
<a name="index-Checks_002c-suppression-of"></a>
<a name="g_t11_002e5_002828_0029_003a-Suppression-of-Checks"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">11.5(28): Suppression of Checks</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The implementation should minimize the code executed for checks that
have been suppressed.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Representation-clauses"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e1-_002821_002d24_0029_003a-Representation-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.1 (21-24): Representation Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for all representation items is
qualified as follows:
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation need not support representation items containing
non-static expressions, except that an implementation should support a
representation item for a given entity if each non-static expression in
the representation item is a name that statically denotes a constant
declared before the entity.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  In fact, GNAT goes beyond the recommended level of support
by allowing nonstatic expressions in some representation clauses even
without the need to declare constants initialized with the values of
such expressions.
For example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  X : Integer;
  Y : Float;
  for Y'Address use X'Address;&gt;&gt;
</pre></div>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation need not support a specification for the <code>Size</code>
for a given composite subtype, nor the size or storage place for an
object (including a component) of a given composite subtype, unless the
constraints on the subtype and its composite subcomponents (if any) are
all static constraints.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Size Clauses are not permitted on non-static components, as
described above.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An aliased component, or a component whose type is by-reference, should
always be allocated at an addressable location.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Packed-types"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e2_00286_002d8_0029_003a-Packed-Types"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.2(6-8): Packed Types</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If a type is packed, then the implementation should try to minimize
storage allocated to objects of the type, possibly at the expense of
speed of accessing components, subject to reasonable complexity in
addressing calculations.
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support pragma <code>Pack</code> is:
</p>
<p>For a packed record type, the components should be packed as tightly as
possible subject to the Sizes of the component subtypes, and subject to
any <code>record_representation_clause</code> that applies to the type; the
implementation may, but need not, reorder components or cross aligned
word boundaries to improve the packing.  A component whose <code>Size</code> is
greater than the word size may be allocated an integral number of words.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Tight packing of arrays is supported for all component sizes
up to 64-bits. If the array component size is 1 (that is to say, if
the component is a boolean type or an enumeration type with two values)
then values of the type are implicitly initialized to zero. This
happens both for objects of the packed type, and for objects that have a
subcomponent of the packed type.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should support Address clauses for imported
subprograms.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
<a name="index-Address-clauses"></a>
</p><a name="g_t13_002e3_002814_002d19_0029_003a-Address-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.3(14-19): Address Clauses</h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For an array <var>X</var>, <code><var>X</var>'Address</code> should point at the first
component of the array, and not at the array bounds.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the <code>Address</code> attribute is:
</p>
<p><code><var>X</var>'Address</code> should produce a useful result if <var>X</var> is an
object that is aliased or of a by-reference type, or is an entity whose
<code>Address</code> has been specified.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  A valid address will be produced even if none of those
conditions have been met.  If necessary, the object is forced into
memory to ensure the address is valid.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should support <code>Address</code> clauses for imported
subprograms.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Objects (including subcomponents) that are aliased or of a by-reference
type should be allocated on storage element boundaries.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the <code>Address</code> of an object is specified, or it is imported or exported,
then the implementation should not perform optimizations based on
assumptions of no aliases.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Alignment-clauses"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e3_002829_002d35_0029_003a-Alignment-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.3(29-35): Alignment Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the <code>Alignment</code> attribute for
subtypes is:
</p>
<p>An implementation should support specified Alignments that are factors
and multiples of the number of storage elements per word, subject to the
following:
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation need not support specified <code>Alignment</code>s for
combinations of <code>Size</code>s and <code>Alignment</code>s that cannot be easily
loaded and stored by available machine instructions.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation need not support specified <code>Alignment</code>s that are
greater than the maximum <code>Alignment</code> the implementation ever returns by
default.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the <code>Alignment</code> attribute for
objects is:
</p>
<p>Same as above, for subtypes, but in addition:
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For stand-alone library-level objects of statically constrained
subtypes, the implementation should support all <code>Alignment</code>s
supported by the target linker.  For example, page alignment is likely to
be supported for such objects, but not for subtypes.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Size-clauses"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e3_002842_002d43_0029_003a-Size-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.3(42-43): Size Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the <code>Size</code> attribute of
objects is:
</p>
<p>A <code>Size</code> clause should be supported for an object if the specified
<code>Size</code> is at least as large as its subtype&rsquo;s <code>Size</code>, and
corresponds to a size in storage elements that is a multiple of the
object&rsquo;s <code>Alignment</code> (if the <code>Alignment</code> is nonzero).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="g_t13_002e3_002850_002d56_0029_003a-Size-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.3(50-56): Size Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the <code>Size</code> of a subtype is specified, and allows for efficient
independent addressability (see 9.10) on the target architecture, then
the <code>Size</code> of the following objects of the subtype should equal the
<code>Size</code> of the subtype:
</p>
<p>Aliased objects (including components).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><code>Size</code> clause on a composite subtype should not affect the
internal layout of components.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed. But note that this can be overridden by use of the implementation
pragma Implicit_Packing in the case of packed arrays.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the <code>Size</code> attribute of subtypes is:
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The <code>Size</code> (if not specified) of a static discrete or fixed point
subtype should be the number of bits needed to represent each value
belonging to the subtype using an unbiased representation, leaving space
for a sign bit only if the subtype contains negative values.  If such a
subtype is a first subtype, then an implementation should support a
specified <code>Size</code> for it that reflects this representation.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For a subtype implemented with levels of indirection, the <code>Size</code>
should include the size of the pointers, but not the size of what they
point at.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Component_005fSize-clauses"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e3_002871_002d73_0029_003a-Component-Size-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.3(71-73): Component Size Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the <code>Component_Size</code>
attribute is:
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation need not support specified <code>Component_Sizes</code> that are
less than the <code>Size</code> of the component subtype.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should support specified <code>Component_Size</code>s that
are factors and multiples of the word size.  For such
<code>Component_Size</code>s, the array should contain no gaps between
components.  For other <code>Component_Size</code>s (if supported), the array
should contain no gaps between components when packing is also
specified; the implementation should forbid this combination in cases
where it cannot support a no-gaps representation.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Enumeration-representation-clauses"></a>
<a name="index-Representation-clauses_002c-enumeration"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e4_00289_002d10_0029_003a-Enumeration-Representation-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.4(9-10): Enumeration Representation Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for enumeration representation clauses
is:
</p>
<p>An implementation need not support enumeration representation clauses
for boolean types, but should at minimum support the internal codes in
the range <code>System.Min_Int.System.Max_Int</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Record-representation-clauses"></a>
<a name="index-Representation-clauses_002c-records"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e5_002e1_002817_002d22_0029_003a-Record-Representation-Clauses"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.5.1(17-22): Record Representation Clauses</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for
<br><code>record_representation_clauses</code> is:
</p>
<p>An implementation should support storage places that can be extracted
with a load, mask, shift sequence of machine code, and set with a load,
shift, mask, store sequence, given the available machine instructions
and run-time model.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>A storage place should be supported if its size is equal to the
<code>Size</code> of the component subtype, and it starts and ends on a
boundary that obeys the <code>Alignment</code> of the component subtype.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the default bit ordering applies to the declaration of a given type,
then for a component whose subtype&rsquo;s <code>Size</code> is less than the word
size, any storage place that does not cross an aligned word boundary
should be supported.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation may reserve a storage place for the tag field of a
tagged type, and disallow other components from overlapping that place.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  The storage place for the tag field is the beginning of the tagged
record, and its size is Address&rsquo;Size.  GNAT will reject an explicit component
clause for the tag field.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation need not support a <code>component_clause</code> for a
component of an extension part if the storage place is not after the
storage places of all components of the parent type, whether or not
those storage places had been specified.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  The above advice on record representation clauses is followed,
and all mentioned features are implemented.
</p>
<a name="index-Storage-place-attributes"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e5_002e2_00285_0029_003a-Storage-Place-Attributes"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.5.2(5): Storage Place Attributes</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If a component is represented using some form of pointer (such as an
offset) to the actual data of the component, and this data is contiguous
with the rest of the object, then the storage place attributes should
reflect the place of the actual data, not the pointer.  If a component is
allocated discontinuously from the rest of the object, then a warning
should be generated upon reference to one of its storage place
attributes.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  There are no such components in GNAT.
</p>
<a name="index-Bit-ordering"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e5_002e3_00287_002d8_0029_003a-Bit-Ordering"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.5.3(7-8): Bit Ordering</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for the non-default bit ordering is:
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If <code>Word_Size</code> = <code>Storage_Unit</code>, then the implementation
should support the non-default bit ordering in addition to the default
bit ordering.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Word size does not equal storage size in this implementation.
Thus non-default bit ordering is not supported.
</p>
<a name="index-Address_002c-as-private-type"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e7_002837_0029_003a-Address-as-Private"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.7(37): Address as Private</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><code>Address</code> should be of a private type.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Operations_002c-on-Address"></a>
<a name="index-Address_002c-operations-of"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e7_002e1_002816_0029_003a-Address-Operations"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.7.1(16): Address Operations</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Operations in <code>System</code> and its children should reflect the target
environment semantics as closely as is reasonable.  For example, on most
machines, it makes sense for address arithmetic to &ldquo;wrap around&rdquo;.
Operations that do not make sense should raise <code>Program_Error</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Address arithmetic is modular arithmetic that wraps around.  No
operation raises <code>Program_Error</code>, since all operations make sense.
</p>
<a name="index-Unchecked-conversion"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e9_002814_002d17_0029_003a-Unchecked-Conversion"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.9(14-17): Unchecked Conversion</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The <code>Size</code> of an array object should not include its bounds; hence,
the bounds should not be part of the converted data.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The implementation should not generate unnecessary run-time checks to
ensure that the representation of <var>S</var> is a representation of the
target type.  It should take advantage of the permission to return by
reference when possible.  Restrictions on unchecked conversions should be
avoided unless required by the target environment.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  There are no restrictions on unchecked conversion.  A warning is
generated if the source and target types do not have the same size since
the semantics in this case may be target dependent.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The recommended level of support for unchecked conversions is:
</p></td></tr></table>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Unchecked conversions should be supported and should be reversible in
the cases where this clause defines the result.  To enable meaningful use
of unchecked conversion, a contiguous representation should be used for
elementary subtypes, for statically constrained array subtypes whose
component subtype is one of the subtypes described in this paragraph,
and for record subtypes without discriminants whose component subtypes
are described in this paragraph.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Heap-usage_002c-implicit"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e11_002823_002d25_0029_003a-Implicit-Heap-Usage"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.11(23-25): Implicit Heap Usage</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should document any cases in which it dynamically
allocates heap storage for a purpose other than the evaluation of an
allocator.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed, the only other points at which heap storage is dynamically
allocated are as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> At initial elaboration time, to allocate dynamically sized global
objects.

</li><li> To allocate space for a task when a task is created.

</li><li> To extend the secondary stack dynamically when needed.  The secondary
stack is used for returning variable length results.
</li></ul>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>A default (implementation-provided) storage pool for an
access-to-constant type should not have overhead to support deallocation of
individual objects.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>A storage pool for an anonymous access type should be created at the
point of an allocator for the type, and be reclaimed when the designated
object becomes inaccessible.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Unchecked-deallocation"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e11_002e2_002817_0029_003a-Unchecked-De_002dallocation"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.11.2(17): Unchecked De-allocation</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For a standard storage pool, <code>Free</code> should actually reclaim the
storage.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Stream-oriented-attributes"></a>
<a name="g_t13_002e13_002e2_002817_0029_003a-Stream-Oriented-Attributes"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">13.13.2(17): Stream Oriented Attributes</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If a stream element is the same size as a storage element, then the
normal in-memory representation should be used by <code>Read</code> and
<code>Write</code> for scalar objects.  Otherwise, <code>Read</code> and <code>Write</code>
should use the smallest number of stream elements needed to represent
all values in the base range of the scalar type.
</p></td></tr></table>

<p>Followed.  By default, GNAT uses the interpretation suggested by AI-195,
which specifies using the size of the first subtype.
However, such an implementation is based on direct binary
representations and is therefore target- and endianness-dependent.
To address this issue, GNAT also supplies an alternate implementation
of the stream attributes <code>Read</code> and <code>Write</code>,
which uses the target-independent XDR standard representation
for scalar types.
<a name="index-XDR-representation"></a>
<a name="index-Read-attribute"></a>
<a name="index-Write-attribute"></a>
<a name="index-Stream-oriented-attributes-1"></a>
The XDR implementation is provided as an alternative body of the
<code>System.Stream_Attributes</code> package, in the file
<samp>s-stratt-xdr.adb</samp> in the GNAT library.
There is no <samp>s-stratt-xdr.ads</samp> file.
In order to install the XDR implementation, do the following:
</p><ol>
<li> Replace the default implementation of the
<code>System.Stream_Attributes</code> package with the XDR implementation.
For example on a Unix platform issue the commands:
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">$ mv s-stratt.adb s-stratt-default.adb
$ mv s-stratt-xdr.adb s-stratt.adb
</pre></div>

</li><li> Rebuild the GNAT run-time library as documented in
<a href="gnat_ugn.html#GNAT-and-Libraries">GNAT and Libraries</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</li></ol>

<a name="A_002e1_002852_0029_003a-Names-of-Predefined-Numeric-Types"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">A.1(52): Names of Predefined Numeric Types</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation provides additional named predefined integer types,
then the names should end with &lsquo;<samp>Integer</samp>&rsquo; as in
&lsquo;<samp>Long_Integer</samp>&rsquo;.  If an implementation provides additional named
predefined floating point types, then the names should end with
&lsquo;<samp>Float</samp>&rsquo; as in &lsquo;<samp>Long_Float</samp>&rsquo;.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eHandling"></a>
<a name="A_002e3_002e2_002849_0029_003a-Ada_002eCharacters_002eHandling"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">A.3.2(49): <code>Ada.Characters.Handling</code></h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation provides a localized definition of <code>Character</code>
or <code>Wide_Character</code>, then the effects of the subprograms in
<code>Characters.Handling</code> should reflect the localizations.  See also
3.5.2.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  GNAT provides no such localized definitions.
</p>
<a name="index-Bounded_002dlength-strings"></a>
<a name="A_002e4_002e4_0028106_0029_003a-Bounded_002dLength-String-Handling"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">A.4.4(106): Bounded-Length String Handling</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Bounded string objects should not be implemented by implicit pointers
and dynamic allocation.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  No implicit pointers or dynamic allocation are used.
</p>
<a name="index-Random-number-generation"></a>
<a name="A_002e5_002e2_002846_002d47_0029_003a-Random-Number-Generation"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">A.5.2(46-47): Random Number Generation</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Any storage associated with an object of type <code>Generator</code> should be
reclaimed on exit from the scope of the object.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the generator period is sufficiently long in relation to the number
of distinct initiator values, then each possible value of
<code>Initiator</code> passed to <code>Reset</code> should initiate a sequence of
random numbers that does not, in a practical sense, overlap the sequence
initiated by any other value.  If this is not possible, then the mapping
between initiator values and generator states should be a rapidly
varying function of the initiator value.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  The generator period is sufficiently long for the first
condition here to hold true.
</p>
<a name="index-Get_005fImmediate-1"></a>
<a name="A_002e10_002e7_002823_0029_003a-Get_005fImmediate"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">A.10.7(23): <code>Get_Immediate</code></h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The <code>Get_Immediate</code> procedures should be implemented with
unbuffered input.  For a device such as a keyboard, input should be
<em>available</em> if a key has already been typed, whereas for a disk
file, input should always be available except at end of file.  For a file
associated with a keyboard-like device, any line-editing features of the
underlying operating system should be disabled during the execution of
<code>Get_Immediate</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on all targets except VxWorks. For VxWorks, there is no way to
provide this functionality that does not result in the input buffer being
flushed before the <code>Get_Immediate</code> call. A special unit
<code>Interfaces.Vxworks.IO</code> is provided that contains routines to enable
this functionality.
</p>
<a name="index-Export"></a>
<a name="B_002e1_002839_002d41_0029_003a-Pragma-Export"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">B.1(39-41): Pragma <code>Export</code></h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an implementation supports pragma <code>Export</code> to a given language,
then it should also allow the main subprogram to be written in that
language.  It should support some mechanism for invoking the elaboration
of the Ada library units included in the system, and for invoking the
finalization of the environment task.  On typical systems, the
recommended mechanism is to provide two subprograms whose link names are
<code>adainit</code> and <code>adafinal</code>.  <code>adainit</code> should contain the
elaboration code for library units.  <code>adafinal</code> should contain the
finalization code.  These subprograms should have no effect the second
and subsequent time they are called.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Automatic elaboration of pre-elaborated packages should be
provided when pragma <code>Export</code> is supported.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed when the main program is in Ada.  If the main program is in a
foreign language, then
<code>adainit</code> must be called to elaborate pre-elaborated
packages.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For each supported convention <var>L</var> other than <code>Intrinsic</code>, an
implementation should support <code>Import</code> and <code>Export</code> pragmas
for objects of <var>L</var>-compatible types and for subprograms, and pragma
<code>Convention</code> for <var>L</var>-eligible types and for subprograms,
presuming the other language has corresponding features.  Pragma
<code>Convention</code> need not be supported for scalar types.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Package-Interfaces"></a>
<a name="index-Interfaces"></a>
<a name="B_002e2_002812_002d13_0029_003a-Package-Interfaces"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">B.2(12-13): Package <code>Interfaces</code></h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>For each implementation-defined convention identifier, there should be a
child package of package Interfaces with the corresponding name.  This
package should contain any declarations that would be useful for
interfacing to the language (implementation) represented by the
convention.  Any declarations useful for interfacing to any language on
the given hardware architecture should be provided directly in
<code>Interfaces</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed. An additional package not defined
in the Ada Reference Manual is <code>Interfaces.CPP</code>, used
for interfacing to C++.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation supporting an interface to C, COBOL, or Fortran should
provide the corresponding package or packages described in the following
clauses.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  GNAT provides all the packages described in this section.
</p>
<a name="index-C_002c-interfacing-with"></a>
<a name="B_002e3_002863_002d71_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-C"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">B.3(63-71): Interfacing with C</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An implementation should support the following interface correspondences
between Ada and C.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada procedure corresponds to a void-returning C function.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada function corresponds to a non-void C function.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada <code>in</code> scalar parameter is passed as a scalar argument to a C
function.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada <code>in</code> parameter of an access-to-object type with designated
type <var>T</var> is passed as a <code><var>t</var>*</code> argument to a C function,
where <var>t</var> is the C type corresponding to the Ada type <var>T</var>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada access <var>T</var> parameter, or an Ada <code>out</code> or <code>in out</code>
parameter of an elementary type <var>T</var>, is passed as a <code><var>t</var>*</code>
argument to a C function, where <var>t</var> is the C type corresponding to
the Ada type <var>T</var>.  In the case of an elementary <code>out</code> or
<code>in out</code> parameter, a pointer to a temporary copy is used to
preserve by-copy semantics.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada parameter of a record type <var>T</var>, of any mode, is passed as a
<code><var>t</var>*</code> argument to a C function, where <var>t</var> is the C
structure corresponding to the Ada type <var>T</var>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  This convention may be overridden by the use of the C_Pass_By_Copy
pragma, or Convention, or by explicitly specifying the mechanism for a given
call using an extended import or export pragma.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada parameter of an array type with component type <var>T</var>, of any
mode, is passed as a <code><var>t</var>*</code> argument to a C function, where
<var>t</var> is the C type corresponding to the Ada type <var>T</var>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada parameter of an access-to-subprogram type is passed as a pointer
to a C function whose prototype corresponds to the designated
subprogram&rsquo;s specification.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-COBOL_002c-interfacing-with"></a>
<a name="B_002e4_002895_002d98_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-COBOL"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">B.4(95-98): Interfacing with COBOL</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada implementation should support the following interface
correspondences between Ada and COBOL.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada access <var>T</var> parameter is passed as a &lsquo;<samp>BY REFERENCE</samp>&rsquo; data item of
the COBOL type corresponding to <var>T</var>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada in scalar parameter is passed as a &lsquo;<samp>BY CONTENT</samp>&rsquo; data item of
the corresponding COBOL type.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Any other Ada parameter is passed as a &lsquo;<samp>BY REFERENCE</samp>&rsquo; data item of the
COBOL type corresponding to the Ada parameter type; for scalars, a local
copy is used if necessary to ensure by-copy semantics.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Fortran_002c-interfacing-with"></a>
<a name="B_002e5_002822_002d26_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-Fortran"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">B.5(22-26): Interfacing with Fortran</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada implementation should support the following interface
correspondences between Ada and Fortran:
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada procedure corresponds to a Fortran subroutine.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada function corresponds to a Fortran function.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada parameter of an elementary, array, or record type <var>T</var> is
passed as a <var>T</var> argument to a Fortran procedure, where <var>T</var> is
the Fortran type corresponding to the Ada type <var>T</var>, and where the
INTENT attribute of the corresponding dummy argument matches the Ada
formal parameter mode; the Fortran implementation&rsquo;s parameter passing
conventions are used.  For elementary types, a local copy is used if
necessary to ensure by-copy semantics.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>An Ada parameter of an access-to-subprogram type is passed as a
reference to a Fortran procedure whose interface corresponds to the
designated subprogram&rsquo;s specification.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Machine-operations"></a>
<a name="C_002e1_00283_002d5_0029_003a-Access-to-Machine-Operations"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.1(3-5): Access to Machine Operations</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The machine code or intrinsic support should allow access to all
operations normally available to assembly language programmers for the
target environment, including privileged instructions, if any.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The interfacing pragmas (see Annex B) should support interface to
assembler; the default assembler should be associated with the
convention identifier <code>Assembler</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If an entity is exported to assembly language, then the implementation
should allocate it at an addressable location, and should ensure that it
is retained by the linking process, even if not otherwise referenced
from the Ada code.  The implementation should assume that any call to a
machine code or assembler subprogram is allowed to read or update every
object that is specified as exported.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="C_002e1_002810_002d16_0029_003a-Access-to-Machine-Operations"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.1(10-16): Access to Machine Operations</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The implementation should ensure that little or no overhead is
associated with calling intrinsic and machine-code subprograms.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed for both intrinsics and machine-code subprograms.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>It is recommended that intrinsic subprograms be provided for convenient
access to any machine operations that provide special capabilities or
efficiency and that are not otherwise available through the language
constructs.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  A full set of machine operation intrinsic subprograms is provided.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Atomic read-modify-write operations&mdash;e.g., test and set, compare and
swap, decrement and test, enqueue/dequeue.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on any target supporting such operations.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Standard numeric functions&mdash;e.g., sin, log.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on any target supporting such operations.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>String manipulation operations&mdash;e.g., translate and test.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on any target supporting such operations.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Vector operations&mdash;e.g., compare vector against thresholds.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on any target supporting such operations.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Direct operations on I/O ports.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on any target supporting such operations.
</p>
<a name="index-Interrupt-support"></a>
<a name="C_002e3_002828_0029_003a-Interrupt-Support"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.3(28): Interrupt Support</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the <code>Ceiling_Locking</code> policy is not in effect, the
implementation should provide means for the application to specify which
interrupts are to be blocked during protected actions, if the underlying
system allows for a finer-grain control of interrupt blocking.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  The underlying system does not allow for finer-grain control
of interrupt blocking.
</p>
<a name="index-Protected-procedure-handlers"></a>
<a name="C_002e3_002e1_002820_002d21_0029_003a-Protected-Procedure-Handlers"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.3.1(20-21): Protected Procedure Handlers</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Whenever possible, the implementation should allow interrupt handlers to
be called directly by the hardware.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed on any target where the underlying operating system permits
such direct calls.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Whenever practical, violations of any
implementation-defined restrictions should be detected before run time.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Compile time warnings are given when possible.
</p>
<a name="index-Package-Interrupts"></a>
<a name="index-Interrupts"></a>
<a name="C_002e3_002e2_002825_0029_003a-Package-Interrupts"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.3.2(25): Package <code>Interrupts</code></h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If implementation-defined forms of interrupt handler procedures are
supported, such as protected procedures with parameters, then for each
such form of a handler, a type analogous to <code>Parameterless_Handler</code>
should be specified in a child package of <code>Interrupts</code>, with the
same operations as in the predefined package Interrupts.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Pre_002delaboration-requirements"></a>
<a name="C_002e4_002814_0029_003a-Pre_002delaboration-Requirements"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.4(14): Pre-elaboration Requirements</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>It is recommended that pre-elaborated packages be implemented in such a
way that there should be little or no code executed at run time for the
elaboration of entities not already covered by the Implementation
Requirements.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Executable code is generated in some cases, e.g. loops
to initialize large arrays.
</p>
<a name="C_002e5_00288_0029_003a-Pragma-Discard_005fNames"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.5(8): Pragma <code>Discard_Names</code></h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the pragma applies to an entity, then the implementation should
reduce the amount of storage used for storing names associated with that
entity.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Package-Task_005fAttributes"></a>
<a name="index-Task_005fAttributes"></a>
<a name="C_002e7_002e2_002830_0029_003a-The-Package-Task_005fAttributes"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">C.7.2(30): The Package Task_Attributes</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Some implementations are targeted to domains in which memory use at run
time must be completely deterministic.  For such implementations, it is
recommended that the storage for task attributes will be pre-allocated
statically and not from the heap.  This can be accomplished by either
placing restrictions on the number and the size of the task&rsquo;s
attributes, or by using the pre-allocated storage for the first <var>N</var>
attribute objects, and the heap for the others.  In the latter case,
<var>N</var> should be documented.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not followed.  This implementation is not targeted to such a domain.
</p>
<a name="index-Locking-Policies"></a>
<a name="D_002e3_002817_0029_003a-Locking-Policies"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">D.3(17): Locking Policies</h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The implementation should use names that end with &lsquo;<samp>_Locking</samp>&rsquo; for
locking policies defined by the implementation.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  Two implementation-defined locking policies are defined,
whose names (<code>Inheritance_Locking</code> and
<code>Concurrent_Readers_Locking</code>) follow this suggestion.
</p>
<a name="index-Entry-queuing-policies"></a>
<a name="D_002e4_002816_0029_003a-Entry-Queuing-Policies"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">D.4(16): Entry Queuing Policies</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Names that end with &lsquo;<samp>_Queuing</samp>&rsquo; should be used
for all implementation-defined queuing policies.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.  No such implementation-defined queuing policies exist.
</p>
<a name="index-Preemptive-abort"></a>
<a name="D_002e6_00289_002d10_0029_003a-Preemptive-Abort"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">D.6(9-10): Preemptive Abort</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Even though the <code>abort_statement</code> is included in the list of
potentially blocking operations (see 9.5.1), it is recommended that this
statement be implemented in a way that never requires the task executing
the <code>abort_statement</code> to block.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>On a multi-processor, the delay associated with aborting a task on
another processor should be bounded; the implementation should use
periodic polling, if necessary, to achieve this.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Tasking-restrictions"></a>
<a name="D_002e7_002821_0029_003a-Tasking-Restrictions"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">D.7(21): Tasking Restrictions</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>When feasible, the implementation should take advantage of the specified
restrictions to produce a more efficient implementation.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>GNAT currently takes advantage of these restrictions by providing an optimized
run time when the Ravenscar profile and the GNAT restricted run time set
of restrictions are specified.  See pragma <code>Profile (Ravenscar)</code> and
pragma <code>Profile (Restricted)</code> for more details.
</p>
<a name="index-Time_002c-monotonic"></a>
<a name="D_002e8_002847_002d49_0029_003a-Monotonic-Time"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">D.8(47-49): Monotonic Time</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>When appropriate, implementations should provide configuration
mechanisms to change the value of <code>Tick</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Such configuration mechanisms are not appropriate to this implementation
and are thus not supported.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>It is recommended that <code>Calendar.Clock</code> and <code>Real_Time.Clock</code>
be implemented as transformations of the same time base.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>It is recommended that the <em>best</em> time base which exists in
the underlying system be available to the application through
<code>Clock</code>.  <em>Best</em> may mean highest accuracy or largest range.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Partition-communication-subsystem"></a>
<a name="index-PCS"></a>
<a name="E_002e5_002828_002d29_0029_003a-Partition-Communication-Subsystem"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">E.5(28-29): Partition Communication Subsystem</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Whenever possible, the PCS on the called partition should allow for
multiple tasks to call the RPC-receiver with different messages and
should allow them to block until the corresponding subprogram body
returns.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed by GLADE, a separately supplied PCS that can be used with
GNAT.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The <code>Write</code> operation on a stream of type <code>Params_Stream_Type</code>
should raise <code>Storage_Error</code> if it runs out of space trying to
write the <code>Item</code> into the stream.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed by GLADE, a separately supplied PCS that can be used with
GNAT.
</p>
<a name="index-COBOL-support"></a>
<a name="F_00287_0029_003a-COBOL-Support"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">F(7): COBOL Support</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If COBOL (respectively, C) is widely supported in the target
environment, implementations supporting the Information Systems Annex
should provide the child package <code>Interfaces.COBOL</code> (respectively,
<code>Interfaces.C</code>) specified in Annex B and should support a
<code>convention_identifier</code> of COBOL (respectively, C) in the interfacing
pragmas (see Annex B), thus allowing Ada programs to interface with
programs written in that language.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Decimal-radix-support"></a>
<a name="F_002e1_00282_0029_003a-Decimal-Radix-Support"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">F.1(2): Decimal Radix Support</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Packed decimal should be used as the internal representation for objects
of subtype <var>S</var> when <var>S</var>&rsquo;Machine_Radix = 10.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not followed.  GNAT ignores <var>S</var>&rsquo;Machine_Radix and always uses binary
representations.
</p>
<a name="index-Numerics"></a>
<a name="G_003a-Numerics"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">G: Numerics</h3>
<br>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If Fortran (respectively, C) is widely supported in the target
environment, implementations supporting the Numerics Annex
should provide the child package <code>Interfaces.Fortran</code> (respectively,
<code>Interfaces.C</code>) specified in Annex B and should support a
<code>convention_identifier</code> of Fortran (respectively, C) in the interfacing
pragmas (see Annex B), thus allowing Ada programs to interface with
programs written in that language.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Complex-types"></a>
<a name="G_002e1_002e1_002856_002d58_0029_003a-Complex-Types"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">G.1.1(56-58): Complex Types</h3>
<br>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Because the usual mathematical meaning of multiplication of a complex
operand and a real operand is that of the scaling of both components of
the former by the latter, an implementation should not perform this
operation by first promoting the real operand to complex type and then
performing a full complex multiplication.  In systems that, in the
future, support an Ada binding to IEC 559:1989, the latter technique
will not generate the required result when one of the components of the
complex operand is infinite.  (Explicit multiplication of the infinite
component by the zero component obtained during promotion yields a NaN
that propagates into the final result.) Analogous advice applies in the
case of multiplication of a complex operand and a pure-imaginary
operand, and in the case of division of a complex operand by a real or
pure-imaginary operand.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Similarly, because the usual mathematical meaning of addition of a
complex operand and a real operand is that the imaginary operand remains
unchanged, an implementation should not perform this operation by first
promoting the real operand to complex type and then performing a full
complex addition.  In implementations in which the <code>Signed_Zeros</code>
attribute of the component type is <code>True</code> (and which therefore
conform to IEC 559:1989 in regard to the handling of the sign of zero in
predefined arithmetic operations), the latter technique will not
generate the required result when the imaginary component of the complex
operand is a negatively signed zero.  (Explicit addition of the negative
zero to the zero obtained during promotion yields a positive zero.)
Analogous advice applies in the case of addition of a complex operand
and a pure-imaginary operand, and in the case of subtraction of a
complex operand and a real or pure-imaginary operand.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not followed.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Implementations in which <code>Real'Signed_Zeros</code> is <code>True</code> should
attempt to provide a rational treatment of the signs of zero results and
result components.  As one example, the result of the <code>Argument</code>
function should have the sign of the imaginary component of the
parameter <code>X</code> when the point represented by that parameter lies on
the positive real axis; as another, the sign of the imaginary component
of the <code>Compose_From_Polar</code> function should be the same as
(respectively, the opposite of) that of the <code>Argument</code> parameter when that
parameter has a value of zero and the <code>Modulus</code> parameter has a
nonnegative (respectively, negative) value.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Complex-elementary-functions"></a>
<a name="G_002e1_002e2_002849_0029_003a-Complex-Elementary-Functions"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">G.1.2(49): Complex Elementary Functions</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>Implementations in which <code>Complex_Types.Real'Signed_Zeros</code> is
<code>True</code> should attempt to provide a rational treatment of the signs
of zero results and result components.  For example, many of the complex
elementary functions have components that are odd functions of one of
the parameter components; in these cases, the result component should
have the sign of the parameter component at the origin.  Other complex
elementary functions have zero components whose sign is opposite that of
a parameter component at the origin, or is always positive or always
negative.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Accuracy-requirements"></a>
<a name="G_002e2_002e4_002819_0029_003a-Accuracy-Requirements"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">G.2.4(19): Accuracy Requirements</h3>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The versions of the forward trigonometric functions without a
<code>Cycle</code> parameter should not be implemented by calling the
corresponding version with a <code>Cycle</code> parameter of
<code>2.0*Numerics.Pi</code>, since this will not provide the required
accuracy in some portions of the domain.  For the same reason, the
version of <code>Log</code> without a <code>Base</code> parameter should not be
implemented by calling the corresponding version with a <code>Base</code>
parameter of <code>Numerics.e</code>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Complex-arithmetic-accuracy"></a>
<a name="index-Accuracy_002c-complex-arithmetic"></a>
<a name="G_002e2_002e6_002815_0029_003a-Complex-Arithmetic-Accuracy"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">G.2.6(15): Complex Arithmetic Accuracy</h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>The version of the <code>Compose_From_Polar</code> function without a
<code>Cycle</code> parameter should not be implemented by calling the
corresponding version with a <code>Cycle</code> parameter of
<code>2.0*Numerics.Pi</code>, since this will not provide the required
accuracy in some portions of the domain.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Followed.
</p>
<a name="index-Sequential-elaboration-policy"></a>
<a name="H_002e6_002815_002f2_0029_003a-Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">H.6(15/2): Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</h3>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p>If the partition elaboration policy is <code>Sequential</code> and the
Environment task becomes permanently blocked during elaboration then the
partition is deadlocked and it is recommended that the partition be
immediately terminated.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not followed.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Implementation-Defined-Characteristics"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="n" rel="next">Intrinsic Subprograms</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implementation-Advice" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implementation Advice</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implementation-Defined-Characteristics-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Implementation Defined Characteristics</h2>

<p>In addition to the implementation dependent pragmas and attributes, and the
implementation advice, there are a number of other Ada features that are
potentially implementation dependent and are designated as
implementation-defined. These are mentioned throughout the Ada Reference
Manual, and are summarized in Annex M.
</p>
<p>A requirement for conforming Ada compilers is that they provide
documentation describing how the implementation deals with each of these
issues.  In this chapter, you will find each point in Annex M listed
followed by a description in italic font of how GNAT
handles the implementation dependence.
</p>
<p>You can use this chapter as a guide to minimizing implementation
dependent features in your programs if portability to other compilers
and other operating systems is an important consideration.  The numbers
in each section below correspond to the paragraph number in the Ada
Reference Manual.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>2</strong>.  Whether or not each recommendation given in Implementation
Advice is followed.  See 1.1.2(37).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See <a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>3</strong>.  Capacity limitations of the implementation.  See 1.1.3(3).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The complexity of programs that can be processed is limited only by the
total amount of available virtual memory, and disk space for the
generated object files.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>4</strong>.  Variations from the standard that are impractical to avoid
given the implementation&rsquo;s execution environment.  See 1.1.3(6).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no variations from the standard.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>5</strong>.  Which <code>code_statement</code>s cause external
interactions.  See 1.1.3(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Any <code>code_statement</code> can potentially cause external interactions.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>6</strong>.  The coded representation for the text of an Ada
program.  See 2.1(4).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on source representation.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>7</strong>.  The control functions allowed in comments.  See 2.1(14).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on source representation.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>8</strong>.  The representation for an end of line.  See 2.2(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on source representation.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>9</strong>.  Maximum supported line length and lexical element
length.  See 2.2(15).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The maximum line length is 255 characters and the maximum length of
a lexical element is also 255 characters. This is the default setting
if not overridden by the use of compiler switch <samp>-gnaty</samp> (which
sets the maximum to 79) or <samp>-gnatyMnn</samp> which allows the maximum
line length to be specified to be any value up to 32767. The maximum
length of a lexical element is the same as the maximum line length.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>10</strong>.  Implementation defined pragmas.  See 2.8(14).
</p></td></tr></table>

<p>See <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>11</strong>.  Effect of pragma <code>Optimize</code>.  See 2.8(27).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Pragma <code>Optimize</code>, if given with a <code>Time</code> or <code>Space</code>
parameter, checks that the optimization flag is set, and aborts if it is
not.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>12</strong>.  The sequence of characters of the value returned by
<code><var>S</var>'Image</code> when some of the graphic characters of
<code><var>S</var>'Wide_Image</code> are not defined in <code>Character</code>.  See
3.5(37).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The sequence of characters is as defined by the wide character encoding
method used for the source.  See section on source representation for
further details.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>13</strong>.  The predefined integer types declared in
<code>Standard</code>.  See 3.5.4(25).
</p></td></tr></table>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p>8 bit signed
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p>(Short) 16 bit signed
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p>32 bit signed
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p>64 bit signed (on most 64 bit targets, depending on the C definition of long).
32 bit signed (all other targets)
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p>64 bit signed
</p></dd>
</dl>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>14</strong>.  Any nonstandard integer types and the operators defined
for them.  See 3.5.4(26).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no nonstandard integer types.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>15</strong>.  Any nonstandard real types and the operators defined for
them.  See 3.5.6(8).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no nonstandard real types.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>16</strong>.  What combinations of requested decimal precision and range
are supported for floating point types.  See 3.5.7(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The precision and range is as defined by the IEEE standard.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>17</strong>.  The predefined floating point types declared in
<code>Standard</code>.  See 3.5.7(16).
</p></td></tr></table>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p>32 bit IEEE short
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p>(Short) 32 bit IEEE short
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p>64 bit IEEE long
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p>64 bit IEEE long (80 bit IEEE long on x86 processors)
</p></dd>
</dl>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>18</strong>.  The small of an ordinary fixed point type.  See 3.5.9(8).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p><code>Fine_Delta</code> is 2**(-63)
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>19</strong>.  What combinations of small, range, and digits are
supported for fixed point types.  See 3.5.9(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Any combinations are permitted that do not result in a small less than
<code>Fine_Delta</code> and do not result in a mantissa larger than 63 bits.
If the mantissa is larger than 53 bits on machines where Long_Long_Float
is 64 bits (true of all architectures except ia32), then the output from
Text_IO is accurate to only 53 bits, rather than the full mantissa.  This
is because floating-point conversions are used to convert fixed point.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>20</strong>.  The result of <code>Tags.Expanded_Name</code> for types declared
within an unnamed <code>block_statement</code>.  See 3.9(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Block numbers of the form <code>B<var>nnn</var></code>, where <var>nnn</var> is a
decimal integer are allocated.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>21</strong>.  Implementation-defined attributes.  See 4.1.4(12).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes">Implementation Defined Attributes</a>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>22</strong>.  Any implementation-defined time types.  See 9.6(6).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation-defined time types.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>23</strong>.  The time base associated with relative delays.
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See 9.6(20).  The time base used is that provided by the C library
function <code>gettimeofday</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>24</strong>.  The time base of the type <code>Calendar.Time</code>.  See
9.6(23).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The time base used is that provided by the C library function
<code>gettimeofday</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>25</strong>.  The time zone used for package <code>Calendar</code>
operations.  See 9.6(24).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The time zone used by package <code>Calendar</code> is the current system time zone
setting for local time, as accessed by the C library function
<code>localtime</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>26</strong>.  Any limit on <code>delay_until_statements</code> of
<code>select_statements</code>.  See 9.6(29).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no such limits.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>27</strong>.  Whether or not two non-overlapping parts of a composite
object are independently addressable, in the case where packing, record
layout, or <code>Component_Size</code> is specified for the object.  See
9.10(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Separate components are independently addressable if they do not share
overlapping storage units.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>28</strong>.  The representation for a compilation.  See 10.1(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>A compilation is represented by a sequence of files presented to the
compiler in a single invocation of the <code>gcc</code> command.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>29</strong>.  Any restrictions on compilations that contain multiple
compilation_units.  See 10.1(4).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>No single file can contain more than one compilation unit, but any
sequence of files can be presented to the compiler as a single
compilation.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>30</strong>.  The mechanisms for creating an environment and for adding
and replacing compilation units.  See 10.1.4(3).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on compilation model.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>31</strong>.  The manner of explicitly assigning library units to a
partition.  See 10.2(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>If a unit contains an Ada main program, then the Ada units for the partition
are determined by recursive application of the rules in the Ada Reference
Manual section 10.2(2-6).  In other words, the Ada units will be those that
are needed by the main program, and then this definition of need is applied
recursively to those units, and the partition contains the transitive
closure determined by this relationship.  In short, all the necessary units
are included, with no need to explicitly specify the list.  If additional
units are required, e.g. by foreign language units, then all units must be
mentioned in the context clause of one of the needed Ada units.
</p>
<p>If the partition contains no main program, or if the main program is in
a language other than Ada, then GNAT
provides the binder options <samp>-z</samp> and <samp>-n</samp> respectively, and in
this case a list of units can be explicitly supplied to the binder for
inclusion in the partition (all units needed by these units will also
be included automatically).  For full details on the use of these
options, refer to <a href="gnat_ugn.html#The-GNAT-Make-Program-gnatmake">The GNAT Make Program gnatmake</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>32</strong>.  The implementation-defined means, if any, of specifying
which compilation units are needed by a given compilation unit.  See
10.2(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The units needed by a given compilation unit are as defined in
the Ada Reference Manual section 10.2(2-6).  There are no
implementation-defined pragmas or other implementation-defined
means for specifying needed units.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>33</strong>.  The manner of designating the main subprogram of a
partition.  See 10.2(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The main program is designated by providing the name of the
corresponding <samp>ALI</samp> file as the input parameter to the binder.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>34</strong>.  The order of elaboration of <code>library_items</code>.  See
10.2(18).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The first constraint on ordering is that it meets the requirements of
Chapter 10 of the Ada Reference Manual.  This still leaves some
implementation dependent choices, which are resolved by first
elaborating bodies as early as possible (i.e., in preference to specs
where there is a choice), and second by evaluating the immediate with
clauses of a unit to determine the probably best choice, and
third by elaborating in alphabetical order of unit names
where a choice still remains.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>35</strong>.  Parameter passing and function return for the main
subprogram.  See 10.2(21).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The main program has no parameters.  It may be a procedure, or a function
returning an integer type.  In the latter case, the returned integer
value is the return code of the program (overriding any value that
may have been set by a call to <code>Ada.Command_Line.Set_Exit_Status</code>).
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>36</strong>.  The mechanisms for building and running partitions.  See
10.2(24).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>GNAT itself supports programs with only a single partition.  The GNATDIST
tool provided with the GLADE package (which also includes an implementation
of the PCS) provides a completely flexible method for building and running
programs consisting of multiple partitions.  See the separate GLADE manual
for details.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>37</strong>.  The details of program execution, including program
termination.  See 10.2(25).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on compilation model.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>38</strong>.  The semantics of any non-active partitions supported by the
implementation.  See 10.2(28).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Passive partitions are supported on targets where shared memory is
provided by the operating system.  See the GLADE reference manual for
further details.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>39</strong>.  The information returned by <code>Exception_Message</code>.  See
11.4.1(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Exception message returns the null string unless a specific message has
been passed by the program.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>40</strong>.  The result of <code>Exceptions.Exception_Name</code> for types
declared within an unnamed <code>block_statement</code>.  See 11.4.1(12).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Blocks have implementation defined names of the form <code>B<var>nnn</var></code>
where <var>nnn</var> is an integer.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>41</strong>.  The information returned by
<code>Exception_Information</code>.  See 11.4.1(13).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p><code>Exception_Information</code> returns a string in the following format:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"><em>Exception_Name:</em> nnnnn
<em>Message:</em> mmmmm
<em>PID:</em> ppp
<em>Call stack traceback locations:</em>
0xhhhh 0xhhhh 0xhhhh ... 0xhhh
</pre></div>

<p>where
</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>nnnn</code> is the fully qualified name of the exception in all upper
case letters. This line is always present.

</li><li> <code>mmmm</code> is the message (this line present only if message is non-null)

</li><li> <code>ppp</code> is the Process Id value as a decimal integer (this line is
present only if the Process Id is nonzero). Currently we are
not making use of this field.

</li><li> The Call stack traceback locations line and the following values
are present only if at least one traceback location was recorded.
The values are given in C style format, with lower case letters
for a-f, and only as many digits present as are necessary.
</li></ul>

<p>The line terminator sequence at the end of each line, including
the last line is a single <code>LF</code> character (<code>16#0A#</code>).
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>42</strong>.  Implementation-defined check names.  See 11.5(27).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The implementation defined check name Alignment_Check controls checking of
address clause values for proper alignment (that is, the address supplied
must be consistent with the alignment of the type).
</p>
<p>In addition, a user program can add implementation-defined check names
by means of the pragma Check_Name.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>43</strong>.  The interpretation of each aspect of representation.  See
13.1(20).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on data representations.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>44</strong>.  Any restrictions placed upon representation items.  See
13.1(20).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See separate section on data representations.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>45</strong>.  The meaning of <code>Size</code> for indefinite subtypes.  See
13.3(48).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Size for an indefinite subtype is the maximum possible size, except that
for the case of a subprogram parameter, the size of the parameter object
is the actual size.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>46</strong>.  The default external representation for a type tag.  See
13.3(75).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The default external representation for a type tag is the fully expanded
name of the type in upper case letters.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>47</strong>.  What determines whether a compilation unit is the same in
two different partitions.  See 13.3(76).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>A compilation unit is the same in two different partitions if and only
if it derives from the same source file.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>48</strong>.  Implementation-defined components.  See 13.5.1(15).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The only implementation defined component is the tag for a tagged type,
which contains a pointer to the dispatching table.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>49</strong>.  If <code>Word_Size</code> = <code>Storage_Unit</code>, the default bit
ordering.  See 13.5.3(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p><code>Word_Size</code> (32) is not the same as <code>Storage_Unit</code> (8) for this
implementation, so no non-default bit ordering is supported.  The default
bit ordering corresponds to the natural endianness of the target architecture.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>50</strong>.  The contents of the visible part of package <code>System</code>
and its language-defined children.  See 13.7(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the definition of these packages in files <samp>system.ads</samp> and
<samp>s-stoele.ads</samp>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>51</strong>.  The contents of the visible part of package
<code>System.Machine_Code</code>, and the meaning of
<code>code_statements</code>.  See 13.8(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the definition and documentation in file <samp>s-maccod.ads</samp>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>52</strong>.  The effect of unchecked conversion.  See 13.9(11).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Unchecked conversion between types of the same size
results in an uninterpreted transmission of the bits from one type
to the other.  If the types are of unequal sizes, then in the case of
discrete types, a shorter source is first zero or sign extended as
necessary, and a shorter target is simply truncated on the left.
For all non-discrete types, the source is first copied if necessary
to ensure that the alignment requirements of the target are met, then
a pointer is constructed to the source value, and the result is obtained
by dereferencing this pointer after converting it to be a pointer to the
target type. Unchecked conversions where the target subtype is an
unconstrained array are not permitted. If the target alignment is
greater than the source alignment, then a copy of the result is
made with appropriate alignment
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>53</strong>. The semantics of operations on invalid representations.
See 13.9.2(10-11).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>For assignments and other operations where the use of invalid values cannot
result in erroneous behavior, the compiler ignores the possibility of invalid
values. An exception is raised at the point where an invalid value would
result in erroneous behavior. For example executing:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">procedure invalidvals is
   X : Integer := -1;
   Y : Natural range 1 .. 10;
   for Y'Address use X'Address;
   Z : Natural range 1 .. 10;
   A : array (Natural range 1 .. 10) of Integer;
begin
   Z := Y;     -- no exception
   A (Z) := 3; -- exception raised;
end;
</pre></div>

<p>As indicated, an exception is raised on the array assignment, but not
on the simple assignment of the invalid negative value from Y to Z.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>53</strong>.  The manner of choosing a storage pool for an access type
when <code>Storage_Pool</code> is not specified for the type.  See 13.11(17).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are 3 different standard pools used by the compiler when
<code>Storage_Pool</code> is not specified depending whether the type is local
to a subprogram or defined at the library level and whether
<code>Storage_Size</code>is specified or not.  See documentation in the runtime
library units <code>System.Pool_Global</code>, <code>System.Pool_Size</code> and
<code>System.Pool_Local</code> in files <samp>s-poosiz.ads</samp>,
<samp>s-pooglo.ads</samp> and <samp>s-pooloc.ads</samp> for full details on the
default pools used.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>54</strong>.  Whether or not the implementation provides user-accessible
names for the standard pool type(s).  See 13.11(17).
</p></td></tr></table>

<p>See documentation in the sources of the run time mentioned in paragraph
<strong>53</strong> .  All these pools are accessible by means of <code>with</code>&rsquo;ing
these units.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>55</strong>.  The meaning of <code>Storage_Size</code>.  See 13.11(18).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p><code>Storage_Size</code> is measured in storage units, and refers to the
total space available for an access type collection, or to the primary
stack space for a task.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>56</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of storage pools.  See
13.11(22).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See documentation in the sources of the run time mentioned in paragraph
<strong>53</strong> for details on GNAT-defined aspects of storage pools.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>57</strong>.  The set of restrictions allowed in a pragma
<code>Restrictions</code>.  See 13.12(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See <a href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions">Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>58</strong>.  The consequences of violating limitations on
<code>Restrictions</code> pragmas.  See 13.12(9).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Restrictions that can be checked at compile time result in illegalities
if violated.  Currently there are no other consequences of violating
restrictions.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>59</strong>.  The representation used by the <code>Read</code> and
<code>Write</code> attributes of elementary types in terms of stream
elements.  See 13.13.2(9).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The representation is the in-memory representation of the base type of
the type, using the number of bits corresponding to the
<code><var>type</var>'Size</code> value, and the natural ordering of the machine.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>60</strong>.  The names and characteristics of the numeric subtypes
declared in the visible part of package <code>Standard</code>.  See A.1(3).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See items describing the integer and floating-point types supported.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>61</strong>.  The accuracy actually achieved by the elementary
functions.  See A.5.1(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The elementary functions correspond to the functions available in the C
library.  Only fast math mode is implemented.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>62</strong>.  The sign of a zero result from some of the operators or
functions in <code>Numerics.Generic_Elementary_Functions</code>, when
<code>Float_Type'Signed_Zeros</code> is <code>True</code>.  See A.5.1(46).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The sign of zeroes follows the requirements of the IEEE 754 standard on
floating-point.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>63</strong>.  The value of
<code>Numerics.Float_Random.Max_Image_Width</code>.  See A.5.2(27).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Maximum image width is 6864, see library file <samp>s-rannum.ads</samp>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>64</strong>.  The value of
<code>Numerics.Discrete_Random.Max_Image_Width</code>.  See A.5.2(27).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Maximum image width is 6864, see library file <samp>s-rannum.ads</samp>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>65</strong>.  The algorithms for random number generation.  See
A.5.2(32).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The algorithm is the Mersenne Twister, as documented in the source file
<samp>s-rannum.adb</samp>. This version of the algorithm has a period of
2**19937-1.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>66</strong>.  The string representation of a random number generator&rsquo;s
state.  See A.5.2(38).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The value returned by the Image function is the concatenation of
the fixed-width decimal representations of the 624 32-bit integers
of the state vector.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>67</strong>.  The minimum time interval between calls to the
time-dependent Reset procedure that are guaranteed to initiate different
random number sequences.  See A.5.2(45).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The minimum period between reset calls to guarantee distinct series of
random numbers is one microsecond.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>68</strong>.  The values of the <code>Model_Mantissa</code>,
<code>Model_Emin</code>, <code>Model_Epsilon</code>, <code>Model</code>,
<code>Safe_First</code>, and <code>Safe_Last</code> attributes, if the Numerics
Annex is not supported.  See A.5.3(72).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Run the compiler with <samp>-gnatS</samp> to produce a listing of package
<code>Standard</code>, has the values of all numeric attributes.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>69</strong>.  Any implementation-defined characteristics of the
input-output packages.  See A.7(14).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no special implementation defined characteristics for these
packages.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>70</strong>.  The value of <code>Buffer_Size</code> in <code>Storage_IO</code>.  See
A.9(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>All type representations are contiguous, and the <code>Buffer_Size</code> is
the value of <code><var>type</var>'Size</code> rounded up to the next storage unit
boundary.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>71</strong>.  External files for standard input, standard output, and
standard error See A.10(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>These files are mapped onto the files provided by the C streams
libraries.  See source file <samp>i-cstrea.ads</samp> for further details.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>72</strong>.  The accuracy of the value produced by <code>Put</code>.  See
A.10.9(36).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>If more digits are requested in the output than are represented by the
precision of the value, zeroes are output in the corresponding least
significant digit positions.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>73</strong>.  The meaning of <code>Argument_Count</code>, <code>Argument</code>, and
<code>Command_Name</code>.  See A.15(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>These are mapped onto the <code>argv</code> and <code>argc</code> parameters of the
main program in the natural manner.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>74</strong>.  The interpretation of the <code>Form</code> parameter in procedure
<code>Create_Directory</code>.  See A.16(56).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The <code>Form</code> parameter is not used.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>75</strong>.  The interpretation of the <code>Form</code> parameter in procedure
<code>Create_Path</code>.  See A.16(60).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The <code>Form</code> parameter is not used.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>76</strong>.  The interpretation of the <code>Form</code> parameter in procedure
<code>Copy_File</code>.  See A.16(68).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The <code>Form</code> parameter is case-insensitive.
</p>
<p>Two fields are recognized in the <code>Form</code> parameter:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>preserve=&lt;value&gt;</code></dt>
<dt><code>mode=&lt;value&gt;</code></dt>
</dl>

<p>&lt;value&gt; starts immediately after the character &rsquo;=&rsquo; and ends with the
character immediately preceding the next comma (&rsquo;,&rsquo;) or with the last
character of the parameter.
</p>
<p>The only possible values for preserve= are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>no_attributes</code></dt>
<dd><p>Do not try to preserve any file attributes. This is the default if no
preserve= is found in Form.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>all_attributes</code></dt>
<dd><p>Try to preserve all file attributes (timestamps, access rights).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>timestamps</code></dt>
<dd><p>Preserve the timestamp of the copied file, but not the other file attributes.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>The only possible values for mode= are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>copy</code></dt>
<dd><p>Only do the copy if the destination file does not already exist. If it already
exists, Copy_File fails.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>overwrite</code></dt>
<dd><p>Copy the file in all cases. Overwrite an already existing destination file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>append</code></dt>
<dd><p>Append the original file to the destination file. If the destination file does
not exist, the destination file is a copy of the source file. When mode=append,
the field preserve=, if it exists, is not taken into account.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>If the Form parameter includes one or both of the fields and the value or
values are incorrect, Copy_file fails with Use_Error.
</p>
<p>Examples of correct Forms:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Form =&gt; &quot;preserve=no_attributes,mode=overwrite&quot; (the default)
Form =&gt; &quot;mode=append&quot;
Form =&gt; &quot;mode=copy, preserve=all_attributes&quot;
</pre></div>

<p>Examples of incorrect Forms
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Form =&gt; &quot;preserve=junk&quot;
Form =&gt; &quot;mode=internal, preserve=timestamps&quot;
</pre></div>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>77</strong>.  Implementation-defined convention names.  See B.1(11).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The following convention names are supported
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Ada</code></dt>
<dd><p>Ada
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Ada_Pass_By_Copy</code></dt>
<dd><p>Allowed for any types except by-reference types such as limited
records. Compatible with convention Ada, but causes any parameters
with this convention to be passed by copy.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Ada_Pass_By_Reference</code></dt>
<dd><p>Allowed for any types except by-copy types such as scalars.
Compatible with convention Ada, but causes any parameters
with this convention to be passed by reference.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Assembler</code></dt>
<dd><p>Assembly language
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Asm</code></dt>
<dd><p>Synonym for Assembler
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Assembly</code></dt>
<dd><p>Synonym for Assembler
</p></dd>
<dt><code>C</code></dt>
<dd><p>C
</p></dd>
<dt><code>C_Pass_By_Copy</code></dt>
<dd><p>Allowed only for record types, like C, but also notes that record
is to be passed by copy rather than reference.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>COBOL</code></dt>
<dd><p>COBOL
</p></dd>
<dt><code>C_Plus_Plus (or CPP)</code></dt>
<dd><p>C++
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Default</code></dt>
<dd><p>Treated the same as C
</p></dd>
<dt><code>External</code></dt>
<dd><p>Treated the same as C
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Fortran</code></dt>
<dd><p>Fortran
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Intrinsic</code></dt>
<dd><p>For support of pragma <code>Import</code> with convention Intrinsic, see
separate section on Intrinsic Subprograms.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Stdcall</code></dt>
<dd><p>Stdcall (used for Windows implementations only).  This convention correspond
to the WINAPI (previously called Pascal convention) C/C++ convention under
Windows.  A routine with this convention cleans the stack before
exit. This pragma cannot be applied to a dispatching call.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>DLL</code></dt>
<dd><p>Synonym for Stdcall
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Win32</code></dt>
<dd><p>Synonym for Stdcall
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Stubbed</code></dt>
<dd><p>Stubbed is a special convention used to indicate that the body of the
subprogram will be entirely ignored.  Any call to the subprogram
is converted into a raise of the <code>Program_Error</code> exception.  If a
pragma <code>Import</code> specifies convention <code>stubbed</code> then no body need
be present at all.  This convention is useful during development for the
inclusion of subprograms whose body has not yet been written.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>In addition, all otherwise unrecognized convention names are also
treated as being synonymous with convention C.  In all implementations
except for VMS, use of such other names results in a warning.  In VMS
implementations, these names are accepted silently.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>78</strong>.  The meaning of link names.  See B.1(36).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Link names are the actual names used by the linker.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>79</strong>.  The manner of choosing link names when neither the link
name nor the address of an imported or exported entity is specified.  See
B.1(36).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The default linker name is that which would be assigned by the relevant
external language, interpreting the Ada name as being in all lower case
letters.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>80</strong>.  The effect of pragma <code>Linker_Options</code>.  See B.1(37).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The string passed to <code>Linker_Options</code> is presented uninterpreted as
an argument to the link command, unless it contains ASCII.NUL characters.
NUL characters if they appear act as argument separators, so for example
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">pragma Linker_Options (&quot;-labc&quot; &amp; ASCII.NUL &amp; &quot;-ldef&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>causes two separate arguments <code>-labc</code> and <code>-ldef</code> to be passed to the
linker. The order of linker options is preserved for a given unit. The final
list of options passed to the linker is in reverse order of the elaboration
order. For example, linker options for a body always appear before the options
from the corresponding package spec.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>81</strong>.  The contents of the visible part of package
<code>Interfaces</code> and its language-defined descendants.  See B.2(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See files with prefix <samp>i-</samp> in the distributed library.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>82</strong>.  Implementation-defined children of package
<code>Interfaces</code>.  The contents of the visible part of package
<code>Interfaces</code>.  See B.2(11).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See files with prefix <samp>i-</samp> in the distributed library.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>83</strong>.  The types <code>Floating</code>, <code>Long_Floating</code>,
<code>Binary</code>, <code>Long_Binary</code>, <code>Decimal_ Element</code>, and
<code>COBOL_Character</code>; and the initialization of the variables
<code>Ada_To_COBOL</code> and <code>COBOL_To_Ada</code>, in
<code>Interfaces.COBOL</code>.  See B.4(50).
</p></td></tr></table>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Floating</code></dt>
<dd><p>Float
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Floating</code></dt>
<dd><p>(Floating) Long_Float
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Binary</code></dt>
<dd><p>Integer
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Binary</code></dt>
<dd><p>Long_Long_Integer
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Decimal_Element</code></dt>
<dd><p>Character
</p></dd>
<dt><code>COBOL_Character</code></dt>
<dd><p>Character
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>For initialization, see the file <samp>i-cobol.ads</samp> in the distributed library.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>84</strong>.  Support for access to machine instructions.  See C.1(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See documentation in file <samp>s-maccod.ads</samp> in the distributed library.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>85</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of access to machine
operations.  See C.1(9).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See documentation in file <samp>s-maccod.ads</samp> in the distributed library.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>86</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of interrupts.  See C.3(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Interrupts are mapped to signals or conditions as appropriate.  See
definition of unit
<code>Ada.Interrupt_Names</code> in source file <samp>a-intnam.ads</samp> for details
on the interrupts supported on a particular target.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>87</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of pre-elaboration.  See
C.4(13).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>GNAT does not permit a partition to be restarted without reloading,
except under control of the debugger.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>88</strong>.  The semantics of pragma <code>Discard_Names</code>.  See C.5(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Pragma <code>Discard_Names</code> causes names of enumeration literals to
be suppressed.  In the presence of this pragma, the Image attribute
provides the image of the Pos of the literal, and Value accepts
Pos values.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>89</strong>.  The result of the <code>Task_Identification.Image</code>
attribute.  See C.7.1(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The result of this attribute is a string that identifies
the object or component that denotes a given task. If a variable <code>Var</code>
has a task type, the image for this task will have the form <code>Var_<var>XXXXXXXX</var></code>,
where the suffix
is the hexadecimal representation of the virtual address of the corresponding
task control block. If the variable is an array of tasks, the image of each
task will have the form of an indexed component indicating the position of a
given task in the array, e.g. <code>Group(5)_<var>XXXXXXX</var></code>. If the task is a
component of a record, the image of the task will have the form of a selected
component. These rules are fully recursive, so that the image of a task that
is a subcomponent of a composite object corresponds to the expression that
designates this task.
If a task is created by an allocator, its image depends on the context. If the
allocator is part of an object declaration, the rules described above are used
to construct its image, and this image is not affected by subsequent
assignments. If the allocator appears within an expression, the image
includes only the name of the task type.
If the configuration pragma Discard_Names is present, or if the restriction
No_Implicit_Heap_Allocation is in effect,  the image reduces to
the numeric suffix, that is to say the hexadecimal representation of the
virtual address of the control block of the task.
</p><br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>90</strong>.  The value of <code>Current_Task</code> when in a protected entry
or interrupt handler.  See C.7.1(17).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Protected entries or interrupt handlers can be executed by any
convenient thread, so the value of <code>Current_Task</code> is undefined.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>91</strong>.  The effect of calling <code>Current_Task</code> from an entry
body or interrupt handler.  See C.7.1(19).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The effect of calling <code>Current_Task</code> from an entry body or
interrupt handler is to return the identification of the task currently
executing the code.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>92</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of
<code>Task_Attributes</code>.  See C.7.2(19).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation-defined aspects of <code>Task_Attributes</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>93</strong>.  Values of all <code>Metrics</code>.  See D(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The metrics information for GNAT depends on the performance of the
underlying operating system.  The sources of the run-time for tasking
implementation, together with the output from <samp>-gnatG</samp> can be
used to determine the exact sequence of operating systems calls made
to implement various tasking constructs.  Together with appropriate
information on the performance of the underlying operating system,
on the exact target in use, this information can be used to determine
the required metrics.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>94</strong>.  The declarations of <code>Any_Priority</code> and
<code>Priority</code>.  See D.1(11).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See declarations in file <samp>system.ads</samp>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>95</strong>.  Implementation-defined execution resources.  See D.1(15).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation-defined execution resources.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>96</strong>.  Whether, on a multiprocessor, a task that is waiting for
access to a protected object keeps its processor busy.  See D.2.1(3).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>On a multi-processor, a task that is waiting for access to a protected
object does not keep its processor busy.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>97</strong>.  The affect of implementation defined execution resources
on task dispatching.  See D.2.1(9).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Tasks map to threads in the threads package used by GNAT.  Where possible
and appropriate, these threads correspond to native threads of the
underlying operating system.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>98</strong>.  Implementation-defined <code>policy_identifiers</code> allowed
in a pragma <code>Task_Dispatching_Policy</code>.  See D.2.2(3).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation-defined policy-identifiers allowed in this
pragma.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>99</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of priority inversion.  See
D.2.2(16).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Execution of a task cannot be preempted by the implementation processing
of delay expirations for lower priority tasks.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>100</strong>.  Implementation-defined task dispatching.  See D.2.2(18).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The policy is the same as that of the underlying threads implementation.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>101</strong>.  Implementation-defined <code>policy_identifiers</code> allowed
in a pragma <code>Locking_Policy</code>.  See D.3(4).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The two implementation defined policies permitted in GNAT are
<code>Inheritance_Locking</code> and  <code>Conccurent_Readers_Locking</code>.  On
targets that support the <code>Inheritance_Locking</code> policy, locking is
implemented by inheritance, i.e. the task owning the lock operates
at a priority equal to the highest priority of any task currently
requesting the lock.  On targets that support the
<code>Conccurent_Readers_Locking</code> policy, locking is implemented with a
read/write lock allowing multiple propected object functions to enter
concurrently.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>102</strong>.  Default ceiling priorities.  See D.3(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The ceiling priority of protected objects of the type
<code>System.Interrupt_Priority'Last</code> as described in the Ada
Reference Manual D.3(10),
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>103</strong>.  The ceiling of any protected object used internally by
the implementation.  See D.3(16).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The ceiling priority of internal protected objects is
<code>System.Priority'Last</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>104</strong>.  Implementation-defined queuing policies.  See D.4(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation-defined queuing policies.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>105</strong>.  On a multiprocessor, any conditions that cause the
completion of an aborted construct to be delayed later than what is
specified for a single processor.  See D.6(3).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The semantics for abort on a multi-processor is the same as on a single
processor, there are no further delays.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>106</strong>.  Any operations that implicitly require heap storage
allocation.  See D.7(8).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The only operation that implicitly requires heap storage allocation is
task creation.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>107</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of pragma
<code>Restrictions</code>.  See D.7(20).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no such implementation-defined aspects.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>108</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of package
<code>Real_Time</code>.  See D.8(17).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation defined aspects of package <code>Real_Time</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>109</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of
<code>delay_statements</code>.  See D.9(8).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Any difference greater than one microsecond will cause the task to be
delayed (see D.9(7)).
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>110</strong>.  The upper bound on the duration of interrupt blocking
caused by the implementation.  See D.12(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The upper bound is determined by the underlying operating system.  In
no cases is it more than 10 milliseconds.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>111</strong>.  The means for creating and executing distributed
programs.  See E(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The GLADE package provides a utility GNATDIST for creating and executing
distributed programs.  See the GLADE reference manual for further details.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>112</strong>.  Any events that can result in a partition becoming
inaccessible.  See E.1(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the GLADE reference manual for full details on such events.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>113</strong>.  The scheduling policies, treatment of priorities, and
management of shared resources between partitions in certain cases.  See
E.1(11).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the GLADE reference manual for full details on these aspects of
multi-partition execution.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>114</strong>.  Events that cause the version of a compilation unit to
change.  See E.3(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Editing the source file of a compilation unit, or the source files of
any units on which it is dependent in a significant way cause the version
to change.  No other actions cause the version number to change.  All changes
are significant except those which affect only layout, capitalization or
comments.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>115</strong>.  Whether the execution of the remote subprogram is
immediately aborted as a result of cancellation.  See E.4(13).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the GLADE reference manual for details on the effect of abort in
a distributed application.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>116</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of the PCS.  See E.5(25).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the GLADE reference manual for a full description of all implementation
defined aspects of the PCS.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>117</strong>.  Implementation-defined interfaces in the PCS.  See
E.5(26).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>See the GLADE reference manual for a full description of all
implementation defined interfaces.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>118</strong>.  The values of named numbers in the package
<code>Decimal</code>.  See F.2(7).
</p></td></tr></table>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Max_Scale</code></dt>
<dd><p>+18
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Min_Scale</code></dt>
<dd><p>-18
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Min_Delta</code></dt>
<dd><p>1.0E-18
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Max_Delta</code></dt>
<dd><p>1.0E+18
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Max_Decimal_Digits</code></dt>
<dd><p>18
</p></dd>
</dl>

<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>119</strong>.  The value of <code>Max_Picture_Length</code> in the package
<code>Text_IO.Editing</code>.  See F.3.3(16).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>64
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>120</strong>.  The value of <code>Max_Picture_Length</code> in the package
<code>Wide_Text_IO.Editing</code>.  See F.3.4(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>64
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>121</strong>.  The accuracy actually achieved by the complex elementary
functions and by other complex arithmetic operations.  See G.1(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Standard library functions are used for the complex arithmetic
operations.  Only fast math mode is currently supported.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>122</strong>.  The sign of a zero result (or a component thereof) from
any operator or function in <code>Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types</code>, when
<code>Real'Signed_Zeros</code> is True.  See G.1.1(53).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The signs of zero values are as recommended by the relevant
implementation advice.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>123</strong>.  The sign of a zero result (or a component thereof) from
any operator or function in
<code>Numerics.Generic_Complex_Elementary_Functions</code>, when
<code>Real'Signed_Zeros</code> is <code>True</code>.  See G.1.2(45).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The signs of zero values are as recommended by the relevant
implementation advice.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>124</strong>.  Whether the strict mode or the relaxed mode is the
default.  See G.2(2).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The strict mode is the default.  There is no separate relaxed mode.  GNAT
provides a highly efficient implementation of strict mode.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>125</strong>.  The result interval in certain cases of fixed-to-float
conversion.  See G.2.1(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>For cases where the result interval is implementation dependent, the
accuracy is that provided by performing all operations in 64-bit IEEE
floating-point format.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>126</strong>.  The result of a floating point arithmetic operation in
overflow situations, when the <code>Machine_Overflows</code> attribute of the
result type is <code>False</code>.  See G.2.1(13).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Infinite and NaN values are produced as dictated by the IEEE
floating-point standard.
</p>
<p>Note that on machines that are not fully compliant with the IEEE
floating-point standard, such as Alpha, the <samp>-mieee</samp> compiler flag
must be used for achieving IEEE conforming behavior (although at the cost
of a significant performance penalty), so infinite and NaN values are
properly generated.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>127</strong>.  The result interval for division (or exponentiation by a
negative exponent), when the floating point hardware implements division
as multiplication by a reciprocal.  See G.2.1(16).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not relevant, division is IEEE exact.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>128</strong>.  The definition of close result set, which determines the
accuracy of certain fixed point multiplications and divisions.  See
G.2.3(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Operations in the close result set are performed using IEEE long format
floating-point arithmetic.  The input operands are converted to
floating-point, the operation is done in floating-point, and the result
is converted to the target type.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>129</strong>.  Conditions on a <code>universal_real</code> operand of a fixed
point multiplication or division for which the result shall be in the
perfect result set.  See G.2.3(22).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>The result is only defined to be in the perfect result set if the result
can be computed by a single scaling operation involving a scale factor
representable in 64-bits.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>130</strong>.  The result of a fixed point arithmetic operation in
overflow situations, when the <code>Machine_Overflows</code> attribute of the
result type is <code>False</code>.  See G.2.3(27).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Not relevant, <code>Machine_Overflows</code> is <code>True</code> for fixed-point
types.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>131</strong>.  The result of an elementary function reference in
overflow situations, when the <code>Machine_Overflows</code> attribute of the
result type is <code>False</code>.  See G.2.4(4).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>IEEE infinite and Nan values are produced as appropriate.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>132</strong>.  The value of the angle threshold, within which certain
elementary functions, complex arithmetic operations, and complex
elementary functions yield results conforming to a maximum relative
error bound.  See G.2.4(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Information on this subject is not yet available.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>133</strong>.  The accuracy of certain elementary functions for
parameters beyond the angle threshold.  See G.2.4(10).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Information on this subject is not yet available.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>134</strong>.  The result of a complex arithmetic operation or complex
elementary function reference in overflow situations, when the
<code>Machine_Overflows</code> attribute of the corresponding real type is
<code>False</code>.  See G.2.6(5).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>IEEE infinite and Nan values are produced as appropriate.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>135</strong>.  The accuracy of certain complex arithmetic operations and
certain complex elementary functions for parameters (or components
thereof) beyond the angle threshold.  See G.2.6(8).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Information on those subjects is not yet available.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>136</strong>.  Information regarding bounded errors and erroneous
execution.  See H.2(1).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Information on this subject is not yet available.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>137</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of pragma
<code>Inspection_Point</code>.  See H.3.2(8).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>Pragma <code>Inspection_Point</code> ensures that the variable is live and can
be examined by the debugger at the inspection point.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>138</strong>.  Implementation-defined aspects of pragma
<code>Restrictions</code>.  See H.4(25).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no implementation-defined aspects of pragma <code>Restrictions</code>.  The
use of pragma <code>Restrictions [No_Exceptions]</code> has no effect on the
generated code.  Checks must suppressed by use of pragma <code>Suppress</code>.
</p>
<br>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><strong>139</strong>.  Any restrictions on pragma <code>Restrictions</code>.  See
H.4(27).
</p></td></tr></table>
<p>There are no restrictions on pragma <code>Restrictions</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Intrinsic-Subprograms"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="n" rel="next">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Characteristics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implementation Defined Characteristics</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Intrinsic-Subprograms-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">6 Intrinsic Subprograms</h2>
<a name="index-Intrinsic-Subprograms"></a>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Intrinsic-Operators" accesskey="1">Intrinsic Operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enclosing_005fEntity" accesskey="2">Enclosing_Entity</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Exception_005fInformation" accesskey="3">Exception_Information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Exception_005fMessage" accesskey="4">Exception_Message</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Exception_005fName" accesskey="5">Exception_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#File" accesskey="6">File</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Line" accesskey="7">Line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates" accesskey="8">Shifts and Rotates</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Source_005fLocation" accesskey="9">Source_Location</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<p>GNAT allows a user application program to write the declaration:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   pragma Import (Intrinsic, name);
</pre></div>

<p>providing that the name corresponds to one of the implemented intrinsic
subprograms in GNAT, and that the parameter profile of the referenced
subprogram meets the requirements.  This chapter describes the set of
implemented intrinsic subprograms, and the requirements on parameter profiles.
Note that no body is supplied; as with other uses of pragma Import, the
body is supplied elsewhere (in this case by the compiler itself).  Note
that any use of this feature is potentially non-portable, since the
Ada standard does not require Ada compilers to implement this feature.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Intrinsic-Operators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Enclosing_005fEntity" accesskey="n" rel="next">Enclosing_Entity</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Intrinsic-Operators-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.1 Intrinsic Operators</h3>
<a name="index-Intrinsic-operator"></a>

<p>All the predefined numeric operators in package Standard
in <code>pragma Import (Intrinsic,..)</code>
declarations.  In the binary operator case, the operands must have the same
size.  The operand or operands must also be appropriate for
the operator.  For example, for addition, the operands must
both be floating-point or both be fixed-point, and the
right operand for <code>&quot;**&quot;</code> must have a root type of
<code>Standard.Integer'Base</code>.
You can use an intrinsic operator declaration as in the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Int1 is new Integer;
   type Int2 is new Integer;

   function &quot;+&quot; (X1 : Int1; X2 : Int2) return Int1;
   function &quot;+&quot; (X1 : Int1; X2 : Int2) return Int2;
   pragma Import (Intrinsic, &quot;+&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>This declaration would permit &ldquo;mixed mode&rdquo; arithmetic on items
of the differing types <code>Int1</code> and <code>Int2</code>.
It is also possible to specify such operators for private types, if the
full views are appropriate arithmetic types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Enclosing_005fEntity"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Exception_005fInformation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Exception_Information</a>, Previous: <a href="#Intrinsic-Operators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Intrinsic Operators</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Enclosing_005fEntity-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.2 Enclosing_Entity</h3>
<a name="index-Enclosing_005fEntity"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Source_Info</code>.  The only useful use of the
intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit, so an
application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Source_Info.Enclosing_Entity</code> to obtain the name of
the current subprogram, package, task, entry, or protected subprogram.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Exception_005fInformation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Exception_005fMessage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Exception_Message</a>, Previous: <a href="#Enclosing_005fEntity" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Enclosing_Entity</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Exception_005fInformation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.3 Exception_Information</h3>
<a name="index-Exception_005fInformation_0027"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Current_Exception</code>.  The only useful
use of the intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit,
so an application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Current_Exception.Exception_Information</code> to obtain
the exception information associated with the current exception.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Exception_005fMessage"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Exception_005fName" accesskey="n" rel="next">Exception_Name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Exception_005fInformation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Exception_Information</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Exception_005fMessage-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.4 Exception_Message</h3>
<a name="index-Exception_005fMessage"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Current_Exception</code>.  The only useful
use of the intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit,
so an application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Current_Exception.Exception_Message</code> to obtain
the message associated with the current exception.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Exception_005fName"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#File" accesskey="n" rel="next">File</a>, Previous: <a href="#Exception_005fMessage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Exception_Message</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Exception_005fName-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.5 Exception_Name</h3>
<a name="index-Exception_005fName"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Current_Exception</code>.  The only useful
use of the intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit,
so an application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Current_Exception.Exception_Name</code> to obtain
the name of the current exception.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="File"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Line</a>, Previous: <a href="#Exception_005fName" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Exception_Name</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="File-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.6 File</h3>
<a name="index-File"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Source_Info</code>.  The only useful use of the
intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit, so an
application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Source_Info.File</code> to obtain the name of the current
file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Line"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Shifts and Rotates</a>, Previous: <a href="#File" accesskey="p" rel="prev">File</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Line-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.7 Line</h3>
<a name="index-Line"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Source_Info</code>.  The only useful use of the
intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit, so an
application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Source_Info.Line</code> to obtain the number of the current
source line.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Shifts-and-Rotates"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Source_005fLocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Source_Location</a>, Previous: <a href="#Line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Line</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Shifts-and-Rotates-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.8 Shifts and Rotates</h3>
<a name="index-Shift_005fLeft"></a>
<a name="index-Shift_005fRight"></a>
<a name="index-Shift_005fRight_005fArithmetic"></a>
<a name="index-Rotate_005fLeft"></a>
<a name="index-Rotate_005fRight"></a>
<p>In standard Ada, the shift and rotate functions are available only
for the predefined modular types in package <code>Interfaces</code>.  However, in
GNAT it is possible to define these functions for any integer
type (signed or modular), as in this example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   function Shift_Left
     (Value  : T;
      Amount : Natural)
      return   T;
</pre></div>

<p>The function name must be one of
Shift_Left, Shift_Right, Shift_Right_Arithmetic, Rotate_Left, or
Rotate_Right. T must be an integer type. T&rsquo;Size must be
8, 16, 32 or 64 bits; if T is modular, the modulus
must be 2**8, 2**16, 2**32 or 2**64.
The result type must be the same as the type of <code>Value</code>.
The shift amount must be Natural.
The formal parameter names can be anything.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Source_005fLocation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Shifts and Rotates</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Subprograms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Source_005fLocation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.9 Source_Location</h3>
<a name="index-Source_005fLocation"></a>
<p>This intrinsic subprogram is used in the implementation of the
library routine <code>GNAT.Source_Info</code>.  The only useful use of the
intrinsic import in this case is the one in this unit, so an
application program should simply call the function
<code>GNAT.Source_Info.Source_Location</code> to obtain the current
source file location.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Standard-Library-Routines" accesskey="n" rel="next">Standard Library Routines</a>, Previous: <a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Intrinsic Subprograms</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">7 Representation Clauses and Pragmas</h2>
<a name="index-Representation-Clauses"></a>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Alignment-Clauses" accesskey="1">Alignment Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Size-Clauses" accesskey="2">Size Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Storage_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="3">Storage_Size Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects" accesskey="4">Size of Variant Record Objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Biased-Representation" accesskey="5">Biased Representation </a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="6">Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Component_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="7">Component_Size Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses" accesskey="8">Bit_Order Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering" accesskey="9">Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays">Pragma Pack for Arrays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Records">Pragma Pack for Records</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Record-Representation-Clauses">Record Representation Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Enumeration-Clauses">Enumeration Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation">Effect of Convention on Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT">Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<a name="index-Representation-Clause"></a>
<a name="index-Representation-Pragma"></a>
<a name="index-Pragma_002c-representation"></a>
<p>This section describes the representation clauses accepted by GNAT, and
their effect on the representation of corresponding data objects.
</p>
<p>GNAT fully implements Annex C (Systems Programming).  This means that all
the implementation advice sections in chapter 13 are fully implemented.
However, these sections only require a minimal level of support for
representation clauses.  GNAT provides much more extensive capabilities,
and this section describes the additional capabilities provided.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Alignment-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Size-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Size Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Alignment-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.1 Alignment Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Alignment-Clause"></a>

<p>GNAT requires that all alignment clauses specify a power of 2, and all
default alignments are always a power of 2.  The default alignment
values are as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <em>Primitive Types</em>.
For primitive types, the alignment is the minimum of the actual size of
objects of the type divided by <code>Storage_Unit</code>,
and the maximum alignment supported by the target.
(This maximum alignment is given by the GNAT-specific attribute
<code>Standard'Maximum_Alignment</code>; see <a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment">Maximum_Alignment</a>.)
<a name="index-Maximum_005fAlignment-attribute"></a>
For example, for type <code>Long_Float</code>, the object size is 8 bytes, and the
default alignment will be 8 on any target that supports alignments
this large, but on some targets, the maximum alignment may be smaller
than 8, in which case objects of type <code>Long_Float</code> will be maximally
aligned.

</li><li> <em>Arrays</em>.
For arrays, the alignment is equal to the alignment of the component type
for the normal case where no packing or component size is given.  If the
array is packed, and the packing is effective (see separate section on
packed arrays), then the alignment will be one for long packed arrays,
or arrays whose length is not known at compile time.  For short packed
arrays, which are handled internally as modular types, the alignment
will be as described for primitive types, e.g. a packed array of length
31 bits will have an object size of four bytes, and an alignment of 4.

</li><li> <em>Records</em>.
For the normal non-packed case, the alignment of a record is equal to
the maximum alignment of any of its components.  For tagged records, this
includes the implicit access type used for the tag.  If a pragma <code>Pack</code>
is used and all components are packable (see separate section on pragma
<code>Pack</code>), then the resulting alignment is 1, unless the layout of the
record makes it profitable to increase it.

<p>A special case is when:
</p><ul>
<li> the size of the record is given explicitly, or a
full record representation clause is given, and
</li><li> the size of the record is 2, 4, or 8 bytes.
</li></ul>
<p>In this case, an alignment is chosen to match the
size of the record. For example, if we have:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Small is record
      A, B : Character;
   end record;
   for Small'Size use 16;
</pre></div>

<p>then the default alignment of the record type <code>Small</code> is 2, not 1. This
leads to more efficient code when the record is treated as a unit, and also
allows the type to specified as <code>Atomic</code> on architectures requiring
strict alignment.
</p>
</li></ul>

<p>An alignment clause may specify a larger alignment than the default value
up to some maximum value dependent on the target (obtainable by using the
attribute reference <code>Standard'Maximum_Alignment</code>). It may also specify
a smaller alignment than the default value for enumeration, integer and
fixed point types, as well as for record types, for example
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  type V is record
     A : Integer;
  end record;

  for V'alignment use 1;
</pre></div>

<a name="index-Alignment_002c-default"></a>
<p>The default alignment for the type <code>V</code> is 4, as a result of the
Integer field in the record, but it is permissible, as shown, to
override the default alignment of the record with a smaller value.
</p>
<a name="index-Alignment_002c-subtypes"></a>
<p>Note that according to the Ada standard, an alignment clause applies only
to the first named subtype. If additional subtypes are declared, then the
compiler is allowed to choose any alignment it likes, and there is no way
to control this choice. Consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is range 1 .. 10_000;
   for R'Alignment use 1;
   subtype RS is R range 1 .. 1000;
</pre></div>

<p>The alignment clause specifies an alignment of 1 for the first named subtype
<code>R</code> but this does not necessarily apply to <code>RS</code>. When writing
portable Ada code, you should avoid writing code that explicitly or
implicitly relies on the alignment of such subtypes.
</p>
<p>For the GNAT compiler, if an explicit alignment clause is given, this
value is also used for any subsequent subtypes. So for GNAT, in the
above example, you can count on the alignment of <code>RS</code> being 1. But this
assumption is non-portable, and other compilers may choose different
alignments for the subtype <code>RS</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Size-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Storage_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Storage_Size Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Alignment-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Alignment Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Size-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.2 Size Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Size-Clause"></a>

<p>The default size for a type <code>T</code> is obtainable through the
language-defined attribute <code>T'Size</code> and also through the
equivalent GNAT-defined attribute <code>T'Value_Size</code>.
For objects of type <code>T</code>, GNAT will generally increase the type size
so that the object size (obtainable through the GNAT-defined attribute
<code>T'Object_Size</code>)
is a multiple of <code>T'Alignment * Storage_Unit</code>.
For example
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Smallint is range 1 .. 6;

   type Rec is record
      Y1 : integer;
      Y2 : boolean;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>In this example, <code>Smallint'Size</code> = <code>Smallint'Value_Size</code> = 3,
as specified by the RM rules,
but objects of this type will have a size of 8
(<code>Smallint'Object_Size</code> = 8),
since objects by default occupy an integral number
of storage units.  On some targets, notably older
versions of the Digital Alpha, the size of stand
alone objects of this type may be 32, reflecting
the inability of the hardware to do byte load/stores.
</p>
<p>Similarly, the size of type <code>Rec</code> is 40 bits
(<code>Rec'Size</code> = <code>Rec'Value_Size</code> = 40), but
the alignment is 4, so objects of this type will have
their size increased to 64 bits so that it is a multiple
of the alignment (in bits).  This decision is
in accordance with the specific Implementation Advice in RM 13.3(43):
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A <code>Size</code> clause should be supported for an object if the specified
<code>Size</code> is at least as large as its subtype&rsquo;s <code>Size</code>, and corresponds
to a size in storage elements that is a multiple of the object&rsquo;s
<code>Alignment</code> (if the <code>Alignment</code> is nonzero).
</p></blockquote>

<p>An explicit size clause may be used to override the default size by
increasing it.  For example, if we have:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type My_Boolean is new Boolean;
   for My_Boolean'Size use 32;
</pre></div>

<p>then values of this type will always be 32 bits long.  In the case of
discrete types, the size can be increased up to 64 bits, with the effect
that the entire specified field is used to hold the value, sign- or
zero-extended as appropriate.  If more than 64 bits is specified, then
padding space is allocated after the value, and a warning is issued that
there are unused bits.
</p>
<p>Similarly the size of records and arrays may be increased, and the effect
is to add padding bits after the value.  This also causes a warning message
to be generated.
</p>
<p>The largest Size value permitted in GNAT is 2**31-1.  Since this is a
Size in bits, this corresponds to an object of size 256 megabytes (minus
one).  This limitation is true on all targets.  The reason for this
limitation is that it improves the quality of the code in many cases
if it is known that a Size value can be accommodated in an object of
type Integer.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Storage_005fSize-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects" accesskey="n" rel="next">Size of Variant Record Objects</a>, Previous: <a href="#Size-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Size Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Storage_005fSize-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.3 Storage_Size Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Storage_005fSize-Clause"></a>

<p>For tasks, the <code>Storage_Size</code> clause specifies the amount of space
to be allocated for the task stack.  This cannot be extended, and if the
stack is exhausted, then <code>Storage_Error</code> will be raised (if stack
checking is enabled).  Use a <code>Storage_Size</code> attribute definition clause,
or a <code>Storage_Size</code> pragma in the task definition to set the
appropriate required size.  A useful technique is to include in every
task definition a pragma of the form:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   pragma Storage_Size (Default_Stack_Size);
</pre></div>

<p>Then <code>Default_Stack_Size</code> can be defined in a global package, and
modified as required. Any tasks requiring stack sizes different from the
default can have an appropriate alternative reference in the pragma.
</p>
<p>You can also use the <samp>-d</samp> binder switch to modify the default stack
size.
</p>
<p>For access types, the <code>Storage_Size</code> clause specifies the maximum
space available for allocation of objects of the type.  If this space is
exceeded then <code>Storage_Error</code> will be raised by an allocation attempt.
In the case where the access type is declared local to a subprogram, the
use of a <code>Storage_Size</code> clause triggers automatic use of a special
predefined storage pool (<code>System.Pool_Size</code>) that ensures that all
space for the pool is automatically reclaimed on exit from the scope in
which the type is declared.
</p>
<p>A special case recognized by the compiler is the specification of a
<code>Storage_Size</code> of zero for an access type.  This means that no
items can be allocated from the pool, and this is recognized at compile
time, and all the overhead normally associated with maintaining a fixed
size storage pool is eliminated.  Consider the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   procedure p is
      type R is array (Natural) of Character;
      type P is access all R;
      for P'Storage_Size use 0;
      --  Above access type intended only for interfacing purposes

      y : P;

      procedure g (m : P);
      pragma Import (C, g);

      --  &hellip;

   begin
      --  &hellip;
      y := new R;
   end;
</pre></div>

<p>As indicated in this example, these dummy storage pools are often useful in
connection with interfacing where no object will ever be allocated.  If you
compile the above example, you get the warning:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   p.adb:16:09: warning: allocation from empty storage pool
   p.adb:16:09: warning: Storage_Error will be raised at run time
</pre></div>

<p>Of course in practice, there will not be any explicit allocators in the
case of such an access declaration.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Biased-Representation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Biased Representation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Storage_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Storage_Size Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.4 Size of Variant Record Objects</h3>
<a name="index-Size_002c-variant-record-objects"></a>
<a name="index-Variant-record-objects_002c-size"></a>

<p>In the case of variant record objects, there is a question whether Size gives
information about a particular variant, or the maximum size required
for any variant.  Consider the following program
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">with Text_IO; use Text_IO;
procedure q is
   type R1 (A : Boolean := False) is record
     case A is
       when True  =&gt; X : Character;
       when False =&gt; null;
     end case;
   end record;

   V1 : R1 (False);
   V2 : R1;

begin
   Put_Line (Integer'Image (V1'Size));
   Put_Line (Integer'Image (V2'Size));
end q;
</pre></div>

<p>Here we are dealing with a variant record, where the True variant
requires 16 bits, and the False variant requires 8 bits.
In the above example, both V1 and V2 contain the False variant,
which is only 8 bits long.  However, the result of running the
program is:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">8
16
</pre></div>

<p>The reason for the difference here is that the discriminant value of
V1 is fixed, and will always be False.  It is not possible to assign
a True variant value to V1, therefore 8 bits is sufficient.  On the
other hand, in the case of V2, the initial discriminant value is
False (from the default), but it is possible to assign a True
variant value to V2, therefore 16 bits must be allocated for V2
in the general case, even fewer bits may be needed at any particular
point during the program execution.
</p>
<p>As can be seen from the output of this program, the <code>'Size</code>
attribute applied to such an object in GNAT gives the actual allocated
size of the variable, which is the largest size of any of the variants.
The Ada Reference Manual is not completely clear on what choice should
be made here, but the GNAT behavior seems most consistent with the
language in the RM.
</p>
<p>In some cases, it may be desirable to obtain the size of the current
variant, rather than the size of the largest variant.  This can be
achieved in GNAT by making use of the fact that in the case of a
subprogram parameter, GNAT does indeed return the size of the current
variant (because a subprogram has no way of knowing how much space
is actually allocated for the actual).
</p>
<p>Consider the following modified version of the above program:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">with Text_IO; use Text_IO;
procedure q is
   type R1 (A : Boolean := False) is record
     case A is
       when True  =&gt; X : Character;
       when False =&gt; null;
     end case;
   end record;

   V2 : R1;

   function Size (V : R1) return Integer is
   begin
      return V'Size;
   end Size;

begin
   Put_Line (Integer'Image (V2'Size));
   Put_Line (Integer'IMage (Size (V2)));
   V2 := (True, 'x');
   Put_Line (Integer'Image (V2'Size));
   Put_Line (Integer'IMage (Size (V2)));
end q;
</pre></div>

<p>The output from this program is
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">16
8
16
16
</pre></div>

<p>Here we see that while the <code>'Size</code> attribute always returns
the maximum size, regardless of the current variant value, the
<code>Size</code> function does indeed return the size of the current
variant value.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Biased-Representation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Size of Variant Record Objects</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Biased-Representation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.5 Biased Representation</h3>
<a name="index-Size-for-biased-representation"></a>
<a name="index-Biased-representation"></a>

<p>In the case of scalars with a range starting at other than zero, it is
possible in some cases to specify a size smaller than the default minimum
value, and in such cases, GNAT uses an unsigned biased representation,
in which zero is used to represent the lower bound, and successive values
represent successive values of the type.
</p>
<p>For example, suppose we have the declaration:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Small is range -7 .. -4;
   for Small'Size use 2;
</pre></div>

<p>Although the default size of type <code>Small</code> is 4, the <code>Size</code>
clause is accepted by GNAT and results in the following representation
scheme:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  -7 is represented as 2#00#
  -6 is represented as 2#01#
  -5 is represented as 2#10#
  -4 is represented as 2#11#
</pre></div>

<p>Biased representation is only used if the specified <code>Size</code> clause
cannot be accepted in any other manner.  These reduced sizes that force
biased representation can be used for all discrete types except for
enumeration types for which a representation clause is given.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Component_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Component_Size Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Biased-Representation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Biased Representation</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.6 Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Value_005fSize-1"></a>
<a name="index-Object_005fSize-1"></a>
<a name="index-Size_002c-of-objects"></a>

<p>In Ada 95 and Ada 2005, <code>T'Size</code> for a type <code>T</code> is the minimum
number of bits required to hold values of type <code>T</code>.
Although this interpretation was allowed in Ada 83, it was not required,
and this requirement in practice can cause some significant difficulties.
For example, in most Ada 83 compilers, <code>Natural'Size</code> was 32.
However, in Ada 95 and Ada 2005,
<code>Natural'Size</code> is
typically 31.  This means that code may change in behavior when moving
from Ada 83 to Ada 95 or Ada 2005.  For example, consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Rec is record;
      A : Natural;
      B : Natural;
   end record;

   for Rec use record
      at 0  range 0 .. Natural'Size - 1;
      at 0  range Natural'Size .. 2 * Natural'Size - 1;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>In the above code, since the typical size of <code>Natural</code> objects
is 32 bits and <code>Natural'Size</code> is 31, the above code can cause
unexpected inefficient packing in Ada 95 and Ada 2005, and in general
there are cases where the fact that the object size can exceed the
size of the type causes surprises.
</p>
<p>To help get around this problem GNAT provides two implementation
defined attributes, <code>Value_Size</code> and <code>Object_Size</code>.  When
applied to a type, these attributes yield the size of the type
(corresponding to the RM defined size attribute), and the size of
objects of the type respectively.
</p>
<p>The <code>Object_Size</code> is used for determining the default size of
objects and components.  This size value can be referred to using the
<code>Object_Size</code> attribute.  The phrase &ldquo;is used&rdquo; here means that it is
the basis of the determination of the size.  The backend is free to
pad this up if necessary for efficiency, e.g. an 8-bit stand-alone
character might be stored in 32 bits on a machine with no efficient
byte access instructions such as the Alpha.
</p>
<p>The default rules for the value of <code>Object_Size</code> for
discrete types are as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The <code>Object_Size</code> for base subtypes reflect the natural hardware
size in bits (run the compiler with <samp>-gnatS</samp> to find those values
for numeric types). Enumeration types and fixed-point base subtypes have
8, 16, 32 or 64 bits for this size, depending on the range of values
to be stored.

</li><li> The <code>Object_Size</code> of a subtype is the same as the
<code>Object_Size</code> of
the type from which it is obtained.

</li><li> The <code>Object_Size</code> of a derived base type is copied from the parent
base type, and the <code>Object_Size</code> of a derived first subtype is copied
from the parent first subtype.
</li></ul>

<p>The <code>Value_Size</code> attribute
is the (minimum) number of bits required to store a value
of the type.
This value is used to determine how tightly to pack
records or arrays with components of this type, and also affects
the semantics of unchecked conversion (unchecked conversions where
the <code>Value_Size</code> values differ generate a warning, and are potentially
target dependent).
</p>
<p>The default rules for the value of <code>Value_Size</code> are as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The <code>Value_Size</code> for a base subtype is the minimum number of bits
required to store all values of the type (including the sign bit
only if negative values are possible).

</li><li> If a subtype statically matches the first subtype of a given type, then it has
by default the same <code>Value_Size</code> as the first subtype.  This is a
consequence of RM 13.1(14) (&ldquo;if two subtypes statically match,
then their subtype-specific aspects are the same&rdquo;.)

</li><li> All other subtypes have a <code>Value_Size</code> corresponding to the minimum
number of bits required to store all values of the subtype.  For
dynamic bounds, it is assumed that the value can range down or up
to the corresponding bound of the ancestor
</li></ul>

<p>The RM defined attribute <code>Size</code> corresponds to the
<code>Value_Size</code> attribute.
</p>
<p>The <code>Size</code> attribute may be defined for a first-named subtype.  This sets
the <code>Value_Size</code> of
the first-named subtype to the given value, and the
<code>Object_Size</code> of this first-named subtype to the given value padded up
to an appropriate boundary.  It is a consequence of the default rules
above that this <code>Object_Size</code> will apply to all further subtypes.  On the
other hand, <code>Value_Size</code> is affected only for the first subtype, any
dynamic subtypes obtained from it directly, and any statically matching
subtypes.  The <code>Value_Size</code> of any other static subtypes is not affected.
</p>
<p><code>Value_Size</code> and
<code>Object_Size</code> may be explicitly set for any subtype using
an attribute definition clause.  Note that the use of these attributes
can cause the RM 13.1(14) rule to be violated.  If two access types
reference aliased objects whose subtypes have differing <code>Object_Size</code>
values as a result of explicit attribute definition clauses, then it
is erroneous to convert from one access subtype to the other.
</p>
<p>At the implementation level, Esize stores the Object_Size and the
RM_Size field stores the <code>Value_Size</code> (and hence the value of the
<code>Size</code> attribute,
which, as noted above, is equivalent to <code>Value_Size</code>).
</p>
<p>To get a feel for the difference, consider the following examples (note
that in each case the base is <code>Short_Short_Integer</code> with a size of 8):
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">                                       Object_Size     Value_Size

type x1 is range 0 .. 5;                    8               3

type x2 is range 0 .. 5;
for x2'size use 12;                        16              12

subtype x3 is x2 range 0 .. 3;             16               2

subtype x4 is x2'base range 0 .. 10;        8               4

subtype x5 is x2 range 0 .. dynamic;       16               3*

subtype x6 is x2'base range 0 .. dynamic;   8               3*

</pre></div>

<p>Note: the entries marked &ldquo;3*&rdquo; are not actually specified by the Ada
Reference Manual, but it seems in the spirit of the RM rules to allocate
the minimum number of bits (here 3, given the range for <code>x2</code>)
known to be large enough to hold the given range of values.
</p>
<p>So far, so good, but GNAT has to obey the RM rules, so the question is
under what conditions must the RM <code>Size</code> be used.
The following is a list
of the occasions on which the RM <code>Size</code> must be used:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Component size for packed arrays or records

</li><li> Value of the attribute <code>Size</code> for a type

</li><li> Warning about sizes not matching for unchecked conversion
</li></ul>

<p>For record types, the <code>Object_Size</code> is always a multiple of the
alignment of the type (this is true for all types). In some cases the
<code>Value_Size</code> can be smaller. Consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is record
     X : Integer;
     Y : Character;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>On a typical 32-bit architecture, the X component will be four bytes, and
require four-byte alignment, and the Y component will be one byte. In this
case <code>R'Value_Size</code> will be 40 (bits) since this is the minimum size
required to store a value of this type, and for example, it is permissible
to have a component of type R in an outer array whose component size is
specified to be 48 bits. However, <code>R'Object_Size</code> will be 64 (bits),
since it must be rounded up so that this value is a multiple of the
alignment (4 bytes = 32 bits).
</p>
<p>For all other types, the <code>Object_Size</code>
and Value_Size are the same (and equivalent to the RM attribute <code>Size</code>).
Only <code>Size</code> may be specified for such types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Component_005fSize-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bit_Order Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Component_005fSize-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.7 Component_Size Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Component_005fSize-Clause"></a>

<p>Normally, the value specified in a component size clause must be consistent
with the subtype of the array component with regard to size and alignment.
In other words, the value specified must be at least equal to the size
of this subtype, and must be a multiple of the alignment value.
</p>
<p>In addition, component size clauses are allowed which cause the array
to be packed, by specifying a smaller value.  A first case is for
component size values in the range 1 through 63.  The value specified
must not be smaller than the Size of the subtype.  GNAT will accurately
honor all packing requests in this range.  For example, if we have:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type r is array (1 .. 8) of Natural;
for r'Component_Size use 31;
</pre></div>

<p>then the resulting array has a length of 31 bytes (248 bits = 8 * 31).
Of course access to the components of such an array is considerably
less efficient than if the natural component size of 32 is used.
A second case is when the subtype of the component is a record type
padded because of its default alignment.  For example, if we have:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type r is record
  i : Integer;
  j : Integer;
  b : Boolean;
end record;

type a is array (1 .. 8) of r;
for a'Component_Size use 72;
</pre></div>

<p>then the resulting array has a length of 72 bytes, instead of 96 bytes
if the alignment of the record (4) was obeyed.
</p>
<p>Note that there is no point in giving both a component size clause
and a pragma Pack for the same array type. if such duplicate
clauses are given, the pragma Pack will be ignored.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Bit_005fOrder-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering" accesskey="n" rel="next">Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</a>, Previous: <a href="#Component_005fSize-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Component_Size Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Bit_005fOrder-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.8 Bit_Order Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Bit_005fOrder-Clause"></a>
<a name="index-bit-ordering"></a>
<a name="index-ordering_002c-of-bits"></a>

<p>For record subtypes, GNAT permits the specification of the <code>Bit_Order</code>
attribute.  The specification may either correspond to the default bit
order for the target, in which case the specification has no effect and
places no additional restrictions, or it may be for the non-standard
setting (that is the opposite of the default).
</p>
<p>In the case where the non-standard value is specified, the effect is
to renumber bits within each byte, but the ordering of bytes is not
affected.  There are certain
restrictions placed on component clauses as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Components fitting within a single storage unit.
These are unrestricted, and the effect is merely to renumber bits.  For
example if we are on a little-endian machine with <code>Low_Order_First</code>
being the default, then the following two declarations have exactly
the same effect:

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R1 is record
      A : Boolean;
      B : Integer range 1 .. 120;
   end record;

   for R1 use record
      A at 0 range 0 .. 0;
      B at 0 range 1 .. 7;
   end record;

   type R2 is record
      A : Boolean;
      B : Integer range 1 .. 120;
   end record;

   for R2'Bit_Order use High_Order_First;

   for R2 use record
      A at 0 range 7 .. 7;
      B at 0 range 0 .. 6;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>The useful application here is to write the second declaration with the
<code>Bit_Order</code> attribute definition clause, and know that it will be treated
the same, regardless of whether the target is little-endian or big-endian.
</p>
</li><li> Components occupying an integral number of bytes.
These are components that exactly fit in two or more bytes.  Such component
declarations are allowed, but have no effect, since it is important to realize
that the <code>Bit_Order</code> specification does not affect the ordering of bytes.
In particular, the following attempt at getting an endian-independent integer
does not work:

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R2 is record
      A : Integer;
   end record;

   for R2'Bit_Order use High_Order_First;

   for R2 use record
      A at 0 range 0 .. 31;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>This declaration will result in a little-endian integer on a
little-endian machine, and a big-endian integer on a big-endian machine.
If byte flipping is required for interoperability between big- and
little-endian machines, this must be explicitly programmed.  This capability
is not provided by <code>Bit_Order</code>.
</p>
</li><li> Components that are positioned across byte boundaries
but do not occupy an integral number of bytes.  Given that bytes are not
reordered, such fields would occupy a non-contiguous sequence of bits
in memory, requiring non-trivial code to reassemble.  They are for this
reason not permitted, and any component clause specifying such a layout
will be flagged as illegal by GNAT.

</li></ul>

<p>Since the misconception that Bit_Order automatically deals with all
endian-related incompatibilities is a common one, the specification of
a component field that is an integral number of bytes will always
generate a warning.  This warning may be suppressed using <code>pragma
Warnings (Off)</code> if desired.  The following section contains additional
details regarding the issue of byte ordering.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Pack for Arrays</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bit_Order Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.9 Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</h3>
<a name="index-byte-ordering"></a>
<a name="index-ordering_002c-of-bytes"></a>

<p>In this section we will review the effect of the <code>Bit_Order</code> attribute
definition clause on byte ordering.  Briefly, it has no effect at all, but
a detailed example will be helpful.  Before giving this
example, let us review the precise
definition of the effect of defining <code>Bit_Order</code>.  The effect of a
non-standard bit order is described in section 15.5.3 of the Ada
Reference Manual:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>2   A bit ordering is a method of interpreting the meaning of
the storage place attributes.
</p></blockquote>

<p>To understand the precise definition of storage place attributes in
this context, we visit section 13.5.1 of the manual:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>13   A record_representation_clause (without the mod_clause)
specifies the layout.  The storage place attributes (see 13.5.2)
are taken from the values of the position, first_bit, and last_bit
expressions after normalizing those values so that first_bit is
less than Storage_Unit.
</p></blockquote>

<p>The critical point here is that storage places are taken from
the values after normalization, not before.  So the <code>Bit_Order</code>
interpretation applies to normalized values.  The interpretation
is described in the later part of the 15.5.3 paragraph:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>2   A bit ordering is a method of interpreting the meaning of
the storage place attributes.  High_Order_First (known in the
vernacular as &ldquo;big endian&rdquo;) means that the first bit of a
storage element (bit 0) is the most significant bit (interpreting
the sequence of bits that represent a component as an unsigned
integer value).  Low_Order_First (known in the vernacular as
&ldquo;little endian&rdquo;) means the opposite: the first bit is the
least significant.
</p></blockquote>

<p>Note that the numbering is with respect to the bits of a storage
unit.  In other words, the specification affects only the numbering
of bits within a single storage unit.
</p>
<p>We can make the effect clearer by giving an example.
</p>
<p>Suppose that we have an external device which presents two bytes, the first
byte presented, which is the first (low addressed byte) of the two byte
record is called Master, and the second byte is called Slave.
</p>
<p>The left most (most significant bit is called Control for each byte, and
the remaining 7 bits are called V1, V2, &hellip; V7, where V7 is the rightmost
(least significant) bit.
</p>
<p>On a big-endian machine, we can write the following representation clause
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Data is record
      Master_Control : Bit;
      Master_V1      : Bit;
      Master_V2      : Bit;
      Master_V3      : Bit;
      Master_V4      : Bit;
      Master_V5      : Bit;
      Master_V6      : Bit;
      Master_V7      : Bit;
      Slave_Control  : Bit;
      Slave_V1       : Bit;
      Slave_V2       : Bit;
      Slave_V3       : Bit;
      Slave_V4       : Bit;
      Slave_V5       : Bit;
      Slave_V6       : Bit;
      Slave_V7       : Bit;
   end record;

   for Data use record
      Master_Control at 0 range 0 .. 0;
      Master_V1      at 0 range 1 .. 1;
      Master_V2      at 0 range 2 .. 2;
      Master_V3      at 0 range 3 .. 3;
      Master_V4      at 0 range 4 .. 4;
      Master_V5      at 0 range 5 .. 5;
      Master_V6      at 0 range 6 .. 6;
      Master_V7      at 0 range 7 .. 7;
      Slave_Control  at 1 range 0 .. 0;
      Slave_V1       at 1 range 1 .. 1;
      Slave_V2       at 1 range 2 .. 2;
      Slave_V3       at 1 range 3 .. 3;
      Slave_V4       at 1 range 4 .. 4;
      Slave_V5       at 1 range 5 .. 5;
      Slave_V6       at 1 range 6 .. 6;
      Slave_V7       at 1 range 7 .. 7;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>Now if we move this to a little endian machine, then the bit ordering within
the byte is backwards, so we have to rewrite the record rep clause as:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   for Data use record
      Master_Control at 0 range 7 .. 7;
      Master_V1      at 0 range 6 .. 6;
      Master_V2      at 0 range 5 .. 5;
      Master_V3      at 0 range 4 .. 4;
      Master_V4      at 0 range 3 .. 3;
      Master_V5      at 0 range 2 .. 2;
      Master_V6      at 0 range 1 .. 1;
      Master_V7      at 0 range 0 .. 0;
      Slave_Control  at 1 range 7 .. 7;
      Slave_V1       at 1 range 6 .. 6;
      Slave_V2       at 1 range 5 .. 5;
      Slave_V3       at 1 range 4 .. 4;
      Slave_V4       at 1 range 3 .. 3;
      Slave_V5       at 1 range 2 .. 2;
      Slave_V6       at 1 range 1 .. 1;
      Slave_V7       at 1 range 0 .. 0;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>It is a nuisance to have to rewrite the clause, especially if
the code has to be maintained on both machines.  However,
this is a case that we can handle with the
<code>Bit_Order</code> attribute if it is implemented.
Note that the implementation is not required on byte addressed
machines, but it is indeed implemented in GNAT.
This means that we can simply use the
first record clause, together with the declaration
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   for Data'Bit_Order use High_Order_First;
</pre></div>

<p>and the effect is what is desired, namely the layout is exactly the same,
independent of whether the code is compiled on a big-endian or little-endian
machine.
</p>
<p>The important point to understand is that byte ordering is not affected.
A <code>Bit_Order</code> attribute definition never affects which byte a field
ends up in, only where it ends up in that byte.
To make this clear, let us rewrite the record rep clause of the previous
example as:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   for Data'Bit_Order use High_Order_First;
   for Data use record
      Master_Control at 0 range  0 .. 0;
      Master_V1      at 0 range  1 .. 1;
      Master_V2      at 0 range  2 .. 2;
      Master_V3      at 0 range  3 .. 3;
      Master_V4      at 0 range  4 .. 4;
      Master_V5      at 0 range  5 .. 5;
      Master_V6      at 0 range  6 .. 6;
      Master_V7      at 0 range  7 .. 7;
      Slave_Control  at 0 range  8 .. 8;
      Slave_V1       at 0 range  9 .. 9;
      Slave_V2       at 0 range 10 .. 10;
      Slave_V3       at 0 range 11 .. 11;
      Slave_V4       at 0 range 12 .. 12;
      Slave_V5       at 0 range 13 .. 13;
      Slave_V6       at 0 range 14 .. 14;
      Slave_V7       at 0 range 15 .. 15;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>This is exactly equivalent to saying (a repeat of the first example):
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   for Data'Bit_Order use High_Order_First;
   for Data use record
      Master_Control at 0 range 0 .. 0;
      Master_V1      at 0 range 1 .. 1;
      Master_V2      at 0 range 2 .. 2;
      Master_V3      at 0 range 3 .. 3;
      Master_V4      at 0 range 4 .. 4;
      Master_V5      at 0 range 5 .. 5;
      Master_V6      at 0 range 6 .. 6;
      Master_V7      at 0 range 7 .. 7;
      Slave_Control  at 1 range 0 .. 0;
      Slave_V1       at 1 range 1 .. 1;
      Slave_V2       at 1 range 2 .. 2;
      Slave_V3       at 1 range 3 .. 3;
      Slave_V4       at 1 range 4 .. 4;
      Slave_V5       at 1 range 5 .. 5;
      Slave_V6       at 1 range 6 .. 6;
      Slave_V7       at 1 range 7 .. 7;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>Why are they equivalent? Well take a specific field, the <code>Slave_V2</code>
field.  The storage place attributes are obtained by normalizing the
values given so that the <code>First_Bit</code> value is less than 8.  After
normalizing the values (0,10,10) we get (1,2,2) which is exactly what
we specified in the other case.
</p>
<p>Now one might expect that the <code>Bit_Order</code> attribute might affect
bit numbering within the entire record component (two bytes in this
case, thus affecting which byte fields end up in), but that is not
the way this feature is defined, it only affects numbering of bits,
not which byte they end up in.
</p>
<p>Consequently it never makes sense to specify a starting bit number
greater than 7 (for a byte addressable field) if an attribute
definition for <code>Bit_Order</code> has been given, and indeed it
may be actively confusing to specify such a value, so the compiler
generates a warning for such usage.
</p>
<p>If you do need to control byte ordering then appropriate conditional
values must be used.  If in our example, the slave byte came first on
some machines we might write:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   Master_Byte_First constant Boolean := &hellip;;

   Master_Byte : constant Natural :=
                   1 - Boolean'Pos (Master_Byte_First);
   Slave_Byte  : constant Natural :=
                   Boolean'Pos (Master_Byte_First);

   for Data'Bit_Order use High_Order_First;
   for Data use record
      Master_Control at Master_Byte range 0 .. 0;
      Master_V1      at Master_Byte range 1 .. 1;
      Master_V2      at Master_Byte range 2 .. 2;
      Master_V3      at Master_Byte range 3 .. 3;
      Master_V4      at Master_Byte range 4 .. 4;
      Master_V5      at Master_Byte range 5 .. 5;
      Master_V6      at Master_Byte range 6 .. 6;
      Master_V7      at Master_Byte range 7 .. 7;
      Slave_Control  at Slave_Byte  range 0 .. 0;
      Slave_V1       at Slave_Byte  range 1 .. 1;
      Slave_V2       at Slave_Byte  range 2 .. 2;
      Slave_V3       at Slave_Byte  range 3 .. 3;
      Slave_V4       at Slave_Byte  range 4 .. 4;
      Slave_V5       at Slave_Byte  range 5 .. 5;
      Slave_V6       at Slave_Byte  range 6 .. 6;
      Slave_V7       at Slave_Byte  range 7 .. 7;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>Now to switch between machines, all that is necessary is
to set the boolean constant <code>Master_Byte_First</code> in
an appropriate manner.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Records" accesskey="n" rel="next">Pragma Pack for Records</a>, Previous: <a href="#Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.10 Pragma Pack for Arrays</h3>
<a name="index-Pragma-Pack-_0028for-arrays_0029"></a>

<p>Pragma <code>Pack</code> applied to an array has no effect unless the component type
is packable.  For a component type to be packable, it must be one of the
following cases:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Any scalar type
</li><li> Any type whose size is specified with a size clause
</li><li> Any packed array type with a static size
</li><li> Any record type padded because of its default alignment
</li></ul>

<p>For all these cases, if the component subtype size is in the range
1 through 63, then the effect of the pragma <code>Pack</code> is exactly as though a
component size were specified giving the component subtype size.
For example if we have:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type r is range 0 .. 17;

   type ar is array (1 .. 8) of r;
   pragma Pack (ar);
</pre></div>

<p>Then the component size of <code>ar</code> will be set to 5 (i.e. to <code>r'size</code>,
and the size of the array <code>ar</code> will be exactly 40 bits.
</p>
<p>Note that in some cases this rather fierce approach to packing can produce
unexpected effects.  For example, in Ada 95 and Ada 2005,
subtype <code>Natural</code> typically has a size of 31, meaning that if you
pack an array of <code>Natural</code>, you get 31-bit
close packing, which saves a few bits, but results in far less efficient
access.  Since many other Ada compilers will ignore such a packing request,
GNAT will generate a warning on some uses of pragma <code>Pack</code> that it guesses
might not be what is intended.  You can easily remove this warning by
using an explicit <code>Component_Size</code> setting instead, which never generates
a warning, since the intention of the programmer is clear in this case.
</p>
<p>GNAT treats packed arrays in one of two ways.  If the size of the array is
known at compile time and is less than 64 bits, then internally the array
is represented as a single modular type, of exactly the appropriate number
of bits.  If the length is greater than 63 bits, or is not known at compile
time, then the packed array is represented as an array of bytes, and the
length is always a multiple of 8 bits.
</p>
<p>Note that to represent a packed array as a modular type, the alignment must
be suitable for the modular type involved. For example, on typical machines
a 32-bit packed array will be represented by a 32-bit modular integer with
an alignment of four bytes. If you explicitly override the default alignment
with an alignment clause that is too small, the modular representation
cannot be used. For example, consider the following set of declarations:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is range 1 .. 3;
   type S is array (1 .. 31) of R;
   for S'Component_Size use 2;
   for S'Size use 62;
   for S'Alignment use 1;
</pre></div>

<p>If the alignment clause were not present, then a 62-bit modular
representation would be chosen (typically with an alignment of 4 or 8
bytes depending on the target). But the default alignment is overridden
with the explicit alignment clause. This means that the modular
representation cannot be used, and instead the array of bytes
representation must be used, meaning that the length must be a multiple
of 8. Thus the above set of declarations will result in a diagnostic
rejecting the size clause and noting that the minimum size allowed is 64.
</p>
<a name="index-Pragma-Pack-_0028for-type-Natural_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Pragma-Pack-warning"></a>

<p>One special case that is worth noting occurs when the base type of the
component size is 8/16/32 and the subtype is one bit less. Notably this
occurs with subtype <code>Natural</code>. Consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Arr is array (1 .. 32) of Natural;
   pragma Pack (Arr);
</pre></div>

<p>In all commonly used Ada 83 compilers, this pragma Pack would be ignored,
since typically <code>Natural'Size</code> is 32 in Ada 83, and in any case most
Ada 83 compilers did not attempt 31 bit packing.
</p>
<p>In Ada 95 and Ada 2005, <code>Natural'Size</code> is required to be 31. Furthermore,
GNAT really does pack 31-bit subtype to 31 bits. This may result in a
substantial unintended performance penalty when porting legacy Ada 83 code.
To help prevent this, GNAT generates a warning in such cases. If you really
want 31 bit packing in a case like this, you can set the component size
explicitly:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Arr is array (1 .. 32) of Natural;
   for Arr'Component_Size use 31;
</pre></div>

<p>Here 31-bit packing is achieved as required, and no warning is generated,
since in this case the programmer intention is clear.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Pragma-Pack-for-Records"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Record-Representation-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Record Representation Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Pack for Arrays</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Pragma-Pack-for-Records-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.11 Pragma Pack for Records</h3>
<a name="index-Pragma-Pack-_0028for-records_0029"></a>

<p>Pragma <code>Pack</code> applied to a record will pack the components to reduce
wasted space from alignment gaps and by reducing the amount of space
taken by components.  We distinguish between <em>packable</em> components and
<em>non-packable</em> components.
Components of the following types are considered packable:
</p><ul>
<li> All primitive types are packable.

</li><li> Small packed arrays, whose size does not exceed 64 bits, and where the
size is statically known at compile time, are represented internally
as modular integers, and so they are also packable.

</li></ul>

<p>All packable components occupy the exact number of bits corresponding to
their <code>Size</code> value, and are packed with no padding bits, i.e. they
can start on an arbitrary bit boundary.
</p>
<p>All other types are non-packable, they occupy an integral number of
storage units, and
are placed at a boundary corresponding to their alignment requirements.
</p>
<p>For example, consider the record
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Rb1 is array (1 .. 13) of Boolean;
   pragma Pack (rb1);

   type Rb2 is array (1 .. 65) of Boolean;
   pragma Pack (rb2);

   type x2 is record
      l1 : Boolean;
      l2 : Duration;
      l3 : Float;
      l4 : Boolean;
      l5 : Rb1;
      l6 : Rb2;
   end record;
   pragma Pack (x2);
</pre></div>

<p>The representation for the record x2 is as follows:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">for x2'Size use 224;
for x2 use record
   l1 at  0 range  0 .. 0;
   l2 at  0 range  1 .. 64;
   l3 at 12 range  0 .. 31;
   l4 at 16 range  0 .. 0;
   l5 at 16 range  1 .. 13;
   l6 at 18 range  0 .. 71;
end record;
</pre></div>

<p>Studying this example, we see that the packable fields <code>l1</code>
and <code>l2</code> are
of length equal to their sizes, and placed at specific bit boundaries (and
not byte boundaries) to
eliminate padding.  But <code>l3</code> is of a non-packable float type, so
it is on the next appropriate alignment boundary.
</p>
<p>The next two fields are fully packable, so <code>l4</code> and <code>l5</code> are
minimally packed with no gaps.  However, type <code>Rb2</code> is a packed
array that is longer than 64 bits, so it is itself non-packable.  Thus
the <code>l6</code> field is aligned to the next byte boundary, and takes an
integral number of bytes, i.e. 72 bits.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Record-Representation-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Enumeration-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Enumeration Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Records" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pragma Pack for Records</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Record-Representation-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.12 Record Representation Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Record-Representation-Clause"></a>

<p>Record representation clauses may be given for all record types, including
types obtained by record extension.  Component clauses are allowed for any
static component.  The restrictions on component clauses depend on the type
of the component.
</p>
<a name="index-Component-Clause"></a>
<p>For all components of an elementary type, the only restriction on component
clauses is that the size must be at least the &rsquo;Size value of the type
(actually the Value_Size).  There are no restrictions due to alignment,
and such components may freely cross storage boundaries.
</p>
<p>Packed arrays with a size up to and including 64 bits are represented
internally using a modular type with the appropriate number of bits, and
thus the same lack of restriction applies.  For example, if you declare:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is array (1 .. 49) of Boolean;
   pragma Pack (R);
   for R'Size use 49;
</pre></div>

<p>then a component clause for a component of type R may start on any
specified bit boundary, and may specify a value of 49 bits or greater.
</p>
<p>For packed bit arrays that are longer than 64 bits, there are two
cases. If the component size is a power of 2 (1,2,4,8,16,32 bits),
including the important case of single bits or boolean values, then
there are no limitations on placement of such components, and they
may start and end at arbitrary bit boundaries.
</p>
<p>If the component size is not a power of 2 (e.g. 3 or 5), then
an array of this type longer than 64 bits must always be placed on
on a storage unit (byte) boundary and occupy an integral number
of storage units (bytes). Any component clause that does not
meet this requirement will be rejected.
</p>
<p>Any aliased component, or component of an aliased type, must
have its normal alignment and size. A component clause that
does not meet this requirement will be rejected.
</p>
<p>The tag field of a tagged type always occupies an address sized field at
the start of the record.  No component clause may attempt to overlay this
tag. When a tagged type appears as a component, the tag field must have
proper alignment
</p>
<p>In the case of a record extension T1, of a type T, no component clause applied
to the type T1 can specify a storage location that would overlap the first
T&rsquo;Size bytes of the record.
</p>
<p>For all other component types, including non-bit-packed arrays,
the component can be placed at an arbitrary bit boundary,
so for example, the following is permitted:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type R is array (1 .. 10) of Boolean;
   for R'Size use 80;

   type Q is record
      G, H : Boolean;
      L, M : R;
   end record;

   for Q use record
      G at 0 range  0 ..   0;
      H at 0 range  1 ..   1;
      L at 0 range  2 ..  81;
      R at 0 range 82 .. 161;
   end record;
</pre></div>

<p>Note: the above rules apply to recent releases of GNAT 5.
In GNAT 3, there are more severe restrictions on larger components.
For non-primitive types, including packed arrays with a size greater than
64 bits, component clauses must respect the alignment requirement of the
type, in particular, always starting on a byte boundary, and the length
must be a multiple of the storage unit.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Enumeration-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Address-Clauses" accesskey="n" rel="next">Address Clauses</a>, Previous: <a href="#Record-Representation-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Record Representation Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Enumeration-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.13 Enumeration Clauses</h3>

<p>The only restriction on enumeration clauses is that the range of values
must be representable.  For the signed case, if one or more of the
representation values are negative, all values must be in the range:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   System.Min_Int .. System.Max_Int
</pre></div>

<p>For the unsigned case, where all values are nonnegative, the values must
be in the range:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   0 .. System.Max_Binary_Modulus;
</pre></div>

<p>A <em>confirming</em> representation clause is one in which the values range
from 0 in sequence, i.e. a clause that confirms the default representation
for an enumeration type.
Such a confirming representation
is permitted by these rules, and is specially recognized by the compiler so
that no extra overhead results from the use of such a clause.
</p>
<p>If an array has an index type which is an enumeration type to which an
enumeration clause has been applied, then the array is stored in a compact
manner.  Consider the declarations:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type r is (A, B, C);
   for r use (A =&gt; 1, B =&gt; 5, C =&gt; 10);
   type t is array (r) of Character;
</pre></div>

<p>The array type t corresponds to a vector with exactly three elements and
has a default size equal to <code>3*Character'Size</code>.  This ensures efficient
use of space, but means that accesses to elements of the array will incur
the overhead of converting representation values to the corresponding
positional values, (i.e. the value delivered by the <code>Pos</code> attribute).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Address-Clauses"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Effect of Convention on Representation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Enumeration-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Enumeration Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Address-Clauses-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.14 Address Clauses</h3>
<a name="index-Address-Clause"></a>

<p>The reference manual allows a general restriction on representation clauses,
as found in RM 13.1(22):
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>An implementation need not support representation
items containing nonstatic expressions, except that
an implementation should support a representation item
for a given entity if each nonstatic expression in the
representation item is a name that statically denotes
a constant declared before the entity.
</p></blockquote>

<p>In practice this is applicable only to address clauses, since this is the
only case in which a non-static expression is permitted by the syntax.  As
the AARM notes in sections 13.1 (22.a-22.h):
</p>
<div class="display">
<pre class="display">  22.a   Reason: This is to avoid the following sort of thing:

  22.b        X : Integer := F(&hellip;);
              Y : Address := G(&hellip;);
              for X&rsquo;Address use Y;

  22.c   In the above, we have to evaluate the
         initialization expression for X before we
         know where to put the result.  This seems
         like an unreasonable implementation burden.

  22.d   The above code should instead be written
         like this:

  22.e        Y : constant Address := G(&hellip;);
              X : Integer := F(&hellip;);
              for X&rsquo;Address use Y;

  22.f   This allows the expression &ldquo;Y&rdquo; to be safely
         evaluated before X is created.

  22.g   The constant could be a formal parameter of mode in.

  22.h   An implementation can support other nonstatic
         expressions if it wants to.  Expressions of type
         Address are hardly ever static, but their value
         might be known at compile time anyway in many
         cases.
</pre></div>

<p>GNAT does indeed permit many additional cases of non-static expressions.  In
particular, if the type involved is elementary there are no restrictions
(since in this case, holding a temporary copy of the initialization value,
if one is present, is inexpensive).  In addition, if there is no implicit or
explicit initialization, then there are no restrictions.  GNAT will reject
only the case where all three of these conditions hold:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The type of the item is non-elementary (e.g. a record or array).

</li><li> There is explicit or implicit initialization required for the object.
Note that access values are always implicitly initialized.

</li><li> The address value is non-static.  Here GNAT is more permissive than the
RM, and allows the address value to be the address of a previously declared
stand-alone variable, as long as it does not itself have an address clause.

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">           Anchor  : Some_Initialized_Type;
           Overlay : Some_Initialized_Type;
           for Overlay'Address use Anchor'Address;
</pre></div>

<p>However, the prefix of the address clause cannot be an array component, or
a component of a discriminated record.
</p>
</li></ul>

<p>As noted above in section 22.h, address values are typically non-static.  In
particular the To_Address function, even if applied to a literal value, is
a non-static function call.  To avoid this minor annoyance, GNAT provides
the implementation defined attribute &rsquo;To_Address.  The following two
expressions have identical values:
</p>
<a name="index-Attribute"></a>
<a name="index-To_005fAddress-1"></a>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   To_Address (16#1234_0000#)
   System'To_Address (16#1234_0000#);
</pre></div>

<p>except that the second form is considered to be a static expression, and
thus when used as an address clause value is always permitted.
</p>
<p>Additionally, GNAT treats as static an address clause that is an
unchecked_conversion of a static integer value.  This simplifies the porting
of legacy code, and provides a portable equivalent to the GNAT attribute
<code>To_Address</code>.
</p>
<p>Another issue with address clauses is the interaction with alignment
requirements.  When an address clause is given for an object, the address
value must be consistent with the alignment of the object (which is usually
the same as the alignment of the type of the object).  If an address clause
is given that specifies an inappropriately aligned address value, then the
program execution is erroneous.
</p>
<p>Since this source of erroneous behavior can have unfortunate effects, GNAT
checks (at compile time if possible, generating a warning, or at execution
time with a run-time check) that the alignment is appropriate.  If the
run-time check fails, then <code>Program_Error</code> is raised.  This run-time
check is suppressed if range checks are suppressed, or if the special GNAT
check Alignment_Check is suppressed, or if
<code>pragma Restrictions (No_Elaboration_Code)</code> is in effect.
</p>
<p>Finally, GNAT does not permit overlaying of objects of controlled types or
composite types containing a controlled component. In most cases, the compiler
can detect an attempt at such overlays and will generate a warning at compile
time and a Program_Error exception at run time.
</p>
<a name="index-Export-1"></a>
<p>An address clause cannot be given for an exported object.  More
understandably the real restriction is that objects with an address
clause cannot be exported.  This is because such variables are not
defined by the Ada program, so there is no external object to export.
</p>
<a name="index-Import"></a>
<p>It is permissible to give an address clause and a pragma Import for the
same object.  In this case, the variable is not really defined by the
Ada program, so there is no external symbol to be linked.  The link name
and the external name are ignored in this case.  The reason that we allow this
combination is that it provides a useful idiom to avoid unwanted
initializations on objects with address clauses.
</p>
<p>When an address clause is given for an object that has implicit or
explicit initialization, then by default initialization takes place.  This
means that the effect of the object declaration is to overwrite the
memory at the specified address.  This is almost always not what the
programmer wants, so GNAT will output a warning:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  with System;
  package G is
     type R is record
        M : Integer := 0;
     end record;

     Ext : R;
     for Ext'Address use System'To_Address (16#1234_1234#);
         |
  &gt;&gt;&gt; warning: implicit initialization of &quot;Ext&quot; may
      modify overlaid storage
  &gt;&gt;&gt; warning: use pragma Import for &quot;Ext&quot; to suppress
      initialization (RM B(24))

  end G;
</pre></div>

<p>As indicated by the warning message, the solution is to use a (dummy) pragma
Import to suppress this initialization.  The pragma tell the compiler that the
object is declared and initialized elsewhere.  The following package compiles
without warnings (and the initialization is suppressed):
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   with System;
   package G is
      type R is record
         M : Integer := 0;
      end record;

      Ext : R;
      for Ext'Address use System'To_Address (16#1234_1234#);
      pragma Import (Ada, Ext);
   end G;
</pre></div>

<p>A final issue with address clauses involves their use for overlaying
variables, as in the following example:
<a name="index-Overlaying-of-objects"></a>
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  A : Integer;
  B : Integer;
  for B'Address use A'Address;
</pre></div>

<p>or alternatively, using the form recommended by the RM:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  A    : Integer;
  Addr : constant Address := A'Address;
  B    : Integer;
  for B'Address use Addr;
</pre></div>

<p>In both of these cases, <code>A</code>
and <code>B</code> become aliased to one another via the
address clause. This use of address clauses to overlay
variables, achieving an effect similar to unchecked
conversion was erroneous in Ada 83, but in Ada 95 and Ada 2005
the effect is implementation defined. Furthermore, the
Ada RM specifically recommends that in a situation
like this, <code>B</code> should be subject to the following
implementation advice (RM 13.3(19)):
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>19  If the Address of an object is specified, or it is imported
    or exported, then the implementation should not perform
    optimizations based on assumptions of no aliases.
</p></blockquote>

<p>GNAT follows this recommendation, and goes further by also applying
this recommendation to the overlaid variable (<code>A</code>
in the above example) in this case. This means that the overlay
works &quot;as expected&quot;, in that a modification to one of the variables
will affect the value of the other.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#Address-Clauses" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Address Clauses</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.15 Effect of Convention on Representation</h3>
<a name="index-Convention_002c-effect-on-representation"></a>

<p>Normally the specification of a foreign language convention for a type or
an object has no effect on the chosen representation.  In particular, the
representation chosen for data in GNAT generally meets the standard system
conventions, and for example records are laid out in a manner that is
consistent with C.  This means that specifying convention C (for example)
has no effect.
</p>
<p>There are four exceptions to this general rule:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Convention Fortran and array subtypes
If pragma Convention Fortran is specified for an array subtype, then in
accordance with the implementation advice in section 3.6.2(11) of the
Ada Reference Manual, the array will be stored in a Fortran-compatible
column-major manner, instead of the normal default row-major order.

</li><li> Convention C and enumeration types
GNAT normally stores enumeration types in 8, 16, or 32 bits as required
to accommodate all values of the type.  For example, for the enumeration
type declared by:

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type Color is (Red, Green, Blue);
</pre></div>

<p>8 bits is sufficient to store all values of the type, so by default, objects
of type <code>Color</code> will be represented using 8 bits.  However, normal C
convention is to use 32 bits for all enum values in C, since enum values
are essentially of type int.  If pragma <code>Convention C</code> is specified for an
Ada enumeration type, then the size is modified as necessary (usually to
32 bits) to be consistent with the C convention for enum values.
</p>
<p>Note that this treatment applies only to types. If Convention C is given for
an enumeration object, where the enumeration type is not Convention C, then
Object_Size bits are allocated. For example, for a normal enumeration type,
with less than 256 elements, only 8 bits will be allocated for the object.
Since this may be a surprise in terms of what C expects, GNAT will issue a
warning in this situation. The warning can be suppressed by giving an explicit
size clause specifying the desired size.
</p>
</li><li> Convention C/Fortran and Boolean types
In C, the usual convention for boolean values, that is values used for
conditions, is that zero represents false, and nonzero values represent
true.  In Ada, the normal convention is that two specific values, typically
0/1, are used to represent false/true respectively.

<p>Fortran has a similar convention for <code>LOGICAL</code> values (any nonzero
value represents true).
</p>
<p>To accommodate the Fortran and C conventions, if a pragma Convention specifies
C or Fortran convention for a derived Boolean, as in the following example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   type C_Switch is new Boolean;
   pragma Convention (C, C_Switch);
</pre></div>

<p>then the GNAT generated code will treat any nonzero value as true.  For truth
values generated by GNAT, the conventional value 1 will be used for True, but
when one of these values is read, any nonzero value is treated as True.
</p>
</li><li> Access types on OpenVMS
For 64-bit OpenVMS systems, access types (other than those for unconstrained
arrays) are 64-bits long. An exception to this rule is for the case of
C-convention access types where there is no explicit size clause present (or
inherited for derived types). In this case, GNAT chooses to make these
pointers 32-bits, which provides an easier path for migration of 32-bit legacy
code. size clause specifying 64-bits must be used to obtain a 64-bit pointer.

</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Effect of Convention on Representation</a>, Up: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.16 Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT</h3>
<a name="index-Representation_002c-determination-of"></a>
<a name="index-_002dgnatR-switch"></a>

<p>Although the descriptions in this section are intended to be complete, it is
often easier to simply experiment to see what GNAT accepts and what the
effect is on the layout of types and objects.
</p>
<p>As required by the Ada RM, if a representation clause is not accepted, then
it must be rejected as illegal by the compiler.  However, when a
representation clause or pragma is accepted, there can still be questions
of what the compiler actually does.  For example, if a partial record
representation clause specifies the location of some components and not
others, then where are the non-specified components placed? Or if pragma
<code>Pack</code> is used on a record, then exactly where are the resulting
fields placed? The section on pragma <code>Pack</code> in this chapter can be
used to answer the second question, but it is often easier to just see
what the compiler does.
</p>
<p>For this purpose, GNAT provides the option <samp>-gnatR</samp>.  If you compile
with this option, then the compiler will output information on the actual
representations chosen, in a format similar to source representation
clauses.  For example, if we compile the package:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package q is
   type r (x : boolean) is tagged record
      case x is
         when True =&gt; S : String (1 .. 100);
         when False =&gt; null;
      end case;
   end record;

   type r2 is new r (false) with record
      y2 : integer;
   end record;

   for r2 use record
      y2 at 16 range 0 .. 31;
   end record;

   type x is record
      y : character;
   end record;

   type x1 is array (1 .. 10) of x;
   for x1'component_size use 11;

   type ia is access integer;

   type Rb1 is array (1 .. 13) of Boolean;
   pragma Pack (rb1);

   type Rb2 is array (1 .. 65) of Boolean;
   pragma Pack (rb2);

   type x2 is record
      l1 : Boolean;
      l2 : Duration;
      l3 : Float;
      l4 : Boolean;
      l5 : Rb1;
      l6 : Rb2;
   end record;
   pragma Pack (x2);
end q;
</pre></div>

<p>using the switch <samp>-gnatR</samp> we obtain the following output:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Representation information for unit q
-------------------------------------

for r'Size use ??;
for r'Alignment use 4;
for r use record
   x    at 4 range  0 .. 7;
   _tag at 0 range  0 .. 31;
   s    at 5 range  0 .. 799;
end record;

for r2'Size use 160;
for r2'Alignment use 4;
for r2 use record
   x       at  4 range  0 .. 7;
   _tag    at  0 range  0 .. 31;
   _parent at  0 range  0 .. 63;
   y2      at 16 range  0 .. 31;
end record;

for x'Size use 8;
for x'Alignment use 1;
for x use record
   y at 0 range  0 .. 7;
end record;

for x1'Size use 112;
for x1'Alignment use 1;
for x1'Component_Size use 11;

for rb1'Size use 13;
for rb1'Alignment use 2;
for rb1'Component_Size use 1;

for rb2'Size use 72;
for rb2'Alignment use 1;
for rb2'Component_Size use 1;

for x2'Size use 224;
for x2'Alignment use 4;
for x2 use record
   l1 at  0 range  0 .. 0;
   l2 at  0 range  1 .. 64;
   l3 at 12 range  0 .. 31;
   l4 at 16 range  0 .. 0;
   l5 at 16 range  1 .. 13;
   l6 at 18 range  0 .. 71;
end record;
</pre></div>

<p>The Size values are actually the Object_Size, i.e. the default size that
will be allocated for objects of the type.
The ?? size for type r indicates that we have a variant record, and the
actual size of objects will depend on the discriminant value.
</p>
<p>The Alignment values show the actual alignment chosen by the compiler
for each record or array type.
</p>
<p>The record representation clause for type r shows where all fields
are placed, including the compiler generated tag field (whose location
cannot be controlled by the programmer).
</p>
<p>The record representation clause for the type extension r2 shows all the
fields present, including the parent field, which is a copy of the fields
of the parent type of r2, i.e. r1.
</p>
<p>The component size and size clauses for types rb1 and rb2 show
the exact effect of pragma <code>Pack</code> on these arrays, and the record
representation clause for type x2 shows how pragma <code>Pack</code> affects
this record type.
</p>
<p>In some cases, it may be useful to cut and paste the representation clauses
generated by the compiler into the original source to fix and guarantee
the actual representation to be used.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Standard-Library-Routines"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="n" rel="next">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a>, Previous: <a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Standard-Library-Routines-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">8 Standard Library Routines</h2>

<p>The Ada Reference Manual contains in Annex A a full description of an
extensive set of standard library routines that can be used in any Ada
program, and which must be provided by all Ada compilers.  They are
analogous to the standard C library used by C programs.
</p>
<p>GNAT implements all of the facilities described in annex A, and for most
purposes the description in the Ada Reference Manual, or appropriate Ada
text book, will be sufficient for making use of these facilities.
</p>
<p>In the case of the input-output facilities,
See <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a>,
gives details on exactly how GNAT interfaces to the
file system.  For the remaining packages, the Ada Reference Manual
should be sufficient.  The following is a list of the packages included,
together with a brief description of the functionality that is provided.
</p>
<p>For completeness, references are included to other predefined library
routines defined in other sections of the Ada Reference Manual (these are
cross-indexed from Annex A).
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Ada (A.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a parent package for all the standard library packages.  It is
usually included implicitly in your program, and itself contains no
useful data or routines.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Calendar (9.6)</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Calendar</code> provides time of day access, and routines for
manipulating times and durations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Characters (A.3.1)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a dummy parent package that contains no useful entities
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Characters.Handling (A.3.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides some basic character handling capabilities,
including classification functions for classes of characters (e.g. test
for letters, or digits).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Characters.Latin_1 (A.3.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package includes a complete set of definitions of the characters
that appear in type CHARACTER.  It is useful for writing programs that
will run in international environments.  For example, if you want an
upper case E with an acute accent in a string, it is often better to use
the definition of <code>UC_E_Acute</code> in this package.  Then your program
will print in an understandable manner even if your environment does not
support these extended characters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Command_Line (A.15)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides access to the command line parameters and the name
of the current program (analogous to the use of <code>argc</code> and <code>argv</code>
in C), and also allows the exit status for the program to be set in a
system-independent manner.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Decimal (F.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides constants describing the range of decimal numbers
implemented, and also a decimal divide routine (analogous to the COBOL
verb DIVIDE &hellip; GIVING &hellip; REMAINDER &hellip;)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Direct_IO (A.8.4)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides input-output using a model of a set of records of
fixed-length, containing an arbitrary definite Ada type, indexed by an
integer record number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Dynamic_Priorities (D.5)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package allows the priorities of a task to be adjusted dynamically
as the task is running.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Exceptions (11.4.1)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides additional information on exceptions, and also
contains facilities for treating exceptions as data objects, and raising
exceptions with associated messages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Finalization (7.6)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package contains the declarations and subprograms to support the
use of controlled types, providing for automatic initialization and
finalization (analogous to the constructors and destructors of C++)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Interrupts (C.3.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides facilities for interfacing to interrupts, which
includes the set of signals or conditions that can be raised and
recognized as interrupts.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Interrupts.Names (C.3.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides the set of interrupt names (actually signal
or condition names) that can be handled by GNAT.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.IO_Exceptions (A.13)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package defines the set of exceptions that can be raised by use of
the standard IO packages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package contains some standard constants and exceptions used
throughout the numerics packages.  Note that the constants pi and e are
defined here, and it is better to use these definitions than rolling
your own.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Complex_Elementary_Functions</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides the implementation of standard elementary functions (such as
log and trigonometric functions) operating on complex numbers using the
standard <code>Float</code> and the <code>Complex</code> and <code>Imaginary</code> types
created by the package <code>Numerics.Complex_Types</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Complex_Types</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a predefined instantiation of
<code>Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types</code> using <code>Standard.Float</code> to
build the type <code>Complex</code> and <code>Imaginary</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random</code></dt>
<dd><p>This generic package provides a random number generator suitable for generating
uniformly distributed values of a specified discrete subtype.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Float_Random</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides a random number generator suitable for generating
uniformly distributed floating point values in the unit interval.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Generic_Complex_Elementary_Functions</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a generic version of the package that provides the
implementation of standard elementary functions (such as log and
trigonometric functions) for an arbitrary complex type.
</p>
<p>The following predefined instantiations of this package are provided:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Short_Complex_Elementary_Functions</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Complex_Elementary_Functions</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Long_Complex_Elementary_Functions</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a generic package that allows the creation of complex types,
with associated complex arithmetic operations.
</p>
<p>The following predefined instantiations of this package exist
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Short_Complex_Complex_Types</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Complex_Complex_Types</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Long_Complex_Complex_Types</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Numerics.Generic_Elementary_Functions</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a generic package that provides the implementation of standard
elementary functions (such as log an trigonometric functions) for an
arbitrary float type.
</p>
<p>The following predefined instantiations of this package exist
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Short_Elementary_Functions</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Numerics.Long_Elementary_Functions</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Real_Time (D.8)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides facilities similar to those of <code>Calendar</code>, but
operating with a finer clock suitable for real time control. Note that
annex D requires that there be no backward clock jumps, and GNAT generally
guarantees this behavior, but of course if the external clock on which
the GNAT runtime depends is deliberately reset by some external event,
then such a backward jump may occur.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Sequential_IO (A.8.1)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides input-output facilities for sequential files,
which can contain a sequence of values of a single type, which can be
any Ada type, including indefinite (unconstrained) types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Storage_IO (A.9)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides a facility for mapping arbitrary Ada types to and
from a storage buffer.  It is primarily intended for the creation of new
IO packages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Streams (13.13.1)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a generic package that provides the basic support for the
concept of streams as used by the stream attributes (<code>Input</code>,
<code>Output</code>, <code>Read</code> and <code>Write</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Streams.Stream_IO (A.12.1)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is a specialization of the type <code>Streams</code> defined in
package <code>Streams</code> together with a set of operations providing
Stream_IO capability.  The Stream_IO model permits both random and
sequential access to a file which can contain an arbitrary set of values
of one or more Ada types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings (A.4.1)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides some basic constants used by the string handling
packages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Bounded (A.4.4)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides facilities for handling variable length
strings.  The bounded model requires a maximum length.  It is thus
somewhat more limited than the unbounded model, but avoids the use of
dynamic allocation or finalization.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Fixed (A.4.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides facilities for handling fixed length strings.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Maps (A.4.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides facilities for handling character mappings and
arbitrarily defined subsets of characters.  For instance it is useful in
defining specialized translation tables.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Maps.Constants (A.4.6)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides a standard set of predefined mappings and
predefined character sets.  For example, the standard upper to lower case
conversion table is found in this package.  Note that upper to lower case
conversion is non-trivial if you want to take the entire set of
characters, including extended characters like E with an acute accent,
into account.  You should use the mappings in this package (rather than
adding 32 yourself) to do case mappings.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Unbounded (A.4.5)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides facilities for handling variable length
strings.  The unbounded model allows arbitrary length strings, but
requires the use of dynamic allocation and finalization.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Bounded (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Fixed (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Maps (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Maps.Constants (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dd><p>These packages provide analogous capabilities to the corresponding
packages without &lsquo;<samp>Wide_</samp>&rsquo; in the name, but operate with the types
<code>Wide_String</code> and <code>Wide_Character</code> instead of <code>String</code>
and <code>Character</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Bounded (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Fixed (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Maps (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Maps.Constants (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dt><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded (A.4.7)</code></dt>
<dd><p>These packages provide analogous capabilities to the corresponding
packages without &lsquo;<samp>Wide_</samp>&rsquo; in the name, but operate with the types
<code>Wide_Wide_String</code> and <code>Wide_Wide_Character</code> instead
of <code>String</code> and <code>Character</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Synchronous_Task_Control (D.10)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides some standard facilities for controlling task
communication in a synchronous manner.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Tags</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package contains definitions for manipulation of the tags of tagged
values.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Task_Attributes</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides the capability of associating arbitrary
task-specific data with separate tasks.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides basic text input-output capabilities for
character, string and numeric data.  The subpackages of this
package are listed next.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Decimal_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for decimal fixed-point types
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Enumeration_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for enumeration types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Fixed_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for ordinary fixed-point types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Float_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for float types.  The following
predefined instantiations of this generic package are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Short_Float_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Float_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Long_Float_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for integer types.  The following
predefined instantiations of this generic package are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Short_Short_Integer_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Short_Integer_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Integer_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Long_Integer_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Long_Long_Integer_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Modular_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for modular (unsigned) types
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Complex_IO (G.1.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides basic text input-output capabilities for complex
data.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Editing (F.3.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package contains routines for edited output, analogous to the use
of pictures in COBOL.  The picture formats used by this package are a
close copy of the facility in COBOL.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Text_IO.Text_Streams (A.12.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package provides a facility that allows Text_IO files to be treated
as streams, so that the stream attributes can be used for writing
arbitrary data, including binary data, to Text_IO files.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Unchecked_Conversion (13.9)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This generic package allows arbitrary conversion from one type to
another of the same size, providing for breaking the type safety in
special circumstances.
</p>
<p>If the types have the same Size (more accurately the same Value_Size),
then the effect is simply to transfer the bits from the source to the
target type without any modification.  This usage is well defined, and
for simple types whose representation is typically the same across
all implementations, gives a portable method of performing such
conversions.
</p>
<p>If the types do not have the same size, then the result is implementation
defined, and thus may be non-portable.  The following describes how GNAT
handles such unchecked conversion cases.
</p>
<p>If the types are of different sizes, and are both discrete types, then
the effect is of a normal type conversion without any constraint checking.
In particular if the result type has a larger size, the result will be
zero or sign extended.  If the result type has a smaller size, the result
will be truncated by ignoring high order bits.
</p>
<p>If the types are of different sizes, and are not both discrete types,
then the conversion works as though pointers were created to the source
and target, and the pointer value is converted.  The effect is that bits
are copied from successive low order storage units and bits of the source
up to the length of the target type.
</p>
<p>A warning is issued if the lengths differ, since the effect in this
case is implementation dependent, and the above behavior may not match
that of some other compiler.
</p>
<p>A pointer to one type may be converted to a pointer to another type using
unchecked conversion.  The only case in which the effect is undefined is
when one or both pointers are pointers to unconstrained array types.  In
this case, the bounds information may get incorrectly transferred, and in
particular, GNAT uses double size pointers for such types, and it is
meaningless to convert between such pointer types.  GNAT will issue a
warning if the alignment of the target designated type is more strict
than the alignment of the source designated type (since the result may
be unaligned in this case).
</p>
<p>A pointer other than a pointer to an unconstrained array type may be
converted to and from System.Address.  Such usage is common in Ada 83
programs, but note that Ada.Address_To_Access_Conversions is the
preferred method of performing such conversions in Ada 95 and Ada 2005.
Neither
unchecked conversion nor Ada.Address_To_Access_Conversions should be
used in conjunction with pointers to unconstrained objects, since
the bounds information cannot be handled correctly in this case.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation (13.11.2)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This generic package allows explicit freeing of storage previously
allocated by use of an allocator.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO (A.11)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO</code>, except that the external
file supports wide character representations, and the internal types are
<code>Wide_Character</code> and <code>Wide_String</code> instead of <code>Character</code>
and <code>String</code>.  It contains generic subpackages listed next.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Decimal_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for decimal fixed-point types
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Enumeration_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for enumeration types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Fixed_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for ordinary fixed-point types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Float_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for float types.  The following
predefined instantiations of this generic package are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Short_Float_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Float_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Long_Float_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Integer_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for integer types.  The following
predefined instantiations of this generic package are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Short_Short_Integer_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Short_Integer_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Integer_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Long_Integer_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Long_Long_Integer_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Modular_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for modular (unsigned) types
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO (G.1.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO.Complex_IO</code>, except that the
external file supports wide character representations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Editing (F.3.4)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO.Editing</code>, except that the
types are <code>Wide_Character</code> and <code>Wide_String</code> instead of
<code>Character</code> and <code>String</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Streams (A.12.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO.Streams</code>, except that the
types are <code>Wide_Character</code> and <code>Wide_String</code> instead of
<code>Character</code> and <code>String</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (A.11)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO</code>, except that the external
file supports wide character representations, and the internal types are
<code>Wide_Character</code> and <code>Wide_String</code> instead of <code>Character</code>
and <code>String</code>.  It contains generic subpackages listed next.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Decimal_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for decimal fixed-point types
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Enumeration_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for enumeration types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Fixed_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for ordinary fixed-point types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Float_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for float types.  The following
predefined instantiations of this generic package are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Short_Float_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Float_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Long_Float_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Integer_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for integer types.  The following
predefined instantiations of this generic package are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Short_Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Short_Short_Integer_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Short_Integer_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Integer_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Long_Integer_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>Ada.Long_Long_Integer_Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Modular_IO</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provides input-output facilities for modular (unsigned) types
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO (G.1.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO.Complex_IO</code>, except that the
external file supports wide character representations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Editing (F.3.4)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO.Editing</code>, except that the
types are <code>Wide_Character</code> and <code>Wide_String</code> instead of
<code>Character</code> and <code>String</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Streams (A.12.3)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This package is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO.Streams</code>, except that the
types are <code>Wide_Character</code> and <code>Wide_String</code> instead of
<code>Character</code> and <code>String</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="n" rel="next">The GNAT Library</a>, Previous: <a href="#Standard-Library-Routines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Standard Library Routines</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">9 The Implementation of Standard I/O</h2>

<p>GNAT implements all the required input-output facilities described in
A.6 through A.14.  These sections of the Ada Reference Manual describe the
required behavior of these packages from the Ada point of view, and if
you are writing a portable Ada program that does not need to know the
exact manner in which Ada maps to the outside world when it comes to
reading or writing external files, then you do not need to read this
chapter.  As long as your files are all regular files (not pipes or
devices), and as long as you write and read the files only from Ada, the
description in the Ada Reference Manual is sufficient.
</p>
<p>However, if you want to do input-output to pipes or other devices, such
as the keyboard or screen, or if the files you are dealing with are
either generated by some other language, or to be read by some other
language, then you need to know more about the details of how the GNAT
implementation of these input-output facilities behaves.
</p>
<p>In this chapter we give a detailed description of exactly how GNAT
interfaces to the file system.  As always, the sources of the system are
available to you for answering questions at an even more detailed level,
but for most purposes the information in this chapter will suffice.
</p>
<p>Another reason that you may need to know more about how input-output is
implemented arises when you have a program written in mixed languages
where, for example, files are shared between the C and Ada sections of
the same program.  GNAT provides some additional facilities, in the form
of additional child library packages, that facilitate this sharing, and
these additional facilities are also described in this chapter.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Standard-I_002fO-Packages" accesskey="1">Standard I/O Packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FORM-Strings" accesskey="2">FORM Strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Direct_005fIO" accesskey="3">Direct_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Sequential_005fIO" accesskey="4">Sequential_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="5">Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="6">Wide_Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="7">Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Stream_005fIO" accesskey="8">Stream_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text-Translation" accesskey="9">Text Translation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Shared-Files">Shared Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Filenames-encoding">Filenames encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Open-Modes">Open Modes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Operations-on-C-Streams">Operations on C Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-C-Streams">Interfacing to C Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Standard-I_002fO-Packages"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FORM-Strings" accesskey="n" rel="next">FORM Strings</a>, Previous: <a href="#SPARK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SPARK</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Standard-I_002fO-Packages-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.1 Standard I/O Packages</h3>

<p>The Standard I/O packages described in Annex A for
</p>
<ul>
<li> Ada.Text_IO
</li><li> Ada.Text_IO.Complex_IO
</li><li> Ada.Text_IO.Text_Streams
</li><li> Ada.Wide_Text_IO
</li><li> Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO
</li><li> Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams
</li><li> Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO
</li><li> Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO
</li><li> Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams
</li><li> Ada.Stream_IO
</li><li> Ada.Sequential_IO
</li><li> Ada.Direct_IO
</li></ul>

<p>are implemented using the C
library streams facility; where
</p>
<ul>
<li> All files are opened using <code>fopen</code>.
</li><li> All input/output operations use <code>fread</code>/<code>fwrite</code>.
</li></ul>

<p>There is no internal buffering of any kind at the Ada library level. The only
buffering is that provided at the system level in the implementation of the
library routines that support streams. This facilitates shared use of these
streams by mixed language programs. Note though that system level buffering is
explicitly enabled at elaboration of the standard I/O packages and that can
have an impact on mixed language programs, in particular those using I/O before
calling the Ada elaboration routine (e.g. adainit). It is recommended to call
the Ada elaboration routine before performing any I/O or when impractical,
flush the common I/O streams and in particular Standard_Output before
elaborating the Ada code.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="FORM-Strings"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Direct_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">Direct_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#Standard-I_002fO-Packages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Standard I/O Packages</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FORM-Strings-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.2 FORM Strings</h3>

<p>The format of a FORM string in GNAT is:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">&quot;keyword=value,keyword=value,&hellip;,keyword=value&quot;
</pre></div>

<p>where letters may be in upper or lower case, and there are no spaces
between values.  The order of the entries is not important.  Currently
the following keywords defined.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">TEXT_TRANSLATION=[YES|NO]
SHARED=[YES|NO]
WCEM=[n|h|u|s|e|8|b]
ENCODING=[UTF8|8BITS]
</pre></div>

<p>The use of these parameters is described later in this section. If an
unrecognized keyword appears in a form string, it is silently ignored
and not considered invalid.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Direct_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Sequential_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sequential_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#FORM-Strings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FORM Strings</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Direct_005fIO-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.3 Direct_IO</h3>

<p>Direct_IO can only be instantiated for definite types.  This is a
restriction of the Ada language, which means that the records are fixed
length (the length being determined by <code><var>type</var>'Size</code>, rounded
up to the next storage unit boundary if necessary).
</p>
<p>The records of a Direct_IO file are simply written to the file in index
sequence, with the first record starting at offset zero, and subsequent
records following.  There is no control information of any kind.  For
example, if 32-bit integers are being written, each record takes
4-bytes, so the record at index <var>K</var> starts at offset
(<var>K</var>-1)*4.
</p>
<p>There is no limit on the size of Direct_IO files, they are expanded as
necessary to accommodate whatever records are written to the file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Sequential_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#Direct_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Direct_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Sequential_005fIO-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.4 Sequential_IO</h3>

<p>Sequential_IO may be instantiated with either a definite (constrained)
or indefinite (unconstrained) type.
</p>
<p>For the definite type case, the elements written to the file are simply
the memory images of the data values with no control information of any
kind.  The resulting file should be read using the same type, no validity
checking is performed on input.
</p>
<p>For the indefinite type case, the elements written consist of two
parts.  First is the size of the data item, written as the memory image
of a <code>Interfaces.C.size_t</code> value, followed by the memory image of
the data value.  The resulting file can only be read using the same
(unconstrained) type.  Normal assignment checks are performed on these
read operations, and if these checks fail, <code>Data_Error</code> is
raised.  In particular, in the array case, the lengths must match, and in
the variant record case, if the variable for a particular read operation
is constrained, the discriminants must match.
</p>
<p>Note that it is not possible to use Sequential_IO to write variable
length array items, and then read the data back into different length
arrays.  For example, the following will raise <code>Data_Error</code>:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> package IO is new Sequential_IO (String);
 F : IO.File_Type;
 S : String (1..4);
 &hellip;
 IO.Create (F)
 IO.Write (F, &quot;hello!&quot;)
 IO.Reset (F, Mode=&gt;In_File);
 IO.Read (F, S);
 Put_Line (S);

</pre></div>

<p>On some Ada implementations, this will print <code>hell</code>, but the program is
clearly incorrect, since there is only one element in the file, and that
element is the string <code>hello!</code>.
</p>
<p>In Ada 95 and Ada 2005, this kind of behavior can be legitimately achieved
using Stream_IO, and this is the preferred mechanism.  In particular, the
above program fragment rewritten to use Stream_IO will work correctly.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Text_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wide_Text_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#Sequential_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Sequential_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Text_005fIO-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.5 Text_IO</h3>

<p>Text_IO files consist of a stream of characters containing the following
special control characters:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">LF (line feed, 16#0A#) Line Mark
FF (form feed, 16#0C#) Page Mark
</pre></div>

<p>A canonical Text_IO file is defined as one in which the following
conditions are met:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The character <code>LF</code> is used only as a line mark, i.e. to mark the end
of the line.

</li><li> The character <code>FF</code> is used only as a page mark, i.e. to mark the
end of a page and consequently can appear only immediately following a
<code>LF</code> (line mark) character.

</li><li> The file ends with either <code>LF</code> (line mark) or <code>LF</code>-<code>FF</code>
(line mark, page mark).  In the former case, the page mark is implicitly
assumed to be present.
</li></ul>

<p>A file written using Text_IO will be in canonical form provided that no
explicit <code>LF</code> or <code>FF</code> characters are written using <code>Put</code>
or <code>Put_Line</code>.  There will be no <code>FF</code> character at the end of
the file unless an explicit <code>New_Page</code> operation was performed
before closing the file.
</p>
<p>A canonical Text_IO file that is a regular file (i.e., not a device or a
pipe) can be read using any of the routines in Text_IO.  The
semantics in this case will be exactly as defined in the Ada Reference
Manual, and all the routines in Text_IO are fully implemented.
</p>
<p>A text file that does not meet the requirements for a canonical Text_IO
file has one of the following:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The file contains <code>FF</code> characters not immediately following a
<code>LF</code> character.

</li><li> The file contains <code>LF</code> or <code>FF</code> characters written by
<code>Put</code> or <code>Put_Line</code>, which are not logically considered to be
line marks or page marks.

</li><li> The file ends in a character other than <code>LF</code> or <code>FF</code>,
i.e. there is no explicit line mark or page mark at the end of the file.
</li></ul>

<p>Text_IO can be used to read such non-standard text files but subprograms
to do with line or page numbers do not have defined meanings.  In
particular, a <code>FF</code> character that does not follow a <code>LF</code>
character may or may not be treated as a page mark from the point of
view of page and line numbering.  Every <code>LF</code> character is considered
to end a line, and there is an implied <code>LF</code> character at the end of
the file.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="1">Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="2">Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Get_005fImmediate" accesskey="3">Get_Immediate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams" accesskey="4">Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Extensions" accesskey="5">Text_IO Extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings" accesskey="6">Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Text_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Wch_Con (s-wchcon.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Stream-Pointer-Positioning"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.5.1 Stream Pointer Positioning</h4>

<p><code>Ada.Text_IO</code> has a definition of current position for a file that
is being read.  No internal buffering occurs in Text_IO, and usually the
physical position in the stream used to implement the file corresponds
to this logical position defined by Text_IO.  There are two exceptions:
</p>
<ul>
<li> After a call to <code>End_Of_Page</code> that returns <code>True</code>, the stream
is positioned past the <code>LF</code> (line mark) that precedes the page
mark.  Text_IO maintains an internal flag so that subsequent read
operations properly handle the logical position which is unchanged by
the <code>End_Of_Page</code> call.

</li><li> After a call to <code>End_Of_File</code> that returns <code>True</code>, if the
Text_IO file was positioned before the line mark at the end of file
before the call, then the logical position is unchanged, but the stream
is physically positioned right at the end of file (past the line mark,
and past a possible page mark following the line mark.  Again Text_IO
maintains internal flags so that subsequent read operations properly
handle the logical position.
</li></ul>

<p>These discrepancies have no effect on the observable behavior of
Text_IO, but if a single Ada stream is shared between a C program and
Ada program, or shared (using &lsquo;<samp>shared=yes</samp>&rsquo; in the form string)
between two Ada files, then the difference may be observable in some
situations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Text_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Get_005fImmediate" accesskey="n" rel="next">Get_Immediate</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>, Up: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.5.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</h4>

<p>A non-regular file is a device (such as a keyboard), or a pipe.  Text_IO
can be used for reading and writing.  Writing is not affected and the
sequence of characters output is identical to the normal file case, but
for reading, the behavior of Text_IO is modified to avoid undesirable
look-ahead as follows:
</p>
<p>An input file that is not a regular file is considered to have no page
marks.  Any <code>Ascii.FF</code> characters (the character normally used for a
page mark) appearing in the file are considered to be data
characters.  In particular:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>Get_Line</code> and <code>Skip_Line</code> do not test for a page mark
following a line mark.  If a page mark appears, it will be treated as a
data character.

</li><li> This avoids the need to wait for an extra character to be typed or
entered from the pipe to complete one of these operations.

</li><li> <code>End_Of_Page</code> always returns <code>False</code>

</li><li> <code>End_Of_File</code> will return <code>False</code> if there is a page mark at
the end of the file.
</li></ul>

<p>Output to non-regular files is the same as for regular files.  Page marks
may be written to non-regular files using <code>New_Page</code>, but as noted
above they will not be treated as page marks on input if the output is
piped to another Ada program.
</p>
<p>Another important discrepancy when reading non-regular files is that the end
of file indication is not &ldquo;sticky&rdquo;.  If an end of file is entered, e.g. by
pressing the <tt class="key">EOT</tt> key,
then end of file
is signaled once (i.e. the test <code>End_Of_File</code>
will yield <code>True</code>, or a read will
raise <code>End_Error</code>), but then reading can resume
to read data past that end of
file indication, until another end of file indication is entered.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Get_005fImmediate"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams" accesskey="n" rel="next">Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>, Up: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Get_005fImmediate-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.5.3 Get_Immediate</h4>
<a name="index-Get_005fImmediate"></a>

<p>Get_Immediate returns the next character (including control characters)
from the input file.  In particular, Get_Immediate will return LF or FF
characters used as line marks or page marks.  Such operations leave the
file positioned past the control character, and it is thus not treated
as having its normal function.  This means that page, line and column
counts after this kind of Get_Immediate call are set as though the mark
did not occur.  In the case where a Get_Immediate leaves the file
positioned between the line mark and page mark (which is not normally
possible), it is undefined whether the FF character will be treated as a
page mark.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Extensions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text_IO Extensions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Get_005fImmediate" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Get_Immediate</a>, Up: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.5.4 Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</h4>
<a name="index-Stream-files"></a>

<p>The package <code>Text_IO.Streams</code> allows a Text_IO file to be treated
as a stream.  Data written to a Text_IO file in this stream mode is
binary data.  If this binary data contains bytes 16#0A# (<code>LF</code>) or
16#0C# (<code>FF</code>), the resulting file may have non-standard
format.  Similarly if read operations are used to read from a Text_IO
file treated as a stream, then <code>LF</code> and <code>FF</code> characters may be
skipped and the effect is similar to that described above for
<code>Get_Immediate</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Text_005fIO-Extensions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</a>, Up: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Text_005fIO-Extensions-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.5.5 Text_IO Extensions</h4>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO-extensions"></a>

<p>A package GNAT.IO_Aux in the GNAT library provides some useful extensions
to the standard <code>Text_IO</code> package:
</p>
<ul>
<li> function File_Exists (Name : String) return Boolean;
Determines if a file of the given name exists.

</li><li> function Get_Line return String;
Reads a string from the standard input file.  The value returned is exactly
the length of the line that was read.

</li><li> function Get_Line (File : Ada.Text_IO.File_Type) return String;
Similar, except that the parameter File specifies the file from which
the string is to be read.

</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Extensions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text_IO Extensions</a>, Up: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.5.6 Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</h4>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO-for-unbounded-strings"></a>
<a name="index-Unbounded_005fString_002c-Text_005fIO-operations"></a>

<p>The package <code>Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO</code>
in library files <code>a-suteio.ads/adb</code> contains some GNAT-specific
subprograms useful for Text_IO operations on unbounded strings:
</p>
<ul>
<li> function Get_Line (File : File_Type) return Unbounded_String;
Reads a line from the specified file
and returns the result as an unbounded string.

</li><li> procedure Put (File : File_Type; U : Unbounded_String);
Writes the value of the given unbounded string to the specified file
Similar to the effect of
<code>Put (To_String (U))</code> except that an extra copy is avoided.

</li><li> procedure Put_Line (File : File_Type; U : Unbounded_String);
Writes the value of the given unbounded string to the specified file,
followed by a <code>New_Line</code>.
Similar to the effect of <code>Put_Line (To_String (U))</code> except
that an extra copy is avoided.
</li></ul>

<p>In the above procedures, <code>File</code> is of type <code>Ada.Text_IO.File_Type</code>
and is optional.  If the parameter is omitted, then the standard input or
output file is referenced as appropriate.
</p>
<p>The package <code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO</code> in library
files <samp>a-swuwti.ads</samp> and <samp>a-swuwti.adb</samp> provides similar extended
<code>Wide_Text_IO</code> functionality for unbounded wide strings.
</p>
<p>The package <code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> in library
files <samp>a-szuzti.ads</samp> and <samp>a-szuzti.adb</samp> provides similar extended
<code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> functionality for unbounded wide wide strings.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Wide_005fText_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Wide_005fText_005fIO-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.6 Wide_Text_IO</h3>

<p><code>Wide_Text_IO</code> is similar in most respects to Text_IO, except that
both input and output files may contain special sequences that represent
wide character values.  The encoding scheme for a given file may be
specified using a FORM parameter:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">WCEM=<var>x</var>
</pre></div>

<p>as part of the FORM string (WCEM = wide character encoding method),
where <var>x</var> is one of the following characters
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Hex ESC encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>u</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Upper half encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>s</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Shift-JIS encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>e</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>EUC Encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>8</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>UTF-8 encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>b</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Brackets encoding
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>The encoding methods match those that
can be used in a source
program, but there is no requirement that the encoding method used for
the source program be the same as the encoding method used for files,
and different files may use different encoding methods.
</p>
<p>The default encoding method for the standard files, and for opened files
for which no WCEM parameter is given in the FORM string matches the
wide character encoding specified for the main program (the default
being brackets encoding if no coding method was specified with -gnatW).
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Hex Coding</dt>
<dd><p>In this encoding, a wide character is represented by a five character
sequence:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">ESC a b c d
</pre></div>

<p>where <var>a</var>, <var>b</var>, <var>c</var>, <var>d</var> are the four hexadecimal
characters (using upper case letters) of the wide character code.  For
example, ESC A345 is used to represent the wide character with code
16#A345#.  This scheme is compatible with use of the full
<code>Wide_Character</code> set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Upper Half Coding</dt>
<dd><p>The wide character with encoding 16#abcd#, where the upper bit is on
(i.e. a is in the range 8-F) is represented as two bytes 16#ab# and
16#cd#.  The second byte may never be a format control character, but is
not required to be in the upper half.  This method can be also used for
shift-JIS or EUC where the internal coding matches the external coding.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Shift JIS Coding</dt>
<dd><p>A wide character is represented by a two character sequence 16#ab# and
16#cd#, with the restrictions described for upper half encoding as
described above.  The internal character code is the corresponding JIS
character according to the standard algorithm for Shift-JIS
conversion.  Only characters defined in the JIS code set table can be
used with this encoding method.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>EUC Coding</dt>
<dd><p>A wide character is represented by a two character sequence 16#ab# and
16#cd#, with both characters being in the upper half.  The internal
character code is the corresponding JIS character according to the EUC
encoding algorithm.  Only characters defined in the JIS code set table
can be used with this encoding method.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>UTF-8 Coding</dt>
<dd><p>A wide character is represented using
UCS Transformation Format 8 (UTF-8) as defined in Annex R of ISO
10646-1/Am.2.  Depending on the character value, the representation
is a one, two, or three byte sequence:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">16#0000#-16#007f#: 2#0xxxxxxx#
16#0080#-16#07ff#: 2#110xxxxx# 2#10xxxxxx#
16#0800#-16#ffff#: 2#1110xxxx# 2#10xxxxxx# 2#10xxxxxx#
</pre></div>

<p>where the <var>xxx</var> bits correspond to the left-padded bits of the
16-bit character value.  Note that all lower half ASCII characters
are represented as ASCII bytes and all upper half characters and
other wide characters are represented as sequences of upper-half
(The full UTF-8 scheme allows for encoding 31-bit characters as
6-byte sequences, but in this implementation, all UTF-8 sequences
of four or more bytes length will raise a Constraint_Error, as
will all invalid UTF-8 sequences.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Brackets Coding</dt>
<dd><p>In this encoding, a wide character is represented by the following eight
character sequence:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">[ &quot; a b c d &quot; ]
</pre></div>

<p>where <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, <code>c</code>, <code>d</code> are the four hexadecimal
characters (using uppercase letters) of the wide character code.  For
example, <code>[&quot;A345&quot;]</code> is used to represent the wide character with code
<code>16#A345#</code>.
This scheme is compatible with use of the full Wide_Character set.
On input, brackets coding can also be used for upper half characters,
e.g. <code>[&quot;C1&quot;]</code> for lower case a.  However, on output, brackets notation
is only used for wide characters with a code greater than <code>16#FF#</code>.
</p>
<p>Note that brackets coding is not normally used in the context of
Wide_Text_IO or Wide_Wide_Text_IO, since it is really just designed as
a portable way of encoding source files. In the context of Wide_Text_IO
or Wide_Wide_Text_IO, it can only be used if the file does not contain
any instance of the left bracket character other than to encode wide
character values using the brackets encoding method. In practice it is
expected that some standard wide character encoding method such
as UTF-8 will be used for text input output.
</p>
<p>If brackets notation is used, then any occurrence of a left bracket
in the input file which is not the start of a valid wide character
sequence will cause Constraint_Error to be raised. It is possible to
encode a left bracket as [&quot;5B&quot;] and Wide_Text_IO and Wide_Wide_Text_IO
input will interpret this as a left bracket.
</p>
<p>However, when a left bracket is output, it will be output as a left bracket
and not as [&quot;5B&quot;]. We make this decision because for normal use of
Wide_Text_IO for outputting messages, it is unpleasant to clobber left
brackets. For example, if we write:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   Put_Line (&quot;Start of output [first run]&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>we really do not want to have the left bracket in this message clobbered so
that the output reads:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   Start of output [&quot;5B&quot;]first run]
</pre></div>

<p>In practice brackets encoding is reasonably useful for normal Put_Line use
since we won&rsquo;t get confused between left brackets and wide character
sequences in the output. But for input, or when files are written out
and read back in, it really makes better sense to use one of the standard
encoding methods such as UTF-8.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>For the coding schemes other than UTF-8, Hex, or Brackets encoding,
not all wide character
values can be represented.  An attempt to output a character that cannot
be represented using the encoding scheme for the file causes
Constraint_Error to be raised.  An invalid wide character sequence on
input also causes Constraint_Error to be raised.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="1">Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="2">Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Wide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a>, Up: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Wide_Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Stream-Pointer-Positioning-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.6.1 Stream Pointer Positioning</h4>

<p><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO</code> is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO</code> in its handling
of stream pointer positioning (see <a href="#Text_005fIO">Text_IO</a>).  There is one additional
case:
</p>
<p>If <code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Look_Ahead</code> reads a character outside the
normal lower ASCII set (i.e. a character in the range:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Wide_Character'Val (16#0080#) .. Wide_Character'Val (16#FFFF#)
</pre></div>

<p>then although the logical position of the file pointer is unchanged by
the <code>Look_Ahead</code> call, the stream is physically positioned past the
wide character sequence.  Again this is to avoid the need for buffering
or backup, and all <code>Wide_Text_IO</code> routines check the internal
indication that this situation has occurred so that this is not visible
to a normal program using <code>Wide_Text_IO</code>.  However, this discrepancy
can be observed if the wide text file shares a stream with another file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Wide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>, Up: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Wide_Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.6.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</h4>

<p>As in the case of Text_IO, when a non-regular file is read, it is
assumed that the file contains no page marks (any form characters are
treated as data characters), and <code>End_Of_Page</code> always returns
<code>False</code>.  Similarly, the end of file indication is not sticky, so
it is possible to read beyond an end of file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Stream_005fIO" accesskey="n" rel="next">Stream_IO</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wide_Text_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.7 Wide_Wide_Text_IO</h3>

<p><code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> is similar in most respects to Text_IO, except that
both input and output files may contain special sequences that represent
wide wide character values.  The encoding scheme for a given file may be
specified using a FORM parameter:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">WCEM=<var>x</var>
</pre></div>

<p>as part of the FORM string (WCEM = wide character encoding method),
where <var>x</var> is one of the following characters
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Hex ESC encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>u</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Upper half encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>s</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Shift-JIS encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>e</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>EUC Encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>8</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>UTF-8 encoding
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>b</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Brackets encoding
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>The encoding methods match those that
can be used in a source
program, but there is no requirement that the encoding method used for
the source program be the same as the encoding method used for files,
and different files may use different encoding methods.
</p>
<p>The default encoding method for the standard files, and for opened files
for which no WCEM parameter is given in the FORM string matches the
wide character encoding specified for the main program (the default
being brackets encoding if no coding method was specified with -gnatW).
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>UTF-8 Coding</dt>
<dd><p>A wide character is represented using
UCS Transformation Format 8 (UTF-8) as defined in Annex R of ISO
10646-1/Am.2.  Depending on the character value, the representation
is a one, two, three, or four byte sequence:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">16#000000#-16#00007f#: 2#0xxxxxxx#
16#000080#-16#0007ff#: 2#110xxxxx# 2#10xxxxxx#
16#000800#-16#00ffff#: 2#1110xxxx# 2#10xxxxxx# 2#10xxxxxx#
16#010000#-16#10ffff#: 2#11110xxx# 2#10xxxxxx# 2#10xxxxxx# 2#10xxxxxx#
</pre></div>

<p>where the <var>xxx</var> bits correspond to the left-padded bits of the
21-bit character value.  Note that all lower half ASCII characters
are represented as ASCII bytes and all upper half characters and
other wide characters are represented as sequences of upper-half
characters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Brackets Coding</dt>
<dd><p>In this encoding, a wide wide character is represented by the following eight
character sequence if is in wide character range
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">[ &quot; a b c d &quot; ]
</pre></div>

<p>and by the following ten character sequence if not
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">[ &quot; a b c d e f &quot; ]
</pre></div>

<p>where <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>e</code>, and <code>f</code>
are the four or six hexadecimal
characters (using uppercase letters) of the wide wide character code.  For
example, <code>[&quot;01A345&quot;]</code> is used to represent the wide wide character
with code <code>16#01A345#</code>.
</p>
<p>This scheme is compatible with use of the full Wide_Wide_Character set.
On input, brackets coding can also be used for upper half characters,
e.g. <code>[&quot;C1&quot;]</code> for lower case a.  However, on output, brackets notation
is only used for wide characters with a code greater than <code>16#FF#</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>If is also possible to use the other Wide_Character encoding methods,
such as Shift-JIS, but the other schemes cannot support the full range
of wide wide characters.
An attempt to output a character that cannot
be represented using the encoding scheme for the file causes
Constraint_Error to be raised.  An invalid wide character sequence on
input also causes Constraint_Error to be raised.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="1">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="2">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>, Up: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Stream-Pointer-Positioning-2"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.7.1 Stream Pointer Positioning</h4>

<p><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> is similar to <code>Ada.Text_IO</code> in its handling
of stream pointer positioning (see <a href="#Text_005fIO">Text_IO</a>).  There is one additional
case:
</p>
<p>If <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Look_Ahead</code> reads a character outside the
normal lower ASCII set (i.e. a character in the range:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Wide_Wide_Character'Val (16#0080#) .. Wide_Wide_Character'Val (16#10FFFF#)
</pre></div>

<p>then although the logical position of the file pointer is unchanged by
the <code>Look_Ahead</code> call, the stream is physically positioned past the
wide character sequence.  Again this is to avoid the need for buffering
or backup, and all <code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> routines check the internal
indication that this situation has occurred so that this is not visible
to a normal program using <code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>.  However, this discrepancy
can be observed if the wide text file shares a stream with another file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-C" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to C</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>, Up: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="u" rel="up">Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files-2"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.7.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</h4>

<p>As in the case of Text_IO, when a non-regular file is read, it is
assumed that the file contains no page marks (any form characters are
treated as data characters), and <code>End_Of_Page</code> always returns
<code>False</code>.  Similarly, the end of file indication is not sticky, so
it is possible to read beyond an end of file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Stream_005fIO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Text-Translation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text Translation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Stream_005fIO-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.8 Stream_IO</h3>

<p>A stream file is a sequence of bytes, where individual elements are
written to the file as described in the Ada Reference Manual.  The type
<code>Stream_Element</code> is simply a byte.  There are two ways to read or
write a stream file.
</p>
<ul>
<li> The operations <code>Read</code> and <code>Write</code> directly read or write a
sequence of stream elements with no control information.

</li><li> The stream attributes applied to a stream file transfer data in the
manner described for stream attributes.
</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Text-Translation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Shared-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Shared Files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Stream_005fIO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Stream_IO</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Text-Translation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.9 Text Translation</h3>

<p>&lsquo;<samp>Text_Translation=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; may be used as the Form parameter
passed to Text_IO.Create and Text_IO.Open:
&lsquo;<samp>Text_Translation=<var>Yes</var></samp>&rsquo; is the default, which means to
translate LF to/from CR/LF on Windows systems.
&lsquo;<samp>Text_Translation=<var>No</var></samp>&rsquo; disables this translation; i.e. it
uses binary mode. For output files, &lsquo;<samp>Text_Translation=<var>No</var></samp>&rsquo;
may be used to create Unix-style files on
Windows. &lsquo;<samp>Text_Translation=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; has no effect on Unix
systems.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Shared-Files"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Filenames-encoding" accesskey="n" rel="next">Filenames encoding</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text-Translation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text Translation</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Shared-Files-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.10 Shared Files</h3>

<p>Section A.14 of the Ada Reference Manual allows implementations to
provide a wide variety of behavior if an attempt is made to access the
same external file with two or more internal files.
</p>
<p>To provide a full range of functionality, while at the same time
minimizing the problems of portability caused by this implementation
dependence, GNAT handles file sharing as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li> In the absence of a &lsquo;<samp>shared=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; form parameter, an attempt
to open two or more files with the same full name is considered an error
and is not supported.  The exception <code>Use_Error</code> will be
raised.  Note that a file that is not explicitly closed by the program
remains open until the program terminates.

</li><li> If the form parameter &lsquo;<samp>shared=no</samp>&rsquo; appears in the form string, the
file can be opened or created with its own separate stream identifier,
regardless of whether other files sharing the same external file are
opened.  The exact effect depends on how the C stream routines handle
multiple accesses to the same external files using separate streams.

</li><li> If the form parameter &lsquo;<samp>shared=yes</samp>&rsquo; appears in the form string for
each of two or more files opened using the same full name, the same
stream is shared between these files, and the semantics are as described
in Ada Reference Manual, Section A.14.
</li></ul>

<p>When a program that opens multiple files with the same name is ported
from another Ada compiler to GNAT, the effect will be that
<code>Use_Error</code> is raised.
</p>
<p>The documentation of the original compiler and the documentation of the
program should then be examined to determine if file sharing was
expected, and &lsquo;<samp>shared=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; parameters added to <code>Open</code>
and <code>Create</code> calls as required.
</p>
<p>When a program is ported from GNAT to some other Ada compiler, no
special attention is required unless the &lsquo;<samp>shared=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; form
parameter is used in the program.  In this case, you must examine the
documentation of the new compiler to see if it supports the required
file sharing semantics, and form strings modified appropriately.  Of
course it may be the case that the program cannot be ported if the
target compiler does not support the required functionality.  The best
approach in writing portable code is to avoid file sharing (and hence
the use of the &lsquo;<samp>shared=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; parameter in the form string)
completely.
</p>
<p>One common use of file sharing in Ada 83 is the use of instantiations of
Sequential_IO on the same file with different types, to achieve
heterogeneous input-output.  Although this approach will work in GNAT if
&lsquo;<samp>shared=yes</samp>&rsquo; is specified, it is preferable in Ada to use Stream_IO
for this purpose (using the stream attributes)
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Filenames-encoding"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Open-Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Open Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Shared-Files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Shared Files</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Filenames-encoding-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.11 Filenames encoding</h3>

<p>An encoding form parameter can be used to specify the filename
encoding &lsquo;<samp>encoding=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<ul>
<li> If the form parameter &lsquo;<samp>encoding=utf8</samp>&rsquo; appears in the form string, the
filename must be encoded in UTF-8.

</li><li> If the form parameter &lsquo;<samp>encoding=8bits</samp>&rsquo; appears in the form
string, the filename must be a standard 8bits string.
</li></ul>

<p>In the absence of a &lsquo;<samp>encoding=<var>xxx</var></samp>&rsquo; form parameter, the
encoding is controlled by the &lsquo;<samp>GNAT_CODE_PAGE</samp>&rsquo; environment
variable. And if not set &lsquo;<samp>utf8</samp>&rsquo; is assumed.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>CP_ACP</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The current system Windows ANSI code page.
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>CP_UTF8</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>UTF-8 encoding
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>This encoding form parameter is only supported on the Windows
platform. On the other Operating Systems the run-time is supporting
UTF-8 natively.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Open-Modes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Operations-on-C-Streams" accesskey="n" rel="next">Operations on C Streams</a>, Previous: <a href="#Filenames-encoding" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Filenames encoding</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Open-Modes-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.12 Open Modes</h3>

<p><code>Open</code> and <code>Create</code> calls result in a call to <code>fopen</code>
using the mode shown in the following table:
</p>
<br>
<br>
<div align="center"><code>Open</code> and <code>Create</code> Call Modes
</div><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">                               <b>OPEN </b>           <b>CREATE</b>
Append_File                    &quot;r+&quot;             &quot;w+&quot;
In_File                        &quot;r&quot;              &quot;w+&quot;
Out_File (Direct_IO)           &quot;r+&quot;             &quot;w&quot;
Out_File (all other cases)     &quot;w&quot;              &quot;w&quot;
Inout_File                     &quot;r+&quot;             &quot;w+&quot;
</pre></div>

<p>If text file translation is required, then either &lsquo;<samp>b</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>t</samp>&rsquo;
is added to the mode, depending on the setting of Text.  Text file
translation refers to the mapping of CR/LF sequences in an external file
to LF characters internally.  This mapping only occurs in DOS and
DOS-like systems, and is not relevant to other systems.
</p>
<p>A special case occurs with Stream_IO.  As shown in the above table, the
file is initially opened in &lsquo;<samp>r</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>w</samp>&rsquo; mode for the
<code>In_File</code> and <code>Out_File</code> cases.  If a <code>Set_Mode</code> operation
subsequently requires switching from reading to writing or vice-versa,
then the file is reopened in &lsquo;<samp>r+</samp>&rsquo; mode to permit the required operation.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Operations-on-C-Streams"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-C-Streams" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to C Streams</a>, Previous: <a href="#Open-Modes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Open Modes</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Operations-on-C-Streams-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.13 Operations on C Streams</h3>
<p>The package <code>Interfaces.C_Streams</code> provides an Ada program with direct
access to the C library functions for operations on C streams:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package Interfaces.C_Streams is
  -- Note: the reason we do not use the types that are in
  -- Interfaces.C is that we want to avoid dragging in the
  -- code in this unit if possible.
  subtype chars is System.Address;
  -- Pointer to null-terminated array of characters
  subtype FILEs is System.Address;
  -- Corresponds to the C type FILE*
  subtype voids is System.Address;
  -- Corresponds to the C type void*
  subtype int is Integer;
  subtype long is Long_Integer;
  -- Note: the above types are subtypes deliberately, and it
  -- is part of this spec that the above correspondences are
  -- guaranteed.  This means that it is legitimate to, for
  -- example, use Integer instead of int.  We provide these
  -- synonyms for clarity, but in some cases it may be
  -- convenient to use the underlying types (for example to
  -- avoid an unnecessary dependency of a spec on the spec
  -- of this unit).
  type size_t is mod 2 ** Standard'Address_Size;
  NULL_Stream : constant FILEs;
  -- Value returned (NULL in C) to indicate an
  -- fdopen/fopen/tmpfile error
  ----------------------------------
  -- Constants Defined in stdio.h --
  ----------------------------------
  EOF : constant int;
  -- Used by a number of routines to indicate error or
  -- end of file
  IOFBF : constant int;
  IOLBF : constant int;
  IONBF : constant int;
  -- Used to indicate buffering mode for setvbuf call
  SEEK_CUR : constant int;
  SEEK_END : constant int;
  SEEK_SET : constant int;
  -- Used to indicate origin for fseek call
  function stdin return FILEs;
  function stdout return FILEs;
  function stderr return FILEs;
  -- Streams associated with standard files
  --------------------------
  -- Standard C functions --
  --------------------------
  -- The functions selected below are ones that are
  -- available in UNIX (but not necessarily in ANSI C).
  -- These are very thin interfaces
  -- which copy exactly the C headers.  For more
  -- documentation on these functions, see the Microsoft C
  -- &quot;Run-Time Library Reference&quot; (Microsoft Press, 1990,
  -- ISBN 1-55615-225-6), which includes useful information
  -- on system compatibility.
  procedure clearerr (stream : FILEs);
  function fclose (stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fdopen (handle : int; mode : chars) return FILEs;
  function feof (stream : FILEs) return int;
  function ferror (stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fflush (stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fgetc (stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fgets (strng : chars; n : int; stream : FILEs)
      return chars;
  function fileno (stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fopen (filename : chars; Mode : chars)
      return FILEs;
  -- Note: to maintain target independence, use
  -- text_translation_required, a boolean variable defined in
  -- a-sysdep.c to deal with the target dependent text
  -- translation requirement.  If this variable is set,
  -- then  b/t should be appended to the standard mode
  -- argument to set the text translation mode off or on
  -- as required.
  function fputc (C : int; stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fputs (Strng : chars; Stream : FILEs) return int;
  function fread
     (buffer : voids;
      size : size_t;
      count : size_t;
      stream : FILEs)
      return size_t;
  function freopen
     (filename : chars;
      mode : chars;
      stream : FILEs)
      return FILEs;
  function fseek
     (stream : FILEs;
      offset : long;
      origin : int)
      return int;
  function ftell (stream : FILEs) return long;
  function fwrite
     (buffer : voids;
      size : size_t;
      count : size_t;
      stream : FILEs)
      return size_t;
  function isatty (handle : int) return int;
  procedure mktemp (template : chars);
  -- The return value (which is just a pointer to template)
  -- is discarded
  procedure rewind (stream : FILEs);
  function rmtmp return int;
  function setvbuf
     (stream : FILEs;
      buffer : chars;
      mode : int;
      size : size_t)
      return int;

  function tmpfile return FILEs;
  function ungetc (c : int; stream : FILEs) return int;
  function unlink (filename : chars) return int;
  ---------------------
  -- Extra functions --
  ---------------------
  -- These functions supply slightly thicker bindings than
  -- those above.  They are derived from functions in the
  -- C Run-Time Library, but may do a bit more work than
  -- just directly calling one of the Library functions.
  function is_regular_file (handle : int) return int;
  -- Tests if given handle is for a regular file (result 1)
  -- or for a non-regular file (pipe or device, result 0).
  ---------------------------------
  -- Control of Text/Binary Mode --
  ---------------------------------
  -- If text_translation_required is true, then the following
  -- functions may be used to dynamically switch a file from
  -- binary to text mode or vice versa.  These functions have
  -- no effect if text_translation_required is false (i.e. in
  -- normal UNIX mode).  Use fileno to get a stream handle.
  procedure set_binary_mode (handle : int);
  procedure set_text_mode (handle : int);
  ----------------------------
  -- Full Path Name support --
  ----------------------------
  procedure full_name (nam : chars; buffer : chars);
  -- Given a NUL terminated string representing a file
  -- name, returns in buffer a NUL terminated string
  -- representing the full path name for the file name.
  -- On systems where it is relevant the   drive is also
  -- part of the full path name.  It is the responsibility
  -- of the caller to pass an actual parameter for buffer
  -- that is big enough for any full path name.  Use
  -- max_path_len given below as the size of buffer.
  max_path_len : integer;
  -- Maximum length of an allowable full path name on the
  -- system, including a terminating NUL character.
end Interfaces.C_Streams;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-C-Streams"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Operations-on-C-Streams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Operations on C Streams</a>, Up: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="u" rel="up">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-C-Streams-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.14 Interfacing to C Streams</h3>

<p>The packages in this section permit interfacing Ada files to C Stream
operations.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> with Interfaces.C_Streams;
 package Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams is
    function C_Stream (F : File_Type)
       return Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
    procedure Open
      (File : in out File_Type;
       Mode : in File_Mode;
       C_Stream : in Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
       Form : in String := &quot;&quot;);
 end Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams;

  with Interfaces.C_Streams;
  package Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams is
     function C_Stream (F : File_Type)
        return Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
     procedure Open
       (File : in out File_Type;
        Mode : in File_Mode;
        C_Stream : in Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
        Form : in String := &quot;&quot;);
  end Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams;

  with Interfaces.C_Streams;
  package Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams is
     function C_Stream (F : File_Type)
        return Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
     procedure Open
       (File : in out File_Type;
        Mode : in File_Mode;
        C_Stream : in Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
        Form : in String := &quot;&quot;);
  end Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams;

  with Interfaces.C_Streams;
  package Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams is
     function C_Stream (F : File_Type)
        return Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
     procedure Open
       (File : in out File_Type;
        Mode : in File_Mode;
        C_Stream : in Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
        Form : in String := &quot;&quot;);
 end Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams;

  with Interfaces.C_Streams;
  package Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams is
     function C_Stream (F : File_Type)
        return Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
     procedure Open
       (File : in out File_Type;
        Mode : in File_Mode;
        C_Stream : in Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
        Form : in String := &quot;&quot;);
 end Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams;

 with Interfaces.C_Streams;
 package Ada.Stream_IO.C_Streams is
    function C_Stream (F : File_Type)
       return Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
    procedure Open
      (File : in out File_Type;
       Mode : in File_Mode;
       C_Stream : in Interfaces.C_Streams.FILEs;
       Form : in String := &quot;&quot;);
 end Ada.Stream_IO.C_Streams;
</pre></div>

<p>In each of these six packages, the <code>C_Stream</code> function obtains the
<code>FILE</code> pointer from a currently opened Ada file.  It is then
possible to use the <code>Interfaces.C_Streams</code> package to operate on
this stream, or the stream can be passed to a C program which can
operate on it directly.  Of course the program is responsible for
ensuring that only appropriate sequences of operations are executed.
</p>
<p>One particular use of relevance to an Ada program is that the
<code>setvbuf</code> function can be used to control the buffering of the
stream used by an Ada file.  In the absence of such a call the standard
default buffering is used.
</p>
<p>The <code>Open</code> procedures in these packages open a file giving an
existing C Stream instead of a file name.  Typically this stream is
imported from a C program, allowing an Ada file to operate on an
existing C file.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="The-GNAT-Library"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to Other Languages</a>, Previous: <a href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">The Implementation of Standard I/O</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="The-GNAT-Library-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">10 The GNAT Library</h2>

<p>The GNAT library contains a number of general and special purpose packages.
It represents functionality that the GNAT developers have found useful, and
which is made available to GNAT users.  The packages described here are fully
supported, and upwards compatibility will be maintained in future releases,
so you can use these facilities with the confidence that the same functionality
will be available in future releases.
</p>
<p>The chapter here simply gives a brief summary of the facilities available.
The full documentation is found in the spec file for the package.  The full
sources of these library packages, including both spec and body, are provided
with all GNAT releases.  For example, to find out the full specifications of
the SPITBOL pattern matching capability, including a full tutorial and
extensive examples, look in the <samp>g-spipat.ads</samp> file in the library.
</p>
<p>For each entry here, the package name (as it would appear in a <code>with</code>
clause) is given, followed by the name of the corresponding spec file in
parentheses.  The packages are children in four hierarchies, <code>Ada</code>,
<code>Interfaces</code>, <code>System</code>, and <code>GNAT</code>, the latter being a
GNAT-specific hierarchy.
</p>
<p>Note that an application program should only use packages in one of these
four hierarchies if the package is defined in the Ada Reference Manual,
or is listed in this section of the GNAT Programmers Reference Manual.
All other units should be considered internal implementation units and
should not be directly <code>with</code>&rsquo;ed by application code.  The use of
a <code>with</code> statement that references one of these internal implementation
units makes an application potentially dependent on changes in versions
of GNAT, and will generate a warning message.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029" accesskey="1">Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029" accesskey="2">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029" accesskey="3">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029" accesskey="4">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029" accesskey="5">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029" accesskey="6">Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (a-cfdlli.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029" accesskey="7">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps (a-cfhama.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029" accesskey="8">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets (a-cfhase.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029" accesskey="9">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps (a-cforma.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets (a-cforse.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors (a-cofove.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029">Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029">GNAT.Expect (g-expect.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029">GNAT.Expect.TTY (g-exptty.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029">GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029">GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029">GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029">GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029">GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029">GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029">GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029">GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029">GNAT.SSE (g-sse.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types (g-ssvety.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029">GNAT.Strings (g-string.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Extensions (i-cexten.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029">System.Memory (s-memory.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029">System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029">System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029">System.Rident (s-rident.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029">System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Con (s-wchcon.ads)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-C-Streams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to C Streams</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.1 <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-chlat9.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Latin_005f9-constants-for-Character"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Characters</code>
provides a set of definitions corresponding to those in the
RM-defined package <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_1</code> but with the
few modifications required for <code>Latin-9</code>
The provision of such a package
is specifically authorized by the Ada Reference Manual
(RM A.3.3(27)).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.2 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1</code> (<samp>a-cwila1.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Latin_005f1-constants-for-Wide_005fCharacter"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Characters</code>
provides a set of definitions corresponding to those in the
RM-defined package <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_1</code> but with the
types of the constants being <code>Wide_Character</code>
instead of <code>Character</code>.  The provision of such a package
is specifically authorized by the Ada Reference Manual
(RM A.3.3(27)).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.3 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-cwila1.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Latin_005f9-constants-for-Wide_005fCharacter"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Characters</code>
provides a set of definitions corresponding to those in the
GNAT defined package <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_9</code> but with the
types of the constants being <code>Wide_Character</code>
instead of <code>Character</code>.  The provision of such a package
is specifically authorized by the Ada Reference Manual
(RM A.3.3(27)).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.4 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1</code> (<samp>a-chzla1.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Latin_005f1-constants-for-Wide_005fWide_005fCharacter"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Characters</code>
provides a set of definitions corresponding to those in the
RM-defined package <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_1</code> but with the
types of the constants being <code>Wide_Wide_Character</code>
instead of <code>Character</code>.  The provision of such a package
is specifically authorized by the Ada Reference Manual
(RM A.3.3(27)).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (a-cfdlli.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.5 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-chzla9.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Latin_005f9-constants-for-Wide_005fWide_005fCharacter"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Characters</code>
provides a set of definitions corresponding to those in the
GNAT defined package <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_9</code> but with the
types of the constants being <code>Wide_Wide_Character</code>
instead of <code>Character</code>.  The provision of such a package
is specifically authorized by the Ada Reference Manual
(RM A.3.3(27)).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps (a-cfhama.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.6 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists</code> (<samp>a-cfdlli.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Formal-container-for-doubly-linked-lists"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Containers</code> defines a modified version of the Ada 2005
container for doubly linked lists, meant to facilitate formal verification of
code using such containers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets (a-cfhase.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (a-cfdlli.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.7 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps</code> (<samp>a-cfhama.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Formal-container-for-hashed-maps"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Containers</code> defines a modified version of the Ada 2005
container for hashed maps, meant to facilitate formal verification of
code using such containers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps (a-cforma.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps (a-cfhama.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.8 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets</code> (<samp>a-cfhase.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Formal-container-for-hashed-sets"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Containers</code> defines a modified version of the Ada 2005
container for hashed sets, meant to facilitate formal verification of
code using such containers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets (a-cforse.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets (a-cfhase.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.9 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps</code> (<samp>a-cforma.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Formal-container-for-ordered-maps"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Containers</code> defines a modified version of the Ada 2005
container for ordered maps, meant to facilitate formal verification of
code using such containers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors (a-cofove.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps (a-cforma.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.10 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets</code> (<samp>a-cforse.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Formal-container-for-ordered-sets"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Containers</code> defines a modified version of the Ada 2005
container for ordered sets, meant to facilitate formal verification of
code using such containers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets (a-cforse.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.11 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors</code> (<samp>a-cofove.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Formal-container-for-vectors"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Containers</code> defines a modified version of the Ada 2005
container for vectors, meant to facilitate formal verification of
code using such containers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors (a-cofove.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.12 <code>Ada.Command_Line.Environment</code> (<samp>a-colien.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Environment-entries"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Command_Line</code>
provides a mechanism for obtaining environment values on systems
where this concept makes sense.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.13 <code>Ada.Command_Line.Remove</code> (<samp>a-colire.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Removing-command-line-arguments"></a>
<a name="index-Command-line_002c-argument-removal"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Command_Line</code>
provides a mechanism for logically removing
arguments from the argument list.  Once removed, an argument is not visible
to further calls on the subprograms in <code>Ada.Command_Line</code> will not
see the removed argument.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.14 <code>Ada.Command_Line.Response_File</code> (<samp>a-clrefi.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Response-file-for-command-line"></a>
<a name="index-Command-line_002c-response-file"></a>
<a name="index-Command-line_002c-handling-long-command-lines"></a>

<p>This child of <code>Ada.Command_Line</code> provides a mechanism facilities for
getting command line arguments from a text file, called a &quot;response file&quot;.
Using a response file allow passing a set of arguments to an executable longer
than the maximum allowed by the system on the command line.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.15 <code>Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-diocst.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Direct_005fIO"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow interfacing between
C streams and <code>Direct_IO</code>.  The stream identifier can be
extracted from a file opened on the Ada side, and an Ada file
can be constructed from a stream opened on the C side.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.16 <code>Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence</code> (<samp>a-einuoc.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Null_005fOccurrence_002c-testing-for"></a>

<p>This child subprogram provides a way of testing for the null
exception occurrence (<code>Null_Occurrence</code>) without raising
an exception.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.17 <code>Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler</code> (<samp>a-elchha.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Null_005fOccurrence_002c-testing-for-1"></a>

<p>This child subprogram is used for handling otherwise unhandled
exceptions (hence the name last chance), and perform clean ups before
terminating the program. Note that this subprogram never returns.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.18 <code>Ada.Exceptions.Traceback</code> (<samp>a-exctra.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Traceback-for-Exception-Occurrence"></a>

<p>This child package provides the subprogram (<code>Tracebacks</code>) to
give a traceback array of addresses based on an exception
occurrence.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.19 <code>Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-siocst.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Sequential_005fIO"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow interfacing between
C streams and <code>Sequential_IO</code>.  The stream identifier can be
extracted from a file opened on the Ada side, and an Ada file
can be constructed from a stream opened on the C side.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.20 <code>Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-ssicst.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Stream_005fIO"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow interfacing between
C streams and <code>Stream_IO</code>.  The stream identifier can be
extracted from a file opened on the Ada side, and an Ada file
can be constructed from a stream opened on the C side.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.21 <code>Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-suteio.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Unbounded_005fString_002c-IO-support"></a>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO_002c-extensions-for-unbounded-strings"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms for Text_IO for unbounded
strings, avoiding the necessity for an intermediate operation
with ordinary strings.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.22 <code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-swuwti.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Unbounded_005fWide_005fString_002c-IO-support"></a>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO_002c-extensions-for-unbounded-wide-strings"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms for Text_IO for unbounded
wide strings, avoiding the necessity for an intermediate operation
with ordinary wide strings.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.23 <code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-szuzti.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Unbounded_005fWide_005fWide_005fString_002c-IO-support"></a>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO_002c-extensions-for-unbounded-wide-wide-strings"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms for Text_IO for unbounded
wide wide strings, avoiding the necessity for an intermediate operation
with ordinary wide wide strings.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.24 <code>Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-tiocst.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Text_005fIO"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow interfacing between
C streams and <code>Text_IO</code>.  The stream identifier can be
extracted from a file opened on the Ada side, and an Ada file
can be constructed from a stream opened on the C side.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.25 <code>Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-tirsfi.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO-resetting-standard-files"></a>

<p>This procedure is used to reset the status of the standard files used
by Ada.Text_IO.  This is useful in a situation (such as a restart in an
embedded application) where the status of the files may change during
execution (for example a standard input file may be redefined to be
interactive).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.26 <code>Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode</code> (<samp>a-wichun.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode-categorization_002c-Wide_005fCharacter"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow categorization of
Wide_Character values according to Unicode categories.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.27 <code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-wtcstr.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Wide_005fText_005fIO"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow interfacing between
C streams and <code>Wide_Text_IO</code>.  The stream identifier can be
extracted from a file opened on the Ada side, and an Ada file
can be constructed from a stream opened on the C side.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.28 <code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-wrstfi.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Wide_005fText_005fIO-resetting-standard-files"></a>

<p>This procedure is used to reset the status of the standard files used
by Ada.Wide_Text_IO.  This is useful in a situation (such as a restart in an
embedded application) where the status of the files may change during
execution (for example a standard input file may be redefined to be
interactive).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.29 <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode</code> (<samp>a-zchuni.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode-categorization_002c-Wide_005fWide_005fCharacter"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow categorization of
Wide_Wide_Character values according to Unicode categories.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.30 <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-ztcstr.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO"></a>

<p>This package provides subprograms that allow interfacing between
C streams and <code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code>.  The stream identifier can be
extracted from a file opened on the Ada side, and an Ada file
can be constructed from a stream opened on the C side.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.31 <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-zrstfi.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-resetting-standard-files"></a>

<p>This procedure is used to reset the status of the standard files used
by Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO. This is useful in a situation (such as a
restart in an embedded application) where the status of the files may
change during execution (for example a standard input file may be
redefined to be interactive).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.32 <code>GNAT.Altivec</code> (<samp>g-altive.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-AltiVec"></a>

<p>This is the root package of the GNAT AltiVec binding. It provides
definitions of constants and types common to all the versions of the
binding.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.33 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Conversions</code> (<samp>g-altcon.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-AltiVec-1"></a>

<p>This package provides the Vector/View conversion routines.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.34 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations</code> (<samp>g-alveop.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-AltiVec-2"></a>

<p>This package exposes the Ada interface to the AltiVec operations on
vector objects. A soft emulation is included by default in the GNAT
library. The hard binding is provided as a separate package. This unit
is common to both bindings.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.35 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types</code> (<samp>g-alvety.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-AltiVec-3"></a>

<p>This package exposes the various vector types part of the Ada binding
to AltiVec facilities.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.36 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views</code> (<samp>g-alvevi.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-AltiVec-4"></a>

<p>This package provides public &rsquo;View&rsquo; data types from/to which private
vector representations can be converted via
GNAT.Altivec.Conversions. This allows convenient access to individual
vector elements and provides a simple way to initialize vector
objects.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.37 <code>GNAT.Array_Split</code> (<samp>g-arrspl.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Array-splitter"></a>

<p>Useful array-manipulation routines: given a set of separators, split
an array wherever the separators appear, and provide direct access
to the resulting slices.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.38 <code>GNAT.AWK</code> (<samp>g-awk.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Parsing"></a>
<a name="index-AWK"></a>

<p>Provides AWK-like parsing functions, with an easy interface for parsing one
or more files containing formatted data.  The file is viewed as a database
where each record is a line and a field is a data element in this line.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.39 <code>GNAT.Bounded_Buffers</code> (<samp>g-boubuf.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Parsing-1"></a>
<a name="index-Bounded-Buffers"></a>

<p>Provides a concurrent generic bounded buffer abstraction.  Instances are
useful directly or as parts of the implementations of other abstractions,
such as mailboxes.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.40 <code>GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes</code> (<samp>g-boumai.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Parsing-2"></a>
<a name="index-Mailboxes"></a>

<p>Provides a thread-safe asynchronous intertask mailbox communication facility.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.41 <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort</code> (<samp>g-bubsor.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sorting"></a>
<a name="index-Bubble-sort"></a>

<p>Provides a general implementation of bubble sort usable for sorting arbitrary
data items.  Exchange and comparison procedures are provided by passing
access-to-procedure values.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.42 <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A</code> (<samp>g-busora.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sorting-1"></a>
<a name="index-Bubble-sort-1"></a>

<p>Provides a general implementation of bubble sort usable for sorting arbitrary
data items.  Move and comparison procedures are provided by passing
access-to-procedure values. This is an older version, retained for
compatibility. Usually <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort</code> will be preferable.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.43 <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G</code> (<samp>g-busorg.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sorting-2"></a>
<a name="index-Bubble-sort-2"></a>

<p>Similar to <code>Bubble_Sort_A</code> except that the move and sorting procedures
are provided as generic parameters, this improves efficiency, especially
if the procedures can be inlined, at the expense of duplicating code for
multiple instantiations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.44 <code>GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark</code> (<samp>g-byorma.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8-representation"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-characte-representations"></a>

<p>Provides a routine which given a string, reads the start of the string to
see whether it is one of the standard byte order marks (BOM&rsquo;s) which signal
the encoding of the string. The routine includes detection of special XML
sequences for various UCS input formats.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.45 <code>GNAT.Byte_Swapping</code> (<samp>g-bytswa.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Byte-swapping"></a>
<a name="index-Endianness-1"></a>

<p>General routines for swapping the bytes in 2-, 4-, and 8-byte quantities.
Machine-specific implementations are available in some cases.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.46 <code>GNAT.Calendar</code> (<samp>g-calend.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Calendar"></a>

<p>Extends the facilities provided by <code>Ada.Calendar</code> to include handling
of days of the week, an extended <code>Split</code> and <code>Time_Of</code> capability.
Also provides conversion of <code>Ada.Calendar.Time</code> values to and from the
C <code>timeval</code> format.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.47 <code>GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO</code> (<samp>g-catiio.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Calendar-1"></a>
<a name="index-Time"></a>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029"></a>

<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.48 <code>GNAT.CRC32</code> (<samp>g-crc32.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-CRC32"></a>
<a name="index-Cyclic-Redundancy-Check"></a>

<p>This package implements the CRC-32 algorithm.  For a full description
of this algorithm see
&ldquo;Computation of Cyclic Redundancy Checks via Table Look-Up&rdquo;,
<cite>Communications of the ACM</cite>, Vol. 31 No. 8, pp. 1008-1013,
Aug. 1988.  Sarwate, D.V.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.49 <code>GNAT.Case_Util</code> (<samp>g-casuti.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Casing-utilities"></a>
<a name="index-Character-handling-_0028GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil_0029"></a>

<p>A set of simple routines for handling upper and lower casing of strings
without the overhead of the full casing tables
in <code>Ada.Characters.Handling</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.50 <code>GNAT.CGI</code> (<samp>g-cgi.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-CGI-_0028Common-Gateway-Interface_0029"></a>

<p>This is a package for interfacing a GNAT program with a Web server via the
Common Gateway Interface (CGI).  Basically this package parses the CGI
parameters, which are a set of key/value pairs sent by the Web server.  It
builds a table whose index is the key and provides some services to deal
with this table.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.51 <code>GNAT.CGI.Cookie</code> (<samp>g-cgicoo.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-CGI-_0028Common-Gateway-Interface_0029-cookie-support"></a>
<a name="index-Cookie-support-in-CGI"></a>

<p>This is a package to interface a GNAT program with a Web server via the
Common Gateway Interface (CGI).  It exports services to deal with Web
cookies (piece of information kept in the Web client software).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.52 <code>GNAT.CGI.Debug</code> (<samp>g-cgideb.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-CGI-_0028Common-Gateway-Interface_0029-debugging"></a>

<p>This is a package to help debugging CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
programs written in Ada.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.53 <code>GNAT.Command_Line</code> (<samp>g-comlin.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Command-line"></a>

<p>Provides a high level interface to <code>Ada.Command_Line</code> facilities,
including the ability to scan for named switches with optional parameters
and expand file names using wild card notations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.54 <code>GNAT.Compiler_Version</code> (<samp>g-comver.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Compiler-Version"></a>
<a name="index-Version_002c-of-compiler"></a>

<p>Provides a routine for obtaining the version of the compiler used to
compile the program. More accurately this is the version of the binder
used to bind the program (this will normally be the same as the version
of the compiler if a consistent tool set is used to compile all units
of a partition).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.55 <code>GNAT.Ctrl_C</code> (<samp>g-ctrl_c.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Interrupt"></a>

<p>Provides a simple interface to handle Ctrl-C keyboard events.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.56 <code>GNAT.Current_Exception</code> (<samp>g-curexc.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Current-exception"></a>
<a name="index-Exception-retrieval"></a>

<p>Provides access to information on the current exception that has been raised
without the need for using the Ada 95 / Ada 2005 exception choice parameter
specification syntax.
This is particularly useful in simulating typical facilities for
obtaining information about exceptions provided by Ada 83 compilers.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.57 <code>GNAT.Debug_Pools</code> (<samp>g-debpoo.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Debugging"></a>
<a name="index-Debug-pools"></a>
<a name="index-Memory-corruption-debugging"></a>

<p>Provide a debugging storage pools that helps tracking memory corruption
problems.  See <a href="gnat_ugn.html#The-GNAT-Debug-Pool-Facility">The GNAT Debug Pool Facility</a> in <cite>GNAT User&rsquo;s Guide</cite>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.58 <code>GNAT.Debug_Utilities</code> (<samp>g-debuti.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Debugging-1"></a>

<p>Provides a few useful utilities for debugging purposes, including conversion
to and from string images of address values. Supports both C and Ada formats
for hexadecimal literals.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.59 <code>GNAT.Decode_String</code> (<samp>g-decstr.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Decoding-strings"></a>
<a name="index-String-decoding"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-character-encoding"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode"></a>

<p>A generic package providing routines for decoding wide character and wide wide
character strings encoded as sequences of 8-bit characters using a specified
encoding method. Includes validation routines, and also routines for stepping
to next or previous encoded character in an encoded string.
Useful in conjunction with Unicode character coding. Note there is a
preinstantiation for UTF-8. See next entry.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.60 <code>GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String</code> (<samp>g-deutst.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Decoding-strings-1"></a>
<a name="index-Decoding-UTF_002d8-strings"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8-string-decoding"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-character-decoding"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8-1"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode-1"></a>

<p>A preinstantiation of GNAT.Decode_Strings for UTF-8 encoding.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.61 <code>GNAT.Directory_Operations</code> (<samp>g-dirope.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Directory-operations"></a>

<p>Provides a set of routines for manipulating directories, including changing
the current directory, making new directories, and scanning the files in a
directory.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.62 <code>GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration</code> (<samp>g-diopit.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Directory-operations-iteration"></a>

<p>A child unit of GNAT.Directory_Operations providing additional operations
for iterating through directories.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.63 <code>GNAT.Dynamic_HTables</code> (<samp>g-dynhta.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Hash-tables"></a>

<p>A generic implementation of hash tables that can be used to hash arbitrary
data.  Provided in two forms, a simple form with built in hash functions,
and a more complex form in which the hash function is supplied.
</p>
<p>This package provides a facility similar to that of <code>GNAT.HTable</code>,
except that this package declares a type that can be used to define
dynamic instances of the hash table, while an instantiation of
<code>GNAT.HTable</code> creates a single instance of the hash table.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.64 <code>GNAT.Dynamic_Tables</code> (<samp>g-dyntab.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Table-implementation"></a>
<a name="index-Arrays_002c-extendable"></a>

<p>A generic package providing a single dimension array abstraction where the
length of the array can be dynamically modified.
</p>
<p>This package provides a facility similar to that of <code>GNAT.Table</code>,
except that this package declares a type that can be used to define
dynamic instances of the table, while an instantiation of
<code>GNAT.Table</code> creates a single instance of the table type.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.65 <code>GNAT.Encode_String</code> (<samp>g-encstr.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Encoding-strings"></a>
<a name="index-String-encoding"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-character-encoding-1"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8-2"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode-2"></a>

<p>A generic package providing routines for encoding wide character and wide
wide character strings as sequences of 8-bit characters using a specified
encoding method. Useful in conjunction with Unicode character coding.
Note there is a preinstantiation for UTF-8. See next entry.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.66 <code>GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String</code> (<samp>g-enutst.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Encoding-strings-1"></a>
<a name="index-Encoding-UTF_002d8-strings"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8-string-encoding"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-character-encoding-2"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8-3"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode-3"></a>

<p>A preinstantiation of GNAT.Encode_Strings for UTF-8 encoding.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.67 <code>GNAT.Exception_Actions</code> (<samp>g-excact.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Exception-actions"></a>

<p>Provides callbacks when an exception is raised. Callbacks can be registered
for specific exceptions, or when any exception is raised. This
can be used for instance to force a core dump to ease debugging.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.68 <code>GNAT.Exception_Traces</code> (<samp>g-exctra.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Exception-traces"></a>
<a name="index-Debugging-2"></a>

<p>Provides an interface allowing to control automatic output upon exception
occurrences.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Expect (g-expect.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.69 <code>GNAT.Exceptions</code> (<samp>g-expect.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Exceptions_002c-Pure"></a>
<a name="index-Pure-packages_002c-exceptions"></a>

<p>Normally it is not possible to raise an exception with
a message from a subprogram in a pure package, since the
necessary types and subprograms are in <code>Ada.Exceptions</code>
which is not a pure unit. <code>GNAT.Exceptions</code> provides a
facility for getting around this limitation for a few
predefined exceptions, and for example allow raising
<code>Constraint_Error</code> with a message from a pure subprogram.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Expect.TTY (g-exptty.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.70 <code>GNAT.Expect</code> (<samp>g-expect.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>Provides a set of subprograms similar to what is available
with the standard Tcl Expect tool.
It allows you to easily spawn and communicate with an external process.
You can send commands or inputs to the process, and compare the output
with some expected regular expression. Currently <code>GNAT.Expect</code>
is implemented on all native GNAT ports except for OpenVMS.
It is not implemented for cross ports, and in particular is not
implemented for VxWorks or LynxOS.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Expect (g-expect.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.71 <code>GNAT.Expect.TTY</code> (<samp>g-exptty.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>As GNAT.Expect but using pseudo-terminal.
Currently <code>GNAT.Expect.TTY</code> is implemented on all native GNAT
ports except for OpenVMS. It is not implemented for cross ports, and
in particular is not implemented for VxWorks or LynxOS.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Expect.TTY (g-exptty.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.72 <code>GNAT.Float_Control</code> (<samp>g-flocon.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Floating_002dPoint-Processor"></a>

<p>Provides an interface for resetting the floating-point processor into the
mode required for correct semantic operation in Ada.  Some third party
library calls may cause this mode to be modified, and the Reset procedure
in this package can be used to reestablish the required mode.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.73 <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort</code> (<samp>g-heasor.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sorting-3"></a>

<p>Provides a general implementation of heap sort usable for sorting arbitrary
data items. Exchange and comparison procedures are provided by passing
access-to-procedure values.  The algorithm used is a modified heap sort
that performs approximately N*log(N) comparisons in the worst case.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.74 <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort_A</code> (<samp>g-hesora.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sorting-4"></a>

<p>Provides a general implementation of heap sort usable for sorting arbitrary
data items. Move and comparison procedures are provided by passing
access-to-procedure values.  The algorithm used is a modified heap sort
that performs approximately N*log(N) comparisons in the worst case.
This differs from <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort</code> in having a less convenient
interface, but may be slightly more efficient.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.75 <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort_G</code> (<samp>g-hesorg.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sorting-5"></a>

<p>Similar to <code>Heap_Sort_A</code> except that the move and sorting procedures
are provided as generic parameters, this improves efficiency, especially
if the procedures can be inlined, at the expense of duplicating code for
multiple instantiations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.76 <code>GNAT.HTable</code> (<samp>g-htable.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Hash-tables-1"></a>

<p>A generic implementation of hash tables that can be used to hash arbitrary
data.  Provides two approaches, one a simple static approach, and the other
allowing arbitrary dynamic hash tables.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.77 <code>GNAT.IO</code> (<samp>g-io.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Simple-I_002fO"></a>
<a name="index-Input_002fOutput-facilities"></a>

<p>A simple preelaborable input-output package that provides a subset of
simple Text_IO functions for reading characters and strings from
Standard_Input, and writing characters, strings and integers to either
Standard_Output or Standard_Error.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.78 <code>GNAT.IO_Aux</code> (<samp>g-io_aux.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Text_005fIO"></a>
<a name="index-Input_002fOutput-facilities-1"></a>

<p>Provides some auxiliary functions for use with Text_IO, including a test
for whether a file exists, and functions for reading a line of text.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.79 <code>GNAT.Lock_Files</code> (<samp>g-locfil.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-File-locking"></a>
<a name="index-Locking-using-files"></a>

<p>Provides a general interface for using files as locks.  Can be used for
providing program level synchronization.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.80 <code>GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random</code> (<samp>g-mbdira.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Random-number-generation-1"></a>

<p>The original implementation of <code>Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random</code>.  Uses
a modified version of the Blum-Blum-Shub generator.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.81 <code>GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random</code> (<samp>g-mbflra.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Random-number-generation-2"></a>

<p>The original implementation of <code>Ada.Numerics.Float_Random</code>.  Uses
a modified version of the Blum-Blum-Shub generator.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.82 <code>GNAT.MD5</code> (<samp>g-md5.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Message-Digest-MD5"></a>

<p>Implements the MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm as described in RFC 1321.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.83 <code>GNAT.Memory_Dump</code> (<samp>g-memdum.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Dump-Memory"></a>

<p>Provides a convenient routine for dumping raw memory to either the
standard output or standard error files. Uses GNAT.IO for actual
output.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.84 <code>GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception</code> (<samp>g-moreex.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Exception_002c-obtaining-most-recent"></a>

<p>Provides access to the most recently raised exception.  Can be used for
various logging purposes, including duplicating functionality of some
Ada 83 implementation dependent extensions.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.85 <code>GNAT.OS_Lib</code> (<samp>g-os_lib.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Operating-System-interface"></a>
<a name="index-Spawn-capability"></a>

<p>Provides a range of target independent operating system interface functions,
including time/date management, file operations, subprocess management,
including a portable spawn procedure, and access to environment variables
and error return codes.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.86 <code>GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators</code> (<samp>g-pehage.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Hash-functions"></a>

<p>Provides a generator of static minimal perfect hash functions. No
collisions occur and each item can be retrieved from the table in one
probe (perfect property). The hash table size corresponds to the exact
size of the key set and no larger (minimal property). The key set has to
be know in advance (static property). The hash functions are also order
preserving. If w2 is inserted after w1 in the generator, their
hashcode are in the same order. These hashing functions are very
convenient for use with realtime applications.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.87 <code>GNAT.Random_Numbers</code> (<samp>g-rannum.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Random-number-generation-3"></a>

<p>Provides random number capabilities which extend those available in the
standard Ada library and are more convenient to use.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.88 <code>GNAT.Regexp</code> (<samp>g-regexp.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Regular-expressions"></a>
<a name="index-Pattern-matching"></a>

<p>A simple implementation of regular expressions, using a subset of regular
expression syntax copied from familiar Unix style utilities.  This is the
simples of the three pattern matching packages provided, and is particularly
suitable for &ldquo;file globbing&rdquo; applications.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.89 <code>GNAT.Registry</code> (<samp>g-regist.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Windows-Registry"></a>

<p>This is a high level binding to the Windows registry.  It is possible to
do simple things like reading a key value, creating a new key.  For full
registry API, but at a lower level of abstraction, refer to the Win32.Winreg
package provided with the Win32Ada binding
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.90 <code>GNAT.Regpat</code> (<samp>g-regpat.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Regular-expressions-1"></a>
<a name="index-Pattern-matching-1"></a>

<p>A complete implementation of Unix-style regular expression matching, copied
from the original V7 style regular expression library written in C by
Henry Spencer (and binary compatible with this C library).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.91 <code>GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info</code> (<samp>g-sestin.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Secondary-Stack-Info"></a>

<p>Provide the capability to query the high water mark of the current task&rsquo;s
secondary stack.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.92 <code>GNAT.Semaphores</code> (<samp>g-semaph.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Semaphores"></a>

<p>Provides classic counting and binary semaphores using protected types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.93 <code>GNAT.Serial_Communications</code> (<samp>g-sercom.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Serial_005fCommunications"></a>

<p>Provides a simple interface to send and receive data over a serial
port. This is only supported on GNU/Linux and Windows.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.94 <code>GNAT.SHA1</code> (<samp>g-sha1.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d1"></a>

<p>Implements the SHA-1 Secure Hash Algorithm as described in FIPS PUB 180-3
and RFC 3174.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.95 <code>GNAT.SHA224</code> (<samp>g-sha224.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d224"></a>

<p>Implements the SHA-224 Secure Hash Algorithm as described in FIPS PUB 180-3.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.96 <code>GNAT.SHA256</code> (<samp>g-sha256.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d256"></a>

<p>Implements the SHA-256 Secure Hash Algorithm as described in FIPS PUB 180-3.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.97 <code>GNAT.SHA384</code> (<samp>g-sha384.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d384"></a>

<p>Implements the SHA-384 Secure Hash Algorithm as described in FIPS PUB 180-3.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.98 <code>GNAT.SHA512</code> (<samp>g-sha512.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d512"></a>

<p>Implements the SHA-512 Secure Hash Algorithm as described in FIPS PUB 180-3.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.99 <code>GNAT.Signals</code> (<samp>g-signal.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Signals"></a>

<p>Provides the ability to manipulate the blocked status of signals on supported
targets.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.100 <code>GNAT.Sockets</code> (<samp>g-socket.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sockets"></a>

<p>A high level and portable interface to develop sockets based applications.
This package is based on the sockets thin binding found in
<code>GNAT.Sockets.Thin</code>. Currently <code>GNAT.Sockets</code> is implemented
on all native GNAT ports except for OpenVMS.  It is not implemented
for the LynxOS&nbsp;cross port.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.101 <code>GNAT.Source_Info</code> (<samp>g-souinf.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Source-Information"></a>

<p>Provides subprograms that give access to source code information known at
compile time, such as the current file name and line number.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.102 <code>GNAT.Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-speche.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Spell-checking"></a>

<p>Provides a function for determining whether one string is a plausible
near misspelling of another string.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.103 <code>GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic</code> (<samp>g-spchge.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Spell-checking-1"></a>

<p>Provides a generic function that can be instantiated with a string type for
determining whether one string is a plausible near misspelling of another
string.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.104 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns</code> (<samp>g-spipat.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-SPITBOL-pattern-matching"></a>
<a name="index-Pattern-matching-2"></a>

<p>A complete implementation of SNOBOL4 style pattern matching.  This is the
most elaborate of the pattern matching packages provided.  It fully duplicates
the SNOBOL4 dynamic pattern construction and matching capabilities, using the
efficient algorithm developed by Robert Dewar for the SPITBOL system.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.105 <code>GNAT.Spitbol</code> (<samp>g-spitbo.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-SPITBOL-interface"></a>

<p>The top level package of the collection of SPITBOL-style functionality, this
package provides basic SNOBOL4 string manipulation functions, such as
Pad, Reverse, Trim, Substr capability, as well as a generic table function
useful for constructing arbitrary mappings from strings in the style of
the SNOBOL4 TABLE function.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.106 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean</code> (<samp>g-sptabo.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Sets-of-strings"></a>
<a name="index-SPITBOL-Tables"></a>

<p>A library level of instantiation of <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns.Table</code>
for type <code>Standard.Boolean</code>, giving an implementation of sets of
string values.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.107 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer</code> (<samp>g-sptain.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Integer-maps"></a>
<a name="index-Maps"></a>
<a name="index-SPITBOL-Tables-1"></a>

<p>A library level of instantiation of <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns.Table</code>
for type <code>Standard.Integer</code>, giving an implementation of maps
from string to integer values.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SSE (g-sse.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.108 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString</code> (<samp>g-sptavs.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-String-maps"></a>
<a name="index-Maps-1"></a>
<a name="index-SPITBOL-Tables-2"></a>

<p>A library level of instantiation of <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns.Table</code> for
a variable length string type, giving an implementation of general
maps from strings to strings.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types (g-ssvety.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.109 <code>GNAT.SSE</code> (<samp>g-sse.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>Root of a set of units aimed at offering Ada bindings to a subset of
the Intel(r) Streaming SIMD Extensions with GNAT on the x86 family of
targets.  It exposes vector component types together with a general
introduction to the binding contents and use.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Strings (g-string.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SSE (g-sse.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.110 <code>GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types</code> (<samp>g-ssvety.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>SSE vector types for use with SSE related intrinsics.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types (g-ssvety.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.111 <code>GNAT.Strings</code> (<samp>g-string.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>Common String access types and related subprograms. Basically it
defines a string access and an array of string access types.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Strings (g-string.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.112 <code>GNAT.String_Split</code> (<samp>g-strspl.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-String-splitter"></a>

<p>Useful string manipulation routines: given a set of separators, split
a string wherever the separators appear, and provide direct access
to the resulting slices. This package is instantiated from
<code>GNAT.Array_Split</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.113 <code>GNAT.Table</code> (<samp>g-table.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Table-implementation-1"></a>
<a name="index-Arrays_002c-extendable-1"></a>

<p>A generic package providing a single dimension array abstraction where the
length of the array can be dynamically modified.
</p>
<p>This package provides a facility similar to that of <code>GNAT.Dynamic_Tables</code>,
except that this package declares a single instance of the table type,
while an instantiation of <code>GNAT.Dynamic_Tables</code> creates a type that can be
used to define dynamic instances of the table.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.114 <code>GNAT.Task_Lock</code> (<samp>g-tasloc.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Task-synchronization"></a>
<a name="index-Task-locking"></a>
<a name="index-Locking"></a>

<p>A very simple facility for locking and unlocking sections of code using a
single global task lock.  Appropriate for use in situations where contention
between tasks is very rarely expected.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.115 <code>GNAT.Time_Stamp</code> (<samp>g-timsta.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Time-stamp"></a>
<a name="index-Current-time"></a>

<p>Provides a simple function that returns a string YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SS that
represents the current date and time in ISO 8601 format. This is a very simple
routine with minimal code and there are no dependencies on any other unit.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.116 <code>GNAT.Threads</code> (<samp>g-thread.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Foreign-threads"></a>
<a name="index-Threads_002c-foreign"></a>

<p>Provides facilities for dealing with foreign threads which need to be known
by the GNAT run-time system. Consult the documentation of this package for
further details if your program has threads that are created by a non-Ada
environment which then accesses Ada code.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.117 <code>GNAT.Traceback</code> (<samp>g-traceb.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Trace-back-facilities"></a>

<p>Provides a facility for obtaining non-symbolic traceback information, useful
in various debugging situations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.118 <code>GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic</code> (<samp>g-trasym.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Trace-back-facilities-1"></a>

<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.119 <code>GNAT.UTF_32</code> (<samp>g-table.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-character-codes"></a>

<p>This is a package intended to be used in conjunction with the
<code>Wide_Character</code> type in Ada 95 and the
<code>Wide_Wide_Character</code> type in Ada 2005 (available
in <code>GNAT</code> in Ada 2005 mode). This package contains
Unicode categorization routines, as well as lexical
categorization routines corresponding to the Ada 2005
lexical rules for identifiers and strings, and also a
lower case to upper case fold routine corresponding to
the Ada 2005 rules for identifier equivalence.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.120 <code>GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-u3spch.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Spell-checking-2"></a>

<p>Provides a function for determining whether one wide wide string is a plausible
near misspelling of another wide wide string, where the strings are represented
using the UTF_32_String type defined in System.Wch_Cnv.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.121 <code>GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-wispch.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Spell-checking-3"></a>

<p>Provides a function for determining whether one wide string is a plausible
near misspelling of another wide string.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.122 <code>GNAT.Wide_String_Split</code> (<samp>g-wistsp.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Wide_005fString-splitter"></a>

<p>Useful wide string manipulation routines: given a set of separators, split
a wide string wherever the separators appear, and provide direct access
to the resulting slices. This package is instantiated from
<code>GNAT.Array_Split</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.123 <code>GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-zspche.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Spell-checking-4"></a>

<p>Provides a function for determining whether one wide wide string is a plausible
near misspelling of another wide wide string.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfaces.C.Extensions (i-cexten.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.124 <code>GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split</code> (<samp>g-zistsp.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Wide_005fWide_005fString-splitter"></a>

<p>Useful wide wide string manipulation routines: given a set of separators, split
a wide wide string wherever the separators appear, and provide direct access
to the resulting slices. This package is instantiated from
<code>GNAT.Array_Split</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.125 <code>Interfaces.C.Extensions</code> (<samp>i-cexten.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>This package contains additional C-related definitions, intended
for use with either manually or automatically generated bindings
to C libraries.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfaces.C.Extensions (i-cexten.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.126 <code>Interfaces.C.Streams</code> (<samp>i-cstrea.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C-streams_002c-interfacing"></a>

<p>This package is a binding for the most commonly used operations
on C streams.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.127 <code>Interfaces.CPP</code> (<samp>i-cpp.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-C_002b_002b-interfacing"></a>
<a name="index-Interfacing_002c-to-C_002b_002b"></a>

<p>This package provides facilities for use in interfacing to C++.  It
is primarily intended to be used in connection with automated tools
for the generation of C++ interfaces.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.128 <code>Interfaces.Packed_Decimal</code> (<samp>i-pacdec.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-IBM-Packed-Format"></a>
<a name="index-Packed-Decimal"></a>

<p>This package provides a set of routines for conversions to and
from a packed decimal format compatible with that used on IBM
mainframes.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.129 <code>Interfaces.VxWorks</code> (<samp>i-vxwork.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Interfacing-to-VxWorks"></a>
<a name="index-VxWorks_002c-interfacing"></a>

<p>This package provides a limited binding to the VxWorks API.
In particular, it interfaces with the
VxWorks hardware interrupt facilities.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.130 <code>Interfaces.VxWorks.IO</code> (<samp>i-vxwoio.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Interfacing-to-VxWorks_0027-I_002fO"></a>
<a name="index-VxWorks_002c-I_002fO-interfacing"></a>
<a name="index-VxWorks_002c-Get_005fImmediate"></a>
<a name="index-Get_005fImmediate_002c-VxWorks"></a>

<p>This package provides a binding to the ioctl (IO/Control)
function of VxWorks, defining a set of option values and
function codes. A particular use of this package is
to enable the use of Get_Immediate under VxWorks.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.131 <code>System.Address_Image</code> (<samp>s-addima.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Address-image"></a>
<a name="index-Image_002c-of-an-address"></a>

<p>This function provides a useful debugging
function that gives an (implementation dependent)
string which identifies an address.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Memory (s-memory.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.132 <code>System.Assertions</code> (<samp>s-assert.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Assertions-1"></a>
<a name="index-Assert_005fFailure_002c-exception"></a>

<p>This package provides the declaration of the exception raised
by an run-time assertion failure, as well as the routine that
is used internally to raise this assertion.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.133 <code>System.Memory</code> (<samp>s-memory.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Memory-allocation"></a>

<p>This package provides the interface to the low level routines used
by the generated code for allocation and freeing storage for the
default storage pool (analogous to the C routines malloc and free.
It also provides a reallocation interface analogous to the C routine
realloc. The body of this unit may be modified to provide alternative
allocation mechanisms for the default pool, and in addition, direct
calls to this unit may be made for low level allocation uses (for
example see the body of <code>GNAT.Tables</code>).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Memory (s-memory.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.134 <code>System.Partition_Interface</code> (<samp>s-parint.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Partition-interfacing-functions"></a>

<p>This package provides facilities for partition interfacing.  It
is used primarily in a distribution context when using Annex E
with <code>GLADE</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.135 <code>System.Pool_Global</code> (<samp>s-pooglo.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Storage-pool_002c-global"></a>
<a name="index-Global-storage-pool"></a>

<p>This package provides a storage pool that is equivalent to the default
storage pool used for access types for which no pool is specifically
declared. It uses malloc/free to allocate/free and does not attempt to
do any automatic reclamation.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.136 <code>System.Pool_Local</code> (<samp>s-pooloc.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Storage-pool_002c-local"></a>
<a name="index-Local-storage-pool"></a>

<p>This package provides a storage pool that is intended for use with locally
defined access types. It uses malloc/free for allocate/free, and maintains
a list of allocated blocks, so that all storage allocated for the pool can
be freed automatically when the pool is finalized.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Rident (s-rident.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.137 <code>System.Restrictions</code> (<samp>s-restri.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Run_002dtime-restrictions-access"></a>

<p>This package provides facilities for accessing at run time
the status of restrictions specified at compile time for
the partition. Information is available both with regard
to actual restrictions specified, and with regard to
compiler determined information on which restrictions
are violated by one or more packages in the partition.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.138 <code>System.Rident</code> (<samp>s-rident.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Restrictions-definitions"></a>

<p>This package provides definitions of the restrictions
identifiers supported by GNAT, and also the format of
the restrictions provided in package System.Restrictions.
It is not normally necessary to <code>with</code> this generic package
since the necessary instantiation is included in
package System.Restrictions.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Rident (s-rident.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.139 <code>System.Strings.Stream_Ops</code> (<samp>s-ststop.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Stream-operations"></a>
<a name="index-String-stream-operations"></a>

<p>This package provides a set of stream subprograms for standard string types.
It is intended primarily to support implicit use of such subprograms when
stream attributes are applied to string types, but the subprograms in this
package can be used directly by application programs.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.140 <code>System.Task_Info</code> (<samp>s-tasinf.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Task_005fInfo-pragma"></a>

<p>This package provides target dependent functionality that is used
to support the <code>Task_Info</code> pragma
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">System.Wch_Con (s-wchcon.ads)</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.141 <code>System.Wch_Cnv</code> (<samp>s-wchcnv.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-Character_002c-Representation"></a>
<a name="index-Wide-String_002c-Conversion"></a>
<a name="index-Representation-of-wide-characters"></a>

<p>This package provides routines for converting between
wide and wide wide characters and a representation as a value of type
<code>Standard.String</code>, using a specified wide character
encoding method.  It uses definitions in
package <code>System.Wch_Con</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Text_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text_IO Stream Pointer Positioning</a>, Previous: <a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a>, Up: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="u" rel="up">The GNAT Library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.142 <code>System.Wch_Con</code> (<samp>s-wchcon.ads</samp>)</h3>
<a name="index-System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029"></a>

<p>This package provides definitions and descriptions of
the various methods used for encoding wide characters
in ordinary strings.  These definitions are used by
the package <code>System.Wch_Cnv</code>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-Other-Languages"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Specialized-Needs-Annexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Specialized Needs Annexes</a>, Previous: <a href="#The-GNAT-Library" accesskey="p" rel="prev">The GNAT Library</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-Other-Languages-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">11 Interfacing to Other Languages</h2>
<p>The facilities in annex B of the Ada Reference Manual are fully
implemented in GNAT, and in addition, a full interface to C++ is
provided.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-C" accesskey="1">Interfacing to C</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b" accesskey="2">Interfacing to C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-COBOL" accesskey="3">Interfacing to COBOL</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-Fortran" accesskey="4">Interfacing to Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code" accesskey="5">Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-C"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to C++</a>, Previous: <a href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Wide_Wide_Text_IO Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interfacing to Other Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-C-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.1 Interfacing to C</h3>

<p>Interfacing to C with GNAT can use one of two approaches:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The types in the package <code>Interfaces.C</code> may be used.
</li><li> Standard Ada types may be used directly.  This may be less portable to
other compilers, but will work on all GNAT compilers, which guarantee
correspondence between the C and Ada types.
</li></ul>

<p>Pragma <code>Convention C</code> may be applied to Ada types, but mostly has no
effect, since this is the default.  The following table shows the
correspondence between Ada scalar types and the corresponding C types.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>int</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>short</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Short_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>signed char</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>long</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Integer</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>long long</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Short_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>float</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>float</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>double</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>Long_Long_Float</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is the longest floating-point type supported by the hardware.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>Additionally, there are the following general correspondences between Ada
and C types:
</p><ul>
<li> Ada enumeration types map to C enumeration types directly if pragma
<code>Convention C</code> is specified, which causes them to have int
length.  Without pragma <code>Convention C</code>, Ada enumeration types map to
8, 16, or 32 bits (i.e. C types <code>signed char</code>, <code>short</code>,
<code>int</code>, respectively) depending on the number of values passed.
This is the only case in which pragma <code>Convention C</code> affects the
representation of an Ada type.

</li><li> Ada access types map to C pointers, except for the case of pointers to
unconstrained types in Ada, which have no direct C equivalent.

</li><li> Ada arrays map directly to C arrays.

</li><li> Ada records map directly to C structures.

</li><li> Packed Ada records map to C structures where all members are bit fields
of the length corresponding to the <code><var>type</var>'Size</code> value in Ada.
</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-COBOL" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to COBOL</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-C" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to C</a>, Up: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interfacing to Other Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.2 Interfacing to C++</h3>

<p>The interface to C++ makes use of the following pragmas, which are
primarily intended to be constructed automatically using a binding generator
tool, although it is possible to construct them by hand.
</p>
<p>Using these pragmas it is possible to achieve complete
inter-operability between Ada tagged types and C++ class definitions.
See <a href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas">Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>, for more details.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>pragma CPP_Class ([Entity =&gt;] <var>LOCAL_NAME</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>The argument denotes an entity in the current declarative region that is
declared as a tagged or untagged record type. It indicates that the type
corresponds to an externally declared C++ class type, and is to be laid
out the same way that C++ would lay out the type.
</p>
<p>Note: Pragma <code>CPP_Class</code> is currently obsolete. It is supported
for backward compatibility but its functionality is available
using pragma <code>Import</code> with <code>Convention</code> = <code>CPP</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pragma CPP_Constructor ([Entity =&gt;] <var>LOCAL_NAME</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>This pragma identifies an imported function (imported in the usual way
with pragma <code>Import</code>) as corresponding to a C++ constructor.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>A few restrictions are placed on the use of the <code>Access</code> attribute
in conjunction with subprograms subject to convention <code>CPP</code>: the
attribute may be used neither on primitive operations of a tagged
record type with convention <code>CPP</code>, imported or not, nor on
subprograms imported with pragma <code>CPP_Constructor</code>.
</p>
<p>In addition, C++ exceptions are propagated and can be handled in an
<code>others</code> choice of an exception handler. The corresponding Ada
occurrence has no message, and the simple name of the exception identity
contains &lsquo;<samp>Foreign_Exception</samp>&rsquo;. Finalization and awaiting dependent
tasks works properly when such foreign exceptions are propagated.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-COBOL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Fortran" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to Fortran</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to C++</a>, Up: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interfacing to Other Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-COBOL-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.3 Interfacing to COBOL</h3>

<p>Interfacing to COBOL is achieved as described in section B.4 of
the Ada Reference Manual.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-Fortran"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-COBOL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to COBOL</a>, Up: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interfacing to Other Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-Fortran-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.4 Interfacing to Fortran</h3>

<p>Interfacing to Fortran is achieved as described in section B.5 of the
Ada Reference Manual.  The pragma <code>Convention Fortran</code>, applied to a
multi-dimensional array causes the array to be stored in column-major
order as required for convenient interface to Fortran.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Machine Code Insertions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Fortran" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interfacing to Other Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.5 Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code</h3>

<p>It is possible to specify the convention <code>Ada</code> in a pragma
<code>Import</code> or pragma <code>Export</code>.  However this refers to
the calling conventions used by GNAT, which may or may not be
similar enough to those used by some other Ada 83 / Ada 95 / Ada 2005
compiler to allow interoperation.
</p>
<p>If arguments types are kept simple, and if the foreign compiler generally
follows system calling conventions, then it may be possible to integrate
files compiled by other Ada compilers, provided that the elaboration
issues are adequately addressed (for example by eliminating the
need for any load time elaboration).
</p>
<p>In particular, GNAT running on VMS is designed to
be highly compatible with the DEC Ada 83 compiler, so this is one
case in which it is possible to import foreign units of this type,
provided that the data items passed are restricted to simple scalar
values or simple record types without variants, or simple array
types with fixed bounds.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Specialized-Needs-Annexes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to Other Languages</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Specialized-Needs-Annexes-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">12 Specialized Needs Annexes</h2>

<p>Ada 95 and Ada 2005 define a number of Specialized Needs Annexes, which are not
required in all implementations.  However, as described in this chapter,
GNAT implements all of these annexes:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Systems Programming (Annex C)</dt>
<dd><p>The Systems Programming Annex is fully implemented.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Real-Time Systems (Annex D)</dt>
<dd><p>The Real-Time Systems Annex is fully implemented.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Distributed Systems (Annex E)</dt>
<dd><p>Stub generation is fully implemented in the GNAT compiler.  In addition,
a complete compatible PCS is available as part of the GLADE system,
a separate product.  When the two
products are used in conjunction, this annex is fully implemented.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Information Systems (Annex F)</dt>
<dd><p>The Information Systems annex is fully implemented.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Numerics (Annex G)</dt>
<dd><p>The Numerics Annex is fully implemented.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Safety and Security / High-Integrity Systems (Annex H)</dt>
<dd><p>The Safety and Security Annex (termed the High-Integrity Systems Annex
in Ada 2005) is fully implemented.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a>, Previous: <a href="#Specialized-Needs-Annexes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Specialized Needs Annexes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">13 Implementation of Specific Ada Features</h2>

<p>This chapter describes the GNAT implementation of several Ada language
facilities.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions" accesskey="1">Machine Code Insertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking" accesskey="2">GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages" accesskey="3">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="4">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants" accesskey="5">The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual" accesskey="6">Strict Conformance to the Ada Reference Manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Machine-Code-Insertions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Machine-Code-Insertions-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.1 Machine Code Insertions</h3>
<a name="index-Machine-Code-insertions"></a>

<p>Package <code>Machine_Code</code> provides machine code support as described
in the Ada Reference Manual in two separate forms:
</p><ul>
<li> Machine code statements, consisting of qualified expressions that
fit the requirements of RM section 13.8.
</li><li> An intrinsic callable procedure, providing an alternative mechanism of
including machine instructions in a subprogram.
</li></ul>

<p>The two features are similar, and both are closely related to the mechanism
provided by the asm instruction in the GNU C compiler.  Full understanding
and use of the facilities in this package requires understanding the asm
instruction, see <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Extended-Asm.html#Extended-Asm">Assembler Instructions with C Expression
Operands</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>.
</p>
<p>Calls to the function <code>Asm</code> and the procedure <code>Asm</code> have identical
semantic restrictions and effects as described below.  Both are provided so
that the procedure call can be used as a statement, and the function call
can be used to form a code_statement.
</p>
<p>The first example given in the GCC documentation is the C <code>asm</code>
instruction:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   asm (&quot;fsinx %1 %0&quot; : &quot;=f&quot; (result) : &quot;f&quot; (angle));
</pre></div>

<p>The equivalent can be written for GNAT as:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Asm (&quot;fsinx %1 %0&quot;,
     My_Float'Asm_Output (&quot;=f&quot;, result),
     My_Float'Asm_Input  (&quot;f&quot;,  angle));
</pre></div>

<p>The first argument to <code>Asm</code> is the assembler template, and is
identical to what is used in GNU C.  This string must be a static
expression.  The second argument is the output operand list.  It is
either a single <code>Asm_Output</code> attribute reference, or a list of such
references enclosed in parentheses (technically an array aggregate of
such references).
</p>
<p>The <code>Asm_Output</code> attribute denotes a function that takes two
parameters.  The first is a string, the second is the name of a variable
of the type designated by the attribute prefix.  The first (string)
argument is required to be a static expression and designates the
constraint for the parameter (e.g. what kind of register is
required).  The second argument is the variable to be updated with the
result.  The possible values for constraint are the same as those used in
the RTL, and are dependent on the configuration file used to build the
GCC back end.  If there are no output operands, then this argument may
either be omitted, or explicitly given as <code>No_Output_Operands</code>.
</p>
<p>The second argument of <code><var>my_float</var>'Asm_Output</code> functions as
though it were an <code>out</code> parameter, which is a little curious, but
all names have the form of expressions, so there is no syntactic
irregularity, even though normally functions would not be permitted
<code>out</code> parameters.  The third argument is the list of input
operands.  It is either a single <code>Asm_Input</code> attribute reference, or
a list of such references enclosed in parentheses (technically an array
aggregate of such references).
</p>
<p>The <code>Asm_Input</code> attribute denotes a function that takes two
parameters.  The first is a string, the second is an expression of the
type designated by the prefix.  The first (string) argument is required
to be a static expression, and is the constraint for the parameter,
(e.g. what kind of register is required).  The second argument is the
value to be used as the input argument.  The possible values for the
constant are the same as those used in the RTL, and are dependent on
the configuration file used to built the GCC back end.
</p>
<p>If there are no input operands, this argument may either be omitted, or
explicitly given as <code>No_Input_Operands</code>.  The fourth argument, not
present in the above example, is a list of register names, called the
<em>clobber</em> argument.  This argument, if given, must be a static string
expression, and is a space or comma separated list of names of registers
that must be considered destroyed as a result of the <code>Asm</code> call.  If
this argument is the null string (the default value), then the code
generator assumes that no additional registers are destroyed.
</p>
<p>The fifth argument, not present in the above example, called the
<em>volatile</em> argument, is by default <code>False</code>.  It can be set to
the literal value <code>True</code> to indicate to the code generator that all
optimizations with respect to the instruction specified should be
suppressed, and that in particular, for an instruction that has outputs,
the instruction will still be generated, even if none of the outputs are
used.  See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Extended-Asm.html#Extended-Asm">Assembler Instructions with C Expression Operands</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>, for the full description.
Generally it is strongly advisable to use Volatile for any ASM statement
that is missing either input or output operands, or when two or more ASM
statements appear in sequence, to avoid unwanted optimizations. A warning
is generated if this advice is not followed.
</p>
<p>The <code>Asm</code> subprograms may be used in two ways.  First the procedure
forms can be used anywhere a procedure call would be valid, and
correspond to what the RM calls &ldquo;intrinsic&rdquo; routines.  Such calls can
be used to intersperse machine instructions with other Ada statements.
Second, the function forms, which return a dummy value of the limited
private type <code>Asm_Insn</code>, can be used in code statements, and indeed
this is the only context where such calls are allowed.  Code statements
appear as aggregates of the form:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Asm_Insn'(Asm (&hellip;));
Asm_Insn'(Asm_Volatile (&hellip;));
</pre></div>

<p>In accordance with RM rules, such code statements are allowed only
within subprograms whose entire body consists of such statements.  It is
not permissible to intermix such statements with other Ada statements.
</p>
<p>Typically the form using intrinsic procedure calls is more convenient
and more flexible.  The code statement form is provided to meet the RM
suggestion that such a facility should be made available.  The following
is the exact syntax of the call to <code>Asm</code>. As usual, if named notation
is used, the arguments may be given in arbitrary order, following the
normal rules for use of positional and named arguments)
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">ASM_CALL ::= Asm (
                 [Template =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION
               [,[Outputs  =&gt;] OUTPUT_OPERAND_LIST      ]
               [,[Inputs   =&gt;] INPUT_OPERAND_LIST       ]
               [,[Clobber  =&gt;] static_string_EXPRESSION ]
               [,[Volatile =&gt;] static_boolean_EXPRESSION] )

OUTPUT_OPERAND_LIST ::=
  [PREFIX.]No_Output_Operands
| OUTPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE
| (OUTPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE {,OUTPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE})

OUTPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE ::=
  SUBTYPE_MARK'Asm_Output (static_string_EXPRESSION, NAME)

INPUT_OPERAND_LIST ::=
  [PREFIX.]No_Input_Operands
| INPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE
| (INPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE {,INPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE})

INPUT_OPERAND_ATTRIBUTE ::=
  SUBTYPE_MARK'Asm_Input (static_string_EXPRESSION, EXPRESSION)
</pre></div>

<p>The identifiers <code>No_Input_Operands</code> and <code>No_Output_Operands</code>
are declared in the package <code>Machine_Code</code> and must be referenced
according to normal visibility rules. In particular if there is no
<code>use</code> clause for this package, then appropriate package name
qualification is required.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a>, Previous: <a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Machine Code Insertions</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.2 GNAT Implementation of Tasking</h3>

<p>This chapter outlines the basic GNAT approach to tasking (in particular,
a multi-layered library for portability) and discusses issues related
to compliance with the Real-Time Systems Annex.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads" accesskey="1">Mapping Ada Tasks onto the Underlying Kernel Threads</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex" accesskey="2">Ensuring Compliance with the Real-Time Annex</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ensuring Compliance with the Real-Time Annex</a>, Up: <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking" accesskey="u" rel="up">GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.2.1 Mapping Ada Tasks onto the Underlying Kernel Threads</h4>

<p>GNAT&rsquo;s run-time support comprises two layers:
</p>
<ul>
<li> GNARL (GNAT Run-time Layer)
</li><li> GNULL (GNAT Low-level Library)
</li></ul>

<p>In GNAT, Ada&rsquo;s tasking services rely on a platform and OS independent
layer known as GNARL.  This code is responsible for implementing the
correct semantics of Ada&rsquo;s task creation, rendezvous, protected
operations etc.
</p>
<p>GNARL decomposes Ada&rsquo;s tasking semantics into simpler lower level
operations such as create a thread, set the priority of a thread,
yield, create a lock, lock/unlock, etc.  The spec for these low-level
operations constitutes GNULLI, the GNULL Interface.  This interface is
directly inspired from the POSIX real-time API.
</p>
<p>If the underlying executive or OS implements the POSIX standard
faithfully, the GNULL Interface maps as is to the services offered by
the underlying kernel.  Otherwise, some target dependent glue code maps
the services offered by the underlying kernel to the semantics expected
by GNARL.
</p>
<p>Whatever the underlying OS (VxWorks, UNIX, Windows, etc.) the
key point is that each Ada task is mapped on a thread in the underlying
kernel.  For example, in the case of VxWorks, one Ada task = one VxWorks task.
</p>
<p>In addition Ada task priorities map onto the underlying thread priorities.
Mapping Ada tasks onto the underlying kernel threads has several advantages:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The underlying scheduler is used to schedule the Ada tasks.  This
makes Ada tasks as efficient as kernel threads from a scheduling
standpoint.

</li><li> Interaction with code written in C containing threads is eased
since at the lowest level Ada tasks and C threads map onto the same
underlying kernel concept.

</li><li> When an Ada task is blocked during I/O the remaining Ada tasks are
able to proceed.

</li><li> On multiprocessor systems Ada tasks can execute in parallel.
</li></ul>

<p>Some threads libraries offer a mechanism to fork a new process, with the
child process duplicating the threads from the parent.
GNAT does not
support this functionality when the parent contains more than one task.
<a name="index-Forking-a-new-process"></a>
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mapping Ada Tasks onto the Underlying Kernel Threads</a>, Up: <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking" accesskey="u" rel="up">GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.2.2 Ensuring Compliance with the Real-Time Annex</h4>
<a name="index-Real_002dTime-Systems-Annex-compliance"></a>

<p>Although mapping Ada tasks onto
the underlying threads has significant advantages, it does create some
complications when it comes to respecting the scheduling semantics
specified in the real-time annex (Annex D).
</p>
<p>For instance the Annex D requirement for the <code>FIFO_Within_Priorities</code>
scheduling policy states:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>When the active priority of a ready task that is not running
changes, or the setting of its base priority takes effect, the
task is removed from the ready queue for its old active priority
and is added at the tail of the ready queue for its new active
priority, except in the case where the active priority is lowered
due to the loss of inherited priority, in which case the task is
added at the head of the ready queue for its new active priority.</em>
</p></blockquote>

<p>While most kernels do put tasks at the end of the priority queue when
a task changes its priority, (which respects the main
FIFO_Within_Priorities requirement), almost none keep a thread at the
beginning of its priority queue when its priority drops from the loss
of inherited priority.
</p>
<p>As a result most vendors have provided incomplete Annex D implementations.
</p>
<p>The GNAT run-time, has a nice cooperative solution to this problem
which ensures that accurate FIFO_Within_Priorities semantics are
respected.
</p>
<p>The principle is as follows.  When an Ada task T is about to start
running, it checks whether some other Ada task R with the same
priority as T has been suspended due to the loss of priority
inheritance.  If this is the case, T yields and is placed at the end of
its priority queue.  When R arrives at the front of the queue it
executes.
</p>
<p>Note that this simple scheme preserves the relative order of the tasks
that were ready to execute in the priority queue where R has been
placed at the end.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.3 GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</h3>
<a name="index-Shared-passive-packages"></a>

<p>GNAT fully implements the pragma <code>Shared_Passive</code> for
<a name="index-pragma-Shared_005fPassive"></a>
the purpose of designating shared passive packages.
This allows the use of passive partitions in the
context described in the Ada Reference Manual; i.e., for communication
between separate partitions of a distributed application using the
features in Annex E.
<a name="index-Annex-E"></a>
<a name="index-Distribution-Systems-Annex"></a>
</p>
<p>However, the implementation approach used by GNAT provides for more
extensive usage as follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Communication between separate programs</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>This allows separate programs to access the data in passive
partitions, using protected objects for synchronization where
needed. The only requirement is that the two programs have a
common shared file system. It is even possible for programs
running on different machines with different architectures
(e.g. different endianness) to communicate via the data in
a passive partition.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Persistence between program runs</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>The data in a passive package can persist from one run of a
program to another, so that a later program sees the final
values stored by a previous run of the same program.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>The implementation approach used is to store the data in files. A
separate stream file is created for each object in the package, and
an access to an object causes the corresponding file to be read or
written.
</p>
<p>The environment variable <code>SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY</code> should be
<a name="index-SHARED_005fMEMORY_005fDIRECTORY-environment-variable"></a>
set to the directory to be used for these files.
The files in this directory
have names that correspond to their fully qualified names. For
example, if we have the package
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">package X is
  pragma Shared_Passive (X);
  Y : Integer;
  Z : Float;
end X;
</pre></div>

<p>and the environment variable is set to <code>/stemp/</code>, then the files created
will have the names:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">/stemp/x.y
/stemp/x.z
</pre></div>

<p>These files are created when a value is initially written to the object, and
the files are retained until manually deleted. This provides the persistence
semantics. If no file exists, it means that no partition has assigned a value
to the variable; in this case the initial value declared in the package
will be used. This model ensures that there are no issues in synchronizing
the elaboration process, since elaboration of passive packages elaborates the
initial values, but does not create the files.
</p>
<p>The files are written using normal <code>Stream_IO</code> access.
If you want to be able
to communicate between programs or partitions running on different
architectures, then you should use the XDR versions of the stream attribute
routines, since these are architecture independent.
</p>
<p>If active synchronization is required for access to the variables in the
shared passive package, then as described in the Ada Reference Manual, the
package may contain protected objects used for this purpose. In this case
a lock file (whose name is <samp>___lock</samp> (three underscores)
is created in the shared memory directory.
<a name="index-_005f_005f_005flock-file-_0028for-shared-passive-packages_0029"></a>
This is used to provide the required locking
semantics for proper protected object synchronization.
</p>
<p>As of January 2003, GNAT supports shared passive packages on all platforms
except for OpenVMS.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants" accesskey="n" rel="next">The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.4 Code Generation for Array Aggregates</h3>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Static-constant-aggregates-with-static-bounds" accesskey="1">Static constant aggregates with static bounds</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types" accesskey="2">Constant aggregates with unconstrained nominal types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Aggregates-with-static-bounds" accesskey="3">Aggregates with static bounds</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds" accesskey="4">Aggregates with non-static bounds</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Aggregates-in-assignment-statements" accesskey="5">Aggregates in assignment statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<p>Aggregates have a rich syntax and allow the user to specify the values of
complex data structures by means of a single construct.  As a result, the
code generated for aggregates can be quite complex and involve loops, case
statements and multiple assignments.  In the simplest cases, however, the
compiler will recognize aggregates whose components and constraints are
fully static, and in those cases the compiler will generate little or no
executable code.  The following is an outline of the code that GNAT generates
for various aggregate constructs.  For further details, you will find it
useful to examine the output produced by the -gnatG flag to see the expanded
source that is input to the code generator.  You may also want to examine
the assembly code generated at various levels of optimization.
</p>
<p>The code generated for aggregates depends on the context, the component values,
and the type.  In the context of an object declaration the code generated is
generally simpler than in the case of an assignment.  As a general rule, static
component values and static subtypes also lead to simpler code.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Static-constant-aggregates-with-static-bounds"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types" accesskey="n" rel="next">Constant aggregates with unconstrained nominal types</a>, Up: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Static-constant-aggregates-with-static-bounds-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.4.1 Static constant aggregates with static bounds</h4>

<p>For the declarations:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    type One_Dim is array (1..10) of integer;
    ar0 : constant One_Dim := (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0);
</pre></div>

<p>GNAT generates no executable code: the constant ar0 is placed in static memory.
The same is true for constant aggregates with named associations:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    Cr1 : constant One_Dim := (4 =&gt; 16, 2 =&gt; 4, 3 =&gt; 9, 1 =&gt; 1, 5 .. 10 =&gt; 0);
    Cr3 : constant One_Dim := (others =&gt; 7777);
</pre></div>

<p>The same is true for multidimensional constant arrays such as:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    type two_dim is array (1..3, 1..3) of integer;
    Unit : constant two_dim := ( (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1));
</pre></div>

<p>The same is true for arrays of one-dimensional arrays: the following are
static:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type ar1b  is array (1..3) of boolean;
type ar_ar is array (1..3) of ar1b;
None  : constant ar1b := (others =&gt; false);     --  fully static
None2 : constant ar_ar := (1..3 =&gt; None);       --  fully static
</pre></div>

<p>However, for multidimensional aggregates with named associations, GNAT will
generate assignments and loops, even if all associations are static.  The
following two declarations generate a loop for the first dimension, and
individual component assignments for the second dimension:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Zero1: constant two_dim := (1..3 =&gt; (1..3 =&gt; 0));
Zero2: constant two_dim := (others =&gt; (others =&gt; 0));
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Aggregates-with-static-bounds" accesskey="n" rel="next">Aggregates with static bounds</a>, Previous: <a href="#Static-constant-aggregates-with-static-bounds" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Static constant aggregates with static bounds</a>, Up: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.4.2 Constant aggregates with unconstrained nominal types</h4>

<p>In such cases the aggregate itself establishes the subtype, so that
associations with <code>others</code> cannot be used.  GNAT determines the
bounds for the actual subtype of the aggregate, and allocates the
aggregate statically as well.  No code is generated for the following:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    type One_Unc is array (natural range &lt;&gt;) of integer;
    Cr_Unc : constant One_Unc := (12,24,36);
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Aggregates-with-static-bounds"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds" accesskey="n" rel="next">Aggregates with non-static bounds</a>, Previous: <a href="#Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Constant aggregates with unconstrained nominal types</a>, Up: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Aggregates-with-static-bounds-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.4.3 Aggregates with static bounds</h4>

<p>In all previous examples the aggregate was the initial (and immutable) value
of a constant.  If the aggregate initializes a variable, then code is generated
for it as a combination of individual assignments and loops over the target
object.  The declarations
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">       Cr_Var1 : One_Dim := (2, 5, 7, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
       Cr_Var2 : One_Dim := (others &gt; -1);
</pre></div>

<p>generate the equivalent of
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">       Cr_Var1 (1) := 2;
       Cr_Var1 (2) := 3;
       Cr_Var1 (3) := 5;
       Cr_Var1 (4) := 11;

       for I in Cr_Var2'range loop
          Cr_Var2 (I) := -1;
       end loop;
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Aggregates-in-assignment-statements" accesskey="n" rel="next">Aggregates in assignment statements</a>, Previous: <a href="#Aggregates-with-static-bounds" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Aggregates with static bounds</a>, Up: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.4.4 Aggregates with non-static bounds</h4>

<p>If the bounds of the aggregate are not statically compatible with the bounds
of the nominal subtype  of the target, then constraint checks have to be
generated on the bounds.  For a multidimensional array, constraint checks may
have to be applied to sub-arrays individually, if they do not have statically
compatible subtypes.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Aggregates-in-assignment-statements"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Aggregates with non-static bounds</a>, Up: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Aggregates-in-assignment-statements-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">13.4.5 Aggregates in assignment statements</h4>

<p>In general, aggregate assignment requires the construction of a temporary,
and a copy from the temporary to the target of the assignment.  This is because
it is not always possible to convert the assignment into a series of individual
component assignments.  For example, consider the simple case:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        A := (A(2), A(1));
</pre></div>

<p>This cannot be converted into:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        A(1) := A(2);
        A(2) := A(1);
</pre></div>

<p>So the aggregate has to be built first in a separate location, and then
copied into the target.  GNAT recognizes simple cases where this intermediate
step is not required, and the assignments can be performed in place, directly
into the target.  The following sufficient criteria are applied:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The bounds of the aggregate are static, and the associations are static.
</li><li> The components of the aggregate are static constants, names of
simple variables that are not renamings, or expressions not involving
indexed components whose operands obey these rules.
</li></ul>

<p>If any of these conditions are violated, the aggregate will be built in
a temporary (created either by the front-end or the code generator) and then
that temporary will be copied onto the target.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual" accesskey="n" rel="next">Strict Conformance to the Ada Reference Manual</a>, Previous: <a href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.5 The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants</h3>

<p>If a discriminated type <code>T</code> has discriminants with default values, it is
possible to declare an object of this type without providing an explicit
constraint:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Size is range 1..100;

type Rec (D : Size := 15) is record
   Name : String (1..D);
end T;

Word : Rec;
</pre></div>

<p>Such an object is said to be <em>unconstrained</em>.
The discriminant of the object
can be modified by a full assignment to the object, as long as it preserves the
relation between the value of the discriminant, and the value of the components
that depend on it:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">Word := (3, &quot;yes&quot;);

Word := (5, &quot;maybe&quot;);

Word := (5, &quot;no&quot;); -- raises Constraint_Error
</pre></div>

<p>In order to support this behavior efficiently, an unconstrained object is
given the maximum size that any value of the type requires. In the case
above, <code>Word</code> has storage for the discriminant and for
a <code>String</code> of length 100.
It is important to note that unconstrained objects do not require dynamic
allocation. It would be an improper implementation to place on the heap those
components whose size depends on discriminants. (This improper implementation
was used by some Ada83 compilers, where the <code>Name</code> component above
would have
been stored as a pointer to a dynamic string). Following the principle that
dynamic storage management should never be introduced implicitly,
an Ada compiler should reserve the full size for an unconstrained declared
object, and place it on the stack.
</p>
<p>This maximum size approach
has been a source of surprise to some users, who expect the default
values of the discriminants to determine the size reserved for an
unconstrained object: &ldquo;If the default is 15, why should the object occupy
a larger size?&rdquo;
The answer, of course, is that the discriminant may be later modified,
and its full range of values must be taken into account. This is why the
declaration:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">type Rec (D : Positive := 15) is record
   Name : String (1..D);
end record;

Too_Large : Rec;
</pre></div>

<p>is flagged by the compiler with a warning:
an attempt to create <code>Too_Large</code> will raise <code>Storage_Error</code>,
because the required size includes <code>Positive'Last</code>
bytes. As the first example indicates, the proper approach is to declare an
index type of &ldquo;reasonable&rdquo; range so that unconstrained objects are not too
large.
</p>
<p>One final wrinkle: if the object is declared to be <code>aliased</code>, or if it is
created in the heap by means of an allocator, then it is <em>not</em>
unconstrained:
it is constrained by the default values of the discriminants, and those values
cannot be modified by full assignment. This is because in the presence of
aliasing all views of the object (which may be manipulated by different tasks,
say) must be consistent, so it is imperative that the object, once created,
remain invariant.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants" accesskey="p" rel="prev">The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants</a>, Up: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.6 Strict Conformance to the Ada Reference Manual</h3>

<p>The dynamic semantics defined by the Ada Reference Manual impose a set of
run-time checks to be generated. By default, the GNAT compiler will insert many
run-time checks into the compiled code, including most of those required by the
Ada Reference Manual. However, there are three checks that are not enabled
in the default mode for efficiency reasons: arithmetic overflow checking for
integer operations (including division by zero), checks for access before
elaboration on subprogram calls, and stack overflow checking (most operating
systems do not perform this check by default).
</p>
<p>Strict conformance to the Ada Reference Manual can be achieved by adding
three compiler options for overflow checking for integer operations
(<samp>-gnato</samp>), dynamic checks for access-before-elaboration on subprogram
calls and generic instantiations (<samp>-gnatE</samp>), and stack overflow
checking (<samp>-fstack-check</samp>).
</p>
<p>Note that the result of a floating point arithmetic operation in overflow and
invalid situations, when the <code>Machine_Overflows</code> attribute of the result
type is <code>False</code>, is to generate IEEE NaN and infinite values. This is the
case for machines compliant with the IEEE floating-point standard, but on
machines that are not fully compliant with this standard, such as Alpha, the
<samp>-mieee</samp> compiler flag must be used for achieving IEEE confirming
behavior (although at the cost of a significant performance penalty), so
infinite and NaN values are properly generated.
</p>

<hr>
<a name="Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Obsolescent-Features" accesskey="n" rel="next">Obsolescent Features</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">14 Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</h2>
<a name="index-Ada-2012-implementation-status"></a>

<p>This chapter contains a complete list of Ada 2012 features that have been
implemented as of GNAT version 6.4. Generally, these features are only
available if the <samp>-gnat12</samp> (Ada 2012 features enabled) flag is set
<a name="index-_002dgnat12-option"></a>
or if the configuration pragma <code>Ada_2012</code> is used.
<a name="index-pragma-Ada_005f2012"></a>
<a name="index-configuration-pragma-Ada_005f2012"></a>
<a name="index-Ada_005f2012-configuration-pragma"></a>
However, new pragmas, attributes, and restrictions are
unconditionally available, since the Ada 95 standard allows the addition of
new pragmas, attributes, and restrictions (there are exceptions, which are
documented in the individual descriptions), and also certain packages
were made available in earlier versions of Ada.
</p>
<p>An ISO date (YYYY-MM-DD) appears in parentheses on the description line.
This date shows the implementation date of the feature. Any wavefront
subsequent to this date will contain the indicated feature, as will any
subsequent releases. A date of 0000-00-00 means that GNAT has always
implemented the feature, or implemented it as soon as it appeared as a
binding interpretation.
</p>
<p>Each feature corresponds to an Ada Issue (&ldquo;AI&rdquo;) approved by the Ada
standardization group (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG9) for inclusion in Ada 2012.
The features are ordered based on the relevant sections of the Ada
Reference Manual (&ldquo;RM&rdquo;).  When a given AI relates to multiple points
in the RM, the earliest is used.
</p>
<p>A complete description of the AIs may be found in
<a href="www.ada-auth.org/ai05-summary.html">www.ada-auth.org/ai05-summary.html</a>.
</p>
<ul>
<li> <em>AI-0176 Quantified expressions (2010-09-29)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0176-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Both universally and existentially quantified expressions are implemented.
  They use the new syntax for iterators proposed in AI05-139-2, as well as
  the standard Ada loop syntax.
</p>
<p>RM References:  1.01.04 (12)   2.09 (2/2)   4.04 (7)   4.05.09 (0)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0079 Allow <i>other_format</i> characters in source (2010-07-10)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0079-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Wide characters in the unicode category <i>other_format</i> are now allowed in
  source programs between tokens, but not within a token such as an identifier.
</p>
<p>RM References:  2.01 (4/2)   2.02 (7)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0091 Do not allow <i>other_format</i> in identifiers (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0091-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Wide characters in the unicode category <i>other_format</i> are not permitted
  within  an identifier, since this can be a security problem. The error
  message for this case has been improved to be more specific, but GNAT has
  never allowed such characters to appear in identifiers.
</p>
<p>RM References:  2.03 (3.1/2)   2.03 (4/2)   2.03 (5/2)   2.03 (5.1/2)   2.03 (5.2/2)   2.03 (5.3/2)   2.09 (2/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0100 Placement of pragmas  (2010-07-01)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0100-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI is an earlier version of AI-163. It simplifies the rules
  for legal placement of pragmas. In the case of lists that allow pragmas, if
  the list may have no elements, then the list may consist solely of pragmas.
</p>
<p>RM References:  2.08 (7)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0163 Pragmas in place of null (2010-07-01)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0163-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A statement sequence may be composed entirely of pragmas. It is no longer
  necessary to add a dummy <code>null</code> statement to make the sequence legal.
</p>
<p>RM References:  2.08 (7)   2.08 (16)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0080 &ldquo;View of&rdquo; not needed if clear from context (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0080-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is an editorial change only, described as non-testable in the AI.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.01 (7)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0183 Aspect specifications (2010-08-16)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0183-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Aspect specifications have been fully implemented except for pre and post-
  conditions, and type invariants, which have their own separate AI&rsquo;s. All
  forms of declarations listed in the AI are supported. The following is a
  list of the aspects supported (with GNAT implementation aspects marked)
</p>
<table>
<tr><td><code>Ada_2005</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Ada_2012</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Address</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Alignment</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Atomic</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Atomic_Components</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Bit_Order</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Component_Size</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Contract_Case</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Discard_Names</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>External_Tag</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Favor_Top_Level</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Inline</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Inline_Always</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Invariant</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Machine_Radix</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>No_Return</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Object_Size</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Pack</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Persistent_BSS</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Post</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Pre</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Predicate</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Preelaborable_Initialization</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Pure_Function</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Remote_Access_Type</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Shared</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Size</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Storage_Pool</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Storage_Size</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Stream_Size</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Suppress</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Suppress_Debug_Info</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Test_Case</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Type_Invariant</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Unchecked_Union</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Universal_Aliasing</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Unmodified</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Unreferenced</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Unreferenced_Objects</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Unsuppress</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Value_Size</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Volatile</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Volatile_Components</code></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Warnings</code></td><td>&ndash; GNAT</td></tr>
</table>

<p>Note that for aspects with an expression, e.g. <code>Size</code>, the expression is
  treated like a default expression (visibility is analyzed at the point of
  occurrence of the aspect, but evaluation of the expression occurs at the
  freeze point of the entity involved.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.02.01 (3)   3.02.02 (2)   3.03.01 (2/2)   3.08 (6)
  3.09.03 (1.1/2)   6.01 (2/2)   6.07 (2/2)   9.05.02 (2/2)   7.01 (3)   7.03
  (2)   7.03 (3)   9.01 (2/2)   9.01 (3/2)   9.04 (2/2)   9.04 (3/2)
  9.05.02 (2/2)   11.01 (2)   12.01 (3)   12.03 (2/2)   12.04 (2/2)   12.05 (2)
  12.06 (2.1/2)   12.06 (2.2/2)   12.07 (2)   13.01 (0.1/2)   13.03 (5/1)
  13.03.01 (0)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0128 Inequality is a primitive operation (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0128-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>If an equality operator (&quot;=&quot;) is declared for a type, then the implicitly
  declared inequality operator (&quot;/=&quot;) is a primitive operation of the type.
  This is the only reasonable interpretation, and is the one always implemented
  by GNAT, but the RM was not entirely clear in making this point.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.02.03 (6)   6.06 (6)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0003 Qualified expressions as names (2010-07-11)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0003-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>In Ada 2012, a qualified expression is considered to be syntactically a name,
   meaning that constructs such as <code>A'(F(X)).B</code> are now legal. This is
   useful in disambiguating some cases of overloading.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.03 (11)   3.03 (21)   4.01 (2)   4.04 (7)   4.07 (3)
  5.04 (7)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0120 Constant instance of protected object (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0120-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is an RM editorial change only. The section that lists objects that are
  constant failed to include the current instance of a protected object
  within a protected function. This has always been treated as a constant
  in GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.03 (21)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0008 General access to constrained objects (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0008-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The wording in the RM implied that if you have a general access to a
  constrained object, it could be used to modify the discriminants. This was
  obviously not intended. <code>Constraint_Error</code> should be raised, and GNAT
  has always done so in this situation.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.03 (23)   3.10.02 (26/2)   4.01 (9)   6.04.01 (17)   8.05.01 (5/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0093 Additional rules use immutably limited (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0093-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is an editorial change only, to make more widespread use of the Ada 2012
  &ldquo;immutably limited&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.03 (23.4/3)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0096 Deriving from formal private types (2010-07-20)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0096-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>In general it is illegal for a type derived from a formal limited type to be
  nonlimited.  This AI makes an exception to this rule: derivation is legal
  if it appears in the private part of the generic, and the formal type is not
  tagged. If the type is tagged, the legality check must be applied to the
  private part of the package.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.04 (5.1/2)   6.02 (7)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0181 Soft hyphen is a non-graphic character (2010-07-23)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0181-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>From Ada 2005 on, soft hyphen is considered a non-graphic character, which
  means that it has a special name (<code>SOFT_HYPHEN</code>) in conjunction with the
  <code>Image</code> and <code>Value</code> attributes for the character types. Strictly
  speaking this is an inconsistency with Ada 95, but in practice the use of
  these attributes is so obscure that it will not cause problems.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.05.02 (2/2)   A.01 (35/2)   A.03.03 (21)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0182 Additional forms for <code>Character'Value</code> (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0182-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI allows <code>Character'Value</code> to accept the string <code>'?'</code> where
  <code>?</code> is any character including non-graphic control characters. GNAT has
  always accepted such strings. It also allows strings such as
  <code>HEX_00000041</code> to be accepted, but GNAT does not take advantage of this
  permission and raises <code>Constraint_Error</code>, as is certainly still
  permitted.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.05 (56/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0214 Defaulted discriminants for limited tagged (2010-10-01)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0214-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Ada 2012 relaxes the restriction that forbids discriminants of tagged types
  to have default expressions by allowing them when the type is limited. It
  is often useful to define a default value for a discriminant even though
  it can&rsquo;t be changed by assignment.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.07 (9.1/2)   3.07.02 (3)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0102 Some implicit conversions are illegal (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0102-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>It is illegal to assign an anonymous access constant to an anonymous access
  variable. The RM did not have a clear rule to prevent this, but GNAT has
  always generated an error for this usage.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.07 (16)   3.07.01 (9)   6.04.01 (6)   8.06 (27/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0158 Generalizing membership tests (2010-09-16)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0158-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI extends the syntax of membership tests to simplify complex conditions
  that can be expressed as membership in a subset of values of any type. It
  introduces syntax for a list of expressions that may be used in loop contexts
  as well.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.08.01 (5)   4.04 (3)   4.05.02 (3)   4.05.02 (5)   4.05.02 (27)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0173 Testing if tags represent abstract types (2010-07-03)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0173-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The function <code>Ada.Tags.Type_Is_Abstract</code> returns <code>True</code> if invoked
  with the tag of an abstract type, and <code>False</code> otherwise.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09 (7.4/2)   3.09 (12.4/2)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0076 function with controlling result (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0076-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is an editorial change only. The RM defines calls with controlling
  results, but uses the term &ldquo;function with controlling result&rdquo; without an
  explicit definition.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.02 (2/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0126 Dispatching with no declared operation (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0126-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies dispatching rules, and simply confirms that dispatching
  executes the operation of the parent type when there is no explicitly or
  implicitly declared operation for the descendant type. This has always been
  the case in all versions of GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.02 (20/2)   3.09.02 (20.1/2)   3.09.02 (20.2/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0097 Treatment of abstract null extension (2010-07-19)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0097-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM as written implied that in some cases it was possible to create an
  object of an abstract type, by having an abstract extension inherit a non-
  abstract constructor from its parent type. This mistake has been corrected
  in GNAT and in the RM, and this construct is now illegal.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.03 (4/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0203 Extended return cannot be abstract (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0203-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A return_subtype_indication cannot denote an abstract subtype. GNAT has never
  permitted such usage.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.03 (8/3)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0198 Inheriting abstract operators  (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0198-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI resolves a conflict between two rules involving inherited abstract
  operations and predefined operators. If a derived numeric type inherits
  an abstract operator, it overrides the predefined one. This interpretation
  was always the one implemented in GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.03 (4/3)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0073 Functions returning abstract types (2010-07-10)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0073-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI covers a number of issues regarding returning abstract types. In
  particular generic functions cannot have abstract result types or access
  result types designated an abstract type. There are some other cases which
  are detailed in the AI. Note that this binding interpretation has not been
  retrofitted to operate before Ada 2012 mode, since it caused a significant
  number of regressions.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.03 (8)   3.09.03 (10)   6.05 (8/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0070 Elaboration of interface types (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0070-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is an editorial change only, there are no testable consequences short of
  checking for the absence of generated code for an interface declaration.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.09.04 (18/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0208 Characteristics of incomplete views (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0208-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The wording in the Ada 2005 RM concerning characteristics of incomplete views
  was incorrect and implied that some programs intended to be legal were now
  illegal. GNAT had never considered such programs illegal, so it has always
  implemented the intent of this AI.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.10.01 (2.4/2)   3.10.01 (2.6/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0162 Incomplete type completed by partial view (2010-09-15)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0162-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Incomplete types are made more useful by allowing them to be completed by
  private types and private extensions.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.10.01 (2.5/2)   3.10.01 (2.6/2)   3.10.01 (3)   3.10.01 (4/2)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0098 Anonymous subprogram access restrictions (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0098-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>An unintentional omission in the RM implied some inconsistent restrictions on
  the use of anonymous access to subprogram values. These restrictions were not
  intentional, and have never been enforced by GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  3.10.01 (6)   3.10.01 (9.2/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0199 Aggregate with anonymous access components (2010-07-14)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0199-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A choice list in a record aggregate can include several components of
  (distinct) anonymous access types as long as they have matching designated
  subtypes.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.03.01 (16)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0220 Needed components for aggregates (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0220-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI addresses a wording problem in the RM that appears to permit some
  complex cases of aggregates with non-static discriminants. GNAT has always
  implemented the intended semantics.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.03.01 (17)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0147 Conditional expressions (2009-03-29)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0147-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Conditional expressions are permitted. The form of such an expression is:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    (<b>if</b> <i>expr</i> <b>then</b> <i>expr</i> {<b>elsif</b> <i>expr</i> <b>then</b> <i>expr</i>} [<b>else</b> <i>expr</i>])
</pre></div>

<p>The parentheses can be omitted in contexts where parentheses are present
  anyway, such as subprogram arguments and pragma arguments. If the <b>else</b>
  clause is omitted, <b>else True</b> is assumed;
  thus <code>(<b>if</b> A <b>then</b> B)</code> is a way to conveniently represent
  <em>(A implies B)</em> in standard logic.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.03.03 (15)   4.04 (1)   4.04 (7)   4.05.07 (0)   4.07 (2)
  4.07 (3)   4.09 (12)   4.09 (33)   5.03 (3)   5.03 (4)   7.05 (2.1/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0037 Out-of-range box associations in aggregate (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0037-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI confirms that an association of the form <code>Indx =&gt; &lt;&gt;</code> in an
  array aggregate must raise <code>Constraint_Error</code> if <code>Indx</code>
  is out of range. The RM specified a range check on other associations, but
  not when the value of the association was defaulted. GNAT has always inserted
  a constraint check on the index value.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.03.03 (29)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0123 Composability of equality (2010-04-13)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0123-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Equality of untagged record composes, so that the predefined equality for a
  composite type that includes a component of some untagged record type
  <code>R</code> uses the equality operation of <code>R</code> (which may be user-defined
  or predefined). This makes the behavior of untagged records identical to that
  of tagged types in this respect.
</p>
<p>This change is an incompatibility with previous versions of Ada, but it
  corrects a non-uniformity that was often a source of confusion. Analysis of
  a large number of industrial programs indicates that in those rare cases
  where a composite type had an untagged record component with a user-defined
  equality, either there was no use of the composite equality, or else the code
  expected the same composability as for tagged types, and thus had a bug that
  would be fixed by this change.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.05.02 (9.7/2)   4.05.02 (14)   4.05.02 (15)   4.05.02 (24)
  8.05.04 (8)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0088 The value of exponentiation (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0088-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies the equivalence rule given for the dynamic semantics of
  exponentiation: the value of the operation can be obtained by repeated
  multiplication, but the operation can be implemented otherwise (for example
  using the familiar divide-by-two-and-square algorithm, even if this is less
  accurate), and does not imply repeated reads of a volatile base.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.05.06 (11)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0188 Case expressions (2010-01-09)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0188-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Case expressions are permitted. This allows use of constructs such as:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  X := (<b>case</b> Y <b>is when</b> 1 =&gt; 2, <b>when</b> 2 =&gt; 3, <b>when others</b> =&gt; 31)
</pre></div>

<p>RM References:  4.05.07 (0)   4.05.08 (0)   4.09 (12)   4.09 (33)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0104 Null exclusion and uninitialized allocator (2010-07-15)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0104-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The assignment <code>Ptr := <b>new not null</b> Some_Ptr;</code> will raise
  <code>Constraint_Error</code> because the default value of the allocated object is
  <b>null</b>. This useless construct is illegal in Ada 2012.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.08 (2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0157 Allocation/Deallocation from empty pool (2010-07-11)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0157-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Allocation and Deallocation from an empty storage pool (i.e. allocation or
  deallocation of a pointer for which a static storage size clause of zero
  has been given) is now illegal and is detected as such. GNAT
  previously gave a warning but not an error.
</p>
<p>RM References:  4.08 (5.3/2)   13.11.02 (4)   13.11.02 (17)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0179 Statement not required after label (2010-04-10)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0179-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>It is not necessary to have a statement following a label, so a label
  can appear at the end of a statement sequence without the need for putting a
  null statement afterwards, but it is not allowable to have only labels and
  no real statements in a statement sequence.
</p>
<p>RM References:  5.01 (2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-139-2 Syntactic sugar for iterators (2010-09-29)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d139_002d2-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The new syntax for iterating over arrays and containers is now implemented.
  Iteration over containers is for now limited to read-only iterators. Only
  default iterators are supported, with the syntax:  <code><b>for</b> Elem <b>of</b> C</code>.
</p>
<p>RM References:  5.05
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0134 Profiles must match for full conformance (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0134-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>For full conformance, the profiles of anonymous-access-to-subprogram
  parameters must match. GNAT has always enforced this rule.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.03.01 (18)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0207 Mode conformance and access constant (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0207-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI confirms that access_to_constant indication must match for mode
  conformance. This was implemented in GNAT when the qualifier was originally
  introduced in Ada 2005.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.03.01 (16/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0046 Null exclusion match for full conformance (2010-07-17)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0046-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>For full conformance, in the case of access parameters, the null exclusion
  must match (either both or neither must have <code><b>not null</b></code>).
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.03.02 (18)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0118 The association of parameter associations (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0118-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies the rules for named associations in subprogram calls and
  generic instantiations. The rules have been in place since Ada 83.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.04.01 (2)   12.03 (9)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0196 Null exclusion tests for out parameters (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0196-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Null exclusion checks are not made for <code><b>out</b></code> parameters when
  evaluating the actual parameters. GNAT has never generated these checks.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.04.01 (13)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0015 Constant return objects (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0015-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The return object declared in an <i>extended_return_statement</i> may be
  declared constant. This was always intended, and GNAT has always allowed it.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.05 (2.1/2)   3.03 (10/2)   3.03 (21)   6.05 (5/2)
  6.05 (5.7/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0032 Extended return for class-wide functions (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0032-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>If a function returns a class-wide type, the object of an extended return
  statement can be declared with a specific type that is covered by the class-
  wide type. This has been implemented in GNAT since the introduction of
  extended returns. Note AI-0103 complements this AI by imposing matching
  rules for constrained return types.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.05 (5.2/2)   6.05 (5.3/2)   6.05 (5.6/2)   6.05 (5.8/2)
  6.05 (8/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0103 Static matching for extended return (2010-07-23)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0103-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>If the return subtype of a function is an elementary type or a constrained
  type, the subtype indication in an extended return statement must match
  statically this return subtype.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.05 (5.2/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0058 Abnormal completion of an extended return (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0058-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM had some incorrect wording implying wrong treatment of abnormal
  completion in an extended return. GNAT has always implemented the intended
  correct semantics as described by this AI.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.05 (22/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0050 Raising Constraint_Error early for function call (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0050-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The implementation permissions for raising <code>Constraint_Error</code> early on a function call when it was clear an exception would be raised were over-permissive and allowed mishandling of discriminants in some cases. GNAT did
  not take advantage of these incorrect permissions in any case.
</p>
<p>RM References:  6.05 (24/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0125 Nonoverridable operations of an ancestor (2010-09-28)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0125-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>In Ada 2012, the declaration of a primitive operation of a type extension
  or private extension can also override an inherited primitive that is not
  visible at the point of this declaration.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.03.01 (6)   8.03 (23)   8.03.01 (5/2)   8.03.01 (6/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0062 Null exclusions and deferred constants (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0062-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A full constant may have a null exclusion even if its associated deferred
  constant does not. GNAT has always allowed this.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.04 (6/2)   7.04 (7.1/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0178 Incomplete views are limited (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0178-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies the role of incomplete views and plugs an omission in the
  RM. GNAT always correctly restricted the use of incomplete views and types.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.05 (3/2)   7.05 (6/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0087 Actual for formal nonlimited derived type (2010-07-15)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0087-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The actual for a formal nonlimited derived type cannot be limited. In
  particular, a formal derived type that extends a limited interface but which
  is not explicitly limited cannot be instantiated with a limited type.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.05 (5/2)   12.05.01 (5.1/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0099 Tag determines whether finalization needed (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0099-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies that &ldquo;needs finalization&rdquo; is part of dynamic semantics,
  and therefore depends on the run-time characteristics of an object (i.e. its
  tag) and not on its nominal type. As the AI indicates: &ldquo;we do not expect
  this to affect any implementation&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.06.01 (6)   7.06.01 (7)   7.06.01 (8)   7.06.01 (9/2)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0064 Redundant finalization rule (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0064-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is an editorial change only. The intended behavior is already checked
  by an existing ACATS test, which GNAT has always executed correctly.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.06.01 (17.1/1)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0026 Missing rules for Unchecked_Union (2010-07-07)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0026-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Record representation clauses concerning Unchecked_Union types cannot mention
  the discriminant of the type. The type of a component declared in the variant
  part of an Unchecked_Union cannot be controlled, have controlled components,
  nor have protected or task parts. If an Unchecked_Union type is declared
  within the body of a generic unit or its descendants, then the type of a
  component declared in the variant part cannot be a formal private type or a
  formal private extension declared within the same generic unit.
</p>
<p>RM References:  7.06 (9.4/2)   B.03.03 (9/2)   B.03.03 (10/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0205 Extended return declares visible name (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0205-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI corrects a simple omission in the RM. Return objects have always
  been visible within an extended return statement.
</p>
<p>RM References:  8.03 (17)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0042 Overriding versus implemented-by (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0042-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI fixes a wording gap in the RM. An operation of a synchronized
  interface can be implemented by a protected or task entry, but the abstract
  operation is not being overridden in the usual sense, and it must be stated
  separately that this implementation is legal. This has always been the case
  in GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  9.01 (9.2/2)   9.04 (11.1/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0030 Requeue on synchronized interfaces (2010-07-19)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0030-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Requeue is permitted to a protected, synchronized or task interface primitive
  providing it is known that the overriding operation is an entry. Otherwise
  the requeue statement has the same effect as a procedure call. Use of pragma
  <code>Implemented</code> provides a way to impose a static requirement on the
  overriding operation by adhering to one of the implementation kinds: entry,
  protected procedure or any of the above.
</p>
<p>RM References:  9.05 (9)   9.05.04 (2)   9.05.04 (3)   9.05.04 (5)
  9.05.04 (6)   9.05.04 (7)   9.05.04 (12)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0201 Independence of atomic object components (2010-07-22)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0201-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>If an Atomic object has a pragma <code>Pack</code> or a <code>Component_Size</code>
  attribute, then individual components may not be addressable by independent
  tasks. However, if the representation clause has no effect (is confirming),
  then independence is not compromised. Furthermore, in GNAT, specification of
  other appropriately addressable component sizes (e.g. 16 for 8-bit
  characters) also preserves independence. GNAT now gives very clear warnings
  both for the declaration of such a type, and for any assignment to its components.
</p>
<p>RM References:  9.10 (1/3)   C.06 (22/2)   C.06 (23/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0009 Pragma Independent[_Components] (2010-07-23)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0009-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI introduces the new pragmas <code>Independent</code> and
  <code>Independent_Components</code>,
  which control guaranteeing independence of access to objects and components.
  The AI also requires independence not unaffected by confirming rep clauses.
</p>
<p>RM References:  9.10 (1)   13.01 (15/1)   13.02 (9)   13.03 (13)   C.06 (2)
  C.06 (4)   C.06 (6)   C.06 (9)   C.06 (13)   C.06 (14)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0072 Task signalling using &rsquo;Terminated (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0072-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies that task signalling for reading <code>'Terminated</code> only
  occurs if the result is True. GNAT semantics has always been consistent with
  this notion of task signalling.
</p>
<p>RM References:  9.10 (6.1/1)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0108 Limited incomplete view and discriminants (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0108-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI confirms that an incomplete type from a limited view does not have
  discriminants. This has always been the case in GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.01.01 (12.3/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0129 Limited views and incomplete types (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0129-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies the description of limited views: a limited view of a
  package includes only one view of a type that has an incomplete declaration
  and a full declaration (there is no possible ambiguity in a client package).
  This AI also fixes an omission: a nested package in the private part has no
  limited view. GNAT always implemented this correctly.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.01.01 (12.2/2)   10.01.01 (12.3/2)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0077 Limited withs and scope of declarations (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0077-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies that a declaration does not include a context clause,
  and confirms that it is illegal to have a context in which both a limited
  and a nonlimited view of a package are accessible. Such double visibility
  was always rejected by GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.01.02 (12/2)   10.01.02 (21/2)   10.01.02 (22/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0122 Private with and children of generics (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0122-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies the visibility of private children of generic units within
  instantiations of a parent. GNAT has always handled this correctly.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.01.02 (12/2)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0040 Limited with clauses on descendant (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0040-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI confirms that a limited with clause in a child unit cannot name
  an ancestor of the unit. This has always been checked in GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.01.02 (20/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0132 Placement of library unit pragmas (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0132-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI fills a gap in the description of library unit pragmas. The pragma
  clearly must apply to a library unit, even if it does not carry the name
  of the enclosing unit. GNAT has always enforced the required check.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.01.05 (7)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0034 Categorization of limited views (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0034-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM makes certain limited with clauses illegal because of categorization
  considerations, when the corresponding normal with would be legal. This is
  not intended, and GNAT has always implemented the recommended behavior.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.02.01 (11/1)   10.02.01 (17/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0035 Inconsistencies with Pure units (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0035-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI remedies some inconsistencies in the legality rules for Pure units.
  Derived access types are legal in a pure unit (on the assumption that the
  rule for a zero storage pool size has been enforced on the ancestor type).
  The rules are enforced in generic instances and in subunits. GNAT has always
  implemented the recommended behavior.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.02.01 (15.1/2)   10.02.01 (15.4/2)   10.02.01 (15.5/2)   10.02.01 (17/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0219 Pure permissions and limited parameters (2010-05-25)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0219-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI refines the rules for the cases with limited parameters which do not
  allow the implementations to omit &ldquo;redundant&rdquo;. GNAT now properly conforms
  to the requirements of this binding interpretation.
</p>
<p>RM References:  10.02.01 (18/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0043 Rules about raising exceptions (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0043-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI covers various omissions in the RM regarding the raising of
  exceptions. GNAT has always implemented the intended semantics.
</p>
<p>RM References:  11.04.01 (10.1/2)   11 (2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0200 Mismatches in formal package declarations (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0200-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI plugs a gap in the RM which appeared to allow some obviously intended
  illegal instantiations. GNAT has never allowed these instantiations.
</p>
<p>RM References:  12.07 (16)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0112 Detection of duplicate pragmas (2010-07-24)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0112-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI concerns giving names to various representation aspects, but the
  practical effect is simply to make the use of duplicate
  <code>Atomic</code>[<code>_Components</code>],
  <code>Volatile</code>[<code>_Components</code>] and
  <code>Independent</code>[<code>_Components</code>] pragmas illegal, and GNAT
  now performs this required check.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.01 (8)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0106 No representation pragmas on generic formals (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0106-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM appeared to allow representation pragmas on generic formal parameters,
  but this was not intended, and GNAT has never permitted this usage.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.01 (9.1/1)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0012 Pack/Component_Size for aliased/atomic (2010-07-15)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0012-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>It is now illegal to give an inappropriate component size or a pragma
  <code>Pack</code> that attempts to change the component size in the case of atomic
  or aliased components. Previously GNAT ignored such an attempt with a
  warning.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.02 (6.1/2)   13.02 (7)   C.06 (10)   C.06 (11)   C.06 (21)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0039 Stream attributes cannot be dynamic (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0039-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM permitted the use of dynamic expressions (such as <code>ptr.<b>all</b>)</code>
  for stream attributes, but these were never useful and are now illegal. GNAT
  has always regarded such expressions as illegal.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.03 (4)   13.03 (6)   13.13.02 (38/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0095 Address of intrinsic subprograms (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0095-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The prefix of <code>'Address</code> cannot statically denote a subprogram with
  convention <code>Intrinsic</code>. The use of the <code>Address</code> attribute raises
  <code>Program_Error</code> if the prefix denotes a subprogram with convention
  <code>Intrinsic</code>.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.03 (11/1)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0116 Alignment of class-wide objects (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0116-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI requires that the alignment of a class-wide object be no greater
  than the alignment of any type in the class. GNAT has always followed this
  recommendation.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.03 (29)   13.11 (16)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0146 Type invariants (2009-09-21)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0146-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Type invariants may be specified for private types using the aspect notation.
  Aspect <code>Type_Invariant</code> may be specified for any private type,
  <code>Type_Invariant'Class</code> can
  only be specified for tagged types, and is inherited by any descendent of the
  tagged types. The invariant is a boolean expression that is tested for being
  true in the following situations: conversions to the private type, object
  declarations for the private type that are default initialized, and
  [<b>in</b>] <b>out</b>
  parameters and returned result on return from any primitive operation for
  the type that is visible to a client.
  GNAT defines the synonyms <code>Invariant</code> for <code>Type_Invariant</code> and
  <code>Invariant'Class</code> for <code>Type_Invariant'Class</code>.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.03.03 (00)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0078 Relax Unchecked_Conversion alignment rules (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0078-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>In Ada 2012, compilers are required to support unchecked conversion where the
  target alignment is a multiple of the source alignment. GNAT always supported
  this case (and indeed all cases of differing alignments, doing copies where
  required if the alignment was reduced).
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.09 (7)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0195 Invalid value handling is implementation defined (2010-07-03)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0195-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The handling of invalid values is now designated to be implementation
  defined. This is a documentation change only, requiring Annex M in the GNAT
  Reference Manual to document this handling.
  In GNAT, checks for invalid values are made
  only when necessary to avoid erroneous behavior. Operations like assignments
  which cannot cause erroneous behavior ignore the possibility of invalid
  values and do not do a check. The date given above applies only to the
  documentation change, this behavior has always been implemented by GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.09.01 (10)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0193 Alignment of allocators (2010-09-16)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0193-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI introduces a new attribute <code>Max_Alignment_For_Allocation</code>,
  analogous to <code>Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements</code>, but for alignment instead
  of size.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.11 (16)   13.11 (21)   13.11.01 (0)   13.11.01 (1)
  13.11.01 (2)   13.11.01 (3)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0177 Parameterized expressions (2010-07-10)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0177-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The new Ada 2012 notion of parameterized expressions is implemented. The form
  is:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  <i>function specification</i> <b>is</b> (<i>expression</i>)
</pre></div>

<p>This is exactly equivalent to the
  corresponding function body that returns the expression, but it can appear
  in a package spec. Note that the expression must be parenthesized.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.11.01 (3/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0033 Attach/Interrupt_Handler in generic (2010-07-24)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0033-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Neither of these two pragmas may appear within a generic template, because
  the generic might be instantiated at other than the library level.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.11.02 (16)   C.03.01 (7/2)   C.03.01 (8/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0161 Restriction No_Default_Stream_Attributes (2010-09-11)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0161-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A new restriction <code>No_Default_Stream_Attributes</code> prevents the use of any
  of the default stream attributes for elementary types. If this restriction is
  in force, then it is necessary to provide explicit subprograms for any
  stream attributes used.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.12.01 (4/2)   13.13.02 (40/2)   13.13.02 (52/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0194 Value of Stream_Size attribute (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0194-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The <code>Stream_Size</code> attribute returns the default number of bits in the
  stream representation of the given type.
  This value is not affected by the presence
  of stream subprogram attributes for the type. GNAT has always implemented
  this interpretation.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.13.02 (1.2/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0109 Redundant check in S&rsquo;Class&rsquo;Input (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0109-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI is an editorial change only. It removes the need for a tag check
  that can never fail.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.13.02 (34/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0007 Stream read and private scalar types (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0007-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM as written appeared to limit the possibilities of declaring read
  attribute procedures for private scalar types. This limitation was not
  intended, and has never been enforced by GNAT.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.13.02 (50/2)   13.13.02 (51/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0065 Remote access types and external streaming (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0065-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI clarifies the fact that all remote access types support external
  streaming. This fixes an obvious oversight in the definition of the
  language, and GNAT always implemented the intended correct rules.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.13.02 (52/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0019 Freezing of primitives for tagged types (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0019-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The RM suggests that primitive subprograms of a specific tagged type are
  frozen when the tagged type is frozen. This would be an incompatible change
  and is not intended. GNAT has never attempted this kind of freezing and its
  behavior is consistent with the recommendation of this AI.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.14 (2)   13.14 (3/1)   13.14 (8.1/1)   13.14 (10)   13.14 (14)   13.14 (15.1/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0017 Freezing and incomplete types (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0017-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>So-called &ldquo;Taft-amendment types&rdquo; (i.e., types that are completed in package
  bodies) are not frozen by the occurrence of bodies in the
  enclosing declarative part. GNAT always implemented this properly.
</p>
<p>RM References:  13.14 (3/1)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0060 Extended definition of remote access types (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0060-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI extends the definition of remote access types to include access
  to limited, synchronized, protected or task class-wide interface types.
  GNAT already implemented this extension.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A (4)   E.02.02 (9/1)   E.02.02 (9.2/1)   E.02.02 (14/2)   E.02.02 (18)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0114 Classification of letters (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0114-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The code points 170 (<code>FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR</code>),
  181 (<code>MICRO SIGN</code>), and
  186 (<code>MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR</code>) are technically considered
  lower case letters by Unicode.
  However, they are not allowed in identifiers, and they
  return <code>False</code> to <code>Ada.Characters.Handling.Is_Letter/Is_Lower</code>.
  This behavior is consistent with that defined in Ada 95.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.03.02 (59)   A.04.06 (7)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0185 Ada.Wide_[Wide_]Characters.Handling (2010-07-06)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0185-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Two new packages <code>Ada.Wide_[Wide_]Characters.Handling</code> provide
  classification functions for <code>Wide_Character</code> and
  <code>Wide_Wide_Character</code>, as well as providing
  case folding routines for <code>Wide_[Wide_]Character</code> and
  <code>Wide_[Wide_]String</code>.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.03.05 (0)   A.03.06 (0)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0031 Add From parameter to Find_Token (2010-07-25)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0031-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A new version of <code>Find_Token</code> is added to all relevant string packages,
  with an extra parameter <code>From</code>. Instead of starting at the first
  character of the string, the search for a matching Token starts at the
  character indexed by the value of <code>From</code>.
  These procedures are available in all versions of Ada
  but if used in versions earlier than Ada 2012 they will generate a warning
  that an Ada 2012 subprogram is being used.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.04.03 (16)   A.04.03 (67)   A.04.03 (68/1)   A.04.04 (51)
  A.04.05 (46)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0056 Index on null string returns zero (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0056-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The wording in the Ada 2005 RM implied an incompatible handling of the
  <code>Index</code> functions, resulting in raising an exception instead of
  returning zero in some situations.
  This was not intended and has been corrected.
  GNAT always returned zero, and is thus consistent with this AI.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.04.03 (56.2/2)   A.04.03 (58.5/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0137 String encoding package (2010-03-25)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0137-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The packages <code>Ada.Strings.UTF_Encoding</code>, together with its child
  packages, <code>Conversions</code>, <code>Strings</code>, <code>Wide_Strings</code>,
  and <code>Wide_Wide_Strings</code> have been
  implemented. These packages (whose documentation can be found in the spec
  files <samp>a-stuten.ads</samp>, <samp>a-suenco.ads</samp>, <samp>a-suenst.ads</samp>,
  <samp>a-suewst.ads</samp>, <samp>a-suezst.ads</samp>) allow encoding and decoding of
  <code>String</code>, <code>Wide_String</code>, and <code>Wide_Wide_String</code>
  values using UTF coding schemes (including UTF-8, UTF-16LE, UTF-16BE, and
  UTF-16), as well as conversions between the different UTF encodings. With
  the exception of <code>Wide_Wide_Strings</code>, these packages are available in
  Ada 95 and Ada 2005 mode as well as Ada 2012 mode.
  The <code>Wide_Wide_Strings package</code>
  is available in Ada 2005 mode as well as Ada 2012 mode (but not in Ada 95
  mode since it uses <code>Wide_Wide_Character</code>).
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.04.11
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0038 Minor errors in Text_IO (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0038-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>These are minor errors in the description on three points. The intent on
  all these points has always been clear, and GNAT has always implemented the
  correct intended semantics.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.10.05 (37)   A.10.07 (8/1)   A.10.07 (10)   A.10.07 (12)   A.10.08 (10)   A.10.08 (24)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0044 Restrictions on container instantiations (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0044-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI places restrictions on allowed instantiations of generic containers.
  These restrictions are not checked by the compiler, so there is nothing to
  change in the implementation. This affects only the RM documentation.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.18 (4/2)   A.18.02 (231/2)   A.18.03 (145/2)   A.18.06 (56/2)   A.18.08 (66/2)   A.18.09 (79/2)   A.18.26 (5/2)   A.18.26 (9/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0127 Adding Locale Capabilities (2010-09-29)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0127-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This package provides an interface for identifying the current locale.
</p>
<p>RM References:  A.19    A.19.01    A.19.02    A.19.03    A.19.05    A.19.06
  A.19.07    A.19.08    A.19.09    A.19.10    A.19.11    A.19.12    A.19.13
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0002 Export C with unconstrained arrays (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0002-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The compiler is not required to support exporting an Ada subprogram with
  convention C if there are parameters or a return type of an unconstrained
  array type (such as <code>String</code>). GNAT allows such declarations but
  generates warnings. It is possible, but complicated, to write the
  corresponding C code and certainly such code would be specific to GNAT and
  non-portable.
</p>
<p>RM References:  B.01 (17)   B.03 (62)   B.03 (71.1/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0216 No_Task_Hierarchy forbids local tasks (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI05_002d0216-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>It is clearly the intention that <code>No_Task_Hierarchy</code> is intended to
  forbid tasks declared locally within subprograms, or functions returning task
  objects, and that is the implementation that GNAT has always provided.
  However the language in the RM was not sufficiently clear on this point.
  Thus this is a documentation change in the RM only.
</p>
<p>RM References:  D.07 (3/3)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0211 No_Relative_Delays forbids Set_Handler use (2010-07-09)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0211-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>The restriction <code>No_Relative_Delays</code> forbids any calls to the subprogram
  <code>Ada.Real_Time.Timing_Events.Set_Handler</code>.
</p>
<p>RM References:  D.07 (5)   D.07 (10/2)   D.07 (10.4/2)   D.07 (10.7/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0190 pragma Default_Storage_Pool (2010-09-15)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0190-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI introduces a new pragma <code>Default_Storage_Pool</code>, which can be
  used to control storage pools globally.
  In particular, you can force every access
  type that is used for allocation (<b>new</b>) to have an explicit storage pool,
  or you can declare a pool globally to be used for all access types that lack
  an explicit one.
</p>
<p>RM References:  D.07 (8)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0189 No_Allocators_After_Elaboration (2010-01-23)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0189-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This AI introduces a new restriction <code>No_Allocators_After_Elaboration</code>,
  which says that no dynamic allocation will occur once elaboration is
  completed.
  In general this requires a run-time check, which is not required, and which
  GNAT does not attempt. But the static cases of allocators in a task body or
  in the body of the main program are detected and flagged at compile or bind
  time.
</p>
<p>RM References:  D.07 (19.1/2)   H.04 (23.3/2)
</p>
</li><li> <em>AI-0171 Pragma CPU and Ravenscar Profile (2010-09-24)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0171-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>A new package <code>System.Multiprocessors</code> is added, together with the
  definition of pragma <code>CPU</code> for controlling task affinity. A new no
  dependence restriction, on <code>System.Multiprocessors.Dispatching_Domains</code>,
  is added to the Ravenscar profile.
</p>
<p>RM References:  D.13.01 (4/2)   D.16
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0210 Correct Timing_Events metric (0000-00-00)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0210-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>This is a documentation only issue regarding wording of metric requirements,
  that does not affect the implementation of the compiler.
</p>
<p>RM References:  D.15 (24/2)
</p>

</li><li> <em>AI-0206 Remote types packages and preelaborate (2010-07-24)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0206-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Remote types packages are now allowed to depend on preelaborated packages.
  This was formerly considered illegal.
</p>
<p>RM References:  E.02.02 (6)
</p>


</li><li> <em>AI-0152 Restriction No_Anonymous_Allocators (2010-09-08)</em>
<a name="index-AI_002d0152-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029"></a>

<p>Restriction <code>No_Anonymous_Allocators</code> prevents the use of allocators
  where the type of the returned value is an anonymous access type.
</p>
<p>RM References:  H.04 (8/1)
</p></li></ul>


<hr>
<a name="Obsolescent-Features"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Obsolescent-Features-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">15 Obsolescent Features</h2>

<p>This chapter describes features that are provided by GNAT, but are
considered obsolescent since there are preferred ways of achieving
the same effect. These features are provided solely for historical
compatibility purposes.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#pragma-No_005fRun_005fTime" accesskey="1">pragma No_Run_Time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#pragma-Ravenscar" accesskey="2">pragma Ravenscar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#pragma-Restricted_005fRun_005fTime" accesskey="3">pragma Restricted_Run_Time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="pragma-No_005fRun_005fTime"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#pragma-Ravenscar" accesskey="n" rel="next">pragma Ravenscar</a>, Up: <a href="#Obsolescent-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Obsolescent Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="pragma-No_005fRun_005fTime-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">15.1 pragma No_Run_Time</h3>

<p>The pragma <code>No_Run_Time</code> is used to achieve an affect similar
to the use of the &quot;Zero Foot Print&quot; configurable run time, but without
requiring a specially configured run time. The result of using this
pragma, which must be used for all units in a partition, is to restrict
the use of any language features requiring run-time support code. The
preferred usage is to use an appropriately configured run-time that
includes just those features that are to be made accessible.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="pragma-Ravenscar"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#pragma-Restricted_005fRun_005fTime" accesskey="n" rel="next">pragma Restricted_Run_Time</a>, Previous: <a href="#pragma-No_005fRun_005fTime" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pragma No_Run_Time</a>, Up: <a href="#Obsolescent-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Obsolescent Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="pragma-Ravenscar-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">15.2 pragma Ravenscar</h3>

<p>The pragma <code>Ravenscar</code> has exactly the same effect as pragma
<code>Profile (Ravenscar)</code>. The latter usage is preferred since it
is part of the new Ada 2005 standard.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="pragma-Restricted_005fRun_005fTime"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#pragma-Ravenscar" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pragma Ravenscar</a>, Up: <a href="#Obsolescent-Features" accesskey="u" rel="up">Obsolescent Features</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="pragma-Restricted_005fRun_005fTime-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">15.3 pragma Restricted_Run_Time</h3>

<p>The pragma <code>Restricted_Run_Time</code> has exactly the same effect as
pragma <code>Profile (Restricted)</code>. The latter usage is
preferred since the Ada 2005 pragma <code>Profile</code> is intended for
this kind of implementation dependent addition.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Obsolescent-Features" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Obsolescent Features</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">GNU Free Documentation License</h2>

<a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>
<div align="center">Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
</div>
<div class="display">
<pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></div>

<ol>
<li> PREAMBLE

<p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
</p>
<p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
</p>
<p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</p>
</li><li> APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

<p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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</p>
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<p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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<p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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<p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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<p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
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<p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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</p>
</li><li> VERBATIM COPYING

<p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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you may publicly display copies.
</p>
</li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY

<p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
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</p>
<p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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</p>
<p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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</p>
</li><li> MODIFICATIONS

<p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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</p>
<ol>
<li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
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responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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</li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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</li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.

</li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

</li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document&rsquo;s license notice.

</li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License.

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You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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</li><li> For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.

</li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

</li><li> Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;.  Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.

</li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

</li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</li></ol>

<p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&rsquo;s license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
</p>
<p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</p>
<p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
</p>
<p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p>
</li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS

<p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</p>
<p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
</p>
<p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
&ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;.  You must delete all
sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
</p>
</li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

<p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</p>
<p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p>
</li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

<p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation&rsquo;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</p>
<p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document&rsquo;s Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
</p>
</li><li> TRANSLATION

<p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</p>
<p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
</p>
</li><li> TERMINATION

<p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
</p>
<p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
</p>
<p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
</p>
<p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
</p>
</li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
</p>
<p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
</p>
</li><li> RELICENSING

<p>&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC Site&rdquo;) means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC&rdquo;) contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;CC-BY-SA&rdquo; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;Incorporate&rdquo; means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
</p>
<p>An MMC is &ldquo;eligible for relicensing&rdquo; if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</p>
<p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</p>
</li></ol>

<a name="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>

<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  Copyright (C)  <var>year</var>  <var>your name</var>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.
</pre></div>

<p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the &ldquo;with...Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being <var>list</var>.
</pre></div>

<p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</p>
<p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Index"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Index-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>

<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>_</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
</td></tr></table>
<table class="index-cp" border="0">
<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-1">-</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dgnat12-option"><samp>-gnat12</samp> option</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dgnatR-switch"><samp>-gnatR</samp> switch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT">Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-2">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005f_005f_005flock-file-_0028for-shared-passive-packages_0029"><samp>___lock</samp> file (for shared passive packages)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Abort_005fDefer"><code>Abort_Defer</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer">Pragma Abort_Defer</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Abort_005fSignal"><code>Abort_Signal</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Abort_005fSignal">Abort_Signal</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Access-values_002c-testing-for">Access values, testing for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues">Has_Access_Values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Access_002c-unrestricted"><code>Access</code>, unrestricted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess">Unrestricted_Access</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Accuracy-requirements">Accuracy requirements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Accuracy_002c-complex-arithmetic">Accuracy, complex arithmetic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-2005-Language-Reference-Manual">Ada 2005 Language Reference Manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains">What This Reference Manual Contains</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-2012-implementation-status">Ada 2012 implementation status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Emax">Emax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes-1">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Epsilon">Epsilon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes-2">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Large">Large</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes-3">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mantissa">Mantissa</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes-4">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Safe_005fEmax">Safe_Emax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes-5">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Safe_005fLarge">Safe_Large</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-83-attributes-6">Ada 83 attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small">Small</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-95-Language-Reference-Manual">Ada 95 Language Reference Manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains">What This Reference Manual Contains</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada-Extensions">Ada Extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eHandling"><code>Ada.Characters.Handling</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Characters.Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-chlat9.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1</code> (<samp>a-cwila1.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-cwila1.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1</code> (<samp>a-chzla1.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-chzla9.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Command_Line.Environment</code> (<samp>a-colien.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Command_Line.Remove</code> (<samp>a-colire.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Command_Line.Response_File</code> (<samp>a-clrefi.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists</code> (<samp>a-cfdlli.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (a-cfdlli.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps</code> (<samp>a-cfhama.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps (a-cfhama.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets</code> (<samp>a-cfhase.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets (a-cfhase.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps</code> (<samp>a-cforma.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps (a-cforma.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets</code> (<samp>a-cforse.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets (a-cforse.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors</code> (<samp>a-cofove.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors (a-cofove.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-diocst.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence</code> (<samp>a-einuoc.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler</code> (<samp>a-elchha.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Exceptions.Traceback</code> (<samp>a-exctra.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-siocst.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-ssicst.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029">Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-suteio.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-swuwti.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-szuzti.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-tiocst.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-tirsfi.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode</code> (<samp>a-wichun.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-wtcstr.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-wrstfi.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode</code> (<samp>a-zchuni.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-ztcstr.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029"><code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-zrstfi.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f05"><code>Ada_05</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f05">Pragma Ada_05</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f12"><code>Ada_12</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f12">Pragma Ada_12</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f2005"><code>Ada_2005</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2005">Pragma Ada_2005</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f2005-1"><code>Ada_2005</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2012">Pragma Ada_2012</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f2012-configuration-pragma"><code>Ada_2012</code> configuration pragma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f83"><code>Ada_83</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f83">Pragma Ada_83</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_005f95"><code>Ada_95</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ada_005f95">Pragma Ada_95</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address-Clause">Address Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address-clauses"><code>Address</code> clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address-image">Address image</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address-of-subprogram-code">Address of subprogram code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code_005fAddress">Code_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address_002c-as-private-type"><code>Address</code>, as private type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address_002c-operations-of"><code>Address</code>, operations of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Address_005fSize"><code>Address_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address_005fSize">Address_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0002-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0002 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0003-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0003 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0007-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0007 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0008-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0008 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0009-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0009 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0012-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0012 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0015-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0015 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0017-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0017 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0019-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0019 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0026-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0026 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0030-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0030 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0031-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0031 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0032-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0032 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0033-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0033 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0034-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0034 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0035-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0035 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0037-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0037 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0038-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0038 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0039-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0039 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0040-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0040 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0042-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0042 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0043-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0043 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0044-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0044 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0046-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0046 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0050-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0050 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0056-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0056 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0058-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0058 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0060-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0060 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0062-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0062 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0064-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0064 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0065-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0065 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0070-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0070 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0072-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0072 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0073-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0073 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0076-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0076 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0077-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0077 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0078-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0078 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0079-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0079 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0080-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0080 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0087-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0087 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0088-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0088 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0091-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0091 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0093-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0093 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0095-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0095 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0096-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0096 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0097-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0097 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0098-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0098 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0099-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0099 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0100-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0100 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0102-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0102 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0103-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0103 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0104-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0104 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0106-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0106 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0108-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0108 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0109-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0109 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0112-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0112 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0114-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0114 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0116-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0116 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0118-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0118 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0120-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0120 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0122-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0122 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0123-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0123 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0125-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0125 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0126-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0126 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0127-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0127 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0128-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0128 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0129-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0129 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0132-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0132 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0134-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0134 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0137-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0137 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0146-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0146 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0147-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0147 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0152-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0152 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0157-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0157 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0158-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0158 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0161-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0161 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0162-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0162 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0163-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0163 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0171-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0171 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0173-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0173 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0176-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0176 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0177-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0177 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0178-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0178 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0179-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0179 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0181-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0181 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0182-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0182 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0183-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0183 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0185-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0185 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0188-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0188 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0189-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0189 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0190-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0190 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0193-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0193 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0194-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0194 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0195-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0195 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0196-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0196 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0198-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0198 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0199-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0199 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0200-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0200 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0201-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0201 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0203-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0203 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0205-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0205 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0206-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0206 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0207-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0207 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0208-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0208 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0210-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0210 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0211-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0211 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0214-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0214 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0219-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0219 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d0220-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-0220 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI_002d139_002d2-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI-139-2 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AI05_002d0216-_0028Ada-2012-feature_0029">AI05-0216 (Ada 2012 feature)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment-Clause">Alignment Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alignment-Clauses">Alignment Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment-clauses"><code>Alignment</code> clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment_002c-allocator">Alignment, allocator</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment">System_Allocator_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment_002c-default">Alignment, default</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alignment-Clauses">Alignment Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment_002c-default-settings">Alignment, default settings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment_002c-maximum">Alignment, maximum</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment">Maximum_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignment_002c-subtypes">Alignment, subtypes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alignment-Clauses">Alignment Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alignments-of-components">Alignments of components</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Alternative-Character-Sets">Alternative Character Sets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AltiVec">AltiVec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AltiVec-1">AltiVec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AltiVec-2">AltiVec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AltiVec-3">AltiVec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AltiVec-4">AltiVec</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Annex-E">Annex E</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Annotate"><code>Annotate</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Annotate">Pragma Annotate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Argument-passing-mechanisms">Argument passing mechanisms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Array-packing">Array packing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Array-splitter">Array splitter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Arrays_002c-extendable">Arrays, extendable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Arrays_002c-extendable-1">Arrays, extendable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Arrays_002c-multidimensional">Arrays, multidimensional</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Asm_005fInput"><code>Asm_Input</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Asm_005fInput">Asm_Input</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Asm_005fOutput"><code>Asm_Output</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Asm_005fOutput">Asm_Output</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Assert"><code>Assert</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Assert">Pragma Assert</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Assertions">Assertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check">Pragma Check</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Assertions-1">Assertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Assertions_002c-control">Assertions, control</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Assert_005fFailure_002c-exception">Assert_Failure, exception</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues"><code>Assume_No_Invalid_Values</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ast_005fEntry"><code>Ast_Entry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry">Pragma Ast_Entry</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AST_005fEntry"><code>AST_Entry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AST_005fEntry">AST_Entry</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Attribute"><code>Attribute</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Attribute_005fDefinition"><code>Attribute_Definition</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition">Pragma Attribute_Definition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AWK">AWK</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Biased-representation">Biased representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Biased-Representation">Biased Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Big-endian">Big endian</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder">Default_Bit_Order</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bit"><code>Bit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bit">Bit</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bit-ordering">Bit ordering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bit-ordering">bit ordering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses">Bit_Order Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bit_005fOrder-Clause">Bit_Order Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses">Bit_Order Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bit_005fPosition"><code>Bit_Position</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bit_005fPosition">Bit_Position</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bounded-Buffers">Bounded Buffers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bounded-errors">Bounded errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bounded_002dlength-strings">Bounded-length strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bubble-sort">Bubble sort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bubble-sort-1">Bubble sort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bubble-sort-2">Bubble sort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-byte-ordering">byte ordering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering">Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Byte-swapping">Byte swapping</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-C">C</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-streams_002c-interfacing">C streams, interfacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Direct_005fIO">C Streams, Interfacing with Direct_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Sequential_005fIO">C Streams, Interfacing with Sequential_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Stream_005fIO">C Streams, Interfacing with Stream_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029">Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Text_005fIO">C Streams, Interfacing with <code>Text_IO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Wide_005fText_005fIO">C Streams, Interfacing with <code>Wide_Text_IO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C-Streams_002c-Interfacing-with-Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO">C Streams, Interfacing with <code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_002b_002b-interfacing">C++ interfacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_002c-interfacing-with">C, interfacing with</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Calendar"><code>Calendar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Calendar-1"><code>Calendar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Casing-of-External-names">Casing of External names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Casing-utilities">Casing utilities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CGI-_0028Common-Gateway-Interface_0029">CGI (Common Gateway Interface)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CGI-_0028Common-Gateway-Interface_0029-cookie-support">CGI (Common Gateway Interface) cookie support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CGI-_0028Common-Gateway-Interface_0029-debugging">CGI (Common Gateway Interface) debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Character-handling-_0028GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil_0029">Character handling (<code>GNAT.Case_Util</code>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Character-Sets">Character Sets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Check"><code>Check</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check">Pragma Check</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Check-1"><code>Check</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Check-names_002c-defining">Check names, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName">Pragma Check_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Check-pragma-control">Check pragma control</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Checks_002c-postconditions">Checks, postconditions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Postcondition">Pragma Postcondition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Checks_002c-preconditions">Checks, preconditions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Precondition">Pragma Precondition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Checks_002c-suppression-of">Checks, suppression of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow"><code>Check_Float_Overflow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Check_005fName"><code>Check_Name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName">Pragma Check_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Child-Units">Child Units</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COBOL-support">COBOL support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COBOL_002c-interfacing-with">COBOL, interfacing with</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Code_005fAddress"><code>Code_Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code_005fAddress">Code_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Command-line">Command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Command-line_002c-argument-removal">Command line, argument removal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Command-line_002c-handling-long-command-lines">Command line, handling long command lines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Command-line_002c-response-file">Command line, response file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Comment"><code>Comment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Comment">Pragma Comment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Common_005fObject"><code>Common_Object</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Common_005fObject">Pragma Common_Object</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Compiler-Version">Compiler Version</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Compiler_005fUnit"><code>Compiler_Unit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit">Pragma Compiler_Unit</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Compiler_005fVersion"><code>Compiler_Version</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compiler_005fVersion">Compiler_Version</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Compile_005fTime_005fError"><code>Compile_Time_Error</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning"><code>Compile_Time_Warning</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Complete_005fRepresentation"><code>Complete_Representation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complete_Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Complex-arithmetic-accuracy">Complex arithmetic accuracy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Complex-elementary-functions">Complex elementary functions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Complex-types">Complex types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Complex_005fRepresentation"><code>Complex_Representation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complex_Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Component-Clause">Component Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Record-Representation-Clauses">Record Representation Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Component_005fAlignment"><code>Component_Alignment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Component_005fSize"><code>Component_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Component_005fSize-Clause">Component_Size Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Component_005fSize-Clauses">Component_Size Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Component_005fSize-clauses"><code>Component_Size</code> clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Component_005fSize_005f4"><code>Component_Size_4</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-pragma-Ada_005f2012">configuration pragma <code>Ada_2012</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Contract-cases">Contract cases</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase">Pragma Contract_Case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Contract_005fCase"><code>Contract_Case</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase">Pragma Contract_Case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Controlling-assertions">Controlling assertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Convention_002c-effect-on-representation">Convention, effect on representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation">Effect of Convention on Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Conventions_002c-synonyms">Conventions, synonyms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Conventions_002c-typographical">Conventions, typographical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Convention_005fIdentifier"><code>Convention_Identifier</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Cookie-support-in-CGI">Cookie support in CGI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPP_005fClass"><code>CPP_Class</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass">Pragma CPP_Class</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPP_005fConstructor"><code>CPP_Constructor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPP_005fVirtual"><code>CPP_Virtual</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPP_005fVtable"><code>CPP_Vtable</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPU"><code>CPU</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPU">Pragma CPU</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CRC32">CRC32</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Current-exception">Current exception</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Current-time">Current time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Cyclic-Redundancy-Check">Cyclic Redundancy Check</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy"><code>C_Pass_By_Copy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-D">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debug"><code>Debug</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Debug">Pragma Debug</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debug-pools">Debug pools</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debugging">Debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debugging-1">Debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debugging-2">Debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-with-Initialize_005fScalars">debugging with Initialize_Scalars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debug_005fPolicy"><code>Debug_Policy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy">Pragma Assertion_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Debug_005fPolicy-1"><code>Debug_Policy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy">Pragma Debug_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dec-Ada-83">Dec Ada 83</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem">Pragma Extend_System</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dec-Ada-83-casing-compatibility">Dec Ada 83 casing compatibility</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Decimal-radix-support">Decimal radix support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Decoding-strings">Decoding strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Decoding-strings-1">Decoding strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Decoding-UTF_002d8-strings">Decoding UTF-8 strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Default_005fBit_005fOrder"><code>Default_Bit_Order</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder">Default_Bit_Order</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Default_005fStorage_005fPool"><code>Default_Storage_Pool</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Deferring-aborts">Deferring aborts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer">Pragma Abort_Defer</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Defining-check-names">Defining check names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fName">Pragma Check_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Descriptor">Descriptor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Descriptor_005fSize">Descriptor_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Descriptor_005fSize"><code>Descriptor_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Descriptor_005fSize">Descriptor_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Detect_005fBlocking"><code>Detect_Blocking</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking">Pragma Detect_Blocking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Directory-operations">Directory operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Directory-operations-iteration">Directory operations iteration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Discriminants_002c-testing-for">Discriminants, testing for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Has_005fDiscriminants">Has_Discriminants</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dispatching_005fDomain"><code>Dispatching_Domain</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Distribution-Systems-Annex">Distribution Systems Annex</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dope-vector">Dope vector</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Descriptor_005fSize">Descriptor_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dump-Memory">Dump Memory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Duration_0027Small"><code>Duration'Small</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elaborated"><code>Elaborated</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Elaborated">Elaborated</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elaboration-control">Elaboration control</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elaboration_005fChecks"><code>Elaboration_Checks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elab_005fBody"><code>Elab_Body</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Elab_005fBody">Elab_Body</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elab_005fSpec"><code>Elab_Spec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Elab_005fSpec">Elab_Spec</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elab_005fSubp_005fBody"><code>Elab_Subp_Body</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Elab_005fSubp_005fBody">Elab_Subp_Body</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eliminate"><code>Eliminate</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Eliminate">Pragma Eliminate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Elimination-of-unused-subprograms">Elimination of unused subprograms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Eliminate">Pragma Eliminate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Emax"><code>Emax</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Emax">Emax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Enabled"><code>Enabled</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Enabled">Enabled</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Enclosing_005fEntity">Enclosing_Entity</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Enclosing_005fEntity">Enclosing_Entity</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encoding-strings">Encoding strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encoding-strings-1">Encoding strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encoding-UTF_002d8-strings">Encoding UTF-8 strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Endianness">Endianness</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder">Scalar_Storage_Order</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Endianness-1">Endianness</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Entry-queuing-policies">Entry queuing policies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Enumeration-representation-clauses">Enumeration representation clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Enumeration-values">Enumeration values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Enum_005fRep"><code>Enum_Rep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Enum_005fRep">Enum_Rep</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Enum_005fVal"><code>Enum_Val</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Enum_005fVal">Enum_Val</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Environment-entries">Environment entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Epsilon"><code>Epsilon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Epsilon">Epsilon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Error-detection">Error detection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception-actions">Exception actions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception-information">Exception information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception-retrieval">Exception retrieval</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception-traces">Exception traces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception_002c-obtaining-most-recent">Exception, obtaining most recent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029">GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exceptions_002c-Pure">Exceptions, Pure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception_005fInformation_0027">Exception_Information&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exception_005fInformation">Exception_Information</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception_005fMessage">Exception_Message</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exception_005fMessage">Exception_Message</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Exception_005fName">Exception_Name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exception_005fName">Exception_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export"><code>Export</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export-1"><code>Export</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export_005fException"><code>Export_Exception</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fException">Pragma Export_Exception</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export_005fFunction"><code>Export_Function</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export_005fObject"><code>Export_Object</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fObject">Pragma Export_Object</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export_005fProcedure"><code>Export_Procedure</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export_005fValue"><code>Export_Value</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValue">Pragma Export_Value</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure"><code>Export_Valued_Procedure</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Extend_005fSystem"><code>Extend_System</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem">Pragma Extend_System</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Extensions_005fAllowed"><code>Extensions_Allowed</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-External"><code>External</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-External">Pragma External</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-External-Names_002c-casing">External Names, casing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-External_005fName_005fCasing"><code>External_Name_Casing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Fast_005fMath"><code>Fast_Math</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Fast_005fMath">Pragma Fast_Math</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel"><code>Favor_Top_Level</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-File">File</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#File">File</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-File-locking">File locking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly"><code>Finalize_Storage_Only</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Fixed_005fValue"><code>Fixed_Value</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fixed_005fValue">Fixed_Value</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Float-types">Float types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Floating_002dpoint-overflow">Floating-point overflow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Floating_002dPoint-Processor">Floating-Point Processor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Float_005fRepresentation"><code>Float_Representation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation">Pragma Float_Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Foreign-threads">Foreign threads</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Forking-a-new-process">Forking a new process</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads">Mapping Ada Tasks onto the Underlying Kernel Threads</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Formal-container-for-doubly-linked-lists">Formal container for doubly linked lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (a-cfdlli.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Formal-container-for-hashed-maps">Formal container for hashed maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps (a-cfhama.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Formal-container-for-hashed-sets">Formal container for hashed sets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets (a-cfhase.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Formal-container-for-ordered-maps">Formal container for ordered maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps (a-cforma.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Formal-container-for-ordered-sets">Formal container for ordered sets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets (a-cforse.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Formal-container-for-vectors">Formal container for vectors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029">Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors (a-cofove.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Fortran_002c-interfacing-with">Fortran, interfacing with</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-G">G</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Get_005fImmediate">Get_Immediate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Get_005fImmediate">Get_Immediate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Get_005fImmediate-1"><code>Get_Immediate</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Get_005fImmediate_002c-VxWorks">Get_Immediate, VxWorks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Global-storage-pool">Global storage pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT-Extensions">GNAT Extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Altivec</code> (<samp>g-altive.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Altivec.Conversions</code> (<samp>g-altcon.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations</code> (<samp>g-alveop.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types</code> (<samp>g-alvety.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views</code> (<samp>g-alvevi.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029">GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Array_Split</code> (<samp>g-arrspl.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.AWK</code> (<samp>g-awk.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Bounded_Buffers</code> (<samp>g-boubuf.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes</code> (<samp>g-boumai.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort</code> (<samp>g-bubsor.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A</code> (<samp>g-busora.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G</code> (<samp>g-busorg.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark</code> (<samp>g-byorma.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Byte_Swapping</code> (<samp>g-bytswa.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Calendar</code> (<samp>g-calend.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO</code> (<samp>g-catiio.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Case_Util</code> (<samp>g-casuti.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.CGI</code> (<samp>g-cgi.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.CGI.Cookie</code> (<samp>g-cgicoo.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.CGI.Debug</code> (<samp>g-cgideb.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029">GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Command_Line</code> (<samp>g-comlin.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Compiler_Version</code> (<samp>g-comver.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.CRC32</code> (<samp>g-crc32.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029">GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Ctrl_C</code> (<samp>g-ctrl_c.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Current_Exception</code> (<samp>g-curexc.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Debug_Pools</code> (<samp>g-debpoo.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Debug_Utilities</code> (<samp>g-debuti.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Decode_String</code> (<samp>g-decstr.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String</code> (<samp>g-deutst.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Directory_Operations</code> (<samp>g-dirope.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration</code> (<samp>g-diopit.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029">GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Dynamic_HTables</code> (<samp>g-dynhta.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Dynamic_Tables</code> (<samp>g-dyntab.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Encode_String</code> (<samp>g-encstr.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String</code> (<samp>g-enutst.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Exceptions</code> (<samp>g-expect.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Exception_Actions</code> (<samp>g-excact.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Exception_Traces</code> (<samp>g-exctra.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Expect</code> (<samp>g-expect.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029">GNAT.Expect (g-expect.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Expect.TTY</code> (<samp>g-exptty.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029">GNAT.Expect.TTY (g-exptty.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Float_Control</code> (<samp>g-flocon.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029">GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Heap_Sort</code> (<samp>g-heasor.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Heap_Sort_A</code> (<samp>g-hesora.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Heap_Sort_G</code> (<samp>g-hesorg.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.HTable</code> (<samp>g-htable.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.IO</code> (<samp>g-io.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.IO_Aux</code> (<samp>g-io_aux.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Lock_Files</code> (<samp>g-locfil.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random</code> (<samp>g-mbdira.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random</code> (<samp>g-mbflra.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.MD5</code> (<samp>g-md5.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029">GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Memory_Dump</code> (<samp>g-memdum.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception</code> (<samp>g-moreex.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029">GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.OS_Lib</code> (<samp>g-os_lib.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators</code> (<samp>g-pehage.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029">GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Random_Numbers</code> (<samp>g-rannum.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Regexp</code> (<samp>g-regexp.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Registry</code> (<samp>g-regist.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029">GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Regpat</code> (<samp>g-regpat.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info</code> (<samp>g-sestin.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Semaphores</code> (<samp>g-semaph.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029">GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Serial_Communications</code> (<samp>g-sercom.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029">GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SHA1</code> (<samp>g-sha1.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SHA224</code> (<samp>g-sha224.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SHA256</code> (<samp>g-sha256.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SHA384</code> (<samp>g-sha384.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SHA512</code> (<samp>g-sha512.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Signals</code> (<samp>g-signal.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029">GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Sockets</code> (<samp>g-socket.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029">GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Source_Info</code> (<samp>g-souinf.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-speche.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic</code> (<samp>g-spchge.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spitbol</code> (<samp>g-spitbo.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns</code> (<samp>g-spipat.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean</code> (<samp>g-sptabo.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer</code> (<samp>g-sptain.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString</code> (<samp>g-sptavs.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SSE</code> (<samp>g-sse.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029">GNAT.SSE (g-sse.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types</code> (<samp>g-ssvety.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029">GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types (g-ssvety.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Strings</code> (<samp>g-string.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029">GNAT.Strings (g-string.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.String_Split</code> (<samp>g-strspl.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Table</code> (<samp>g-table.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Task_Lock</code> (<samp>g-tasloc.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Threads</code> (<samp>g-thread.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Time_Stamp</code> (<samp>g-timsta.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Traceback</code> (<samp>g-traceb.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic</code> (<samp>g-trasym.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.UTF_32</code> (<samp>g-table.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-u3spch.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-wispch.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Wide_String_Split</code> (<samp>g-wistsp.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-zspche.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029"><code>GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split</code> (<samp>g-zistsp.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hash-functions">Hash functions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029">GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hash-tables">Hash tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hash-tables-1">Hash tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Has_005fAccess_005fValues"><code>Has_Access_Values</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues">Has_Access_Values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Has_005fDiscriminants"><code>Has_Discriminants</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Has_005fDiscriminants">Has_Discriminants</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Heap-usage_002c-implicit">Heap usage, implicit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IBM-Packed-Format">IBM Packed Format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ident"><code>Ident</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ident">Pragma Ident</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Image_002c-of-an-address">Image, of an address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Img"><code>Img</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Img">Img</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Immediate_005fReclamation"><code>Immediate_Reclamation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Immediate_005fReclamation">Immediate_Reclamation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Implementation_002ddependent-features">Implementation-dependent features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-This-Guide">About This Guide</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Implementation_005fDefined"><code>Implementation_Defined</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined">Pragma Implementation_Defined</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Implemented"><code>Implemented</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Implemented">Pragma Implemented</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Implicit_005fPacking"><code>Implicit_Packing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Import"><code>Import</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Import_005fException"><code>Import_Exception</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fException">Pragma Import_Exception</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Import_005fFunction"><code>Import_Function</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction">Pragma Import_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Import_005fObject"><code>Import_Object</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fObject">Pragma Import_Object</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Import_005fProcedure"><code>Import_Procedure</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure"><code>Import_Valued_Procedure</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Independent"><code>Independent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Independent">Pragma Independent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Independent_005fComponents"><code>Independent_Components</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Independent_005fComponents">Pragma Independent_Components</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Initialization_002c-suppression-of">Initialization, suppression of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Initialize_005fScalars"><code>Initialize_Scalars</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Inline_005fAlways"><code>Inline_Always</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fAlways">Pragma Inline_Always</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Inline_005fGeneric"><code>Inline_Generic</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric">Pragma Inline_Generic</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Input_002fOutput-facilities">Input/Output facilities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Input_002fOutput-facilities-1">Input/Output facilities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Integer-maps">Integer maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Integer-types">Integer types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Integer_005fValue"><code>Integer_Value</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Integer_005fValue">Integer_Value</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interface"><code>Interface</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Interface">Pragma Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces"><code>Interfaces</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029"><code>Interfaces.C.Extensions</code> (<samp>i-cexten.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Extensions (i-cexten.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029"><code>Interfaces.C.Streams</code> (<samp>i-cstrea.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029">Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029"><code>Interfaces.CPP</code> (<samp>i-cpp.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029"><code>Interfaces.Packed_Decimal</code> (<samp>i-pacdec.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029"><code>Interfaces.VxWorks</code> (<samp>i-vxwork.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029"><code>Interfaces.VxWorks.IO</code> (<samp>i-vxwoio.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interface_005fName"><code>Interface_Name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Interface_005fName">Pragma Interface_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing to C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing-to-VxWorks">Interfacing to VxWorks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing-to-VxWorks_0027-I_002fO">Interfacing to VxWorks&rsquo; I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing-with-C_002b_002b">Interfacing with C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass">Pragma CPP_Class</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing-with-C_002b_002b-1">Interfacing with C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing-with-C_002b_002b-2">Interfacing with C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interfacing_002c-to-C_002b_002b">Interfacing, to C++</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029">Interfaces.CPP (i-cpp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interrupt">Interrupt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interrupt-priority_002c-maximum">Interrupt priority, maximum</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interrupt-support">Interrupt support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interrupts"><code>Interrupts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interrupt_005fHandler"><code>Interrupt_Handler</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Interrupt_005fState"><code>Interrupt_State</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fState">Pragma Interrupt_State</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Intrinsic-operator">Intrinsic operator</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Intrinsic-Operators">Intrinsic Operators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Intrinsic-Subprograms">Intrinsic Subprograms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms">Intrinsic Subprograms</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Invalid-representations">Invalid representations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Invalid-values">Invalid values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Invalid_005fValue"><code>Invalid_Value</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invalid_005fValue">Invalid_Value</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Invariant"><code>Invariant</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Invariant">Pragma Invariant</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Keep_005fNames"><code>Keep_Names</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Keep_005fNames">Pragma Keep_Names</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Large"><code>Large</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Large">Large</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Latin_005f1-constants-for-Wide_005fCharacter">Latin_1 constants for Wide_Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Latin_005f1-constants-for-Wide_005fWide_005fCharacter">Latin_1 constants for Wide_Wide_Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Latin_005f9-constants-for-Character">Latin_9 constants for Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Latin_005f9-constants-for-Wide_005fCharacter">Latin_9 constants for Wide_Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Latin_005f9-constants-for-Wide_005fWide_005fCharacter">Latin_9 constants for Wide_Wide_Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029">Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-License"><code>License</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-License">Pragma License</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-License-checking">License checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-License">Pragma License</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Line">Line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Line">Line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Linker_005fAlias"><code>Linker_Alias</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fAlias">Pragma Linker_Alias</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Linker_005fConstructor"><code>Linker_Constructor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor">Pragma Linker_Constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Linker_005fDestructor"><code>Linker_Destructor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor">Pragma Linker_Destructor</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Linker_005fSection"><code>Linker_Section</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Linker_005fSection">Pragma Linker_Section</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Link_005fWith"><code>Link_With</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Link_005fWith">Pragma Link_With</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Little-endian">Little endian</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder">Default_Bit_Order</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Local-storage-pool">Local storage pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Locking">Locking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Locking-Policies">Locking Policies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Locking-using-files">Locking using files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029">GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Long_005fFloat"><code>Long_Float</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat">Pragma Long_Float</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Loop_005fOptimize"><code>Loop_Optimize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize">Pragma Loop_Optimize</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Machine-Code-insertions">Machine Code insertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Machine-Code-Insertions">Machine Code Insertions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Machine-operations">Machine operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Machine_005fAttribute"><code>Machine_Attribute</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute">Pragma Machine_Attribute</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Machine_005fSize"><code>Machine_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Machine_005fSize">Machine_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mailboxes">Mailboxes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Main"><code>Main</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Main">Pragma Main</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Main_005fStorage"><code>Main_Storage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage">Pragma Main_Storage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mantissa"><code>Mantissa</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mantissa">Mantissa</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Maps">Maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Maps-1">Maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Maximum_005fAlignment"><code>Maximum_Alignment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Maximum_005fAlignment">Maximum_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Maximum_005fAlignment-attribute"><code>Maximum_Alignment</code> attribute</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alignment-Clauses">Alignment Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting"><code>Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength"><code>Max_Entry_Queue_Length</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority"><code>Max_Interrupt_Priority</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fPriority"><code>Max_Priority</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fPriority">Max_Priority</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fProtected_005fEntries"><code>Max_Protected_Entries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fProtected_005fEntries">Max_Protected_Entries</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives"><code>Max_Select_Alternatives</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives">Max_Select_Alternatives</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking"><code>Max_Storage_At_Blocking</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fTasks"><code>Max_Tasks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fTasks">Max_Tasks</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Max_005fTask_005fEntries"><code>Max_Task_Entries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fTask_005fEntries">Max_Task_Entries</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mechanism_005fCode"><code>Mechanism_Code</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Memory-allocation">Memory allocation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029">System.Memory (s-memory.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Memory-corruption-debugging">Memory corruption debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Message-Digest-MD5">Message Digest MD5</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029">GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Multidimensional-arrays">Multidimensional arrays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Named-assertions">Named assertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check">Pragma Check</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Named-assertions-1">Named assertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Named-numbers_002c-representation-of">Named numbers, representation of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString">Universal_Literal_String</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Normalize_005fScalars"><code>Normalize_Scalars</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fAbort_005fStatements"><code>No_Abort_Statements</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fAbort_005fStatements">No_Abort_Statements</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators"><code>No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms"><code>No_Access_Subprograms</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms">No_Access_Subprograms</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fAllocators"><code>No_Allocators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fAllocators">No_Allocators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators"><code>No_Anonymous_Allocators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators">No_Anonymous_Allocators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fBody"><code>No_Body</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-No_005fBody">Pragma No_Body</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fCalendar"><code>No_Calendar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fCalendar">No_Calendar</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fCoextensions"><code>No_Coextensions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fCoextensions">No_Coextensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDefault_005fInitialization"><code>No_Default_Initialization</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDefault_005fInitialization">No_Default_Initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDelay"><code>No_Delay</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDelay">No_Delay</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDependence"><code>No_Dependence</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDependence">No_Dependence</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators"><code>No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDispatch"><code>No_Dispatch</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDispatch">No_Dispatch</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDispatching_005fCalls"><code>No_Dispatching_Calls</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDispatching_005fCalls">No_Dispatching_Calls</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment"><code>No_Dynamic_Attachment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment">No_Dynamic_Attachment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities"><code>No_Dynamic_Priorities</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities">No_Dynamic_Priorities</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fElaboration_005fCode"><code>No_Elaboration_Code</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Elaboration_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode"><code>No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fEntry_005fQueue"><code>No_Entry_Queue</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fEntry_005fQueue">No_Entry_Queue</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps"><code>No_Enumeration_Maps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps">No_Enumeration_Maps</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fExceptions"><code>No_Exceptions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fExceptions">No_Exceptions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fException_005fHandlers"><code>No_Exception_Handlers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fException_005fHandlers">No_Exception_Handlers</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fException_005fPropagation"><code>No_Exception_Propagation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fException_005fPropagation">No_Exception_Propagation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fException_005fRegistration"><code>No_Exception_Registration</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fException_005fRegistration">No_Exception_Registration</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fFinalization"><code>No_Finalization</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fFinalization">No_Finalization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fFixed_005fPoint"><code>No_Fixed_Point</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fFixed_005fPoint">No_Fixed_Point</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fFloating_005fPoint"><code>No_Floating_Point</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fFloating_005fPoint">No_Floating_Point</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications"><code>No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes"><code>No_Implementation_Attributes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes">No_Implementation_Attributes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers"><code>No_Implementation_Identifiers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers">No_Implementation_Identifiers</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas"><code>No_Implementation_Pragmas</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas">No_Implementation_Pragmas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions"><code>No_Implementation_Restrictions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions">No_Implementation_Restrictions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplementation_005fUnits"><code>No_Implementation_Units</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplementation_005fUnits">No_Implementation_Units</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing"><code>No_Implicit_Aliasing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing">No_Implicit_Aliasing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals"><code>No_Implicit_Conditionals</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals">No_Implicit_Conditionals</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode"><code>No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations"><code>No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fImplicit_005fLoops"><code>No_Implicit_Loops</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fLoops">No_Implicit_Loops</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fInitialize_005fScalars"><code>No_Initialize_Scalars</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fInitialize_005fScalars">No_Initialize_Scalars</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fInline"><code>No_Inline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-No_005fInline">Pragma No_Inline</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fIO"><code>No_IO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fIO">No_IO</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fLocal_005fAllocators"><code>No_Local_Allocators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fLocal_005fAllocators">No_Local_Allocators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects"><code>No_Local_Protected_Objects</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects">No_Local_Protected_Objects</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents"><code>No_Local_Timing_Events</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents">No_Local_Timing_Events</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fNested_005fFinalization"><code>No_Nested_Finalization</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fNested_005fFinalization">No_Nested_Finalization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures"><code>No_Obsolescent_Features</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures">No_Obsolescent_Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fProtected_005fTypes"><code>No_Protected_Types</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fProtected_005fTypes">No_Protected_Types</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators"><code>No_Protected_Type_Allocators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fRecursion"><code>No_Recursion</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fRecursion">No_Recursion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fReentrancy"><code>No_Reentrancy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fReentrancy">No_Reentrancy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fRelative_005fDelay"><code>No_Relative_Delay</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fRelative_005fDelay">No_Relative_Delay</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fRequeue_005fStatements"><code>No_Requeue_Statements</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fRequeue_005fStatements">No_Requeue_Statements</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fReturn"><code>No_Return</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-No_005fReturn">Pragma No_Return</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fSecondary_005fStack"><code>No_Secondary_Stack</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fSecondary_005fStack">No_Secondary_Stack</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fSelect_005fStatements"><code>No_Select_Statements</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fSelect_005fStatements">No_Select_Statements</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect"><code>No_Specification_of_Aspect</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect">No_Specification_of_Aspect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers"><code>No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration"><code>No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools"><code>No_Standard_Storage_Pools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fStreams"><code>No_Streams</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fStreams">No_Streams</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fStream_005fOptimizations"><code>No_Stream_Optimizations</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fStream_005fOptimizations">No_Stream_Optimizations</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing"><code>No_Strict_Aliasing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fTasking"><code>No_Tasking</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fTasking">No_Tasking</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fTask_005fAllocators"><code>No_Task_Allocators</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fTask_005fAllocators">No_Task_Allocators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage"><code>No_Task_Attributes_Package</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage">No_Task_Attributes_Package</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fTask_005fHierarchy"><code>No_Task_Hierarchy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fTask_005fHierarchy">No_Task_Hierarchy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fTask_005fTermination"><code>No_Task_Termination</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fTask_005fTermination">No_Task_Termination</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives"><code>No_Terminate_Alternatives</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives">No_Terminate_Alternatives</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess"><code>No_Unchecked_Access</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess">No_Unchecked_Access</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-No_005fWide_005fCharacters"><code>No_Wide_Characters</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fWide_005fCharacters">No_Wide_Characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Null_005fOccurrence_002c-testing-for">Null_Occurrence, testing for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Null_005fOccurrence_002c-testing-for-1">Null_Occurrence, testing for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Null_005fParameter"><code>Null_Parameter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Null_005fParameter">Null_Parameter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Numerics">Numerics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Object_005fSize"><code>Object_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Object_005fSize">Object_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Object_005fSize-1"><code>Object_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses">Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Obsolescent"><code>Obsolescent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Obsolescent">Pragma Obsolescent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry">Pragma Ast_Entry</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-1">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-2">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fException">Pragma Export_Exception</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-3">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-4">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-5">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-6">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation">Pragma Float_Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-7">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ident">Pragma Ident</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-8">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fException">Pragma Import_Exception</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-9">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction">Pragma Import_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-10">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat">Pragma Long_Float</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-11">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Main">Pragma Main</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-12">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage">Pragma Main_Storage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-13">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice">Pragma Time_Slice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-14">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AST_005fEntry">AST_Entry</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenVMS-15">OpenVMS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Operating-System-interface">Operating System interface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Operations_002c-on-Address">Operations, on <code>Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Optimize_005fAlignment"><code>Optimize_Alignment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ordered"><code>Ordered</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ordered">Pragma Ordered</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ordering_002c-of-bits">ordering, of bits</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses">Bit_Order Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ordering_002c-of-bytes">ordering, of bytes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering">Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Overflow-checks"><code>Overflow checks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Overflow-mode"><code>Overflow mode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Overlaying-of-objects">Overlaying of objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Package-Interfaces">Package <code>Interfaces</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Package-Interrupts">Package <code>Interrupts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Package-Task_005fAttributes">Package <code>Task_Attributes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Packed-Decimal">Packed Decimal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029">Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Packed-types">Packed types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Parameters_002c-passing-mechanism">Parameters, passing mechanism</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Parameters_002c-when-passed-by-reference">Parameters, when passed by reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference">Passed_By_Reference</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Parameters_002c-when-passed-by-reference-1">Parameters, when passed by reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pool_005fAddress">Pool_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Parsing">Parsing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029">GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Parsing-1">Parsing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Parsing-2">Parsing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Partition-communication-subsystem">Partition communication subsystem</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Partition-interfacing-functions">Partition interfacing functions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029">System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy"><code>Partition_Elaboration_Policy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passed_005fBy_005fReference"><code>Passed_By_Reference</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference">Passed_By_Reference</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passing-by-copy">Passing by copy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passing-by-descriptor">Passing by descriptor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passing-by-descriptor-1">Passing by descriptor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passing-by-descriptor-2">Passing by descriptor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passing-by-descriptor-3">Passing by descriptor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction">Pragma Import_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Passive"><code>Passive</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Passive">Pragma Passive</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pattern-matching">Pattern matching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pattern-matching-1">Pattern matching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pattern-matching-2">Pattern matching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PCS">PCS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Persistent_005fBSS"><code>Persistent_BSS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS">Pragma Persistent_BSS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Polling"><code>Polling</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Polling">Pragma Polling</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pool_005fAddress"><code>Pool_Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pool_005fAddress">Pool_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Portability">Portability</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-This-Guide">About This Guide</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Postconditions">Postconditions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Postcondition">Pragma Postcondition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Postconditions-1"><code>Postconditions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Postcondition">Pragma Postcondition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pragma-Ada_005f2012">pragma <code>Ada_2012</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pragma-Ordered"><code>pragma <code>Ordered</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Ordered">Pragma Ordered</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pragma-Overflow_005fMode"><code>pragma <code>Overflow_Mode</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pragma-Pack-_0028for-arrays_0029">Pragma Pack (for arrays)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays">Pragma Pack for Arrays</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pragma-Pack-_0028for-records_0029">Pragma Pack (for records)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Records">Pragma Pack for Records</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pragma-Pack-_0028for-type-Natural_0029">Pragma Pack (for type Natural)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays">Pragma Pack for Arrays</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pragma-Pack-warning">Pragma Pack warning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays">Pragma Pack for Arrays</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pragma-Shared_005fPassive">pragma <code>Shared_Passive</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pragma_002c-representation">Pragma, representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pragmas">Pragmas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pre_002delaboration-requirements">Pre-elaboration requirements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Preconditions">Preconditions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Precondition">Pragma Precondition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Preconditions-1"><code>Preconditions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Precondition">Pragma Precondition</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Preelaborable_005fInitialization"><code>Preelaborable_Initialization</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Preemptive-abort">Preemptive abort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Priority_002c-maximum">Priority, maximum</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Max_005fPriority">Max_Priority</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching"><code>Priority_Specific_Dispatching</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Protected-procedure-handlers">Protected procedure handlers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Psect_005fObject"><code>Psect_Object</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Psect_005fObject">Pragma Psect_Object</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pure"><code>Pure</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction">Pragma Pure_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pure-packages_002c-exceptions">Pure packages, exceptions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029">GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pure_005fFunction"><code>Pure_Function</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction">Pragma Pure_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-R">R</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Random-number-generation">Random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Random-number-generation-1">Random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Random-number-generation-2">Random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029">GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Random-number-generation-3">Random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029">GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Range_005fLength"><code>Range_Length</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Range_005fLength">Range_Length</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rational-compatibility-mode"><code>Rational compatibility mode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029">Pragma Profile (Rational)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rational-Profile">Rational Profile</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rational-profile">Rational profile</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ravenscar"><code>Ravenscar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Read-attribute"><code>Read</code> attribute</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Real_002dTime-Systems-Annex-compliance">Real-Time Systems Annex compliance</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex">Ensuring Compliance with the Real-Time Annex</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Record-Representation-Clause">Record Representation Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Record-Representation-Clauses">Record Representation Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Record-representation-clauses">Record representation clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ref"><code>Ref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ref">Ref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Regular-expressions">Regular expressions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Regular-expressions-1">Regular expressions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Relative_005fDeadline"><code>Relative_Deadline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline">Pragma Relative_Deadline</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Remote_005fAccess_005fType"><code>Remote_Access_Type</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Removing-command-line-arguments">Removing command line arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-Clause">Representation Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-clauses">Representation clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-Clauses">Representation Clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-clauses_002c-enumeration">Representation clauses, enumeration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-clauses_002c-records">Representation clauses, records</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-of-enums">Representation of enums</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Enum_005fRep">Enum_Rep</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-of-enums-1">Representation of enums</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Enum_005fVal">Enum_Val</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-of-wide-characters">Representation of wide characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation-Pragma">Representation Pragma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas">Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Representation_002c-determination-of">Representation, determination of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT">Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Response-file-for-command-line">Response file for command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Restricted-Run-Time"><code>Restricted Run Time</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Restrictions-definitions">Restrictions definitions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029">System.Rident (s-rident.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Restriction_005fWarnings"><code>Restriction_Warnings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Result"><code>Result</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Result">Result</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Return-values_002c-passing-mechanism">Return values, passing mechanism</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rotate_005fLeft">Rotate_Left</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates">Shifts and Rotates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rotate_005fRight">Rotate_Right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates">Shifts and Rotates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Run_002dtime-restrictions-access">Run-time restrictions access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029">System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Safe_005fEmax"><code>Safe_Emax</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Safe_005fEmax">Safe_Emax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Safe_005fLarge"><code>Safe_Large</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Safe_005fLarge">Safe_Large</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Scalar-storage-order">Scalar storage order</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder">Scalar_Storage_Order</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder"><code>Scalar_Storage_Order</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder">Scalar_Storage_Order</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Secondary-Stack-Info">Secondary Stack Info</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029">GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d1">Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-1</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d224">Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-224</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d256">Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d384">Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-384</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Secure-Hash-Algorithm-SHA_002d512">Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-512</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029">GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Semaphores">Semaphores</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029">GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sequential-elaboration-policy">Sequential elaboration policy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Serial_005fCommunications">Serial_Communications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029">GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sets-of-strings">Sets of strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shared"><code>Shared</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Shared">Pragma Shared</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shared-passive-packages">Shared passive packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SHARED_005fMEMORY_005fDIRECTORY-environment-variable"><code>SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY</code> environment variable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shift_005fLeft">Shift_Left</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates">Shifts and Rotates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shift_005fRight">Shift_Right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates">Shifts and Rotates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shift_005fRight_005fArithmetic">Shift_Right_Arithmetic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shifts-and-Rotates">Shifts and Rotates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr"><code>Short_Circuit_And_Or</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Short_005fDescriptors"><code>Short_Descriptors</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors">Pragma Short_Descriptors</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Signals">Signals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029">GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Simple-I_002fO">Simple I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Simple-storage-pool">Simple storage pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Simple-storage-pool-1">Simple storage pool</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool">Simple_Storage_Pool</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Simple_005fBarriers"><code>Simple_Barriers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Simple_005fBarriers">Simple_Barriers</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool"><code>Simple_Storage_Pool</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool">Simple_Storage_Pool</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType"><code>Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size-Clause">Size Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Size-Clauses">Size Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size-clauses"><code>Size</code> clauses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size-for-biased-representation">Size for biased representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Biased-Representation">Biased Representation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size-of-Address">Size of <code>Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address_005fSize">Address_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size_002c-of-objects">Size, of objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses">Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size_002c-setting-for-not_002dfirst-subtype"><code>Size</code>, setting for not-first subtype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Value_005fSize">Value_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size_002c-used-for-objects">Size, used for objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Object_005fSize">Object_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size_002c-VADS-compatibility"><code>Size</code>, VADS compatibility</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size_002c-VADS-compatibility-1"><code>Size</code>, VADS compatibility</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#VADS_005fSize">VADS_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Size_002c-variant-record-objects">Size, variant record objects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects">Size of Variant Record Objects</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Small"><code>Small</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small">Small</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sockets">Sockets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029">GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sorting">Sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sorting-1">Sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sorting-2">Sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sorting-3">Sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sorting-4">Sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Sorting-5">Sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029">GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Source-Information">Source Information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029">GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Source_005fFile_005fName"><code>Source_File_Name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName">Pragma Source_File_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject"><code>Source_File_Name_Project</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Source_005fLocation">Source_Location</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Source_005fLocation">Source_Location</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Source_005fReference"><code>Source_Reference</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Source_005fReference">Pragma Source_Reference</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPARK"><code>SPARK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPARK">SPARK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spawn-capability">Spawn capability</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029">GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spell-checking">Spell checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spell-checking-1">Spell checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spell-checking-2">Spell checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spell-checking-3">Spell checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spell-checking-4">Spell checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPITBOL-interface">SPITBOL interface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPITBOL-pattern-matching">SPITBOL pattern matching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPITBOL-Tables">SPITBOL Tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPITBOL-Tables-1">SPITBOL Tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPITBOL-Tables-2">SPITBOL Tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired"><code>Static_Elaboration_Desired</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Static_005fPriorities"><code>Static_Priorities</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Static_005fPriorities">Static_Priorities</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Static_005fStorage_005fSize"><code>Static_Storage_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Static_005fStorage_005fSize">Static_Storage_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage-place-attributes">Storage place attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage-pool_002c-global">Storage pool, global</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage-pool_002c-local">Storage pool, local</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage-pool_002c-simple">Storage pool, simple</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage-pool_002c-simple-1">Storage pool, simple</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool">Simple_Storage_Pool</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage_005fSize-Clause">Storage_Size Clause</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Storage_005fSize-Clauses">Storage_Size Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage_005fUnit"><code>Storage_Unit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Storage_005fUnit-1"><code>Storage_Unit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Storage_005fUnit">Storage_Unit</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stream-files">Stream files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams">Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stream-operations">Stream operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stream-oriented-attributes">Stream oriented attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stream-oriented-attributes-1">Stream oriented attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stream_005fConvert"><code>Stream_Convert</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Stream_005fConvert">Pragma Stream_Convert</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-String-decoding">String decoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-String-encoding">String encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-String-maps">String maps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-String-splitter">String splitter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029">GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-String-stream-operations">String stream operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stub_005fType"><code>Stub_Type</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Stub_005fType">Stub_Type</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Style_005fChecks"><code>Style_Checks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Style_005fChecks">Pragma Style_Checks</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Subprogram-address">Subprogram address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code_005fAddress">Code_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Subtitle"><code>Subtitle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Subtitle">Pragma Subtitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppress"><code>Suppress</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Suppress">Pragma Suppress</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppressing-external-name">Suppressing external name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppressing-external-name-1">Suppressing external name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppressing-external-name-2">Suppressing external name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppressing-initialization">Suppressing initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppression-of-checks">Suppression of checks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppress_005fAll"><code>Suppress_All</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fAll">Pragma Suppress_All</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations"><code>Suppress_Exception_Locations</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suppress_005fInitialization"><code>Suppress_Initialization</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-extending"><code>system</code>, extending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem">Pragma Extend_System</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029"><code>System.Address_Image</code> (<samp>s-addima.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029">System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029"><code>System.Assertions</code> (<samp>s-assert.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029">System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029"><code>System.Memory</code> (<samp>s-memory.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029">System.Memory (s-memory.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029"><code>System.Partition_Interface</code> (<samp>s-parint.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029">System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029"><code>System.Pool_Global</code> (<samp>s-pooglo.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029"><code>System.Pool_Local</code> (<samp>s-pooloc.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029">System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029"><code>System.Restrictions</code> (<samp>s-restri.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029">System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029"><code>System.Rident</code> (<samp>s-rident.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029">System.Rident (s-rident.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029"><code>System.Strings.Stream_Ops</code> (<samp>s-ststop.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029">System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029"><code>System.Task_Info</code> (<samp>s-tasinf.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029">System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029"><code>System.Wch_Cnv</code> (<samp>s-wchcnv.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029"><code>System.Wch_Con</code> (<samp>s-wchcon.ads</samp>)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Con (s-wchcon.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment"><code>System_Allocator_Alignment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment">System_Allocator_Alignment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Table-implementation">Table implementation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029">GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Table-implementation-1">Table implementation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029">GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Target_005fName"><code>Target_Name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Target_005fName">Target_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task-locking">Task locking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task-specific-storage">Task specific storage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task-synchronization">Task synchronization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tasking-restrictions">Tasking restrictions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task_005fAttributes"><code>Task_Attributes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task_005fInfo"><code>Task_Info</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Task_005fInfo">Pragma Task_Info</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task_005fInfo-pragma">Task_Info pragma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029">System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task_005fName"><code>Task_Name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Task_005fName">Pragma Task_Name</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Task_005fStorage"><code>Task_Storage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Task_005fStorage">Pragma Task_Storage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Test-cases">Test cases</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase">Pragma Test_Case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Test_005fCase"><code>Test_Case</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase">Pragma Test_Case</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO">Text_IO</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029">GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO-extensions">Text_IO extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text_005fIO-Extensions">Text_IO Extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO-for-unbounded-strings">Text_IO for unbounded strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings">Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO-resetting-standard-files"><code>Text_IO</code> resetting standard files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO_002c-extensions-for-unbounded-strings"><code>Text_IO</code>, extensions for unbounded strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO_002c-extensions-for-unbounded-wide-strings"><code>Text_IO</code>, extensions for unbounded wide strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Text_005fIO_002c-extensions-for-unbounded-wide-wide-strings"><code>Text_IO</code>, extensions for unbounded wide wide strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Threads_002c-foreign">Threads, foreign</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029">GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage"><code>Thread_Local_Storage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tick"><code>Tick</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tick">Tick</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Time">Time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029">GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Time-stamp">Time stamp</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029">GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Time_002c-monotonic">Time, monotonic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Time_005fSlice"><code>Time_Slice</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice">Pragma Time_Slice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Title"><code>Title</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Title">Pragma Title</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TLS-_0028Thread-Local-Storage_0029">TLS (Thread Local Storage)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-To_005fAddress"><code>To_Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#To_005fAddress">To_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-To_005fAddress-1"><code>To_Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Address-Clauses">Address Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Trace-back-facilities">Trace back facilities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Trace-back-facilities-1">Trace back facilities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029">GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Traceback-for-Exception-Occurrence">Traceback for Exception Occurrence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029">Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trampoline">trampoline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Type_005fClass"><code>Type_Class</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Type_005fClass">Type_Class</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Typographical-conventions">Typographical conventions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UET_005fAddress"><code>UET_Address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UET_005fAddress">UET_Address</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unbounded_005fString_002c-IO-support"><code>Unbounded_String</code>, IO support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unbounded_005fString_002c-Text_005fIO-operations">Unbounded_String, Text_IO operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings">Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unbounded_005fWide_005fString_002c-IO-support"><code>Unbounded_Wide_String</code>, IO support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unbounded_005fWide_005fWide_005fString_002c-IO-support"><code>Unbounded_Wide_Wide_String</code>, IO support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029">Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unchecked-conversion">Unchecked conversion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unchecked-deallocation">Unchecked deallocation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unchecked_005fUnion"><code>Unchecked_Union</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unconstrained_005fArray"><code>Unconstrained_Array</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Unconstrained_005fArray">Unconstrained_Array</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-1">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-2">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-3">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-categorization_002c-Wide_005fCharacter">Unicode categorization, Wide_Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-categorization_002c-Wide_005fWide_005fCharacter">Unicode categorization, Wide_Wide_Character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unimplemented_005fUnit"><code>Unimplemented_Unit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unions-in-C">Unions in C</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Universal_005fAliasing"><code>Universal_Aliasing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing">Pragma Universal_Aliasing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Universal_005fData"><code>Universal_Data</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Universal_005fData">Pragma Universal_Data</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Universal_005fLiteral_005fString"><code>Universal_Literal_String</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString">Universal_Literal_String</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unmodified"><code>Unmodified</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unmodified">Pragma Unmodified</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unreferenced"><code>Unreferenced</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced">Pragma Unreferenced</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unreferenced_005fObjects"><code>Unreferenced_Objects</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts"><code>Unreserve_All_Interrupts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unrestricted_005fAccess"><code>Unrestricted_Access</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess">Unrestricted_Access</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unsuppress"><code>Unsuppress</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unsuppress">Pragma Unsuppress</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Use_005fVADS_005fSize"><code>Use_VADS_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8">UTF-8</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-1">UTF-8</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-2">UTF-8</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-3">UTF-8</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-representation">UTF-8 representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-string-decoding">UTF-8 string decoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-string-encoding">UTF-8 string encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VADS_005fSize"><code>VADS_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#VADS_005fSize">VADS_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Validity_005fChecks"><code>Validity_Checks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Validity_005fChecks">Pragma Validity_Checks</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Valid_005fScalars"><code>Valid_Scalars</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Valid_005fScalars">Valid_Scalars</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Value_005fSize"><code>Value_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Value_005fSize">Value_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Value_005fSize-1"><code>Value_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses">Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Variant-record-objects_002c-size">Variant record objects, size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects">Size of Variant Record Objects</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Version_002c-of-compiler">Version, of compiler</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029">GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Volatile"><code>Volatile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Volatile">Pragma Volatile</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VxWorks_002c-Get_005fImmediate">VxWorks, Get_Immediate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VxWorks_002c-I_002fO-interfacing">VxWorks, I/O interfacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VxWorks_002c-interfacing">VxWorks, interfacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029">Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-W">W</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Warnings"><code>Warnings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Warnings">Pragma Warnings</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Warnings_002c-unmodified">Warnings, unmodified</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unmodified">Pragma Unmodified</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Warnings_002c-unreferenced">Warnings, unreferenced</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced">Pragma Unreferenced</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Warnings_002c-unreferenced-1">Warnings, unreferenced</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wchar_005fT_005fSize"><code>Wchar_T_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Wchar_005fT_005fSize">Wchar_T_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Weak_005fExternal"><code>Weak_External</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Weak_005fExternal">Pragma Weak_External</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-characte-representations">Wide characte representations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029">GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-character-codes">Wide character codes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029">GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-character-decoding">Wide character decoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-character-encoding">Wide character encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-character-encoding-1">Wide character encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-character-encoding-2">Wide character encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-Character_002c-Representation">Wide Character, Representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide-String_002c-Conversion">Wide String, Conversion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding"><code>Wide_Character_Encoding</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide_005fString-splitter">Wide_String splitter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide_005fText_005fIO-resetting-standard-files"><code>Wide_Text_IO</code> resetting standard files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide_005fWide_005fString-splitter">Wide_Wide_String splitter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029">GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-resetting-standard-files"><code>Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> resetting standard files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029">Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Windows-Registry">Windows Registry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029">GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Word_005fSize"><code>Word_Size</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Word_005fSize">Word_Size</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Write-attribute"><code>Write</code> attribute</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XDR-representation">XDR representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implementation-Advice">Implementation Advice</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Zero-address_002c-passing">Zero address, passing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Null_005fParameter">Null_Parameter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
</table>
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</td></tr></table>

<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>

<div class="contents">

<ul class="no-bullet">
  <li><a name="toc-About-This-Guide-1" href="#About-This-Guide">About This Guide</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains-1" href="#What-This-Reference-Manual-Contains">What This Reference Manual Contains</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Conventions-1" href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Related-Information-1" href="#Related-Information">Related Information</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Implementation-Defined-Pragmas-1" href="#Implementation-Defined-Pragmas">1 Implementation Defined Pragmas</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Abort_005fDefer-1" href="#Pragma-Abort_005fDefer">Pragma Abort_Defer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ada_005f83-1" href="#Pragma-Ada_005f83">Pragma Ada_83</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ada_005f95-1" href="#Pragma-Ada_005f95">Pragma Ada_95</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ada_005f05-1" href="#Pragma-Ada_005f05">Pragma Ada_05</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ada_005f2005-1" href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2005">Pragma Ada_2005</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ada_005f12-1" href="#Pragma-Ada_005f12">Pragma Ada_12</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ada_005f2012-1" href="#Pragma-Ada_005f2012">Pragma Ada_2012</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Annotate-1" href="#Pragma-Annotate">Pragma Annotate</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Assert-1" href="#Pragma-Assert">Pragma Assert</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy-1" href="#Pragma-Assertion_005fPolicy">Pragma Assertion_Policy</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues-1" href="#Pragma-Assume_005fNo_005fInvalid_005fValues">Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ast_005fEntry-1" href="#Pragma-Ast_005fEntry">Pragma Ast_Entry</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition-1" href="#Pragma-Attribute_005fDefinition">Pragma Attribute_Definition</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy-1" href="#Pragma-C_005fPass_005fBy_005fCopy">Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Check-1" href="#Pragma-Check">Pragma Check</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow-1" href="#Pragma-Check_005fFloat_005fOverflow">Pragma Check_Float_Overflow</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Check_005fName-1" href="#Pragma-Check_005fName">Pragma Check_Name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Check_005fPolicy-1" href="#Pragma-Check_005fPolicy">Pragma Check_Policy</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Comment-1" href="#Pragma-Comment">Pragma Comment</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Common_005fObject-1" href="#Pragma-Common_005fObject">Pragma Common_Object</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError-1" href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fError">Pragma Compile_Time_Error</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning-1" href="#Pragma-Compile_005fTime_005fWarning">Pragma Compile_Time_Warning</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit-1" href="#Pragma-Compiler_005fUnit">Pragma Compiler_Unit</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation-1" href="#Pragma-Complete_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complete_Representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation-1" href="#Pragma-Complex_005fRepresentation">Pragma Complex_Representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Component_005fAlignment-1" href="#Pragma-Component_005fAlignment">Pragma Component_Alignment</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Contract_005fCase-1" href="#Pragma-Contract_005fCase">Pragma Contract_Case</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier-1" href="#Pragma-Convention_005fIdentifier">Pragma Convention_Identifier</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-CPP_005fClass-1" href="#Pragma-CPP_005fClass">Pragma CPP_Class</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor-1" href="#Pragma-CPP_005fConstructor">Pragma CPP_Constructor</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual-1" href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVirtual">Pragma CPP_Virtual</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-CPP_005fVtable-1" href="#Pragma-CPP_005fVtable">Pragma CPP_Vtable</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-CPU-1" href="#Pragma-CPU">Pragma CPU</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Debug-1" href="#Pragma-Debug">Pragma Debug</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy-1" href="#Pragma-Debug_005fPolicy">Pragma Debug_Policy</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool-1" href="#Pragma-Default_005fStorage_005fPool">Pragma Default_Storage_Pool</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking-1" href="#Pragma-Detect_005fBlocking">Pragma Detect_Blocking</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain-1" href="#Pragma-Dispatching_005fDomain">Pragma Dispatching_Domain</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks-1" href="#Pragma-Elaboration_005fChecks">Pragma Elaboration_Checks</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Eliminate-1" href="#Pragma-Eliminate">Pragma Eliminate</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Export_005fException-1" href="#Pragma-Export_005fException">Pragma Export_Exception</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Export_005fFunction-1" href="#Pragma-Export_005fFunction">Pragma Export_Function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Export_005fObject-1" href="#Pragma-Export_005fObject">Pragma Export_Object</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Export_005fProcedure-1" href="#Pragma-Export_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Procedure</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Export_005fValue-1" href="#Pragma-Export_005fValue">Pragma Export_Value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure-1" href="#Pragma-Export_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Extend_005fSystem-1" href="#Pragma-Extend_005fSystem">Pragma Extend_System</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed-1" href="#Pragma-Extensions_005fAllowed">Pragma Extensions_Allowed</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-External-1" href="#Pragma-External">Pragma External</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing-1" href="#Pragma-External_005fName_005fCasing">Pragma External_Name_Casing</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Fast_005fMath-1" href="#Pragma-Fast_005fMath">Pragma Fast_Math</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel-1" href="#Pragma-Favor_005fTop_005fLevel">Pragma Favor_Top_Level</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly-1" href="#Pragma-Finalize_005fStorage_005fOnly">Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation-1" href="#Pragma-Float_005fRepresentation">Pragma Float_Representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ident-1" href="#Pragma-Ident">Pragma Ident</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined-1" href="#Pragma-Implementation_005fDefined">Pragma Implementation_Defined</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Implemented-1" href="#Pragma-Implemented">Pragma Implemented</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking-1" href="#Pragma-Implicit_005fPacking">Pragma Implicit_Packing</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Import_005fException-1" href="#Pragma-Import_005fException">Pragma Import_Exception</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Import_005fFunction-1" href="#Pragma-Import_005fFunction">Pragma Import_Function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Import_005fObject-1" href="#Pragma-Import_005fObject">Pragma Import_Object</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Import_005fProcedure-1" href="#Pragma-Import_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Procedure</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure-1" href="#Pragma-Import_005fValued_005fProcedure">Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Independent-1" href="#Pragma-Independent">Pragma Independent</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Independent_005fComponents-1" href="#Pragma-Independent_005fComponents">Pragma Independent_Components</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars-1" href="#Pragma-Initialize_005fScalars">Pragma Initialize_Scalars</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Inline_005fAlways-1" href="#Pragma-Inline_005fAlways">Pragma Inline_Always</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric-1" href="#Pragma-Inline_005fGeneric">Pragma Inline_Generic</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Interface-1" href="#Pragma-Interface">Pragma Interface</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Interface_005fName-1" href="#Pragma-Interface_005fName">Pragma Interface_Name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler-1" href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fHandler">Pragma Interrupt_Handler</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Interrupt_005fState-1" href="#Pragma-Interrupt_005fState">Pragma Interrupt_State</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Invariant-1" href="#Pragma-Invariant">Pragma Invariant</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Keep_005fNames-1" href="#Pragma-Keep_005fNames">Pragma Keep_Names</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-License-1" href="#Pragma-License">Pragma License</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Link_005fWith-1" href="#Pragma-Link_005fWith">Pragma Link_With</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Linker_005fAlias-1" href="#Pragma-Linker_005fAlias">Pragma Linker_Alias</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor-1" href="#Pragma-Linker_005fConstructor">Pragma Linker_Constructor</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor-1" href="#Pragma-Linker_005fDestructor">Pragma Linker_Destructor</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Linker_005fSection-1" href="#Pragma-Linker_005fSection">Pragma Linker_Section</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Long_005fFloat-1" href="#Pragma-Long_005fFloat">Pragma Long_Float</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize-1" href="#Pragma-Loop_005fOptimize">Pragma Loop_Optimize</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute-1" href="#Pragma-Machine_005fAttribute">Pragma Machine_Attribute</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Main-1" href="#Pragma-Main">Pragma Main</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Main_005fStorage-1" href="#Pragma-Main_005fStorage">Pragma Main_Storage</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-No_005fBody-1" href="#Pragma-No_005fBody">Pragma No_Body</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-No_005fInline-1" href="#Pragma-No_005fInline">Pragma No_Inline</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-No_005fReturn-1" href="#Pragma-No_005fReturn">Pragma No_Return</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing-1" href="#Pragma-No_005fStrict_005fAliasing">Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars-1" href="#Pragma-Normalize_005fScalars">Pragma Normalize_Scalars</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Obsolescent-1" href="#Pragma-Obsolescent">Pragma Obsolescent</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment-1" href="#Pragma-Optimize_005fAlignment">Pragma Optimize_Alignment</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Ordered-1" href="#Pragma-Ordered">Pragma Ordered</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Overflow_005fMode-1" href="#Pragma-Overflow_005fMode">Pragma Overflow_Mode</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy-1" href="#Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy">Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Passive-1" href="#Pragma-Passive">Pragma Passive</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS-1" href="#Pragma-Persistent_005fBSS">Pragma Persistent_BSS</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Polling-1" href="#Pragma-Polling">Pragma Polling</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Postcondition-1" href="#Pragma-Postcondition">Pragma Postcondition</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization-1" href="#Pragma-Preelaborable_005fInitialization">Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching-1" href="#Pragma-Priority_005fSpecific_005fDispatching">Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Precondition-1" href="#Pragma-Precondition">Pragma Precondition</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029-1" href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Ravenscar_0029">Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029-1" href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Restricted_0029">Pragma Profile (Restricted)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029-1" href="#Pragma-Profile-_0028Rational_0029">Pragma Profile (Rational)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Psect_005fObject-1" href="#Pragma-Psect_005fObject">Pragma Psect_Object</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Pure_005fFunction-1" href="#Pragma-Pure_005fFunction">Pragma Pure_Function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline-1" href="#Pragma-Relative_005fDeadline">Pragma Relative_Deadline</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType-1" href="#Pragma-Remote_005fAccess_005fType">Pragma Remote_Access_Type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings-1" href="#Pragma-Restriction_005fWarnings">Pragma Restriction_Warnings</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Shared-1" href="#Pragma-Shared">Pragma Shared</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr-1" href="#Pragma-Short_005fCircuit_005fAnd_005fOr">Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors-1" href="#Pragma-Short_005fDescriptors">Pragma Short_Descriptors</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType-1" href="#Pragma-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool_005fType">Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName-1" href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName">Pragma Source_File_Name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject-1" href="#Pragma-Source_005fFile_005fName_005fProject">Pragma Source_File_Name_Project</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Source_005fReference-1" href="#Pragma-Source_005fReference">Pragma Source_Reference</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired-1" href="#Pragma-Static_005fElaboration_005fDesired">Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Stream_005fConvert-1" href="#Pragma-Stream_005fConvert">Pragma Stream_Convert</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Style_005fChecks-1" href="#Pragma-Style_005fChecks">Pragma Style_Checks</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Subtitle-1" href="#Pragma-Subtitle">Pragma Subtitle</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Suppress-1" href="#Pragma-Suppress">Pragma Suppress</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Suppress_005fAll-1" href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fAll">Pragma Suppress_All</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations-1" href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fException_005fLocations">Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization-1" href="#Pragma-Suppress_005fInitialization">Pragma Suppress_Initialization</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Task_005fInfo-1" href="#Pragma-Task_005fInfo">Pragma Task_Info</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Task_005fName-1" href="#Pragma-Task_005fName">Pragma Task_Name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Task_005fStorage-1" href="#Pragma-Task_005fStorage">Pragma Task_Storage</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Test_005fCase-1" href="#Pragma-Test_005fCase">Pragma Test_Case</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage-1" href="#Pragma-Thread_005fLocal_005fStorage">Pragma Thread_Local_Storage</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Time_005fSlice-1" href="#Pragma-Time_005fSlice">Pragma Time_Slice</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Title-1" href="#Pragma-Title">Pragma Title</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion-1" href="#Pragma-Unchecked_005fUnion">Pragma Unchecked_Union</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit-1" href="#Pragma-Unimplemented_005fUnit">Pragma Unimplemented_Unit</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing-1" href="#Pragma-Universal_005fAliasing">Pragma Universal_Aliasing</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Universal_005fData-1" href="#Pragma-Universal_005fData">Pragma Universal_Data</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unmodified-1" href="#Pragma-Unmodified">Pragma Unmodified</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unreferenced-1" href="#Pragma-Unreferenced">Pragma Unreferenced</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects-1" href="#Pragma-Unreferenced_005fObjects">Pragma Unreferenced_Objects</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts-1" href="#Pragma-Unreserve_005fAll_005fInterrupts">Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Unsuppress-1" href="#Pragma-Unsuppress">Pragma Unsuppress</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize-1" href="#Pragma-Use_005fVADS_005fSize">Pragma Use_VADS_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Validity_005fChecks-1" href="#Pragma-Validity_005fChecks">Pragma Validity_Checks</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Volatile-1" href="#Pragma-Volatile">Pragma Volatile</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Warnings-1" href="#Pragma-Warnings">Pragma Warnings</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Weak_005fExternal-1" href="#Pragma-Weak_005fExternal">Pragma Weak_External</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding-1" href="#Pragma-Wide_005fCharacter_005fEncoding">Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Implementation-Defined-Attributes-1" href="#Implementation-Defined-Attributes">2 Implementation Defined Attributes</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Abort_005fSignal-1" href="#Abort_005fSignal">Abort_Signal</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Address_005fSize-1" href="#Address_005fSize">Address_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Asm_005fInput-1" href="#Asm_005fInput">Asm_Input</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Asm_005fOutput-1" href="#Asm_005fOutput">Asm_Output</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-AST_005fEntry-1" href="#AST_005fEntry">AST_Entry</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Bit-1" href="#Bit">Bit</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Bit_005fPosition-1" href="#Bit_005fPosition">Bit_Position</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Compiler_005fVersion-1" href="#Compiler_005fVersion">Compiler_Version</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Code_005fAddress-1" href="#Code_005fAddress">Code_Address</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Default_005fBit_005fOrder-1" href="#Default_005fBit_005fOrder">Default_Bit_Order</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Descriptor_005fSize-1" href="#Descriptor_005fSize">Descriptor_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Elaborated-1" href="#Elaborated">Elaborated</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Elab_005fBody-1" href="#Elab_005fBody">Elab_Body</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Elab_005fSpec-1" href="#Elab_005fSpec">Elab_Spec</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Elab_005fSubp_005fBody-1" href="#Elab_005fSubp_005fBody">Elab_Subp_Body</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Emax-1" href="#Emax">Emax</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Enabled-1" href="#Enabled">Enabled</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Enum_005fRep-1" href="#Enum_005fRep">Enum_Rep</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Enum_005fVal-1" href="#Enum_005fVal">Enum_Val</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Epsilon-1" href="#Epsilon">Epsilon</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Fixed_005fValue-1" href="#Fixed_005fValue">Fixed_Value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Has_005fAccess_005fValues-1" href="#Has_005fAccess_005fValues">Has_Access_Values</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Has_005fDiscriminants-1" href="#Has_005fDiscriminants">Has_Discriminants</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Img-1" href="#Img">Img</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Integer_005fValue-1" href="#Integer_005fValue">Integer_Value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Invalid_005fValue-1" href="#Invalid_005fValue">Invalid_Value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Large-1" href="#Large">Large</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Machine_005fSize-1" href="#Machine_005fSize">Machine_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Mantissa-1" href="#Mantissa">Mantissa</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority-1" href="#Max_005fInterrupt_005fPriority">Max_Interrupt_Priority</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Max_005fPriority-1" href="#Max_005fPriority">Max_Priority</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Maximum_005fAlignment-1" href="#Maximum_005fAlignment">Maximum_Alignment</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Mechanism_005fCode-1" href="#Mechanism_005fCode">Mechanism_Code</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Null_005fParameter-1" href="#Null_005fParameter">Null_Parameter</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Object_005fSize-1" href="#Object_005fSize">Object_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Passed_005fBy_005fReference-1" href="#Passed_005fBy_005fReference">Passed_By_Reference</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pool_005fAddress-1" href="#Pool_005fAddress">Pool_Address</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Range_005fLength-1" href="#Range_005fLength">Range_Length</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ref-1" href="#Ref">Ref</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Result-1" href="#Result">Result</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Safe_005fEmax-1" href="#Safe_005fEmax">Safe_Emax</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Safe_005fLarge-1" href="#Safe_005fLarge">Safe_Large</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder-1" href="#Scalar_005fStorage_005fOrder">Scalar_Storage_Order</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Simple_005fStorage_005fPool-1" href="#Simple_005fStorage_005fPool">Simple_Storage_Pool</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Small-1" href="#Small">Small</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Storage_005fUnit-1" href="#Storage_005fUnit">Storage_Unit</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Stub_005fType-1" href="#Stub_005fType">Stub_Type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment-1" href="#System_005fAllocator_005fAlignment">System_Allocator_Alignment</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Target_005fName-1" href="#Target_005fName">Target_Name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Tick-1" href="#Tick">Tick</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-To_005fAddress-1" href="#To_005fAddress">To_Address</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Type_005fClass-1" href="#Type_005fClass">Type_Class</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-UET_005fAddress-1" href="#UET_005fAddress">UET_Address</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Unconstrained_005fArray-1" href="#Unconstrained_005fArray">Unconstrained_Array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Universal_005fLiteral_005fString-1" href="#Universal_005fLiteral_005fString">Universal_Literal_String</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Unrestricted_005fAccess-1" href="#Unrestricted_005fAccess">Unrestricted_Access</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Valid_005fScalars-1" href="#Valid_005fScalars">Valid_Scalars</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-VADS_005fSize-1" href="#VADS_005fSize">VADS_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Value_005fSize-1" href="#Value_005fSize">Value_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Wchar_005fT_005fSize-1" href="#Wchar_005fT_005fSize">Wchar_T_Size</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Word_005fSize-1" href="#Word_005fSize">Word_Size</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions-1" href="#Standard-and-Implementation-Defined-Restrictions">3 Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Partition_002dWide-Restrictions-1" href="#Partition_002dWide-Restrictions">3.1 Partition-Wide Restrictions</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Immediate_005fReclamation-1" href="#Immediate_005fReclamation">Immediate_Reclamation</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting-1" href="#Max_005fAsynchronous_005fSelect_005fNesting">Max_Asynchronous_Select_Nesting</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength-1" href="#Max_005fEntry_005fQueue_005fLength">Max_Entry_Queue_Length</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fProtected_005fEntries-1" href="#Max_005fProtected_005fEntries">Max_Protected_Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives-1" href="#Max_005fSelect_005fAlternatives">Max_Select_Alternatives</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking-1" href="#Max_005fStorage_005fAt_005fBlocking">Max_Storage_At_Blocking</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fTask_005fEntries-1" href="#Max_005fTask_005fEntries">Max_Task_Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Max_005fTasks-1" href="#Max_005fTasks">Max_Tasks</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fAbort_005fStatements-1" href="#No_005fAbort_005fStatements">No_Abort_Statements</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators-1" href="#No_005fAccess_005fParameter_005fAllocators">No_Access_Parameter_Allocators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms-1" href="#No_005fAccess_005fSubprograms">No_Access_Subprograms</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fAllocators-1" href="#No_005fAllocators">No_Allocators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators-1" href="#No_005fAnonymous_005fAllocators">No_Anonymous_Allocators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fCalendar-1" href="#No_005fCalendar">No_Calendar</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fCoextensions-1" href="#No_005fCoextensions">No_Coextensions</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDefault_005fInitialization-1" href="#No_005fDefault_005fInitialization">No_Default_Initialization</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDelay-1" href="#No_005fDelay">No_Delay</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDependence-1" href="#No_005fDependence">No_Dependence</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators-1" href="#No_005fDirect_005fBoolean_005fOperators">No_Direct_Boolean_Operators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDispatch-1" href="#No_005fDispatch">No_Dispatch</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDispatching_005fCalls-1" href="#No_005fDispatching_005fCalls">No_Dispatching_Calls</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment-1" href="#No_005fDynamic_005fAttachment">No_Dynamic_Attachment</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities-1" href="#No_005fDynamic_005fPriorities">No_Dynamic_Priorities</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode-1" href="#No_005fEntry_005fCalls_005fIn_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Entry_Calls_In_Elaboration_Code</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps-1" href="#No_005fEnumeration_005fMaps">No_Enumeration_Maps</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fException_005fHandlers-1" href="#No_005fException_005fHandlers">No_Exception_Handlers</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fException_005fPropagation-1" href="#No_005fException_005fPropagation">No_Exception_Propagation</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fException_005fRegistration-1" href="#No_005fException_005fRegistration">No_Exception_Registration</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fExceptions-1" href="#No_005fExceptions">No_Exceptions</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fFinalization-1" href="#No_005fFinalization">No_Finalization</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fFixed_005fPoint-1" href="#No_005fFixed_005fPoint">No_Fixed_Point</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fFloating_005fPoint-1" href="#No_005fFloating_005fPoint">No_Floating_Point</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals-1" href="#No_005fImplicit_005fConditionals">No_Implicit_Conditionals</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode-1" href="#No_005fImplicit_005fDynamic_005fCode">No_Implicit_Dynamic_Code</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations-1" href="#No_005fImplicit_005fHeap_005fAllocations">No_Implicit_Heap_Allocations</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplicit_005fLoops-1" href="#No_005fImplicit_005fLoops">No_Implicit_Loops</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fInitialize_005fScalars-1" href="#No_005fInitialize_005fScalars">No_Initialize_Scalars</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fIO-1" href="#No_005fIO">No_IO</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fLocal_005fAllocators-1" href="#No_005fLocal_005fAllocators">No_Local_Allocators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects-1" href="#No_005fLocal_005fProtected_005fObjects">No_Local_Protected_Objects</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents-1" href="#No_005fLocal_005fTiming_005fEvents">No_Local_Timing_Events</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fNested_005fFinalization-1" href="#No_005fNested_005fFinalization">No_Nested_Finalization</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators-1" href="#No_005fProtected_005fType_005fAllocators">No_Protected_Type_Allocators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fProtected_005fTypes-1" href="#No_005fProtected_005fTypes">No_Protected_Types</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fRecursion-1" href="#No_005fRecursion">No_Recursion</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fReentrancy-1" href="#No_005fReentrancy">No_Reentrancy</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fRelative_005fDelay-1" href="#No_005fRelative_005fDelay">No_Relative_Delay</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fRequeue_005fStatements-1" href="#No_005fRequeue_005fStatements">No_Requeue_Statements</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fSecondary_005fStack-1" href="#No_005fSecondary_005fStack">No_Secondary_Stack</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fSelect_005fStatements-1" href="#No_005fSelect_005fStatements">No_Select_Statements</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers-1" href="#No_005fSpecific_005fTermination_005fHandlers">No_Specific_Termination_Handlers</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect-1" href="#No_005fSpecification_005fof_005fAspect">No_Specification_of_Aspect</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration-1" href="#No_005fStandard_005fAllocators_005fAfter_005fElaboration">No_Standard_Allocators_After_Elaboration</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools-1" href="#No_005fStandard_005fStorage_005fPools">No_Standard_Storage_Pools</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fStream_005fOptimizations-1" href="#No_005fStream_005fOptimizations">No_Stream_Optimizations</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fStreams-1" href="#No_005fStreams">No_Streams</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fTask_005fAllocators-1" href="#No_005fTask_005fAllocators">No_Task_Allocators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage-1" href="#No_005fTask_005fAttributes_005fPackage">No_Task_Attributes_Package</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fTask_005fHierarchy-1" href="#No_005fTask_005fHierarchy">No_Task_Hierarchy</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fTask_005fTermination-1" href="#No_005fTask_005fTermination">No_Task_Termination</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fTasking-1" href="#No_005fTasking">No_Tasking</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives-1" href="#No_005fTerminate_005fAlternatives">No_Terminate_Alternatives</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess-1" href="#No_005fUnchecked_005fAccess">No_Unchecked_Access</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Simple_005fBarriers-1" href="#Simple_005fBarriers">Simple_Barriers</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Static_005fPriorities-1" href="#Static_005fPriorities">Static_Priorities</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Static_005fStorage_005fSize-1" href="#Static_005fStorage_005fSize">Static_Storage_Size</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions-1" href="#Program-Unit-Level-Restrictions">3.2 Program Unit Level Restrictions</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fElaboration_005fCode-1" href="#No_005fElaboration_005fCode">No_Elaboration_Code</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fEntry_005fQueue-1" href="#No_005fEntry_005fQueue">No_Entry_Queue</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications-1" href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAspect_005fSpecifications">No_Implementation_Aspect_Specifications</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes-1" href="#No_005fImplementation_005fAttributes">No_Implementation_Attributes</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers-1" href="#No_005fImplementation_005fIdentifiers">No_Implementation_Identifiers</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas-1" href="#No_005fImplementation_005fPragmas">No_Implementation_Pragmas</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions-1" href="#No_005fImplementation_005fRestrictions">No_Implementation_Restrictions</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplementation_005fUnits-1" href="#No_005fImplementation_005fUnits">No_Implementation_Units</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing-1" href="#No_005fImplicit_005fAliasing">No_Implicit_Aliasing</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures-1" href="#No_005fObsolescent_005fFeatures">No_Obsolescent_Features</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-No_005fWide_005fCharacters-1" href="#No_005fWide_005fCharacters">No_Wide_Characters</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-SPARK-1" href="#SPARK">SPARK</a></li>
    </ul></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Implementation-Advice-1" href="#Implementation-Advice">4 Implementation Advice</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-1_002e1_002e3_002820_0029_003a-Error-Detection" href="#g_t1_002e1_002e3_002820_0029_003a-Error-Detection">1.1.3(20): Error Detection</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-1_002e1_002e3_002831_0029_003a-Child-Units" href="#g_t1_002e1_002e3_002831_0029_003a-Child-Units">1.1.3(31): Child Units</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-1_002e1_002e5_002812_0029_003a-Bounded-Errors" href="#g_t1_002e1_002e5_002812_0029_003a-Bounded-Errors">1.1.5(12): Bounded Errors</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-2_002e8_002816_0029_003a-Pragmas" href="#g_t2_002e8_002816_0029_003a-Pragmas">2.8(16): Pragmas</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-2_002e8_002817_002d19_0029_003a-Pragmas" href="#g_t2_002e8_002817_002d19_0029_003a-Pragmas">2.8(17-19): Pragmas</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-3_002e5_002e2_00285_0029_003a-Alternative-Character-Sets" href="#g_t3_002e5_002e2_00285_0029_003a-Alternative-Character-Sets">3.5.2(5): Alternative Character Sets</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-3_002e5_002e4_002828_0029_003a-Integer-Types" href="#g_t3_002e5_002e4_002828_0029_003a-Integer-Types">3.5.4(28): Integer Types</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-3_002e5_002e4_002829_0029_003a-Integer-Types" href="#g_t3_002e5_002e4_002829_0029_003a-Integer-Types">3.5.4(29): Integer Types</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-3_002e5_002e5_00288_0029_003a-Enumeration-Values" href="#g_t3_002e5_002e5_00288_0029_003a-Enumeration-Values">3.5.5(8): Enumeration Values</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-3_002e5_002e7_002817_0029_003a-Float-Types" href="#g_t3_002e5_002e7_002817_0029_003a-Float-Types">3.5.7(17): Float Types</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-3_002e6_002e2_002811_0029_003a-Multidimensional-Arrays" href="#g_t3_002e6_002e2_002811_0029_003a-Multidimensional-Arrays">3.6.2(11): Multidimensional Arrays</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-9_002e6_002830_002d31_0029_003a-Duration_0027Small" href="#g_t9_002e6_002830_002d31_0029_003a-Duration_0027Small">9.6(30-31): Duration&rsquo;Small</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-10_002e2_002e1_002812_0029_003a-Consistent-Representation" href="#g_t10_002e2_002e1_002812_0029_003a-Consistent-Representation">10.2.1(12): Consistent Representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-11_002e4_002e1_002819_0029_003a-Exception-Information" href="#g_t11_002e4_002e1_002819_0029_003a-Exception-Information">11.4.1(19): Exception Information</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-11_002e5_002828_0029_003a-Suppression-of-Checks" href="#g_t11_002e5_002828_0029_003a-Suppression-of-Checks">11.5(28): Suppression of Checks</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e1-_002821_002d24_0029_003a-Representation-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e1-_002821_002d24_0029_003a-Representation-Clauses">13.1 (21-24): Representation Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e2_00286_002d8_0029_003a-Packed-Types" href="#g_t13_002e2_00286_002d8_0029_003a-Packed-Types">13.2(6-8): Packed Types</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e3_002814_002d19_0029_003a-Address-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e3_002814_002d19_0029_003a-Address-Clauses">13.3(14-19): Address Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e3_002829_002d35_0029_003a-Alignment-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e3_002829_002d35_0029_003a-Alignment-Clauses">13.3(29-35): Alignment Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e3_002842_002d43_0029_003a-Size-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e3_002842_002d43_0029_003a-Size-Clauses">13.3(42-43): Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e3_002850_002d56_0029_003a-Size-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e3_002850_002d56_0029_003a-Size-Clauses">13.3(50-56): Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e3_002871_002d73_0029_003a-Component-Size-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e3_002871_002d73_0029_003a-Component-Size-Clauses">13.3(71-73): Component Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e4_00289_002d10_0029_003a-Enumeration-Representation-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e4_00289_002d10_0029_003a-Enumeration-Representation-Clauses">13.4(9-10): Enumeration Representation Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e5_002e1_002817_002d22_0029_003a-Record-Representation-Clauses" href="#g_t13_002e5_002e1_002817_002d22_0029_003a-Record-Representation-Clauses">13.5.1(17-22): Record Representation Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e5_002e2_00285_0029_003a-Storage-Place-Attributes" href="#g_t13_002e5_002e2_00285_0029_003a-Storage-Place-Attributes">13.5.2(5): Storage Place Attributes</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e5_002e3_00287_002d8_0029_003a-Bit-Ordering" href="#g_t13_002e5_002e3_00287_002d8_0029_003a-Bit-Ordering">13.5.3(7-8): Bit Ordering</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e7_002837_0029_003a-Address-as-Private" href="#g_t13_002e7_002837_0029_003a-Address-as-Private">13.7(37): Address as Private</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e7_002e1_002816_0029_003a-Address-Operations" href="#g_t13_002e7_002e1_002816_0029_003a-Address-Operations">13.7.1(16): Address Operations</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e9_002814_002d17_0029_003a-Unchecked-Conversion" href="#g_t13_002e9_002814_002d17_0029_003a-Unchecked-Conversion">13.9(14-17): Unchecked Conversion</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e11_002823_002d25_0029_003a-Implicit-Heap-Usage" href="#g_t13_002e11_002823_002d25_0029_003a-Implicit-Heap-Usage">13.11(23-25): Implicit Heap Usage</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e11_002e2_002817_0029_003a-Unchecked-De_002dallocation" href="#g_t13_002e11_002e2_002817_0029_003a-Unchecked-De_002dallocation">13.11.2(17): Unchecked De-allocation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-13_002e13_002e2_002817_0029_003a-Stream-Oriented-Attributes" href="#g_t13_002e13_002e2_002817_0029_003a-Stream-Oriented-Attributes">13.13.2(17): Stream Oriented Attributes</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-A_002e1_002852_0029_003a-Names-of-Predefined-Numeric-Types" href="#A_002e1_002852_0029_003a-Names-of-Predefined-Numeric-Types">A.1(52): Names of Predefined Numeric Types</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-A_002e3_002e2_002849_0029_003a-Ada_002eCharacters_002eHandling" href="#A_002e3_002e2_002849_0029_003a-Ada_002eCharacters_002eHandling">A.3.2(49): <code>Ada.Characters.Handling</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-A_002e4_002e4_0028106_0029_003a-Bounded_002dLength-String-Handling" href="#A_002e4_002e4_0028106_0029_003a-Bounded_002dLength-String-Handling">A.4.4(106): Bounded-Length String Handling</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-A_002e5_002e2_002846_002d47_0029_003a-Random-Number-Generation" href="#A_002e5_002e2_002846_002d47_0029_003a-Random-Number-Generation">A.5.2(46-47): Random Number Generation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-A_002e10_002e7_002823_0029_003a-Get_005fImmediate" href="#A_002e10_002e7_002823_0029_003a-Get_005fImmediate">A.10.7(23): <code>Get_Immediate</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-B_002e1_002839_002d41_0029_003a-Pragma-Export" href="#B_002e1_002839_002d41_0029_003a-Pragma-Export">B.1(39-41): Pragma <code>Export</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-B_002e2_002812_002d13_0029_003a-Package-Interfaces" href="#B_002e2_002812_002d13_0029_003a-Package-Interfaces">B.2(12-13): Package <code>Interfaces</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-B_002e3_002863_002d71_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-C" href="#B_002e3_002863_002d71_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-C">B.3(63-71): Interfacing with C</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-B_002e4_002895_002d98_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-COBOL" href="#B_002e4_002895_002d98_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-COBOL">B.4(95-98): Interfacing with COBOL</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-B_002e5_002822_002d26_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-Fortran" href="#B_002e5_002822_002d26_0029_003a-Interfacing-with-Fortran">B.5(22-26): Interfacing with Fortran</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e1_00283_002d5_0029_003a-Access-to-Machine-Operations" href="#C_002e1_00283_002d5_0029_003a-Access-to-Machine-Operations">C.1(3-5): Access to Machine Operations</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e1_002810_002d16_0029_003a-Access-to-Machine-Operations" href="#C_002e1_002810_002d16_0029_003a-Access-to-Machine-Operations">C.1(10-16): Access to Machine Operations</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e3_002828_0029_003a-Interrupt-Support" href="#C_002e3_002828_0029_003a-Interrupt-Support">C.3(28): Interrupt Support</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e3_002e1_002820_002d21_0029_003a-Protected-Procedure-Handlers" href="#C_002e3_002e1_002820_002d21_0029_003a-Protected-Procedure-Handlers">C.3.1(20-21): Protected Procedure Handlers</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e3_002e2_002825_0029_003a-Package-Interrupts" href="#C_002e3_002e2_002825_0029_003a-Package-Interrupts">C.3.2(25): Package <code>Interrupts</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e4_002814_0029_003a-Pre_002delaboration-Requirements" href="#C_002e4_002814_0029_003a-Pre_002delaboration-Requirements">C.4(14): Pre-elaboration Requirements</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e5_00288_0029_003a-Pragma-Discard_005fNames" href="#C_002e5_00288_0029_003a-Pragma-Discard_005fNames">C.5(8): Pragma <code>Discard_Names</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_002e7_002e2_002830_0029_003a-The-Package-Task_005fAttributes" href="#C_002e7_002e2_002830_0029_003a-The-Package-Task_005fAttributes">C.7.2(30): The Package Task_Attributes</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-D_002e3_002817_0029_003a-Locking-Policies" href="#D_002e3_002817_0029_003a-Locking-Policies">D.3(17): Locking Policies</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-D_002e4_002816_0029_003a-Entry-Queuing-Policies" href="#D_002e4_002816_0029_003a-Entry-Queuing-Policies">D.4(16): Entry Queuing Policies</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-D_002e6_00289_002d10_0029_003a-Preemptive-Abort" href="#D_002e6_00289_002d10_0029_003a-Preemptive-Abort">D.6(9-10): Preemptive Abort</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-D_002e7_002821_0029_003a-Tasking-Restrictions" href="#D_002e7_002821_0029_003a-Tasking-Restrictions">D.7(21): Tasking Restrictions</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-D_002e8_002847_002d49_0029_003a-Monotonic-Time" href="#D_002e8_002847_002d49_0029_003a-Monotonic-Time">D.8(47-49): Monotonic Time</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-E_002e5_002828_002d29_0029_003a-Partition-Communication-Subsystem" href="#E_002e5_002828_002d29_0029_003a-Partition-Communication-Subsystem">E.5(28-29): Partition Communication Subsystem</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-F_00287_0029_003a-COBOL-Support" href="#F_00287_0029_003a-COBOL-Support">F(7): COBOL Support</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-F_002e1_00282_0029_003a-Decimal-Radix-Support" href="#F_002e1_00282_0029_003a-Decimal-Radix-Support">F.1(2): Decimal Radix Support</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-G_003a-Numerics" href="#G_003a-Numerics">G: Numerics</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-G_002e1_002e1_002856_002d58_0029_003a-Complex-Types" href="#G_002e1_002e1_002856_002d58_0029_003a-Complex-Types">G.1.1(56-58): Complex Types</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-G_002e1_002e2_002849_0029_003a-Complex-Elementary-Functions" href="#G_002e1_002e2_002849_0029_003a-Complex-Elementary-Functions">G.1.2(49): Complex Elementary Functions</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-G_002e2_002e4_002819_0029_003a-Accuracy-Requirements" href="#G_002e2_002e4_002819_0029_003a-Accuracy-Requirements">G.2.4(19): Accuracy Requirements</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-G_002e2_002e6_002815_0029_003a-Complex-Arithmetic-Accuracy" href="#G_002e2_002e6_002815_0029_003a-Complex-Arithmetic-Accuracy">G.2.6(15): Complex Arithmetic Accuracy</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-H_002e6_002815_002f2_0029_003a-Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy" href="#H_002e6_002815_002f2_0029_003a-Pragma-Partition_005fElaboration_005fPolicy">H.6(15/2): Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Implementation-Defined-Characteristics-1" href="#Implementation-Defined-Characteristics">5 Implementation Defined Characteristics</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Intrinsic-Subprograms-1" href="#Intrinsic-Subprograms">6 Intrinsic Subprograms</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Intrinsic-Operators-1" href="#Intrinsic-Operators">6.1 Intrinsic Operators</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Enclosing_005fEntity-1" href="#Enclosing_005fEntity">6.2 Enclosing_Entity</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Exception_005fInformation-1" href="#Exception_005fInformation">6.3 Exception_Information</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Exception_005fMessage-1" href="#Exception_005fMessage">6.4 Exception_Message</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Exception_005fName-1" href="#Exception_005fName">6.5 Exception_Name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-File-1" href="#File">6.6 File</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Line-1" href="#Line">6.7 Line</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Shifts-and-Rotates-1" href="#Shifts-and-Rotates">6.8 Shifts and Rotates</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Source_005fLocation-1" href="#Source_005fLocation">6.9 Source_Location</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas-1" href="#Representation-Clauses-and-Pragmas">7 Representation Clauses and Pragmas</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Alignment-Clauses-1" href="#Alignment-Clauses">7.1 Alignment Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Size-Clauses-1" href="#Size-Clauses">7.2 Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Storage_005fSize-Clauses-1" href="#Storage_005fSize-Clauses">7.3 Storage_Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects-1" href="#Size-of-Variant-Record-Objects">7.4 Size of Variant Record Objects</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Biased-Representation-1" href="#Biased-Representation">7.5 Biased Representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses-1" href="#Value_005fSize-and-Object_005fSize-Clauses">7.6 Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Component_005fSize-Clauses-1" href="#Component_005fSize-Clauses">7.7 Component_Size Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Bit_005fOrder-Clauses-1" href="#Bit_005fOrder-Clauses">7.8 Bit_Order Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering-1" href="#Effect-of-Bit_005fOrder-on-Byte-Ordering">7.9 Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays-1" href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Arrays">7.10 Pragma Pack for Arrays</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Pragma-Pack-for-Records-1" href="#Pragma-Pack-for-Records">7.11 Pragma Pack for Records</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Record-Representation-Clauses-1" href="#Record-Representation-Clauses">7.12 Record Representation Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Enumeration-Clauses-1" href="#Enumeration-Clauses">7.13 Enumeration Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Address-Clauses-1" href="#Address-Clauses">7.14 Address Clauses</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation-1" href="#Effect-of-Convention-on-Representation">7.15 Effect of Convention on Representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT-1" href="#Determining-the-Representations-chosen-by-GNAT">7.16 Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Standard-Library-Routines-1" href="#Standard-Library-Routines">8 Standard Library Routines</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO-1" href="#The-Implementation-of-Standard-I_002fO">9 The Implementation of Standard I/O</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Standard-I_002fO-Packages-1" href="#Standard-I_002fO-Packages">9.1 Standard I/O Packages</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FORM-Strings-1" href="#FORM-Strings">9.2 FORM Strings</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Direct_005fIO-1" href="#Direct_005fIO">9.3 Direct_IO</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Sequential_005fIO-1" href="#Sequential_005fIO">9.4 Sequential_IO</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Text_005fIO-1" href="#Text_005fIO">9.5 Text_IO</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Stream-Pointer-Positioning" href="#Text_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning">9.5.1 Stream Pointer Positioning</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files" href="#Text_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files">9.5.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Get_005fImmediate-1" href="#Get_005fImmediate">9.5.3 Get_Immediate</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams-1" href="#Treating-Text_005fIO-Files-as-Streams">9.5.4 Treating Text_IO Files as Streams</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Text_005fIO-Extensions-1" href="#Text_005fIO-Extensions">9.5.5 Text_IO Extensions</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings-1" href="#Text_005fIO-Facilities-for-Unbounded-Strings">9.5.6 Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Wide_005fText_005fIO-1" href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO">9.6 Wide_Text_IO</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Stream-Pointer-Positioning-1" href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning">9.6.1 Stream Pointer Positioning</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files-1" href="#Wide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files">9.6.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-1" href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO">9.7 Wide_Wide_Text_IO</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Stream-Pointer-Positioning-2" href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Stream-Pointer-Positioning">9.7.1 Stream Pointer Positioning</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files-2" href="#Wide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-Reading-and-Writing-Non_002dRegular-Files">9.7.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Stream_005fIO-1" href="#Stream_005fIO">9.8 Stream_IO</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Text-Translation-1" href="#Text-Translation">9.9 Text Translation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Shared-Files-1" href="#Shared-Files">9.10 Shared Files</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Filenames-encoding-1" href="#Filenames-encoding">9.11 Filenames encoding</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Open-Modes-1" href="#Open-Modes">9.12 Open Modes</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Operations-on-C-Streams-1" href="#Operations-on-C-Streams">9.13 Operations on C Streams</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-C-Streams-1" href="#Interfacing-to-C-Streams">9.14 Interfacing to C Streams</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-The-GNAT-Library-1" href="#The-GNAT-Library">10 The GNAT Library</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchlat9_002eads_0029">10.1 <code>Ada.Characters.Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-chlat9.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029">10.2 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1</code> (<samp>a-cwila1.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila1_002eads_0029" href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dcwila9_002eads_0029">10.3 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-cwila1.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f1-_0028a_002dchzla1_002eads_0029">10.4 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1</code> (<samp>a-chzla1.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCharacters_002eWide_005fWide_005fLatin_005f9-_0028a_002dchzla9_002eads_0029">10.5 <code>Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9</code> (<samp>a-chzla9.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fDoubly_005fLinked_005fLists-_0028a_002dcfdlli_002eads_0029">10.6 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists</code> (<samp>a-cfdlli.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcfhama_002eads_0029">10.7 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Maps</code> (<samp>a-cfhama.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fHashed_005fSets-_0028a_002dcfhase_002eads_0029">10.8 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Hashed_Sets</code> (<samp>a-cfhase.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fMaps-_0028a_002dcforma_002eads_0029">10.9 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Maps</code> (<samp>a-cforma.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fOrdered_005fSets-_0028a_002dcforse_002eads_0029">10.10 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Ordered_Sets</code> (<samp>a-cforse.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eContainers_002eFormal_005fVectors-_0028a_002dcofove_002eads_0029">10.11 <code>Ada.Containers.Formal_Vectors</code> (<samp>a-cofove.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eEnvironment-_0028a_002dcolien_002eads_0029">10.12 <code>Ada.Command_Line.Environment</code> (<samp>a-colien.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eRemove-_0028a_002dcolire_002eads_0029">10.13 <code>Ada.Command_Line.Remove</code> (<samp>a-colire.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eCommand_005fLine_002eResponse_005fFile-_0028a_002dclrefi_002eads_0029">10.14 <code>Ada.Command_Line.Response_File</code> (<samp>a-clrefi.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eDirect_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002ddiocst_002eads_0029">10.15 <code>Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-diocst.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eIs_005fNull_005fOccurrence-_0028a_002deinuoc_002eads_0029">10.16 <code>Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence</code> (<samp>a-einuoc.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eLast_005fChance_005fHandler-_0028a_002delchha_002eads_0029">10.17 <code>Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler</code> (<samp>a-elchha.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eExceptions_002eTraceback-_0028a_002dexctra_002eads_0029">10.18 <code>Ada.Exceptions.Traceback</code> (<samp>a-exctra.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eSequential_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dsiocst_002eads_0029">10.19 <code>Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-siocst.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eStreams_002eStream_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dssicst_002eads_0029">10.20 <code>Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-ssicst.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eUnbounded_002eText_005fIO-_0028a_002dsuteio_002eads_0029">10.21 <code>Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-suteio.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dswuwti_002eads_0029">10.22 <code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-swuwti.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eStrings_002eWide_005fWide_005fUnbounded_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO-_0028a_002dszuzti_002eads_0029">10.23 <code>Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO</code> (<samp>a-szuzti.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dtiocst_002eads_0029">10.24 <code>Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-tiocst.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dtirsfi_002eads_0029">10.25 <code>Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-tirsfi.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dwichun_002eads_0029">10.26 <code>Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode</code> (<samp>a-wichun.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dwtcstr_002eads_0029">10.27 <code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-wtcstr.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dwrstfi_002eads_0029">10.28 <code>Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-wrstfi.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fCharacters_002eUnicode-_0028a_002dzchuni_002eads_0029">10.29 <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode</code> (<samp>a-zchuni.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eC_005fStreams-_0028a_002dztcstr_002eads_0029">10.30 <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams</code> (<samp>a-ztcstr.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029-1" href="#Ada_002eWide_005fWide_005fText_005fIO_002eReset_005fStandard_005fFiles-_0028a_002dzrstfi_002eads_0029">10.31 <code>Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files</code> (<samp>a-zrstfi.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eAltivec-_0028g_002daltive_002eads_0029">10.32 <code>GNAT.Altivec</code> (<samp>g-altive.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eConversions-_0028g_002daltcon_002eads_0029">10.33 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Conversions</code> (<samp>g-altcon.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fOperations-_0028g_002dalveop_002eads_0029">10.34 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations</code> (<samp>g-alveop.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dalvety_002eads_0029">10.35 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types</code> (<samp>g-alvety.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eAltivec_002eVector_005fViews-_0028g_002dalvevi_002eads_0029">10.36 <code>GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views</code> (<samp>g-alvevi.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eArray_005fSplit-_0028g_002darrspl_002eads_0029">10.37 <code>GNAT.Array_Split</code> (<samp>g-arrspl.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eAWK-_0028g_002dawk_002eads_0029">10.38 <code>GNAT.AWK</code> (<samp>g-awk.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fBuffers-_0028g_002dboubuf_002eads_0029">10.39 <code>GNAT.Bounded_Buffers</code> (<samp>g-boubuf.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eBounded_005fMailboxes-_0028g_002dboumai_002eads_0029">10.40 <code>GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes</code> (<samp>g-boumai.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort-_0028g_002dbubsor_002eads_0029">10.41 <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort</code> (<samp>g-bubsor.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dbusora_002eads_0029">10.42 <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A</code> (<samp>g-busora.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eBubble_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dbusorg_002eads_0029">10.43 <code>GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G</code> (<samp>g-busorg.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fOrder_005fMark-_0028g_002dbyorma_002eads_0029">10.44 <code>GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark</code> (<samp>g-byorma.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eByte_005fSwapping-_0028g_002dbytswa_002eads_0029">10.45 <code>GNAT.Byte_Swapping</code> (<samp>g-bytswa.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCalendar-_0028g_002dcalend_002eads_0029">10.46 <code>GNAT.Calendar</code> (<samp>g-calend.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCalendar_002eTime_005fIO-_0028g_002dcatiio_002eads_0029">10.47 <code>GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO</code> (<samp>g-catiio.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCRC32-_0028g_002dcrc32_002eads_0029">10.48 <code>GNAT.CRC32</code> (<samp>g-crc32.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCase_005fUtil-_0028g_002dcasuti_002eads_0029">10.49 <code>GNAT.Case_Util</code> (<samp>g-casuti.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCGI-_0028g_002dcgi_002eads_0029">10.50 <code>GNAT.CGI</code> (<samp>g-cgi.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eCookie-_0028g_002dcgicoo_002eads_0029">10.51 <code>GNAT.CGI.Cookie</code> (<samp>g-cgicoo.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCGI_002eDebug-_0028g_002dcgideb_002eads_0029">10.52 <code>GNAT.CGI.Debug</code> (<samp>g-cgideb.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCommand_005fLine-_0028g_002dcomlin_002eads_0029">10.53 <code>GNAT.Command_Line</code> (<samp>g-comlin.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCompiler_005fVersion-_0028g_002dcomver_002eads_0029">10.54 <code>GNAT.Compiler_Version</code> (<samp>g-comver.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCtrl_005fC-_0028g_002dctrl_005fc_002eads_0029">10.55 <code>GNAT.Ctrl_C</code> (<samp>g-ctrl_c.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eCurrent_005fException-_0028g_002dcurexc_002eads_0029">10.56 <code>GNAT.Current_Exception</code> (<samp>g-curexc.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fPools-_0028g_002ddebpoo_002eads_0029">10.57 <code>GNAT.Debug_Pools</code> (<samp>g-debpoo.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDebug_005fUtilities-_0028g_002ddebuti_002eads_0029">10.58 <code>GNAT.Debug_Utilities</code> (<samp>g-debuti.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fString-_0028g_002ddecstr_002eads_0029">10.59 <code>GNAT.Decode_String</code> (<samp>g-decstr.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDecode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002ddeutst_002eads_0029">10.60 <code>GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String</code> (<samp>g-deutst.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations-_0028g_002ddirope_002eads_0029">10.61 <code>GNAT.Directory_Operations</code> (<samp>g-dirope.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDirectory_005fOperations_002eIteration-_0028g_002ddiopit_002eads_0029">10.62 <code>GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration</code> (<samp>g-diopit.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fHTables-_0028g_002ddynhta_002eads_0029">10.63 <code>GNAT.Dynamic_HTables</code> (<samp>g-dynhta.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eDynamic_005fTables-_0028g_002ddyntab_002eads_0029">10.64 <code>GNAT.Dynamic_Tables</code> (<samp>g-dyntab.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fString-_0028g_002dencstr_002eads_0029">10.65 <code>GNAT.Encode_String</code> (<samp>g-encstr.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eEncode_005fUTF8_005fString-_0028g_002denutst_002eads_0029">10.66 <code>GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String</code> (<samp>g-enutst.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eException_005fActions-_0028g_002dexcact_002eads_0029">10.67 <code>GNAT.Exception_Actions</code> (<samp>g-excact.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eException_005fTraces-_0028g_002dexctra_002eads_0029">10.68 <code>GNAT.Exception_Traces</code> (<samp>g-exctra.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029" href="#GNAT_002eExceptions-_0028g_002dexcept_002eads_0029">10.69 <code>GNAT.Exceptions</code> (<samp>g-expect.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eExpect-_0028g_002dexpect_002eads_0029">10.70 <code>GNAT.Expect</code> (<samp>g-expect.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eExpect_002eTTY-_0028g_002dexptty_002eads_0029">10.71 <code>GNAT.Expect.TTY</code> (<samp>g-exptty.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eFloat_005fControl-_0028g_002dflocon_002eads_0029">10.72 <code>GNAT.Float_Control</code> (<samp>g-flocon.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort-_0028g_002dheasor_002eads_0029">10.73 <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort</code> (<samp>g-heasor.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fA-_0028g_002dhesora_002eads_0029">10.74 <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort_A</code> (<samp>g-hesora.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eHeap_005fSort_005fG-_0028g_002dhesorg_002eads_0029">10.75 <code>GNAT.Heap_Sort_G</code> (<samp>g-hesorg.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eHTable-_0028g_002dhtable_002eads_0029">10.76 <code>GNAT.HTable</code> (<samp>g-htable.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eIO-_0028g_002dio_002eads_0029">10.77 <code>GNAT.IO</code> (<samp>g-io.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eIO_005fAux-_0028g_002dio_005faux_002eads_0029">10.78 <code>GNAT.IO_Aux</code> (<samp>g-io_aux.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eLock_005fFiles-_0028g_002dlocfil_002eads_0029">10.79 <code>GNAT.Lock_Files</code> (<samp>g-locfil.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fDiscrete_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbdira_002eads_0029">10.80 <code>GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random</code> (<samp>g-mbdira.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eMBBS_005fFloat_005fRandom-_0028g_002dmbflra_002eads_0029">10.81 <code>GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random</code> (<samp>g-mbflra.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eMD5-_0028g_002dmd5_002eads_0029">10.82 <code>GNAT.MD5</code> (<samp>g-md5.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eMemory_005fDump-_0028g_002dmemdum_002eads_0029">10.83 <code>GNAT.Memory_Dump</code> (<samp>g-memdum.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eMost_005fRecent_005fException-_0028g_002dmoreex_002eads_0029">10.84 <code>GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception</code> (<samp>g-moreex.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eOS_005fLib-_0028g_002dos_005flib_002eads_0029">10.85 <code>GNAT.OS_Lib</code> (<samp>g-os_lib.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002ePerfect_005fHash_005fGenerators-_0028g_002dpehage_002eads_0029">10.86 <code>GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators</code> (<samp>g-pehage.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eRandom_005fNumbers-_0028g_002drannum_002eads_0029">10.87 <code>GNAT.Random_Numbers</code> (<samp>g-rannum.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eRegexp-_0028g_002dregexp_002eads_0029">10.88 <code>GNAT.Regexp</code> (<samp>g-regexp.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eRegistry-_0028g_002dregist_002eads_0029">10.89 <code>GNAT.Registry</code> (<samp>g-regist.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eRegpat-_0028g_002dregpat_002eads_0029">10.90 <code>GNAT.Regpat</code> (<samp>g-regpat.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSecondary_005fStack_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsestin_002eads_0029">10.91 <code>GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info</code> (<samp>g-sestin.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSemaphores-_0028g_002dsemaph_002eads_0029">10.92 <code>GNAT.Semaphores</code> (<samp>g-semaph.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSerial_005fCommunications-_0028g_002dsercom_002eads_0029">10.93 <code>GNAT.Serial_Communications</code> (<samp>g-sercom.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSHA1-_0028g_002dsha1_002eads_0029">10.94 <code>GNAT.SHA1</code> (<samp>g-sha1.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSHA224-_0028g_002dsha224_002eads_0029">10.95 <code>GNAT.SHA224</code> (<samp>g-sha224.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSHA256-_0028g_002dsha256_002eads_0029">10.96 <code>GNAT.SHA256</code> (<samp>g-sha256.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSHA384-_0028g_002dsha384_002eads_0029">10.97 <code>GNAT.SHA384</code> (<samp>g-sha384.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSHA512-_0028g_002dsha512_002eads_0029">10.98 <code>GNAT.SHA512</code> (<samp>g-sha512.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSignals-_0028g_002dsignal_002eads_0029">10.99 <code>GNAT.Signals</code> (<samp>g-signal.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSockets-_0028g_002dsocket_002eads_0029">10.100 <code>GNAT.Sockets</code> (<samp>g-socket.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSource_005fInfo-_0028g_002dsouinf_002eads_0029">10.101 <code>GNAT.Source_Info</code> (<samp>g-souinf.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dspeche_002eads_0029">10.102 <code>GNAT.Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-speche.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpelling_005fChecker_005fGeneric-_0028g_002dspchge_002eads_0029">10.103 <code>GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic</code> (<samp>g-spchge.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002ePatterns-_0028g_002dspipat_002eads_0029">10.104 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns</code> (<samp>g-spipat.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol-_0028g_002dspitbo_002eads_0029">10.105 <code>GNAT.Spitbol</code> (<samp>g-spitbo.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fBoolean-_0028g_002dsptabo_002eads_0029">10.106 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean</code> (<samp>g-sptabo.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fInteger-_0028g_002dsptain_002eads_0029">10.107 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer</code> (<samp>g-sptain.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSpitbol_002eTable_005fVString-_0028g_002dsptavs_002eads_0029">10.108 <code>GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString</code> (<samp>g-sptavs.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSSE-_0028g_002dsse_002eads_0029">10.109 <code>GNAT.SSE</code> (<samp>g-sse.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eSSE_002eVector_005fTypes-_0028g_002dssvety_002eads_0029">10.110 <code>GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types</code> (<samp>g-ssvety.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eStrings-_0028g_002dstring_002eads_0029">10.111 <code>GNAT.Strings</code> (<samp>g-string.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dstrspl_002eads_0029">10.112 <code>GNAT.String_Split</code> (<samp>g-strspl.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eTable-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029">10.113 <code>GNAT.Table</code> (<samp>g-table.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eTask_005fLock-_0028g_002dtasloc_002eads_0029">10.114 <code>GNAT.Task_Lock</code> (<samp>g-tasloc.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eTime_005fStamp-_0028g_002dtimsta_002eads_0029">10.115 <code>GNAT.Time_Stamp</code> (<samp>g-timsta.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eThreads-_0028g_002dthread_002eads_0029">10.116 <code>GNAT.Threads</code> (<samp>g-thread.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eTraceback-_0028g_002dtraceb_002eads_0029">10.117 <code>GNAT.Traceback</code> (<samp>g-traceb.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eTraceback_002eSymbolic-_0028g_002dtrasym_002eads_0029">10.118 <code>GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic</code> (<samp>g-trasym.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dtable_002eads_0029" href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32-_0028g_002dutf_005f32_002eads_0029">10.119 <code>GNAT.UTF_32</code> (<samp>g-table.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029" href="#GNAT_002eUTF_005f32_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002du3spch_002eads_0029">10.120 <code>GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-u3spch.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dwispch_002eads_0029">10.121 <code>GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-wispch.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dwistsp_002eads_0029">10.122 <code>GNAT.Wide_String_Split</code> (<samp>g-wistsp.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fSpelling_005fChecker-_0028g_002dzspche_002eads_0029">10.123 <code>GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker</code> (<samp>g-zspche.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029-1" href="#GNAT_002eWide_005fWide_005fString_005fSplit-_0028g_002dzistsp_002eads_0029">10.124 <code>GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split</code> (<samp>g-zistsp.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029-1" href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eExtensions-_0028i_002dcexten_002eads_0029">10.125 <code>Interfaces.C.Extensions</code> (<samp>i-cexten.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029-1" href="#Interfaces_002eC_002eStreams-_0028i_002dcstrea_002eads_0029">10.126 <code>Interfaces.C.Streams</code> (<samp>i-cstrea.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029-1" href="#Interfaces_002eCPP-_0028i_002dcpp_002eads_0029">10.127 <code>Interfaces.CPP</code> (<samp>i-cpp.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029-1" href="#Interfaces_002ePacked_005fDecimal-_0028i_002dpacdec_002eads_0029">10.128 <code>Interfaces.Packed_Decimal</code> (<samp>i-pacdec.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029-1" href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks-_0028i_002dvxwork_002eads_0029">10.129 <code>Interfaces.VxWorks</code> (<samp>i-vxwork.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029-1" href="#Interfaces_002eVxWorks_002eIO-_0028i_002dvxwoio_002eads_0029">10.130 <code>Interfaces.VxWorks.IO</code> (<samp>i-vxwoio.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eAddress_005fImage-_0028s_002daddima_002eads_0029">10.131 <code>System.Address_Image</code> (<samp>s-addima.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eAssertions-_0028s_002dassert_002eads_0029">10.132 <code>System.Assertions</code> (<samp>s-assert.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eMemory-_0028s_002dmemory_002eads_0029">10.133 <code>System.Memory</code> (<samp>s-memory.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002ePartition_005fInterface-_0028s_002dparint_002eads_0029">10.134 <code>System.Partition_Interface</code> (<samp>s-parint.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002ePool_005fGlobal-_0028s_002dpooglo_002eads_0029">10.135 <code>System.Pool_Global</code> (<samp>s-pooglo.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002ePool_005fLocal-_0028s_002dpooloc_002eads_0029">10.136 <code>System.Pool_Local</code> (<samp>s-pooloc.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eRestrictions-_0028s_002drestri_002eads_0029">10.137 <code>System.Restrictions</code> (<samp>s-restri.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eRident-_0028s_002drident_002eads_0029">10.138 <code>System.Rident</code> (<samp>s-rident.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eStrings_002eStream_005fOps-_0028s_002dststop_002eads_0029">10.139 <code>System.Strings.Stream_Ops</code> (<samp>s-ststop.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eTask_005fInfo-_0028s_002dtasinf_002eads_0029">10.140 <code>System.Task_Info</code> (<samp>s-tasinf.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eWch_005fCnv-_0028s_002dwchcnv_002eads_0029">10.141 <code>System.Wch_Cnv</code> (<samp>s-wchcnv.ads</samp>)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029-1" href="#System_002eWch_005fCon-_0028s_002dwchcon_002eads_0029">10.142 <code>System.Wch_Con</code> (<samp>s-wchcon.ads</samp>)</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-Other-Languages-1" href="#Interfacing-to-Other-Languages">11 Interfacing to Other Languages</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-C-1" href="#Interfacing-to-C">11.1 Interfacing to C</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b-1" href="#Interfacing-to-C_002b_002b">11.2 Interfacing to C++</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-COBOL-1" href="#Interfacing-to-COBOL">11.3 Interfacing to COBOL</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-Fortran-1" href="#Interfacing-to-Fortran">11.4 Interfacing to Fortran</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code-1" href="#Interfacing-to-non_002dGNAT-Ada-code">11.5 Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Specialized-Needs-Annexes-1" href="#Specialized-Needs-Annexes">12 Specialized Needs Annexes</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features-1" href="#Implementation-of-Specific-Ada-Features">13 Implementation of Specific Ada Features</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Machine-Code-Insertions-1" href="#Machine-Code-Insertions">13.1 Machine Code Insertions</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking-1" href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Tasking">13.2 GNAT Implementation of Tasking</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads-1" href="#Mapping-Ada-Tasks-onto-the-Underlying-Kernel-Threads">13.2.1 Mapping Ada Tasks onto the Underlying Kernel Threads</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex-1" href="#Ensuring-Compliance-with-the-Real_002dTime-Annex">13.2.2 Ensuring Compliance with the Real-Time Annex</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages-1" href="#GNAT-Implementation-of-Shared-Passive-Packages">13.3 GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates-1" href="#Code-Generation-for-Array-Aggregates">13.4 Code Generation for Array Aggregates</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Static-constant-aggregates-with-static-bounds-1" href="#Static-constant-aggregates-with-static-bounds">13.4.1 Static constant aggregates with static bounds</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types-1" href="#Constant-aggregates-with-unconstrained-nominal-types">13.4.2 Constant aggregates with unconstrained nominal types</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Aggregates-with-static-bounds-1" href="#Aggregates-with-static-bounds">13.4.3 Aggregates with static bounds</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds-1" href="#Aggregates-with-non_002dstatic-bounds">13.4.4 Aggregates with non-static bounds</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Aggregates-in-assignment-statements-1" href="#Aggregates-in-assignment-statements">13.4.5 Aggregates in assignment statements</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants-1" href="#The-Size-of-Discriminated-Records-with-Default-Discriminants">13.5 The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual-1" href="#Strict-Conformance-to-the-Ada-Reference-Manual">13.6 Strict Conformance to the Ada Reference Manual</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features-1" href="#Implementation-of-Ada-2012-Features">14 Implementation of Ada 2012 Features</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Obsolescent-Features-1" href="#Obsolescent-Features">15 Obsolescent Features</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-pragma-No_005fRun_005fTime-1" href="#pragma-No_005fRun_005fTime">15.1 pragma No_Run_Time</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-pragma-Ravenscar-1" href="#pragma-Ravenscar">15.2 pragma Ravenscar</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-pragma-Restricted_005fRun_005fTime-1" href="#pragma-Restricted_005fRun_005fTime">15.3 pragma Restricted_Run_Time</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents" href="#ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Index-1" href="#Index">Index</a></li>
</ul>
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