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<h1 class="settitle" align="center">The GNU Fortran Compiler</h1>























<a name="SEC_Overview"></a>
<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>

<div class="shortcontents">
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="stoc-Introduction-2" href="#toc-Introduction-2">1 Introduction</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-GNU-Fortran-Command-Options" href="#toc-GNU-Fortran-Command-Options">2 GNU Fortran Command Options</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Runtime_003a-Influencing-runtime-behavior-with-environment-variables" href="#toc-Runtime_003a-Influencing-runtime-behavior-with-environment-variables">3 Runtime:  Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Fortran-2003-and-2008-Status" href="#toc-Fortran-2003-and-2008-Status">4 Fortran 2003 and 2008 Status</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Compiler-Characteristics-1" href="#toc-Compiler-Characteristics-1">5 Compiler Characteristics</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Extensions-1" href="#toc-Extensions-1">6 Extensions</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Intrinsic-Procedures-1" href="#toc-Intrinsic-Procedures-1">7 Intrinsic Procedures</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Intrinsic-Modules-1" href="#toc-Intrinsic-Modules-1">8 Intrinsic Modules</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Contributing-1" href="#toc-Contributing-1">Contributing</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-GNU-General-Public-License" href="#toc-GNU-General-Public-License">GNU General Public License</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="#toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Funding-Free-Software" href="#toc-Funding-Free-Software">Funding Free Software</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Option-Index-1" href="#toc-Option-Index-1">Option Index</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Keyword-Index-1" href="#toc-Keyword-Index-1">Keyword Index</a></li>
</ul>
</div>


<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>

<div class="contents">

<ul class="no-bullet">
  <li><a name="toc-Introduction-2" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-About-GNU-Fortran-1" href="#About-GNU-Fortran">1.1 About GNU Fortran</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNU-Fortran-and-GCC-1" href="#GNU-Fortran-and-GCC">1.2 GNU Fortran and GCC</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation-1" href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">1.3 Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GNU-Fortran-and-G77-1" href="#GNU-Fortran-and-G77">1.4 GNU Fortran and G77</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Project-Status-1" href="#Project-Status">1.5 Project Status</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Standards-1" href="#Standards">1.6 Standards</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-GNU-Fortran-Command-Options" href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran">2 GNU Fortran Command Options</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Option-summary" href="#Option-Summary">2.1 Option summary</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Options-controlling-Fortran-dialect" href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">2.2 Options controlling Fortran dialect</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Enable-and-customize-preprocessing" href="#Preprocessing-Options">2.3 Enable and customize preprocessing</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Options-to-request-or-suppress-errors-and-warnings" href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">2.4 Options to request or suppress errors and warnings</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Options-for-debugging-your-program-or-GNU-Fortran" href="#Debugging-Options">2.5 Options for debugging your program or GNU Fortran</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Options-for-directory-search" href="#Directory-Options">2.6 Options for directory search</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Influencing-the-linking-step" href="#Link-Options">2.7 Influencing the linking step</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Influencing-runtime-behavior" href="#Runtime-Options">2.8 Influencing runtime behavior</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Options-for-code-generation-conventions" href="#Code-Gen-Options">2.9 Options for code generation conventions</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Environment-variables-affecting-gfortran" href="#Environment-Variables">2.10 Environment variables affecting <code>gfortran</code></a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Runtime_003a-Influencing-runtime-behavior-with-environment-variables" href="#Runtime">3 Runtime:  Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fSTDIN_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dUnit-number-for-standard-input" href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDIN_005fUNIT">3.1 <code>GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT</code>&mdash;Unit number for standard input</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dUnit-number-for-standard-output" href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT">3.2 <code>GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT</code>&mdash;Unit number for standard output</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dUnit-number-for-standard-error" href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT">3.3 <code>GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT</code>&mdash;Unit number for standard error</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR_002d_002d_002dSend-library-output-to-standard-error" href="#GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR">3.4 <code>GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR</code>&mdash;Send library output to standard error</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR_002d_002d_002dDirectory-for-scratch-files" href="#GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR">3.5 <code>GFORTRAN_TMPDIR</code>&mdash;Directory for scratch files</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL_002d_002d_002dDon_0027t-buffer-I_002fO-on-all-units" href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL">3.6 <code>GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL</code>&mdash;Don&rsquo;t buffer I/O on all units</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED_002d_002d_002dDon_0027t-buffer-I_002fO-on-preconnected-units" href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED">3.7 <code>GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED</code>&mdash;Don&rsquo;t buffer I/O on preconnected units</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS_002d_002d_002dShow-location-for-runtime-errors" href="#GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS">3.8 <code>GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS</code>&mdash;Show location for runtime errors</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS_002d_002d_002dPrint-leading-_002b-where-permitted" href="#GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS">3.9 <code>GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS</code>&mdash;Print leading + where permitted</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL_002d_002d_002dDefault-record-length-for-new-files" href="#GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL">3.10 <code>GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL</code>&mdash;Default record length for new files</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR_002d_002d_002dSeparator-for-list-output" href="#GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR">3.11 <code>GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR</code>&mdash;Separator for list output</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dSet-endianness-for-unformatted-I_002fO" href="#GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT">3.12 <code>GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</code>&mdash;Set endianness for unformatted I/O</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE_002d_002d_002dDump-core-on-run_002dtime-errors" href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE">3.13 <code>GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE</code>&mdash;Dump core on run-time errors</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fBACKTRACE_002d_002d_002dShow-backtrace-on-run_002dtime-errors" href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fBACKTRACE">3.14 <code>GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE</code>&mdash;Show backtrace on run-time errors</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Fortran-2003-and-2008-Status" href="#Fortran-2003-and-2008-status">4 Fortran 2003 and 2008 Status</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Fortran-2003-status-1" href="#Fortran-2003-status">4.1 Fortran 2003 status</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Fortran-2008-status-1" href="#Fortran-2008-status">4.2 Fortran 2008 status</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Compiler-Characteristics-1" href="#Compiler-Characteristics">5 Compiler Characteristics</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-KIND-Type-Parameters-1" href="#KIND-Type-Parameters">5.1 KIND Type Parameters</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables-1" href="#Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables">5.2 Internal representation of LOGICAL variables</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Extensions-1" href="#Extensions">6 Extensions</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran-1" href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran">6.1 Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications-1" href="#Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications">6.1.1 Old-style kind specifications</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization-1" href="#Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization">6.1.2 Old-style variable initialization</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Extensions-to-namelist-1" href="#Extensions-to-namelist">6.1.3 Extensions to namelist</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-X-format-descriptor-without-count-field-1" href="#X-format-descriptor-without-count-field">6.1.4 <code>X</code> format descriptor without count field</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications-1" href="#Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications">6.1.5 Commas in <code>FORMAT</code> specifications</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications-1" href="#Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications">6.1.6 Missing period in <code>FORMAT</code> specifications</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-I_002fO-item-lists-1" href="#I_002fO-item-lists">6.1.7 I/O item lists</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-BOZ-literal-constants-1" href="#BOZ-literal-constants">6.1.8 BOZ literal constants</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Real-array-indices-1" href="#Real-array-indices">6.1.9 Real array indices</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Unary-operators-1" href="#Unary-operators">6.1.10 Unary operators</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values-1" href="#Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values">6.1.11 Implicitly convert <code>LOGICAL</code> and <code>INTEGER</code> values</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Hollerith-constants-support-1" href="#Hollerith-constants-support">6.1.12 Hollerith constants support</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Cray-pointers-1" href="#Cray-pointers">6.1.13 Cray pointers</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-CONVERT-specifier-1" href="#CONVERT-specifier">6.1.14 <code>CONVERT</code> specifier</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-OpenMP-1" href="#OpenMP">6.1.15 OpenMP</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Argument-list-functions-_0025VAL_002c-_0025REF-and-_0025LOC" href="#Argument-list-functions">6.1.16 Argument list functions <code>%VAL</code>, <code>%REF</code> and <code>%LOC</code></a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran-1" href="#Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran">6.2 Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-STRUCTURE-and-RECORD-1" href="#STRUCTURE-and-RECORD">6.2.1 <code>STRUCTURE</code> and <code>RECORD</code></a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements-1" href="#ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements">6.2.2 <code>ENCODE</code> and <code>DECODE</code> statements</a></li>
    </ul></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Intrinsic-Procedures-1" href="#Intrinsic-Procedures">7 Intrinsic Procedures</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Introduction-to-intrinsic-procedures" href="#Introduction-to-Intrinsics">7.1 Introduction to intrinsic procedures</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ABORT-_002d_002d_002d-Abort-the-program" href="#ABORT">7.2 <code>ABORT</code> &mdash; Abort the program</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ABS-_002d_002d_002d-Absolute-value" href="#ABS">7.3 <code>ABS</code> &mdash; Absolute value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ACCESS-_002d_002d_002d-Checks-file-access-modes" href="#ACCESS">7.4 <code>ACCESS</code> &mdash; Checks file access modes</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ACHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Character-in-ASCII-collating-sequence" href="#ACHAR">7.5 <code>ACHAR</code> &mdash; Character in <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ACOS-_002d_002d_002d-Arccosine-function" href="#ACOS">7.6 <code>ACOS</code> &mdash; Arccosine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ACOSH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-arccosine-function" href="#ACOSH">7.7 <code>ACOSH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic arccosine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ADJUSTL-_002d_002d_002d-Left-adjust-a-string" href="#ADJUSTL">7.8 <code>ADJUSTL</code> &mdash; Left adjust a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ADJUSTR-_002d_002d_002d-Right-adjust-a-string" href="#ADJUSTR">7.9 <code>ADJUSTR</code> &mdash; Right adjust a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-AIMAG-_002d_002d_002d-Imaginary-part-of-complex-number" href="#AIMAG">7.10 <code>AIMAG</code> &mdash; Imaginary part of complex number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-AINT-_002d_002d_002d-Truncate-to-a-whole-number" href="#AINT">7.11 <code>AINT</code> &mdash; Truncate to a whole number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ALARM-_002d_002d_002d-Execute-a-routine-after-a-given-delay" href="#ALARM">7.12 <code>ALARM</code> &mdash; Execute a routine after a given delay</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ALL-_002d_002d_002d-All-values-in-MASK-along-DIM-are-true" href="#ALL">7.13 <code>ALL</code> &mdash; All values in <var>MASK</var> along <var>DIM</var> are true</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ALLOCATED-_002d_002d_002d-Status-of-an-allocatable-entity" href="#ALLOCATED">7.14 <code>ALLOCATED</code> &mdash; Status of an allocatable entity</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-AND-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-AND" href="#AND">7.15 <code>AND</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical AND</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ANINT-_002d_002d_002d-Nearest-whole-number" href="#ANINT">7.16 <code>ANINT</code> &mdash; Nearest whole number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ANY-_002d_002d_002d-Any-value-in-MASK-along-DIM-is-true" href="#ANY">7.17 <code>ANY</code> &mdash; Any value in <var>MASK</var> along <var>DIM</var> is true</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ASIN-_002d_002d_002d-Arcsine-function" href="#ASIN">7.18 <code>ASIN</code> &mdash; Arcsine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ASINH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-arcsine-function" href="#ASINH">7.19 <code>ASINH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic arcsine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ASSOCIATED-_002d_002d_002d-Status-of-a-pointer-or-pointer_002ftarget-pair" href="#ASSOCIATED">7.20 <code>ASSOCIATED</code> &mdash; Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ATAN-_002d_002d_002d-Arctangent-function" href="#ATAN">7.21 <code>ATAN</code> &mdash; Arctangent function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ATAN2-_002d_002d_002d-Arctangent-function" href="#ATAN2">7.22 <code>ATAN2</code> &mdash; Arctangent function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ATANH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-arctangent-function" href="#ATANH">7.23 <code>ATANH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic arctangent function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BESSEL_005fJ0-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-first-kind-of-order-0" href="#BESSEL_005fJ0">7.24 <code>BESSEL_J0</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the first kind of order 0</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BESSEL_005fJ1-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-first-kind-of-order-1" href="#BESSEL_005fJ1">7.25 <code>BESSEL_J1</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the first kind of order 1</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BESSEL_005fJN-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-first-kind" href="#BESSEL_005fJN">7.26 <code>BESSEL_JN</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the first kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BESSEL_005fY0-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-second-kind-of-order-0" href="#BESSEL_005fY0">7.27 <code>BESSEL_Y0</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the second kind of order 0</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BESSEL_005fY1-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-second-kind-of-order-1" href="#BESSEL_005fY1">7.28 <code>BESSEL_Y1</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the second kind of order 1</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BESSEL_005fYN-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-second-kind" href="#BESSEL_005fYN">7.29 <code>BESSEL_YN</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the second kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BIT_005fSIZE-_002d_002d_002d-Bit-size-inquiry-function" href="#BIT_005fSIZE">7.30 <code>BIT_SIZE</code> &mdash; Bit size inquiry function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-BTEST-_002d_002d_002d-Bit-test-function" href="#BTEST">7.31 <code>BTEST</code> &mdash; Bit test function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_005fASSOCIATED-_002d_002d_002d-Status-of-a-C-pointer" href="#C_005fASSOCIATED">7.32 <code>C_ASSOCIATED</code> &mdash; Status of a C pointer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_005fFUNLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Obtain-the-C-address-of-a-procedure" href="#C_005fFUNLOC">7.33 <code>C_FUNLOC</code> &mdash; Obtain the C address of a procedure</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-C-into-Fortran-procedure-pointer" href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER">7.34 <code>C_F_PROCPOINTER</code> &mdash; Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_005fF_005fPOINTER-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-C-into-Fortran-pointer" href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER">7.35 <code>C_F_POINTER</code> &mdash; Convert C into Fortran pointer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_005fLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Obtain-the-C-address-of-an-object" href="#C_005fLOC">7.36 <code>C_LOC</code> &mdash; Obtain the C address of an object</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-C_005fSIZEOF-_002d_002d_002d-Size-in-bytes-of-an-expression" href="#C_005fSIZEOF">7.37 <code>C_SIZEOF</code> &mdash; Size in bytes of an expression</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CEILING-_002d_002d_002d-Integer-ceiling-function" href="#CEILING">7.38 <code>CEILING</code> &mdash; Integer ceiling function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Character-conversion-function" href="#CHAR">7.39 <code>CHAR</code> &mdash; Character conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CHDIR-_002d_002d_002d-Change-working-directory" href="#CHDIR">7.40 <code>CHDIR</code> &mdash; Change working directory</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CHMOD-_002d_002d_002d-Change-access-permissions-of-files" href="#CHMOD">7.41 <code>CHMOD</code> &mdash; Change access permissions of files</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CMPLX-_002d_002d_002d-Complex-conversion-function" href="#CMPLX">7.42 <code>CMPLX</code> &mdash; Complex conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-number-of-command-line-arguments" href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">7.43 <code>COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</code> &mdash; Get number of command line arguments</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-COMPLEX-_002d_002d_002d-Complex-conversion-function" href="#COMPLEX">7.44 <code>COMPLEX</code> &mdash; Complex conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CONJG-_002d_002d_002d-Complex-conjugate-function" href="#CONJG">7.45 <code>CONJG</code> &mdash; Complex conjugate function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-COS-_002d_002d_002d-Cosine-function" href="#COS">7.46 <code>COS</code> &mdash; Cosine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-COSH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-cosine-function" href="#COSH">7.47 <code>COSH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic cosine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-COUNT-_002d_002d_002d-Count-function" href="#COUNT">7.48 <code>COUNT</code> &mdash; Count function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CPU_005fTIME-_002d_002d_002d-CPU-elapsed-time-in-seconds" href="#CPU_005fTIME">7.49 <code>CPU_TIME</code> &mdash; CPU elapsed time in seconds</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-Circular-shift-elements-of-an-array" href="#CSHIFT">7.50 <code>CSHIFT</code> &mdash; Circular shift elements of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-CTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-a-time-into-a-string" href="#CTIME">7.51 <code>CTIME</code> &mdash; Convert a time into a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DATE_005fAND_005fTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Date-and-time-subroutine" href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">7.52 <code>DATE_AND_TIME</code> &mdash; Date and time subroutine</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DBLE-_002d_002d_002d-Double-conversion-function" href="#DBLE">7.53 <code>DBLE</code> &mdash; Double conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DCMPLX-_002d_002d_002d-Double-complex-conversion-function" href="#DCMPLX">7.54 <code>DCMPLX</code> &mdash; Double complex conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DFLOAT-_002d_002d_002d-Double-conversion-function" href="#DFLOAT">7.55 <code>DFLOAT</code> &mdash; Double conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DIGITS-_002d_002d_002d-Significant-binary-digits-function" href="#DIGITS">7.56 <code>DIGITS</code> &mdash; Significant binary digits function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DIM-_002d_002d_002d-Positive-difference" href="#DIM">7.57 <code>DIM</code> &mdash; Positive difference</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DOT_005fPRODUCT-_002d_002d_002d-Dot-product-function" href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT">7.58 <code>DOT_PRODUCT</code> &mdash; Dot product function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DPROD-_002d_002d_002d-Double-product-function" href="#DPROD">7.59 <code>DPROD</code> &mdash; Double product function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DREAL-_002d_002d_002d-Double-real-part-function" href="#DREAL">7.60 <code>DREAL</code> &mdash; Double real part function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-DTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Execution-time-subroutine-_0028or-function_0029" href="#DTIME">7.61 <code>DTIME</code> &mdash; Execution time subroutine (or function)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-EOSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-End_002doff-shift-elements-of-an-array" href="#EOSHIFT">7.62 <code>EOSHIFT</code> &mdash; End-off shift elements of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-EPSILON-_002d_002d_002d-Epsilon-function" href="#EPSILON">7.63 <code>EPSILON</code> &mdash; Epsilon function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ERF-_002d_002d_002d-Error-function" href="#ERF">7.64 <code>ERF</code> &mdash; Error function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ERFC-_002d_002d_002d-Error-function" href="#ERFC">7.65 <code>ERFC</code> &mdash; Error function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ERFC_005fSCALED-_002d_002d_002d-Error-function" href="#ERFC_005fSCALED">7.66 <code>ERFC_SCALED</code> &mdash; Error function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ETIME-_002d_002d_002d-Execution-time-subroutine-_0028or-function_0029" href="#ETIME">7.67 <code>ETIME</code> &mdash; Execution time subroutine (or function)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-EXIT-_002d_002d_002d-Exit-the-program-with-status_002e" href="#EXIT">7.68 <code>EXIT</code> &mdash; Exit the program with status.</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-EXP-_002d_002d_002d-Exponential-function" href="#EXP">7.69 <code>EXP</code> &mdash; Exponential function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-EXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Exponent-function" href="#EXPONENT">7.70 <code>EXPONENT</code> &mdash; Exponent function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FDATE-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-current-time-as-a-string" href="#FDATE">7.71 <code>FDATE</code> &mdash; Get the current time as a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FLOAT-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-integer-to-default-real" href="#FLOAT">7.72 <code>FLOAT</code> &mdash; Convert integer to default real</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FGET-_002d_002d_002d-Read-a-single-character-in-stream-mode-from-stdin" href="#FGET">7.73 <code>FGET</code> &mdash; Read a single character in stream mode from stdin</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FGETC-_002d_002d_002d-Read-a-single-character-in-stream-mode" href="#FGETC">7.74 <code>FGETC</code> &mdash; Read a single character in stream mode</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FLOOR-_002d_002d_002d-Integer-floor-function" href="#FLOOR">7.75 <code>FLOOR</code> &mdash; Integer floor function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FLUSH-_002d_002d_002d-Flush-I_002fO-unit_0028s_0029" href="#FLUSH">7.76 <code>FLUSH</code> &mdash; Flush I/O unit(s)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FNUM-_002d_002d_002d-File-number-function" href="#FNUM">7.77 <code>FNUM</code> &mdash; File number function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FPUT-_002d_002d_002d-Write-a-single-character-in-stream-mode-to-stdout" href="#FPUT">7.78 <code>FPUT</code> &mdash; Write a single character in stream mode to stdout</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FPUTC-_002d_002d_002d-Write-a-single-character-in-stream-mode" href="#FPUTC">7.79 <code>FPUTC</code> &mdash; Write a single character in stream mode</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FRACTION-_002d_002d_002d-Fractional-part-of-the-model-representation" href="#FRACTION">7.80 <code>FRACTION</code> &mdash; Fractional part of the model representation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FREE-_002d_002d_002d-Frees-memory" href="#FREE">7.81 <code>FREE</code> &mdash; Frees memory</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FSEEK-_002d_002d_002d-Low-level-file-positioning-subroutine" href="#FSEEK">7.82 <code>FSEEK</code> &mdash; Low level file positioning subroutine</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FSTAT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-file-status" href="#FSTAT">7.83 <code>FSTAT</code> &mdash; Get file status</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-FTELL-_002d_002d_002d-Current-stream-position" href="#FTELL">7.84 <code>FTELL</code> &mdash; Current stream position</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GAMMA-_002d_002d_002d-Gamma-function" href="#GAMMA">7.85 <code>GAMMA</code> &mdash; Gamma function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GERROR-_002d_002d_002d-Get-last-system-error-message" href="#GERROR">7.86 <code>GERROR</code> &mdash; Get last system error message</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETARG-_002d_002d_002d-Get-command-line-arguments" href="#GETARG">7.87 <code>GETARG</code> &mdash; Get command line arguments</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GET_005fCOMMAND-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-entire-command-line" href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">7.88 <code>GET_COMMAND</code> &mdash; Get the entire command line</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-command-line-arguments" href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">7.89 <code>GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</code> &mdash; Get command line arguments</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETCWD-_002d_002d_002d-Get-current-working-directory" href="#GETCWD">7.90 <code>GETCWD</code> &mdash; Get current working directory</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETENV-_002d_002d_002d-Get-an-environmental-variable" href="#GETENV">7.91 <code>GETENV</code> &mdash; Get an environmental variable</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE-_002d_002d_002d-Get-an-environmental-variable" href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE">7.92 <code>GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</code> &mdash; Get an environmental variable</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETGID-_002d_002d_002d-Group-ID-function" href="#GETGID">7.93 <code>GETGID</code> &mdash; Group ID function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETLOG-_002d_002d_002d-Get-login-name" href="#GETLOG">7.94 <code>GETLOG</code> &mdash; Get login name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETPID-_002d_002d_002d-Process-ID-function" href="#GETPID">7.95 <code>GETPID</code> &mdash; Process ID function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GETUID-_002d_002d_002d-User-ID-function" href="#GETUID">7.96 <code>GETUID</code> &mdash; User ID function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-GMTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-time-to-GMT-info" href="#GMTIME">7.97 <code>GMTIME</code> &mdash; Convert time to GMT info</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-HOSTNM-_002d_002d_002d-Get-system-host-name" href="#HOSTNM">7.98 <code>HOSTNM</code> &mdash; Get system host name</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-HUGE-_002d_002d_002d-Largest-number-of-a-kind" href="#HUGE">7.99 <code>HUGE</code> &mdash; Largest number of a kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-HYPOT-_002d_002d_002d-Euclidean-distance-function" href="#HYPOT">7.100 <code>HYPOT</code> &mdash; Euclidean distance function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IACHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Code-in-ASCII-collating-sequence" href="#IACHAR">7.101 <code>IACHAR</code> &mdash; Code in <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IAND-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-and" href="#IAND">7.102 <code>IAND</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical and</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IARGC-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-number-of-command-line-arguments" href="#IARGC">7.103 <code>IARGC</code> &mdash; Get the number of command line arguments</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IBCLR-_002d_002d_002d-Clear-bit" href="#IBCLR">7.104 <code>IBCLR</code> &mdash; Clear bit</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IBITS-_002d_002d_002d-Bit-extraction" href="#IBITS">7.105 <code>IBITS</code> &mdash; Bit extraction</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IBSET-_002d_002d_002d-Set-bit" href="#IBSET">7.106 <code>IBSET</code> &mdash; Set bit</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ICHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Character_002dto_002dinteger-conversion-function" href="#ICHAR">7.107 <code>ICHAR</code> &mdash; Character-to-integer conversion function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IDATE-_002d_002d_002d-Get-current-local-time-subroutine-_0028day_002fmonth_002fyear_0029" href="#IDATE">7.108 <code>IDATE</code> &mdash; Get current local time subroutine (day/month/year)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IEOR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-exclusive-or" href="#IEOR">7.109 <code>IEOR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical exclusive or</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IERRNO-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-last-system-error-number" href="#IERRNO">7.110 <code>IERRNO</code> &mdash; Get the last system error number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-INDEX-_002d_002d_002d-Position-of-a-substring-within-a-string" href="#INDEX-intrinsic">7.111 <code>INDEX</code> &mdash; Position of a substring within a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-INT-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-integer-type" href="#INT">7.112 <code>INT</code> &mdash; Convert to integer type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-INT2-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-16_002dbit-integer-type" href="#INT2">7.113 <code>INT2</code> &mdash; Convert to 16-bit integer type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-INT8-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-64_002dbit-integer-type" href="#INT8">7.114 <code>INT8</code> &mdash; Convert to 64-bit integer type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IOR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-or" href="#IOR">7.115 <code>IOR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical or</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IRAND-_002d_002d_002d-Integer-pseudo_002drandom-number" href="#IRAND">7.116 <code>IRAND</code> &mdash; Integer pseudo-random number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND-_002d_002d_002d-Test-for-end_002dof_002dfile-value" href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND">7.117 <code>IS_IOSTAT_END</code> &mdash; Test for end-of-file value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR-_002d_002d_002d-Test-for-end_002dof_002drecord-value" href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR">7.118 <code>IS_IOSTAT_EOR</code> &mdash; Test for end-of-record value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ISATTY-_002d_002d_002d-Whether-a-unit-is-a-terminal-device_002e" href="#ISATTY">7.119 <code>ISATTY</code> &mdash; Whether a unit is a terminal device.</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ISHFT-_002d_002d_002d-Shift-bits" href="#ISHFT">7.120 <code>ISHFT</code> &mdash; Shift bits</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ISHFTC-_002d_002d_002d-Shift-bits-circularly" href="#ISHFTC">7.121 <code>ISHFTC</code> &mdash; Shift bits circularly</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ISNAN-_002d_002d_002d-Test-for-a-NaN" href="#ISNAN">7.122 <code>ISNAN</code> &mdash; Test for a NaN</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ITIME-_002d_002d_002d-Get-current-local-time-subroutine-_0028hour_002fminutes_002fseconds_0029" href="#ITIME">7.123 <code>ITIME</code> &mdash; Get current local time subroutine (hour/minutes/seconds)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-KILL-_002d_002d_002d-Send-a-signal-to-a-process" href="#KILL">7.124 <code>KILL</code> &mdash; Send a signal to a process</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-KIND-_002d_002d_002d-Kind-of-an-entity" href="#KIND">7.125 <code>KIND</code> &mdash; Kind of an entity</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LBOUND-_002d_002d_002d-Lower-dimension-bounds-of-an-array" href="#LBOUND">7.126 <code>LBOUND</code> &mdash; Lower dimension bounds of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LEADZ-_002d_002d_002d-Number-of-leading-zero-bits-of-an-integer" href="#LEADZ">7.127 <code>LEADZ</code> &mdash; Number of leading zero bits of an integer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LEN-_002d_002d_002d-Length-of-a-character-entity" href="#LEN">7.128 <code>LEN</code> &mdash; Length of a character entity</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LEN_005fTRIM-_002d_002d_002d-Length-of-a-character-entity-without-trailing-blank-characters" href="#LEN_005fTRIM">7.129 <code>LEN_TRIM</code> &mdash; Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LGE-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-greater-than-or-equal" href="#LGE">7.130 <code>LGE</code> &mdash; Lexical greater than or equal</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LGT-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-greater-than" href="#LGT">7.131 <code>LGT</code> &mdash; Lexical greater than</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LINK-_002d_002d_002d-Create-a-hard-link" href="#LINK">7.132 <code>LINK</code> &mdash; Create a hard link</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LLE-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-less-than-or-equal" href="#LLE">7.133 <code>LLE</code> &mdash; Lexical less than or equal</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LLT-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-less-than" href="#LLT">7.134 <code>LLT</code> &mdash; Lexical less than</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LNBLNK-_002d_002d_002d-Index-of-the-last-non_002dblank-character-in-a-string" href="#LNBLNK">7.135 <code>LNBLNK</code> &mdash; Index of the last non-blank character in a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LOC-_002d_002d_002d-Returns-the-address-of-a-variable" href="#LOC">7.136 <code>LOC</code> &mdash; Returns the address of a variable</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LOG-_002d_002d_002d-Logarithm-function" href="#LOG">7.137 <code>LOG</code> &mdash; Logarithm function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LOG10-_002d_002d_002d-Base-10-logarithm-function" href="#LOG10">7.138 <code>LOG10</code> &mdash; Base 10 logarithm function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LOG_005fGAMMA-_002d_002d_002d-Logarithm-of-the-Gamma-function" href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">7.139 <code>LOG_GAMMA</code> &mdash; Logarithm of the Gamma function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LOGICAL-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-logical-type" href="#LOGICAL">7.140 <code>LOGICAL</code> &mdash; Convert to logical type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LONG-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-integer-type" href="#LONG">7.141 <code>LONG</code> &mdash; Convert to integer type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-Left-shift-bits" href="#LSHIFT">7.142 <code>LSHIFT</code> &mdash; Left shift bits</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LSTAT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-file-status" href="#LSTAT">7.143 <code>LSTAT</code> &mdash; Get file status</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-LTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-time-to-local-time-info" href="#LTIME">7.144 <code>LTIME</code> &mdash; Convert time to local time info</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MALLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Allocate-dynamic-memory" href="#MALLOC">7.145 <code>MALLOC</code> &mdash; Allocate dynamic memory</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MATMUL-_002d_002d_002d-matrix-multiplication" href="#MATMUL">7.146 <code>MATMUL</code> &mdash; matrix multiplication</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MAX-_002d_002d_002d-Maximum-value-of-an-argument-list" href="#MAX">7.147 <code>MAX</code> &mdash; Maximum value of an argument list</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MAXEXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Maximum-exponent-of-a-real-kind" href="#MAXEXPONENT">7.148 <code>MAXEXPONENT</code> &mdash; Maximum exponent of a real kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MAXLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Location-of-the-maximum-value-within-an-array" href="#MAXLOC">7.149 <code>MAXLOC</code> &mdash; Location of the maximum value within an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MAXVAL-_002d_002d_002d-Maximum-value-of-an-array" href="#MAXVAL">7.150 <code>MAXVAL</code> &mdash; Maximum value of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MCLOCK-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function" href="#MCLOCK">7.151 <code>MCLOCK</code> &mdash; Time function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MCLOCK8-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function-_002864_002dbit_0029" href="#MCLOCK8">7.152 <code>MCLOCK8</code> &mdash; Time function (64-bit)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MERGE-_002d_002d_002d-Merge-variables" href="#MERGE">7.153 <code>MERGE</code> &mdash; Merge variables</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MIN-_002d_002d_002d-Minimum-value-of-an-argument-list" href="#MIN">7.154 <code>MIN</code> &mdash; Minimum value of an argument list</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MINEXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Minimum-exponent-of-a-real-kind" href="#MINEXPONENT">7.155 <code>MINEXPONENT</code> &mdash; Minimum exponent of a real kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MINLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Location-of-the-minimum-value-within-an-array" href="#MINLOC">7.156 <code>MINLOC</code> &mdash; Location of the minimum value within an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MINVAL-_002d_002d_002d-Minimum-value-of-an-array" href="#MINVAL">7.157 <code>MINVAL</code> &mdash; Minimum value of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MOD-_002d_002d_002d-Remainder-function" href="#MOD">7.158 <code>MOD</code> &mdash; Remainder function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MODULO-_002d_002d_002d-Modulo-function" href="#MODULO">7.159 <code>MODULO</code> &mdash; Modulo function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MOVE_005fALLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Move-allocation-from-one-object-to-another" href="#MOVE_005fALLOC">7.160 <code>MOVE_ALLOC</code> &mdash; Move allocation from one object to another</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-MVBITS-_002d_002d_002d-Move-bits-from-one-integer-to-another" href="#MVBITS">7.161 <code>MVBITS</code> &mdash; Move bits from one integer to another</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-NEAREST-_002d_002d_002d-Nearest-representable-number" href="#NEAREST">7.162 <code>NEAREST</code> &mdash; Nearest representable number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-NEW_005fLINE-_002d_002d_002d-New-line-character" href="#NEW_005fLINE">7.163 <code>NEW_LINE</code> &mdash; New line character</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-NINT-_002d_002d_002d-Nearest-whole-number" href="#NINT">7.164 <code>NINT</code> &mdash; Nearest whole number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-NOT-_002d_002d_002d-Logical-negation" href="#NOT">7.165 <code>NOT</code> &mdash; Logical negation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-NULL-_002d_002d_002d-Function-that-returns-an-disassociated-pointer" href="#NULL">7.166 <code>NULL</code> &mdash; Function that returns an disassociated pointer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-OR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-OR" href="#OR">7.167 <code>OR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical OR</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-PACK-_002d_002d_002d-Pack-an-array-into-an-array-of-rank-one" href="#PACK">7.168 <code>PACK</code> &mdash; Pack an array into an array of rank one</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-PERROR-_002d_002d_002d-Print-system-error-message" href="#PERROR">7.169 <code>PERROR</code> &mdash; Print system error message</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-PRECISION-_002d_002d_002d-Decimal-precision-of-a-real-kind" href="#PRECISION">7.170 <code>PRECISION</code> &mdash; Decimal precision of a real kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-PRESENT-_002d_002d_002d-Determine-whether-an-optional-dummy-argument-is-specified" href="#PRESENT">7.171 <code>PRESENT</code> &mdash; Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-PRODUCT-_002d_002d_002d-Product-of-array-elements" href="#PRODUCT">7.172 <code>PRODUCT</code> &mdash; Product of array elements</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RADIX-_002d_002d_002d-Base-of-a-model-number" href="#RADIX">7.173 <code>RADIX</code> &mdash; Base of a model number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RAN-_002d_002d_002d-Real-pseudo_002drandom-number" href="#RAN">7.174 <code>RAN</code> &mdash; Real pseudo-random number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RAND-_002d_002d_002d-Real-pseudo_002drandom-number" href="#RAND">7.175 <code>RAND</code> &mdash; Real pseudo-random number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RANDOM_005fNUMBER-_002d_002d_002d-Pseudo_002drandom-number" href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">7.176 <code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code> &mdash; Pseudo-random number</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RANDOM_005fSEED-_002d_002d_002d-Initialize-a-pseudo_002drandom-number-sequence" href="#RANDOM_005fSEED">7.177 <code>RANDOM_SEED</code> &mdash; Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RANGE-_002d_002d_002d-Decimal-exponent-range" href="#RANGE">7.178 <code>RANGE</code> &mdash; Decimal exponent range</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-REAL-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-real-type" href="#REAL">7.179 <code>REAL</code> &mdash; Convert to real type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RENAME-_002d_002d_002d-Rename-a-file" href="#RENAME">7.180 <code>RENAME</code> &mdash; Rename a file</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-REPEAT-_002d_002d_002d-Repeated-string-concatenation" href="#REPEAT">7.181 <code>REPEAT</code> &mdash; Repeated string concatenation</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RESHAPE-_002d_002d_002d-Function-to-reshape-an-array" href="#RESHAPE">7.182 <code>RESHAPE</code> &mdash; Function to reshape an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RRSPACING-_002d_002d_002d-Reciprocal-of-the-relative-spacing" href="#RRSPACING">7.183 <code>RRSPACING</code> &mdash; Reciprocal of the relative spacing</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-RSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-Right-shift-bits" href="#RSHIFT">7.184 <code>RSHIFT</code> &mdash; Right shift bits</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SCALE-_002d_002d_002d-Scale-a-real-value" href="#SCALE">7.185 <code>SCALE</code> &mdash; Scale a real value</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SCAN-_002d_002d_002d-Scan-a-string-for-the-presence-of-a-set-of-characters" href="#SCAN">7.186 <code>SCAN</code> &mdash; Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SECNDS-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function" href="#SECNDS">7.187 <code>SECNDS</code> &mdash; Time function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SECOND-_002d_002d_002d-CPU-time-function" href="#SECOND">7.188 <code>SECOND</code> &mdash; CPU time function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND-_002d_002d_002d-Choose-character-kind" href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND">7.189 <code>SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</code> &mdash; Choose character kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND-_002d_002d_002d-Choose-integer-kind" href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND">7.190 <code>SELECTED_INT_KIND</code> &mdash; Choose integer kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND-_002d_002d_002d-Choose-real-kind" href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND">7.191 <code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND</code> &mdash; Choose real kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SET_005fEXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Set-the-exponent-of-the-model" href="#SET_005fEXPONENT">7.192 <code>SET_EXPONENT</code> &mdash; Set the exponent of the model</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SHAPE-_002d_002d_002d-Determine-the-shape-of-an-array" href="#SHAPE">7.193 <code>SHAPE</code> &mdash; Determine the shape of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SIGN-_002d_002d_002d-Sign-copying-function" href="#SIGN">7.194 <code>SIGN</code> &mdash; Sign copying function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SIGNAL-_002d_002d_002d-Signal-handling-subroutine-_0028or-function_0029" href="#SIGNAL">7.195 <code>SIGNAL</code> &mdash; Signal handling subroutine (or function)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SIN-_002d_002d_002d-Sine-function" href="#SIN">7.196 <code>SIN</code> &mdash; Sine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SINH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-sine-function" href="#SINH">7.197 <code>SINH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic sine function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SIZE-_002d_002d_002d-Determine-the-size-of-an-array" href="#SIZE">7.198 <code>SIZE</code> &mdash; Determine the size of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SIZEOF-_002d_002d_002d-Size-in-bytes-of-an-expression" href="#SIZEOF">7.199 <code>SIZEOF</code> &mdash; Size in bytes of an expression</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SLEEP-_002d_002d_002d-Sleep-for-the-specified-number-of-seconds" href="#SLEEP">7.200 <code>SLEEP</code> &mdash; Sleep for the specified number of seconds</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SNGL-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-double-precision-real-to-default-real" href="#SNGL">7.201 <code>SNGL</code> &mdash; Convert double precision real to default real</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SPACING-_002d_002d_002d-Smallest-distance-between-two-numbers-of-a-given-type" href="#SPACING">7.202 <code>SPACING</code> &mdash; Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SPREAD-_002d_002d_002d-Add-a-dimension-to-an-array" href="#SPREAD">7.203 <code>SPREAD</code> &mdash; Add a dimension to an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SQRT-_002d_002d_002d-Square_002droot-function" href="#SQRT">7.204 <code>SQRT</code> &mdash; Square-root function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SRAND-_002d_002d_002d-Reinitialize-the-random-number-generator" href="#SRAND">7.205 <code>SRAND</code> &mdash; Reinitialize the random number generator</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-STAT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-file-status" href="#STAT">7.206 <code>STAT</code> &mdash; Get file status</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SUM-_002d_002d_002d-Sum-of-array-elements" href="#SUM">7.207 <code>SUM</code> &mdash; Sum of array elements</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SYMLNK-_002d_002d_002d-Create-a-symbolic-link" href="#SYMLNK">7.208 <code>SYMLNK</code> &mdash; Create a symbolic link</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SYSTEM-_002d_002d_002d-Execute-a-shell-command" href="#SYSTEM">7.209 <code>SYSTEM</code> &mdash; Execute a shell command</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-SYSTEM_005fCLOCK-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function" href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK">7.210 <code>SYSTEM_CLOCK</code> &mdash; Time function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TAN-_002d_002d_002d-Tangent-function" href="#TAN">7.211 <code>TAN</code> &mdash; Tangent function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TANH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-tangent-function" href="#TANH">7.212 <code>TANH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic tangent function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TIME-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function" href="#TIME">7.213 <code>TIME</code> &mdash; Time function</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TIME8-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function-_002864_002dbit_0029" href="#TIME8">7.214 <code>TIME8</code> &mdash; Time function (64-bit)</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TINY-_002d_002d_002d-Smallest-positive-number-of-a-real-kind" href="#TINY">7.215 <code>TINY</code> &mdash; Smallest positive number of a real kind</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TRAILZ-_002d_002d_002d-Number-of-trailing-zero-bits-of-an-integer" href="#TRAILZ">7.216 <code>TRAILZ</code> &mdash; Number of trailing zero bits of an integer</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TRANSFER-_002d_002d_002d-Transfer-bit-patterns" href="#TRANSFER">7.217 <code>TRANSFER</code> &mdash; Transfer bit patterns</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TRANSPOSE-_002d_002d_002d-Transpose-an-array-of-rank-two" href="#TRANSPOSE">7.218 <code>TRANSPOSE</code> &mdash; Transpose an array of rank two</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TRIM-_002d_002d_002d-Remove-trailing-blank-characters-of-a-string" href="#TRIM">7.219 <code>TRIM</code> &mdash; Remove trailing blank characters of a string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-TTYNAM-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-name-of-a-terminal-device_002e" href="#TTYNAM">7.220 <code>TTYNAM</code> &mdash; Get the name of a terminal device.</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-UBOUND-_002d_002d_002d-Upper-dimension-bounds-of-an-array" href="#UBOUND">7.221 <code>UBOUND</code> &mdash; Upper dimension bounds of an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-UMASK-_002d_002d_002d-Set-the-file-creation-mask" href="#UMASK">7.222 <code>UMASK</code> &mdash; Set the file creation mask</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-UNLINK-_002d_002d_002d-Remove-a-file-from-the-file-system" href="#UNLINK">7.223 <code>UNLINK</code> &mdash; Remove a file from the file system</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-UNPACK-_002d_002d_002d-Unpack-an-array-of-rank-one-into-an-array" href="#UNPACK">7.224 <code>UNPACK</code> &mdash; Unpack an array of rank one into an array</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-VERIFY-_002d_002d_002d-Scan-a-string-for-the-absence-of-a-set-of-characters" href="#VERIFY">7.225 <code>VERIFY</code> &mdash; Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-XOR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-exclusive-OR" href="#XOR">7.226 <code>XOR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical exclusive OR</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Intrinsic-Modules-1" href="#Intrinsic-Modules">8 Intrinsic Modules</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV" href="#ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV">8.1 <code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-ISO_005fC_005fBINDING" href="#ISO_005fC_005fBINDING">8.2 <code>ISO_C_BINDING</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-OpenMP-Modules-OMP_005fLIB-and-OMP_005fLIB_005fKINDS" href="#OpenMP-Modules-OMP_005fLIB-and-OMP_005fLIB_005fKINDS">8.3 OpenMP Modules <code>OMP_LIB</code> and <code>OMP_LIB_KINDS</code></a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Contributing-1" href="#Contributing">Contributing</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-Contributors-to-GNU-Fortran" href="#Contributors">Contributors to GNU Fortran</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Projects-1" href="#Projects">Projects</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-Proposed-Extensions-1" href="#Proposed-Extensions">Proposed Extensions</a>
    <ul class="no-bullet">
      <li><a name="toc-Compiler-extensions_003a" href="#Compiler-extensions_003a">Compiler extensions:</a></li>
      <li><a name="toc-Environment-Options" href="#Environment-Options">Environment Options</a></li>
    </ul></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-GNU-General-Public-License" href="#Copying">GNU General Public License</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents" href="#ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Funding-Free-Software" href="#Funding">Funding Free Software</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Option-Index-1" href="#Option-Index">Option Index</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Keyword-Index-1" href="#Keyword-Index">Keyword Index</a></li>
</ul>
</div>




<a name="Top"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Introduction-1"></a>
<h1 class="top">Introduction</h1>
<a name="index-Introduction"></a>

<p>This manual documents the use of <code>gfortran</code>, 
the GNU Fortran compiler. You can find in this manual how to invoke
<code>gfortran</code>, as well as its features and incompatibilities.
</p>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="1">Introduction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Part I: Invoking GNU Fortran
</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="2">Invoking GNU Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command options supported by <code>gfortran</code>.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="3">Runtime</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables.
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
Part II: Language Reference
</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fortran-2003-and-2008-status" accesskey="4">Fortran 2003 and 2008 status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Fortran 2003 and 2008 features supported by GNU Fortran.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Compiler-Characteristics" accesskey="5">Compiler Characteristics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">User-visible implementation details.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Extensions" accesskey="6">Extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Language extensions implemented by GNU Fortran.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="7">Intrinsic Procedures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Intrinsic procedures supported by GNU Fortran.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Intrinsic-Modules" accesskey="8">Intrinsic Modules</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Intrinsic modules supported by GNU Fortran.
</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contributing" accesskey="9">Contributing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How you can help.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Copying">Copying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">GNU General Public License says
                         how you can copy and share GNU Fortran.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
                         How you can copy and share this manual.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Funding">Funding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to help assure continued work for free software.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-Index">Option Index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Index of command line options
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Keyword-Index">Keyword Index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Index of concepts
</td></tr>
</table>


<hr>
<a name="Introduction"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking GNU Fortran</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Introduction-2"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>


<p>The GNU Fortran compiler front end was
designed initially as a free replacement for,
or alternative to, the unix <code>f95</code> command;
<code>gfortran</code> is the command you&rsquo;ll use to invoke the compiler.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#About-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="1">About GNU Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">What you should know about the GNU Fortran compiler.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-GCC" accesskey="2">GNU Fortran and GCC</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">You can compile Fortran, C, or other programs.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation" accesskey="3">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The Fortran preprocessor
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-G77" accesskey="4">GNU Fortran and G77</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Why we chose to start from scratch.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Project-Status" accesskey="5">Project Status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Status of GNU Fortran, roadmap, proposed extensions.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Standards" accesskey="6">Standards</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Standards supported by GNU Fortran.
</td></tr>
</table>



<hr>
<a name="About-GNU-Fortran"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-GCC" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Fortran and GCC</a>, Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="About-GNU-Fortran-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.1 About GNU Fortran</h3>

<p>The GNU Fortran compiler is still in an early state of development.
It can generate code for most constructs and expressions,
but much work remains to be done.
</p>
<p>When the GNU Fortran compiler is finished,
it will do everything you expect from any decent compiler: 
</p>
<ul>
<li> Read a user&rsquo;s program,
stored in a file and containing instructions written
in Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95, Fortran 2003 or Fortran 2008.
This file contains <em>source code</em>.

</li><li> Translate the user&rsquo;s program into instructions a computer
can carry out more quickly than it takes to translate the
instructions in the first
place.  The result after compilation of a program is
<em>machine code</em>,
code designed to be efficiently translated and processed
by a machine such as your computer.
Humans usually aren&rsquo;t as good writing machine code
as they are at writing Fortran (or C++, Ada, or Java),
because it is easy to make tiny mistakes writing machine code.

</li><li> Provide the user with information about the reasons why
the compiler is unable to create a binary from the source code.
Usually this will be the case if the source code is flawed.
The Fortran 90 standard requires that the compiler can point out
mistakes to the user.
An incorrect usage of the language causes an <em>error message</em>.

<p>The compiler will also attempt to diagnose cases where the
user&rsquo;s program contains a correct usage of the language,
but instructs the computer to do something questionable.
This kind of diagnostics message is called a <em>warning message</em>.
</p>
</li><li> Provide optional information about the translation passes
from the source code to machine code.
This can help a user of the compiler to find the cause of
certain bugs which may not be obvious in the source code,
but may be more easily found at a lower level compiler output.
It also helps developers to find bugs in the compiler itself.

</li><li> Provide information in the generated machine code that can
make it easier to find bugs in the program (using a debugging tool,
called a <em>debugger</em>, such as the GNU Debugger <code>gdb</code>). 

</li><li> Locate and gather machine code already generated to
perform actions requested by statements in the user&rsquo;s program.
This machine code is organized into <em>modules</em> and is located
and <em>linked</em> to the user program. 
</li></ul>

<p>The GNU Fortran compiler consists of several components:
</p>
<ul>
<li> A version of the <code>gcc</code> command
(which also might be installed as the system&rsquo;s <code>cc</code> command)
that also understands and accepts Fortran source code.
The <code>gcc</code> command is the <em>driver</em> program for
all the languages in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC);
With <code>gcc</code>,
you can compile the source code of any language for
which a front end is available in GCC.

</li><li> The <code>gfortran</code> command itself,
which also might be installed as the
system&rsquo;s <code>f95</code> command.
<code>gfortran</code> is just another driver program,
but specifically for the Fortran compiler only.
The difference with <code>gcc</code> is that <code>gfortran</code>
will automatically link the correct libraries to your program.

</li><li> A collection of run-time libraries.
These libraries contain the machine code needed to support
capabilities of the Fortran language that are not directly
provided by the machine code generated by the
<code>gfortran</code> compilation phase,
such as intrinsic functions and subroutines,
and routines for interaction with files and the operating system.

</li><li> The Fortran compiler itself, (<code>f951</code>).
This is the GNU Fortran parser and code generator,
linked to and interfaced with the GCC backend library.
<code>f951</code> &ldquo;translates&rdquo; the source code to
assembler code.  You would typically not use this
program directly;
instead, the <code>gcc</code> or <code>gfortran</code> driver
programs will call it for you.
</li></ul>



<hr>
<a name="GNU-Fortran-and-GCC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a>, Previous: <a href="#About-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="p" rel="prev">About GNU Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNU-Fortran-and-GCC-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.2 GNU Fortran and GCC</h3>
<a name="index-GNU-Compiler-Collection"></a>
<a name="index-GCC"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran is a part of GCC, the <em>GNU Compiler Collection</em>.  GCC
consists of a collection of front ends for various languages, which
translate the source code into a language-independent form called
<em>GENERIC</em>.  This is then processed by a common middle end which
provides optimization, and then passed to one of a collection of back
ends which generate code for different computer architectures and
operating systems.
</p>
<p>Functionally, this is implemented with a driver program (<code>gcc</code>)
which provides the command-line interface for the compiler.  It calls
the relevant compiler front-end program (e.g., <code>f951</code> for
Fortran) for each file in the source code, and then calls the assembler
and linker as appropriate to produce the compiled output. In a copy of
GCC which has been compiled with Fortran language support enabled,
<code>gcc</code> will recognize files with <samp>.f</samp>, <samp>.for</samp>, <samp>.ftn</samp>,
<samp>.f90</samp>, <samp>.f95</samp>, <samp>.f03</samp> and <samp>.f08</samp> extensions as
Fortran source code, and compile it accordingly. A <code>gfortran</code>
driver program is also provided, which is identical to <code>gcc</code>
except that it automatically links the Fortran runtime libraries into the
compiled program.
</p>
<p>Source files with <samp>.f</samp>, <samp>.for</samp>, <samp>.fpp</samp>, <samp>.ftn</samp>, <samp>.F</samp>,
<samp>.FOR</samp>, <samp>.FPP</samp>, and <samp>.FTN</samp> extensions are treated as fixed form.
Source files with <samp>.f90</samp>, <samp>.f95</samp>, <samp>.f03</samp>, <samp>.f08</samp>,
<samp>.F90</samp>, <samp>.F95</samp>, <samp>.F03</samp> and <samp>.F08</samp> extensions are
treated as free form.  The capitalized versions of either form are run
through preprocessing. Source files with the lower case <samp>.fpp</samp>
extension are also run through preprocessing.
</p>
<p>This manual specifically documents the Fortran front end, which handles
the programming language&rsquo;s syntax and semantics.  The aspects of GCC
which relate to the optimization passes and the back-end code generation
are documented in the GCC manual; see 
<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/index.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>.
The two manuals together provide a complete reference for the GNU
Fortran compiler.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-G77" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Fortran and G77</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-GCC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNU Fortran and GCC</a>, Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.3 Preprocessing and conditional compilation</h3>
<a name="index-CPP"></a>
<a name="index-FPP"></a>
<a name="index-Conditional-compilation"></a>
<a name="index-Preprocessing"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-include-file-handling"></a>

<p>Many Fortran compilers including GNU Fortran allow passing the source code
through a C preprocessor (CPP; sometimes also called the Fortran preprocessor,
FPP) to allow for conditional compilation. In the case of GNU Fortran,
this is the GNU C Preprocessor in the traditional mode. On systems with
case-preserving file names, the preprocessor is automatically invoked if the
filename extension is <code>.F</code>, <code>.FOR</code>, <code>.FTN</code>, <code>.fpp</code>,
<code>.FPP</code>, <code>.F90</code>, <code>.F95</code>, <code>.F03</code> or <code>.F08</code>. To manually
invoke the preprocessor on any file, use <samp>-cpp</samp>, to disable
preprocessing on files where the preprocessor is run automatically, use
<samp>-nocpp</samp>.
</p>
<p>If a preprocessed file includes another file with the Fortran <code>INCLUDE</code>
statement, the included file is not preprocessed. To preprocess included
files, use the equivalent preprocessor statement <code>#include</code>.
</p>
<p>If GNU Fortran invokes the preprocessor, <code>__GFORTRAN__</code>
is defined and <code>__GNUC__</code>, <code>__GNUC_MINOR__</code> and
<code>__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__</code> can be used to determine the version of the
compiler. See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/index.html#Top">Overview</a> in <cite>The C Preprocessor</cite> for details.
</p>
<p>While CPP is the de-facto standard for preprocessing Fortran code,
Part 3 of the Fortran 95 standard (ISO/IEC 1539-3:1998) defines
Conditional Compilation, which is not widely used and not directly
supported by the GNU Fortran compiler. You can use the program coco
to preprocess such files (<a href="http://users.erols.com/dnagle/coco.html">http://users.erols.com/dnagle/coco.html</a>).
</p>


<hr>
<a name="GNU-Fortran-and-G77"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Project-Status" accesskey="n" rel="next">Project Status</a>, Previous: <a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a>, Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNU-Fortran-and-G77-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.4 GNU Fortran and G77</h3>
<a name="index-Fortran-77"></a>
<a name="index-g77"></a>

<p>The GNU Fortran compiler is the successor to <code>g77</code>, the Fortran 
77 front end included in GCC prior to version 4.  It is an entirely new 
program that has been designed to provide Fortran 95 support and 
extensibility for future Fortran language standards, as well as providing 
backwards compatibility for Fortran 77 and nearly all of the GNU language 
extensions supported by <code>g77</code>.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Project-Status"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Standards" accesskey="n" rel="next">Standards</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-G77" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNU Fortran and G77</a>, Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Project-Status-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.5 Project Status</h3>

<blockquote>
<p>As soon as <code>gfortran</code> can parse all of the statements correctly,
it will be in the &ldquo;larva&rdquo; state.
When we generate code, the &ldquo;puppa&rdquo; state.
When <code>gfortran</code> is done,
we&rsquo;ll see if it will be a beautiful butterfly,
or just a big bug....
</p>
<p>&ndash;Andy Vaught, April 2000
</p></blockquote>

<p>The start of the GNU Fortran 95 project was announced on
the GCC homepage in March 18, 2000
(even though Andy had already been working on it for a while,
of course).
</p>
<p>The GNU Fortran compiler is able to compile nearly all
standard-compliant Fortran 95, Fortran 90, and Fortran 77 programs,
including a number of standard and non-standard extensions, and can be
used on real-world programs.  In particular, the supported extensions
include OpenMP, Cray-style pointers, and several Fortran 2003 and Fortran
2008 features such as enumeration, stream I/O, and some of the
enhancements to allocatable array support from TR 15581.  However, it is
still under development and has a few remaining rough edges.
</p>
<p>At present, the GNU Fortran compiler passes the
<a href="http://www.fortran-2000.com/ArnaudRecipes/fcvs21_f95.html">NIST Fortran 77 Test Suite</a>, and produces acceptable results on the
<a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack/faq.html#1.21">LAPACK Test Suite</a>.
It also provides respectable performance on 
the <a href="http://www.polyhedron.com/pb05.html">Polyhedron Fortran
compiler benchmarks</a> and the
<a href="http://www.llnl.gov/asci_benchmarks/asci/limited/lfk/README.html">Livermore Fortran Kernels test</a>.  It has been used to compile a number of
large real-world programs, including
<a href="http://mysite.verizon.net/serveall/moene.pdf">the HIRLAM
weather-forecasting code</a> and
<a href="http://www.theochem.uwa.edu.au/tonto/">the Tonto quantum 
chemistry package</a>; see <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GfortranApps">http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GfortranApps</a> for an
extended list.
</p>
<p>Among other things, the GNU Fortran compiler is intended as a replacement
for G77.  At this point, nearly all programs that could be compiled with
G77 can be compiled with GNU Fortran, although there are a few minor known
regressions.
</p>
<p>The primary work remaining to be done on GNU Fortran falls into three
categories: bug fixing (primarily regarding the treatment of invalid code
and providing useful error messages), improving the compiler optimizations
and the performance of compiled code, and extending the compiler to support
future standards&mdash;in particular, Fortran 2003.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Standards"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Project-Status" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Project Status</a>, Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Standards-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.6 Standards</h3>
<a name="index-Standards"></a>

<p>The GNU Fortran compiler implements
ISO/IEC 1539:1997 (Fortran 95).  As such, it can also compile essentially all
standard-compliant Fortran 90 and Fortran 77 programs.   It also supports
the ISO/IEC TR-15581 enhancements to allocatable arrays, and
the <a href="http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/spec25.pdf">OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5</a> specification.
</p>
<p>In the future, the GNU Fortran compiler will also support ISO/IEC
1539-1:2004 (Fortran 2003) and future Fortran standards. Partial support
of that standard is already provided; the current status of Fortran 2003
support is reported in the <a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a> section of the
documentation.
</p>
<p>The next version of the Fortran standard after Fortran 2003 is currently
being developed and the GNU Fortran compiler supports some of its new
features. This support is based on the latest draft of the standard
(available from <a href="http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/">http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/</a>) and no guarantee of
future compatibility is made, as the final standard might differ from the
draft. For more information, see the <a href="#Fortran-2008-status">Fortran 2008 status</a> section.
</p>






<hr>
<a name="Invoking-GNU-Fortran"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="n" rel="next">Runtime</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNU-Fortran-Command-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 GNU Fortran Command Options</h2>
<a name="index-GNU-Fortran-command-options"></a>
<a name="index-command-options"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-gfortran-command"></a>


<p>The <code>gfortran</code> command supports all the options supported by the
<code>gcc</code> command.  Only options specific to GNU Fortran are documented here.
</p>
<p>See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC">GCC Command Options</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler
Collection (GCC)</cite>, for information
on the non-Fortran-specific aspects of the <code>gcc</code> command (and,
therefore, the <code>gfortran</code> command).
</p>
<a name="index-options_002c-negative-forms"></a>
<p>All GCC and GNU Fortran options
are accepted both by <code>gfortran</code> and by <code>gcc</code>
(as well as any other drivers built at the same time,
such as <code>g++</code>),
since adding GNU Fortran to the GCC distribution
enables acceptance of GNU Fortran options
by all of the relevant drivers.
</p>
<p>In some cases, options have positive and negative forms;
the negative form of <samp>-ffoo</samp> would be <samp>-fno-foo</samp>.
This manual documents only one of these two forms, whichever
one is not the default.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-Summary" accesskey="1">Option Summary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Brief list of all <code>gfortran</code> options,
                        without explanations.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options" accesskey="2">Fortran Dialect Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the variant of Fortran language
                             compiled.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Preprocessing-Options" accesskey="3">Preprocessing Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Enable and customize preprocessing.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options" accesskey="4">Error and Warning Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How picky should the compiler be?
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Debugging-Options" accesskey="5">Debugging Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbol tables, measurements, and debugging dumps.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Directory-Options" accesskey="6">Directory Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Where to find module files
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-Options" accesskey="7">Link Options </a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing the linking step
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Runtime-Options" accesskey="8">Runtime Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing runtime behavior
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Code-Gen-Options" accesskey="9">Code Gen Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying conventions for function calls, data layout
                        and register usage.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Environment variables that affect <code>gfortran</code>.
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Option-Summary"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fortran Dialect Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Option-summary"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.1 Option summary</h3>


<p>Here is a summary of all the options specific to GNU Fortran, grouped
by type.  Explanations are in the following sections.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Fortran Language Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Options controlling Fortran dialect</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-fall-intrinsics  -ffree-form  -fno-fixed-form 
-fdollar-ok  -fimplicit-none  -fmax-identifier-length 
-std=<var>std</var> -fd-lines-as-code  -fd-lines-as-comments 
-ffixed-line-length-<var>n</var>  -ffixed-line-length-none 
-ffree-line-length-<var>n</var>  -ffree-line-length-none 
-fdefault-double-8  -fdefault-integer-8  -fdefault-real-8 
-fcray-pointer  -fopenmp  -fno-range-check -fbackslash -fmodule-private
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Preprocessing Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Enable and customize preprocessing</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-cpp -dD -dI -dM -dN -dU -fworking-directory 
-imultilib <var>dir</var> -iprefix <var>file</var> -isysroot <var>dir</var> 
-iquote -isystem <var>dir</var> -nocpp -nostdinc -undef 
-A<var>question</var>=<var>answer</var> -A-<var>question</var><span class="roman">[</span>=<var>answer</var><span class="roman">]</span> 
-C -CC -D<var>macro</var><span class="roman">[</span>=<var>defn</var><span class="roman">]</span> -U<var>macro</var> -H -P
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Error and Warning Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Options to request or suppress errors
and warnings</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-fmax-errors=<var>n</var> 
-fsyntax-only  -pedantic  -pedantic-errors 
-Wall  -Waliasing  -Wampersand  -Warray-bounds -Wcharacter-truncation 
-Wconversion -Wimplicit-interface  -Wline-truncation  -Wintrinsics-std 
-Wsurprising -Wno-tabs  -Wunderflow -Wunused-parameter -Wintrinsics-shadow 
-Wno-align-commons
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Debugging Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Debugging-Options">Options for debugging your program or GNU Fortran</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-fdump-parse-tree  -ffpe-trap=<var>list</var> 
-fdump-core -fbacktrace
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Directory Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Directory-Options">Options for directory search</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-I<var>dir</var>  -J<var>dir</var> -fintrinsic-modules-path <var>dir</var>
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Link Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Link-Options">Options for influencing the linking step</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-static-libgfortran
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Runtime Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Runtime-Options">Options for influencing runtime behavior</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-fconvert=<var>conversion</var>  -fno-range-check
-frecord-marker=<var>length</var>   -fmax-subrecord-length=<var>length</var>
-fsign-zero
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Code Generation Options</em></dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Options for code generation conventions</a>.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-fno-automatic  -ff2c  -fno-underscoring 
-fsecond-underscore 
-fbounds-check -fcheck-array-temporaries  -fmax-array-constructor =<var>n</var> 
-fmax-stack-var-size=<var>n</var> 
-fpack-derived  -frepack-arrays  -fshort-enums  -fexternal-blas 
-fblas-matmul-limit=<var>n</var> -frecursive -finit-local-zero 
-finit-integer=<var>n</var> -finit-real=<var>&lt;zero|inf|-inf|nan&gt;</var> 
-finit-logical=<var>&lt;true|false&gt;</var> -finit-character=<var>n</var> -fno-align-commons
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options" accesskey="1">Fortran Dialect Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the variant of Fortran language
                             compiled.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Preprocessing-Options" accesskey="2">Preprocessing Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Enable and customize preprocessing.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options" accesskey="3">Error and Warning Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How picky should the compiler be?
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Debugging-Options" accesskey="4">Debugging Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbol tables, measurements, and debugging dumps.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Directory-Options" accesskey="5">Directory Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Where to find module files
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-Options" accesskey="6">Link Options </a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing the linking step
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Runtime-Options" accesskey="7">Runtime Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing runtime behavior
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Code-Gen-Options" accesskey="8">Code Gen Options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying conventions for function calls, data layout
                        and register usage.
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Fortran-Dialect-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Preprocessing-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Preprocessing Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Option-Summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option Summary</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Options-controlling-Fortran-dialect"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.2 Options controlling Fortran dialect</h3>
<a name="index-dialect-options"></a>
<a name="index-language_002c-dialect-options"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-dialect"></a>

<p>The following options control the details of the Fortran dialect
accepted by the compiler:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-ffree-form</code></dt>
<dt><code>-ffixed-form</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ffree_002dform"></a>
<a name="index-fno_002dfixed_002dform"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-fortran-dialect"></a>
<a name="index-file-format_002c-free"></a>
<a name="index-file-format_002c-fixed"></a>
<p>Specify the layout used by the source file.  The free form layout
was introduced in Fortran 90.  Fixed form was traditionally used in
older Fortran programs.  When neither option is specified, the source
form is determined by the file extension.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fall-intrinsics</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fall_002dintrinsics"></a>
<p>This option causes all intrinsic procedures (including the GNU-specific
extensions) to be accepted.  This can be useful with <samp>-std=f95</samp> to
force standard-compliance but get access to the full range of intrinsics
available with <code>gfortran</code>.  As a consequence, <samp>-Wintrinsics-std</samp>
will be ignored and no user-defined procedure with the same name as any
intrinsic will be called except when it is explicitly declared <code>EXTERNAL</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fd-lines-as-code</code></dt>
<dt><code>-fd-lines-as-comments</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fd_002dlines_002das_002dcode"></a>
<a name="index-fd_002dlines_002das_002dcomments"></a>
<p>Enable special treatment for lines beginning with <code>d</code> or <code>D</code>
in fixed form sources.  If the <samp>-fd-lines-as-code</samp> option is
given they are treated as if the first column contained a blank.  If the
<samp>-fd-lines-as-comments</samp> option is given, they are treated as
comment lines.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fdefault-double-8</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fdefault_002ddouble_002d8"></a>
<p>Set the <code>DOUBLE PRECISION</code> type to an 8 byte wide type.  If
<samp>-fdefault-real-8</samp> is given, <code>DOUBLE PRECISION</code> would
instead be promoted to 16 bytes if possible, and <samp>-fdefault-double-8</samp>
can be used to prevent this.  The kind of real constants like <code>1.d0</code> will
not be changed by <samp>-fdefault-real-8</samp> though, so also
<samp>-fdefault-double-8</samp> does not affect it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fdefault-integer-8</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fdefault_002dinteger_002d8"></a>
<p>Set the default integer and logical types to an 8 byte wide type.
Do nothing if this is already the default.  This option also affects
the kind of integer constants like <code>42</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fdefault-real-8</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fdefault_002dreal_002d8"></a>
<p>Set the default real type to an 8 byte wide type.
Do nothing if this is already the default.  This option also affects
the kind of non-double real constants like <code>1.0</code>, and does promote
the default width of <code>DOUBLE PRECISION</code> to 16 bytes if possible, unless
<code>-fdefault-double-8</code> is given, too.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fdollar-ok</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fdollar_002dok"></a>
<a name="index-_0024"></a>
<a name="index-symbol-names"></a>
<a name="index-character-set"></a>
<p>Allow &lsquo;<samp>$</samp>&rsquo; as a valid character in a symbol name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fbackslash</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-backslash-1"></a>
<a name="index-backslash"></a>
<a name="index-escape-characters"></a>
<p>Change the interpretation of backslashes in string literals from a single
backslash character to &ldquo;C-style&rdquo; escape characters. The following
combinations are expanded <code>\a</code>, <code>\b</code>, <code>\f</code>, <code>\n</code>,
<code>\r</code>, <code>\t</code>, <code>\v</code>, <code>\\</code>, and <code>\0</code> to the ASCII
characters alert, backspace, form feed, newline, carriage return,
horizontal tab, vertical tab, backslash, and NUL, respectively.
Additionally, <code>\x</code><var>nn</var>, <code>\u</code><var>nnnn</var> and
<code>\U</code><var>nnnnnnnn</var> (where each <var>n</var> is a hexadecimal digit) are
translated into the Unicode characters corresponding to the specified code
points. All other combinations of a character preceded by \ are
unexpanded.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fmodule-private</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fmodule_002dprivate"></a>
<a name="index-module-entities"></a>
<a name="index-private"></a>
<p>Set the default accessibility of module entities to <code>PRIVATE</code>.
Use-associated entities will not be accessible unless they are explicitly
declared as <code>PUBLIC</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-ffixed-line-length-<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ffixed_002dline_002dlength_002dn"></a>
<a name="index-file-format_002c-fixed-1"></a>
<p>Set column after which characters are ignored in typical fixed-form
lines in the source file, and through which spaces are assumed (as
if padded to that length) after the ends of short fixed-form lines.
</p>
<p>Popular values for <var>n</var> include 72 (the
standard and the default), 80 (card image), and 132 (corresponding
to &ldquo;extended-source&rdquo; options in some popular compilers).
<var>n</var> may also be &lsquo;<samp>none</samp>&rsquo;, meaning that the entire line is meaningful
and that continued character constants never have implicit spaces appended
to them to fill out the line.
<samp>-ffixed-line-length-0</samp> means the same thing as
<samp>-ffixed-line-length-none</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-ffree-line-length-<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ffree_002dline_002dlength_002dn"></a>
<a name="index-file-format_002c-free-1"></a>
<p>Set column after which characters are ignored in typical free-form
lines in the source file. The default value is 132.
<var>n</var> may be &lsquo;<samp>none</samp>&rsquo;, meaning that the entire line is meaningful.
<samp>-ffree-line-length-0</samp> means the same thing as
<samp>-ffree-line-length-none</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fmax-identifier-length=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fmax_002didentifier_002dlength_003dn"></a>
<p>Specify the maximum allowed identifier length. Typical values are
31 (Fortran 95) and 63 (Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fimplicit-none</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fimplicit_002dnone"></a>
<p>Specify that no implicit typing is allowed, unless overridden by explicit
<code>IMPLICIT</code> statements.  This is the equivalent of adding
<code>implicit none</code> to the start of every procedure.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fcray-pointer</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fcray_002dpointer"></a>
<p>Enable the Cray pointer extension, which provides C-like pointer
functionality.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fopenmp</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fopenmp"></a>
<a name="index-OpenMP"></a>
<p>Enable the OpenMP extensions.  This includes OpenMP <code>!$omp</code> directives
in free form
and <code>c$omp</code>, <code>*$omp</code> and <code>!$omp</code> directives in fixed form,
<code>!$</code> conditional compilation sentinels in free form
and <code>c$</code>, <code>*$</code> and <code>!$</code> sentinels in fixed form, 
and when linking arranges for the OpenMP runtime library to be linked
in.  The option <samp>-fopenmp</samp> implies <samp>-frecursive</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fno-range-check</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-frange_002dcheck"></a>
<p>Disable range checking on results of simplification of constant
expressions during compilation.  For example, GNU Fortran will give
an error at compile time when simplifying <code>a = 1. / 0</code>.
With this option, no error will be given and <code>a</code> will be assigned
the value <code>+Infinity</code>.  If an expression evaluates to a value
outside of the relevant range of [<code>-HUGE()</code>:<code>HUGE()</code>],
then the expression will be replaced by <code>-Inf</code> or <code>+Inf</code>
as appropriate.
Similarly, <code>DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/</code> will result in an integer overflow
on most systems, but with <samp>-fno-range-check</samp> the value will
&ldquo;wrap around&rdquo; and <code>i</code> will be initialized to <em>-1</em> instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-std=<var>std</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-std_003dstd-option"></a>
<p>Specify the standard to which the program is expected to conform, which
may be one of &lsquo;<samp>f95</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>f2003</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>f2008</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>gnu</samp>&rsquo;, or
&lsquo;<samp>legacy</samp>&rsquo;.  The default value for <var>std</var> is &lsquo;<samp>gnu</samp>&rsquo;, which
specifies a superset of the Fortran 95 standard that includes all of the
extensions supported by GNU Fortran, although warnings will be given for
obsolete extensions not recommended for use in new code.  The
&lsquo;<samp>legacy</samp>&rsquo; value is equivalent but without the warnings for obsolete
extensions, and may be useful for old non-standard programs.  The
&lsquo;<samp>f95</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>f2003</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>f2008</samp>&rsquo; values specify strict
conformance to the Fortran 95, Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 standards,
respectively; errors are given for all extensions beyond the relevant
language standard, and warnings are given for the Fortran 77 features
that are permitted but obsolescent in later standards.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Preprocessing-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Error and Warning Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fortran Dialect Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Enable-and-customize-preprocessing"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.3 Enable and customize preprocessing</h3>
<a name="index-preprocessor"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-preprocessor"></a>
<a name="index-CPP-1"></a>

<p>Preprocessor related options. See section 
<a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a> for more detailed
information on preprocessing in <code>gfortran</code>.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-cpp</code></dt>
<dt><code>-nocpp</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-cpp"></a>
<a name="index-fpp"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-enable"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-disable"></a>
<p>Enable preprocessing. The preprocessor is automatically invoked if
the file extension is <samp>.fpp</samp>, <samp>.FPP</samp>,  <samp>.F</samp>, <samp>.FOR</samp>,
<samp>.FTN</samp>, <samp>.F90</samp>, <samp>.F95</samp>, <samp>.F03</samp> or <samp>.F08</samp>. Use
this option to manually enable preprocessing of any kind of Fortran file.
</p>
<p>To disable preprocessing of files with any of the above listed extensions,
use the negative form: <samp>-nocpp</samp>.
</p>
<p>The preprocessor is run in traditional mode, be aware that any
restrictions of the file-format, e.g. fixed-form line width,
apply for preprocessed output as well.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-dM</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dM"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-debugging"></a>
<a name="index-debugging_002c-preprocessor"></a>
<p>Instead of the normal output, generate a list of <code>'#define'</code>
directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the
preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way
of finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor.
Assuming you have no file <samp>foo.f90</samp>, the command
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  touch foo.f90; gfortran -cpp -dM foo.f90
</pre></div>
<p>will show all the predefined macros.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-dD</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dD"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-1"></a>
<a name="index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-1"></a>
<p>Like <samp>-dM</samp> except in two respects: it does not include the
predefined macros, and it outputs both the <code>#define</code> directives
and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to the
standard output file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-dN</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dN"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-2"></a>
<a name="index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-2"></a>
<p>Like <samp>-dD</samp>, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-dU</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dU"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-3"></a>
<a name="index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-3"></a>
<p>Like <samp>dD</samp> except that only macros that are expanded, or whose
definedness is tested in preprocessor directives, are output; the 
output is delayed until the use or test of the macro; and <code>'#undef'</code>
directives are also output for macros tested but undefined at the time.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-dI</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dI"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-4"></a>
<a name="index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-4"></a>
<p>Output <code>'#include'</code> directives in addition to the result
of preprocessing.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fworking-directory</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fworking_002ddirectory"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessor_002c-working-directory"></a>
<p>Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will
let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of
preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will emit,
after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the current
working directory followed by two slashes. GCC will use this directory,
when it&rsquo;s present in the preprocessed input, as the directory emitted
as the current working directory in some debugging information formats.
This option is implicitly enabled if debugging information is enabled,
but this can be inhibited with the negated form
<samp>-fno-working-directory</samp>. If the <samp>-P</samp> flag is present
in the command line, this option has no effect, since no <code>#line</code>
directives are emitted whatsoever.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-idirafter <var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-idirafter-dir"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-include-path"></a>
<p>Search <var>dir</var> for include files, but do it after all directories
specified with <samp>-I</samp> and the standard system directories have
been exhausted. <var>dir</var> is treated as a system include directory.
If dir begins with <code>=</code>, then the <code>=</code> will be replaced by
the sysroot prefix; see <samp>--sysroot</samp> and <samp>-isysroot</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-imultilib <var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-imultilib-dir"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-1"></a>
<p>Use <var>dir</var> as a subdirectory of the directory containing target-specific
C++ headers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-iprefix <var>prefix</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-iprefix-prefix"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-2"></a>
<p>Specify <var>prefix</var> as the prefix for subsequent <samp>-iwithprefix</samp>
options. If the <var>prefix</var> represents a directory, you should include
the final <code>'/'</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-isysroot <var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-isysroot-dir"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-3"></a>
<p>This option is like the <samp>--sysroot</samp> option, but applies only to
header files. See the <samp>--sysroot</samp> option for more information.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-iquote <var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-iquote-dir"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-4"></a>
<p>Search <var>dir</var> only for header files requested with <code>#include &quot;file&quot;</code>;
they are not searched for <code>#include &lt;file&gt;</code>, before all directories
specified by <samp>-I</samp> and before the standard system directories. If
<var>dir</var> begins with <code>=</code>, then the <code>=</code> will be replaced by the
sysroot prefix; see <samp>--sysroot</samp> and <samp>-isysroot</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-isystem <var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-isystem-dir"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-5"></a>
<p>Search <var>dir</var> for header files, after all directories specified by
<samp>-I</samp> but before the standard system directories. Mark it as a
system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as is
applied to the standard system directories. If <var>dir</var> begins with
<code>=</code>, then the <code>=</code> will be replaced by the sysroot prefix;
see <samp>--sysroot</samp> and <samp>-isysroot</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-nostdinc</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-nostdinc"></a>
<p>Do not search the standard system directories for header files. Only
the directories you have specified with <samp>-I</samp> options (and the
directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-undef</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-undef"></a>
<p>Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros.
The standard predefined macros remain defined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-A<var>predicate</var>=<var>answer</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Apredicate_003danswer"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-assertation"></a>
<p>Make an assertion with the predicate <var>predicate</var> and answer <var>answer</var>.
This form is preferred to the older form -A predicate(answer), which is still
supported, because it does not use shell special characters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-A-<var>predicate</var>=<var>answer</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-A_002dpredicate_003danswer"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-assertation-1"></a>
<p>Cancel an assertion with the predicate <var>predicate</var> and answer <var>answer</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-C</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-C"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-keep-comments"></a>
<p>Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the output
file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted
along with the directive.
</p>
<p>You should be prepared for side effects when using <samp>-C</samp>; it causes
the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right. For example,
comments appearing at the start of what would be a directive line have the
effect of turning that line into an ordinary source line, since the first
token on the line is no longer a <code>'#'</code>.
</p>
<p>Warning: this currently handles C-Style comments only. The preprocessor
does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-CC</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-CC"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-keep-comments-1"></a>
<p>Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is like
<samp>-C</samp>, except that comments contained within macros are also passed
through to the output file where the macro is expanded.
</p>
<p>In addition to the side-effects of the <samp>-C</samp> option, the <samp>-CC</samp>
option causes all C++-style comments inside a macro to be converted to C-style
comments. This is to prevent later use of that macro from inadvertently
commenting out the remainder of the source line. The <samp>-CC</samp> option
is generally used to support lint comments.
</p>
<p>Warning: this currently handles C- and C++-Style comments only. The
preprocessor does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-D<var>name</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Dname"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-define-macros"></a>
<p>Predefine name as a macro, with definition <code>1</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-D<var>name</var>=<var>definition</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Dname_003ddefinition"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-define-macros-1"></a>
<p>The contents of <var>definition</var> are tokenized and processed as if they
appeared during translation phase three in a <code>'#define'</code> directive.
In particular, the definition will be truncated by embedded newline
characters.
</p>
<p>If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like program
you may need to use the shell&rsquo;s quoting syntax to protect characters such
as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.
</p>
<p>If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write
its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign
(if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, so you will need
to quote the option. With sh and csh, <code>-D'name(args...)=definition'</code>
works.
</p>
<p><samp>-D</samp> and <samp>-U</samp> options are processed in the order they are
given on the command line. All -imacros file and -include file options
are processed after all -D and -U options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-H</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-H"></a>
<p>Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal
activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the <code>'#include'</code>
stack it is.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-P</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-P"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-no-linemarkers"></a>
<p>Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor.
This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that
is not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused
by the linemarkers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-U<var>name</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Uname"></a>
<a name="index-preprocessing_002c-undefine-macros"></a>
<p>Cancel any previous definition of <var>name</var>, either built in or provided
with a <samp>-D</samp> option.
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="Error-and-Warning-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Debugging-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Debugging Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Preprocessing-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Preprocessing Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Options-to-request-or-suppress-errors-and-warnings"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.4 Options to request or suppress errors and warnings</h3>
<a name="index-options_002c-warnings"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-errors"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></a>
<a name="index-messages_002c-error"></a>
<a name="index-messages_002c-warning"></a>
<a name="index-suppressing-warnings"></a>

<p>Errors are diagnostic messages that report that the GNU Fortran compiler
cannot compile the relevant piece of source code.  The compiler will
continue to process the program in an attempt to report further errors
to aid in debugging, but will not produce any compiled output.  
</p>
<p>Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which
are not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there is
likely to be a bug in the program.  Unless <samp>-Werror</samp> is specified,
they do not prevent compilation of the program.
</p>
<p>You can request many specific warnings with options beginning <samp>-W</samp>,
for example <samp>-Wimplicit</samp> to request warnings on implicit
declarations.  Each of these specific warning options also has a
negative form beginning <samp>-Wno-</samp> to turn off warnings;
for example, <samp>-Wno-implicit</samp>.  This manual lists only one of the
two forms, whichever is not the default.
</p>
<p>These options control the amount and kinds of errors and warnings produced
by GNU Fortran:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-fmax-errors=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fmax_002derrors_003dn"></a>
<a name="index-errors_002c-limiting"></a>
<p>Limits the maximum number of error messages to <var>n</var>, at which point
GNU Fortran bails out rather than attempting to continue processing the
source code.  If <var>n</var> is 0, there is no limit on the number of error
messages produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fsyntax-only</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fsyntax_002donly"></a>
<a name="index-syntax-checking"></a>
<p>Check the code for syntax errors, but don&rsquo;t actually compile it.  This
will generate module files for each module present in the code, but no
other output file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-pedantic</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-pedantic"></a>
<p>Issue warnings for uses of extensions to Fortran 95.
<samp>-pedantic</samp> also applies to C-language constructs where they
occur in GNU Fortran source files, such as use of &lsquo;<samp>\e</samp>&rsquo; in a
character constant within a directive like <code>#include</code>.
</p>
<p>Valid Fortran 95 programs should compile properly with or without
this option.
However, without this option, certain GNU extensions and traditional
Fortran features are supported as well.
With this option, many of them are rejected.
</p>
<p>Some users try to use <samp>-pedantic</samp> to check programs for conformance.
They soon find that it does not do quite what they want&mdash;it finds some
nonstandard practices, but not all.
However, improvements to GNU Fortran in this area are welcome.
</p>
<p>This should be used in conjunction with <samp>-std=f95</samp>,
<samp>-std=f2003</samp> or <samp>-std=f2008</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-pedantic-errors</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-pedantic_002derrors"></a>
<p>Like <samp>-pedantic</samp>, except that errors are produced rather than
warnings.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wall</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wall"></a>
<a name="index-all-warnings"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-all"></a>
<p>Enables commonly used warning options pertaining to usage that
we recommend avoiding and that we believe are easy to avoid.
This currently includes <samp>-Waliasing</samp>,
<samp>-Wampersand</samp>, <samp>-Wsurprising</samp>, <samp>-Wintrinsics-std</samp>,
<samp>-Wno-tabs</samp>, <samp>-Wintrinsic-shadow</samp> and <samp>-Wline-truncation</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Waliasing</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Waliasing"></a>
<a name="index-aliasing"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-aliasing"></a>
<p>Warn about possible aliasing of dummy arguments. Specifically, it warns
if the same actual argument is associated with a dummy argument with
<code>INTENT(IN)</code> and a dummy argument with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> in a call
with an explicit interface.
</p>
<p>The following example will trigger the warning.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  interface
    subroutine bar(a,b)
      integer, intent(in) :: a
      integer, intent(out) :: b
    end subroutine
  end interface
  integer :: a

  call bar(a,a)
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><code>-Wampersand</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wampersand"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-ampersand"></a>
<a name="index-_0026"></a>
<p>Warn about missing ampersand in continued character constants. The warning is
given with <samp>-Wampersand</samp>, <samp>-pedantic</samp>, <samp>-std=f95</samp>,
<samp>-std=f2003</samp> and <samp>-std=f2008</samp>. Note: With no ampersand
given in a continued character constant, GNU Fortran assumes continuation
at the first non-comment, non-whitespace character after the ampersand
that initiated the continuation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Warray-temporaries</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Warray_002dtemporaries"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-array-temporaries"></a>
<p>Warn about array temporaries generated by the compiler.  The information
generated by this warning is sometimes useful in optimization, in order to
avoid such temporaries.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wcharacter-truncation</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wcharacter_002dtruncation"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-character-truncation"></a>
<p>Warn when a character assignment will truncate the assigned string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wline-truncation</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wline_002dtruncation"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-line-truncation"></a>
<p>Warn when a source code line will be truncated.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wconversion</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wconversion"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-conversion"></a>
<a name="index-conversion"></a>
<p>Warn about implicit conversions between different types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wimplicit-interface</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wimplicit_002dinterface"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-implicit-interface"></a>
<p>Warn if a procedure is called without an explicit interface.
Note this only checks that an explicit interface is present.  It does not
check that the declared interfaces are consistent across program units.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wintrinsics-std</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wintrinsics_002dstd"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-non_002dstandard-intrinsics"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-intrinsics-of-other-standards"></a>
<p>Warn if <code>gfortran</code> finds a procedure named like an intrinsic not
available in the currently selected standard (with <samp>-std</samp>) and treats
it as <code>EXTERNAL</code> procedure because of this.  <samp>-fall-intrinsics</samp> can
be used to never trigger this behaviour and always link to the intrinsic
regardless of the selected standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wsurprising</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wsurprising"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-suspicious-code"></a>
<p>Produce a warning when &ldquo;suspicious&rdquo; code constructs are encountered.
While technically legal these usually indicate that an error has been made.
</p>
<p>This currently produces a warning under the following circumstances:
</p>
<ul>
<li> An INTEGER SELECT construct has a CASE that can never be matched as its
lower value is greater than its upper value.

</li><li> A LOGICAL SELECT construct has three CASE statements.

</li><li> A TRANSFER specifies a source that is shorter than the destination.

</li><li> The type of a function result is declared more than once with the same type.  If
<samp>-pedantic</samp> or standard-conforming mode is enabled, this is an error.
</li></ul>

</dd>
<dt><code>-Wtabs</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wtabs"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-tabs"></a>
<a name="index-tabulators"></a>
<p>By default, tabs are accepted as whitespace, but tabs are not members
of the Fortran Character Set.  For continuation lines, a tab followed
by a digit between 1 and 9 is supported.  <samp>-Wno-tabs</samp> will cause
a warning to be issued if a tab is encountered. Note, <samp>-Wno-tabs</samp>
is active for <samp>-pedantic</samp>, <samp>-std=f95</samp>, <samp>-std=f2003</samp>,
<samp>-std=f2008</samp> and <samp>-Wall</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wunderflow</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wunderflow"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-underflow"></a>
<a name="index-underflow"></a>
<p>Produce a warning when numerical constant expressions are
encountered, which yield an UNDERFLOW during compilation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wintrinsic-shadow</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wintrinsic_002dshadow"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-intrinsic"></a>
<a name="index-intrinsic"></a>
<p>Warn if a user-defined procedure or module procedure has the same name as an
intrinsic; in this case, an explicit interface or <code>EXTERNAL</code> or
<code>INTRINSIC</code> declaration might be needed to get calls later resolved to
the desired intrinsic/procedure.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Wunused-parameter</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Wunused_002dparameter"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-unused-parameter"></a>
<a name="index-unused-parameter"></a>
<p>Contrary to <code>gcc</code>&rsquo;s meaning of <samp>-Wunused-parameter</samp>,
<code>gfortran</code>&rsquo;s implementation of this option does not warn
about unused dummy arguments, but about unused <code>PARAMETER</code> values.
<samp>-Wunused-parameter</samp> is not included in <samp>-Wall</samp> but is
implied by <samp>-Wall -Wextra</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Walign-commons</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Walign_002dcommons"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-alignment-of-COMMON-blocks"></a>
<a name="index-alignment-of-COMMON-blocks"></a>
<p>By default, <code>gfortran</code> warns about any occasion of variables being
padded for proper alignment inside a COMMON block. This warning can be turned
off via <samp>-Wno-align-commons</samp>. See also <samp>-falign-commons</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-Werror</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Werror"></a>
<a name="index-warnings_002c-to-errors"></a>
<p>Turns all warnings into errors.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Error-and-Warning-Options.html#Error-and-Warning-Options">Options to Request or Suppress Errors and
Warnings</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>, for information on
more options offered by the GBE shared by <code>gfortran</code>, <code>gcc</code>
and other GNU compilers.
</p>
<p>Some of these have no effect when compiling programs written in Fortran.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Debugging-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Directory-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Directory Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Error and Warning Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Options-for-debugging-your-program-or-GNU-Fortran"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.5 Options for debugging your program or GNU Fortran</h3>
<a name="index-options_002c-debugging"></a>
<a name="index-debugging-information-options"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran has various special options that are used for debugging
either your program or the GNU Fortran compiler.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-fdump-parse-tree</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fdump_002dparse_002dtree"></a>
<p>Output the internal parse tree before starting code generation.  Only
really useful for debugging the GNU Fortran compiler itself.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-ffpe-trap=<var>list</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ffpe_002dtrap_003dlist"></a>
<p>Specify a list of IEEE exceptions when a Floating Point Exception
(FPE) should be raised.  On most systems, this will result in a SIGFPE
signal being sent and the program being interrupted, producing a core
file useful for debugging.  <var>list</var> is a (possibly empty) comma-separated
list of the following IEEE exceptions: &lsquo;<samp>invalid</samp>&rsquo; (invalid floating
point operation, such as <code>SQRT(-1.0)</code>), &lsquo;<samp>zero</samp>&rsquo; (division by
zero), &lsquo;<samp>overflow</samp>&rsquo; (overflow in a floating point operation),
&lsquo;<samp>underflow</samp>&rsquo; (underflow in a floating point operation),
&lsquo;<samp>precision</samp>&rsquo; (loss of precision during operation) and &lsquo;<samp>denormal</samp>&rsquo;
(operation produced a denormal value).
</p>
<p>Some of the routines in the Fortran runtime library, like
&lsquo;<samp>CPU_TIME</samp>&rsquo;, are likely to trigger floating point exceptions when
<code>ffpe-trap=precision</code> is used. For this reason, the use of 
<code>ffpe-trap=precision</code> is not recommended.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fbacktrace</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fbacktrace"></a>
<a name="index-backtrace"></a>
<a name="index-trace"></a>
<p>Specify that, when a runtime error is encountered or a deadly signal is
emitted (segmentation fault, illegal instruction, bus error or
floating-point exception), the Fortran runtime
library should output a backtrace of the error.  This option
only has influence for compilation of the Fortran main program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fdump-core</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-core_002c-dump"></a>
<a name="index-fdump_002dcore"></a>
<p>Request that a core-dump file is written to disk when a runtime error
is encountered on systems that support core dumps. This option is
only effective for the compilation of the Fortran main program.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html#Debugging-Options">Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>, for more information on
debugging options.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Directory-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Link-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Link Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Debugging-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Debugging Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Options-for-directory-search"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.6 Options for directory search</h3>
<a name="index-directory_002c-options"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-directory-search"></a>
<a name="index-search-path"></a>
<a name="index-INCLUDE-directive"></a>
<a name="index-directive_002c-INCLUDE"></a>
<p>These options affect how GNU Fortran searches
for files specified by the <code>INCLUDE</code> directive and where it searches
for previously compiled modules.
</p>
<p>It also affects the search paths used by <code>cpp</code> when used to preprocess
Fortran source.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-I<var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Idir"></a>
<a name="index-directory_002c-search-paths-for-inclusion"></a>
<a name="index-inclusion_002c-directory-search-paths-for"></a>
<a name="index-search-paths_002c-for-included-files"></a>
<a name="index-paths_002c-search"></a>
<a name="index-module-search-path"></a>
<p>These affect interpretation of the <code>INCLUDE</code> directive
(as well as of the <code>#include</code> directive of the <code>cpp</code>
preprocessor).
</p>
<p>Also note that the general behavior of <samp>-I</samp> and
<code>INCLUDE</code> is pretty much the same as of <samp>-I</samp> with
<code>#include</code> in the <code>cpp</code> preprocessor, with regard to
looking for <samp>header.gcc</samp> files and other such things.
</p>
<p>This path is also used to search for <samp>.mod</samp> files when previously
compiled modules are required by a <code>USE</code> statement.
</p>
<p>See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Directory-Options.html#Directory-Options">Options for Directory Search</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>, for information on the
<samp>-I</samp> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-J<var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Jdir"></a>
<a name="index-Mdir"></a>
<a name="index-paths_002c-search-1"></a>
<a name="index-module-search-path-1"></a>
<p>This option specifies where to put <samp>.mod</samp> files for compiled modules.
It is also added to the list of directories to searched by an <code>USE</code>
statement.
</p>
<p>The default is the current directory.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fintrinsic-modules-path <var>dir</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fintrinsic_002dmodules_002dpath-dir"></a>
<a name="index-paths_002c-search-2"></a>
<a name="index-module-search-path-2"></a>
<p>This option specifies the location of pre-compiled intrinsic modules, if
they are not in the default location expected by the compiler.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Link-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Runtime-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Runtime Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Directory-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Directory Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Influencing-the-linking-step"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.7 Influencing the linking step</h3>
<a name="index-options_002c-linking"></a>
<a name="index-linking_002c-static"></a>

<p>These options come into play when the compiler links object files into an 
executable output file. They are meaningless if the compiler is not doing 
a link step.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-static-libgfortran</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-static_002dlibgfortran"></a>
<p>On systems that provide <samp>libgfortran</samp> as a shared and a static
library, this option forces the use of the static version. If no
shared version of <samp>libgfortran</samp> was built when the compiler was
configured, this option has no effect.
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="Runtime-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Code-Gen-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Code Gen Options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Link-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Link Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Influencing-runtime-behavior"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.8 Influencing runtime behavior</h3>
<a name="index-options_002c-runtime"></a>

<p>These options affect the runtime behavior of programs compiled with GNU Fortran.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-fconvert=<var>conversion</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fconvert_003dconversion"></a>
<p>Specify the representation of data for unformatted files.  Valid
values for conversion are: &lsquo;<samp>native</samp>&rsquo;, the default; &lsquo;<samp>swap</samp>&rsquo;,
swap between big- and little-endian; &lsquo;<samp>big-endian</samp>&rsquo;, use big-endian
representation for unformatted files; &lsquo;<samp>little-endian</samp>&rsquo;, use little-endian
representation for unformatted files.
</p>
<p><em>This option has an effect only when used in the main program.
The <code>CONVERT</code> specifier and the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT environment
variable override the default specified by <samp>-fconvert</samp>.</em>
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>-fno-range-check</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fno_002drange_002dcheck"></a>
<p>Disable range checking of input values during integer <code>READ</code> operations.
For example, GNU Fortran will give an error if an input value is
outside of the relevant range of [<code>-HUGE()</code>:<code>HUGE()</code>]. In other words,
with <code>INTEGER (kind=4) :: i</code> , attempting to read <em>-2147483648</em> will
give an error unless <samp>-fno-range-check</samp> is given. 
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>-frecord-marker=<var>length</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-frecord_002dmarker_003dlength"></a>
<p>Specify the length of record markers for unformatted files.
Valid values for <var>length</var> are 4 and 8.  Default is 4.
<em>This is different from previous versions of <code>gfortran</code></em>,
which specified a default record marker length of 8 on most
systems.  If you want to read or write files compatible
with earlier versions of <code>gfortran</code>, use <samp>-frecord-marker=8</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fmax-subrecord-length=<var>length</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fmax_002dsubrecord_002dlength_003dlength"></a>
<p>Specify the maximum length for a subrecord.  The maximum permitted
value for length is 2147483639, which is also the default.  Only
really useful for use by the gfortran testsuite.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fsign-zero</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fsign_002dzero"></a>
<p>When writing zero values, show the negative sign if the sign bit is set.
<code>fno-sign-zero</code> does not print the negative sign of zero values for
compatibility with F77.  Default behavior is to show the negative sign.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<hr>
<a name="Code-Gen-Options"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Environment-Variables" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment Variables</a>, Previous: <a href="#Runtime-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Runtime Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Options-for-code-generation-conventions"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.9 Options for code generation conventions</h3>
<a name="index-code-generation_002c-conventions"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-code-generation"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-run_002dtime"></a>

<p>These machine-independent options control the interface conventions
used in code generation.
</p>
<p>Most of them have both positive and negative forms; the negative form
of <samp>-ffoo</samp> would be <samp>-fno-foo</samp>.  In the table below, only
one of the forms is listed&mdash;the one which is not the default.  You
can figure out the other form by either removing <samp>no-</samp> or adding
it.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-fno-automatic</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fno_002dautomatic"></a>
<a name="index-SAVE-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-SAVE"></a>
<p>Treat each program unit (except those marked as RECURSIVE) as if the
<code>SAVE</code> statement were specified for every local variable and array
referenced in it. Does not affect common blocks. (Some Fortran compilers
provide this option under the name <samp>-static</samp> or <samp>-save</samp>.)
The default, which is <samp>-fautomatic</samp>, uses the stack for local
variables smaller than the value given by <samp>-fmax-stack-var-size</samp>.
Use the option <samp>-frecursive</samp> to use no static memory. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-ff2c</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ff2c"></a>
<a name="index-calling-convention"></a>
<a name="index-f2c-calling-convention"></a>
<a name="index-g77-calling-convention"></a>
<a name="index-libf2c-calling-convention"></a>
<p>Generate code designed to be compatible with code generated
by <code>g77</code> and <code>f2c</code>.
</p>
<p>The calling conventions used by <code>g77</code> (originally implemented
in <code>f2c</code>) require functions that return type
default <code>REAL</code> to actually return the C type <code>double</code>, and
functions that return type <code>COMPLEX</code> to return the values via an
extra argument in the calling sequence that points to where to
store the return value.  Under the default GNU calling conventions, such
functions simply return their results as they would in GNU
C&mdash;default <code>REAL</code> functions return the C type <code>float</code>, and
<code>COMPLEX</code> functions return the GNU C type <code>complex</code>.
Additionally, this option implies the <samp>-fsecond-underscore</samp>
option, unless <samp>-fno-second-underscore</samp> is explicitly requested.
</p>
<p>This does not affect the generation of code that interfaces with
the <code>libgfortran</code> library.
</p>
<p><em>Caution:</em> It is not a good idea to mix Fortran code compiled with
<samp>-ff2c</samp> with code compiled with the default <samp>-fno-f2c</samp>
calling conventions as, calling <code>COMPLEX</code> or default <code>REAL</code>
functions between program parts which were compiled with different
calling conventions will break at execution time.
</p>
<p><em>Caution:</em> This will break code which passes intrinsic functions
of type default <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code> as actual arguments, as
the library implementations use the <samp>-fno-f2c</samp> calling conventions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fno-underscoring</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fno_002dunderscoring"></a>
<a name="index-underscore"></a>
<a name="index-symbol-names_002c-underscores"></a>
<a name="index-transforming-symbol-names"></a>
<a name="index-symbol-names_002c-transforming"></a>
<p>Do not transform names of entities specified in the Fortran
source file by appending underscores to them.
</p>
<p>With <samp>-funderscoring</samp> in effect, GNU Fortran appends one
underscore to external names with no underscores.  This is done to ensure
compatibility with code produced by many UNIX Fortran compilers.
</p>
<p><em>Caution</em>: The default behavior of GNU Fortran is
incompatible with <code>f2c</code> and <code>g77</code>, please use the
<samp>-ff2c</samp> option if you want object files compiled with
GNU Fortran to be compatible with object code created with these
tools.
</p>
<p>Use of <samp>-fno-underscoring</samp> is not recommended unless you are
experimenting with issues such as integration of GNU Fortran into
existing system environments (vis-&agrave;-vis existing libraries, tools,
and so on).
</p>
<p>For example, with <samp>-funderscoring</samp>, and assuming other defaults like
<samp>-fcase-lower</samp> and that <code>j()</code> and <code>max_count()</code> are
external functions while <code>my_var</code> and <code>lvar</code> are local variables,
a statement like
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">I = J() + MAX_COUNT (MY_VAR, LVAR)
</pre></div>
<p>is implemented as something akin to:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">i = j_() + max_count__(&amp;my_var__, &amp;lvar);
</pre></div>

<p>With <samp>-fno-underscoring</samp>, the same statement is implemented as:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">i = j() + max_count(&amp;my_var, &amp;lvar);
</pre></div>

<p>Use of <samp>-fno-underscoring</samp> allows direct specification of
user-defined names while debugging and when interfacing GNU Fortran
code with other languages.
</p>
<p>Note that just because the names match does <em>not</em> mean that the
interface implemented by GNU Fortran for an external name matches the
interface implemented by some other language for that same name.
That is, getting code produced by GNU Fortran to link to code produced
by some other compiler using this or any other method can be only a
small part of the overall solution&mdash;getting the code generated by
both compilers to agree on issues other than naming can require
significant effort, and, unlike naming disagreements, linkers normally
cannot detect disagreements in these other areas.
</p>
<p>Also, note that with <samp>-fno-underscoring</samp>, the lack of appended
underscores introduces the very real possibility that a user-defined
external name will conflict with a name in a system library, which
could make finding unresolved-reference bugs quite difficult in some
cases&mdash;they might occur at program run time, and show up only as
buggy behavior at run time.
</p>
<p>In future versions of GNU Fortran we hope to improve naming and linking
issues so that debugging always involves using the names as they appear
in the source, even if the names as seen by the linker are mangled to
prevent accidental linking between procedures with incompatible
interfaces.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fsecond-underscore</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fsecond_002dunderscore"></a>
<a name="index-underscore-1"></a>
<a name="index-symbol-names_002c-underscores-1"></a>
<a name="index-transforming-symbol-names-1"></a>
<a name="index-symbol-names_002c-transforming-1"></a>
<a name="index-f2c-calling-convention-1"></a>
<a name="index-g77-calling-convention-1"></a>
<a name="index-libf2c-calling-convention-1"></a>
<p>By default, GNU Fortran appends an underscore to external
names.  If this option is used GNU Fortran appends two
underscores to names with underscores and one underscore to external names
with no underscores.  GNU Fortran also appends two underscores to
internal names with underscores to avoid naming collisions with external
names.
</p>
<p>This option has no effect if <samp>-fno-underscoring</samp> is
in effect.  It is implied by the <samp>-ff2c</samp> option.
</p>
<p>Otherwise, with this option, an external name such as <code>MAX_COUNT</code>
is implemented as a reference to the link-time external symbol
<code>max_count__</code>, instead of <code>max_count_</code>.  This is required
for compatibility with <code>g77</code> and <code>f2c</code>, and is implied
by use of the <samp>-ff2c</samp> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fbounds-check</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fbounds_002dcheck"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-bounds-checking"></a>
<a name="index-bounds-checking"></a>
<a name="index-range-checking"></a>
<a name="index-subscript-checking"></a>
<a name="index-checking-subscripts"></a>
<p>Enable generation of run-time checks for array subscripts
and against the declared minimum and maximum values.  It also
checks array indices for assumed and deferred
shape arrays against the actual allocated bounds and ensures that all string
lengths are equal for character array constructors without an explicit
typespec.
</p>
<p>Some checks require that <samp>-fbounds-check</samp> is set for
the compilation of the main program.
</p>
<p>Note: In the future this may also include other forms of checking, e.g.,
checking substring references.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>fcheck-array-temporaries</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fcheck_002darray_002dtemporaries"></a>
<a name="index-checking-array-temporaries"></a>
<p>Warns at run time when for passing an actual argument a temporary array
had to be generated. The information generated by this warning is
sometimes useful in optimization, in order to avoid such temporaries.
</p>
<p>Note: The warning is only printed once per location.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>-fmax-array-constructor=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fmax_002darray_002dconstructor"></a>
<p>This option can be used to increase the upper limit permitted in 
array constructors.  The code below requires this option to expand
the array at compile time.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"><code>program test</code>
<code>implicit none</code>
<code>integer j</code>
<code>integer, parameter :: n = 100000</code>
<code>integer, parameter :: i(n) = (/ (2*j, j = 1, n) /)</code>
<code>print '(10(I0,1X))', i</code>
<code>end program test</code>
</pre></div>

<p><em>Caution:  This option can lead to long compile times and excessively
large object files.</em>
</p>
<p>The default value for <var>n</var> is 65535.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>-fmax-stack-var-size=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fmax_002dstack_002dvar_002dsize"></a>
<p>This option specifies the size in bytes of the largest array that will be put
on the stack; if the size is exceeded static memory is used (except in
procedures marked as RECURSIVE). Use the option <samp>-frecursive</samp> to
allow for recursive procedures which do not have a RECURSIVE attribute or
for parallel programs. Use <samp>-fno-automatic</samp> to never use the stack.
</p>
<p>This option currently only affects local arrays declared with constant
bounds, and may not apply to all character variables.
Future versions of GNU Fortran may improve this behavior.
</p>
<p>The default value for <var>n</var> is 32768.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fpack-derived</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fpack_002dderived"></a>
<a name="index-structure-packing"></a>
<p>This option tells GNU Fortran to pack derived type members as closely as
possible.  Code compiled with this option is likely to be incompatible
with code compiled without this option, and may execute slower.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-frepack-arrays</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-frepack_002darrays"></a>
<a name="index-repacking-arrays"></a>
<p>In some circumstances GNU Fortran may pass assumed shape array
sections via a descriptor describing a noncontiguous area of memory.
This option adds code to the function prologue to repack the data into
a contiguous block at runtime.
</p>
<p>This should result in faster accesses to the array.  However it can introduce
significant overhead to the function call, especially  when the passed data
is noncontiguous.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fshort-enums</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fshort_002denums"></a>
<p>This option is provided for interoperability with C code that was
compiled with the <samp>-fshort-enums</samp> option.  It will make
GNU Fortran choose the smallest <code>INTEGER</code> kind a given
enumerator set will fit in, and give all its enumerators this kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fexternal-blas</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fexternal_002dblas"></a>
<p>This option will make <code>gfortran</code> generate calls to BLAS functions
for some matrix operations like <code>MATMUL</code>, instead of using our own
algorithms, if the size of the matrices involved is larger than a given
limit (see <samp>-fblas-matmul-limit</samp>).  This may be profitable if an
optimized vendor BLAS library is available.  The BLAS library will have
to be specified at link time.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-fblas-matmul-limit=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-fblas_002dmatmul_002dlimit"></a>
<p>Only significant when <samp>-fexternal-blas</samp> is in effect.
Matrix multiplication of matrices with size larger than (or equal to) <var>n</var>
will be performed by calls to BLAS functions, while others will be
handled by <code>gfortran</code> internal algorithms. If the matrices
involved are not square, the size comparison is performed using the
geometric mean of the dimensions of the argument and result matrices.
</p>
<p>The default value for <var>n</var> is 30.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-frecursive</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-frecursive"></a>
<p>Allow indirect recursion by forcing all local arrays to be allocated
on the stack. This flag cannot be used together with
<samp>-fmax-stack-var-size=</samp> or <samp>-fno-automatic</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-finit-local-zero</code></dt>
<dt><code>-finit-integer=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>-finit-real=<var>&lt;zero|inf|-inf|nan&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>-finit-logical=<var>&lt;true|false&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>-finit-character=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-finit_002dlocal_002dzero"></a>
<a name="index-finit_002dinteger"></a>
<a name="index-finit_002dreal"></a>
<a name="index-finit_002dlogical"></a>
<a name="index-finit_002dcharacter"></a>
<p>The <samp>-finit-local-zero</samp> option instructs the compiler to
initialize local <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>, and <code>COMPLEX</code>
variables to zero, <code>LOGICAL</code> variables to false, and
<code>CHARACTER</code> variables to a string of null bytes.  Finer-grained
initialization options are provided by the
<samp>-finit-integer=<var>n</var></samp>,
<samp>-finit-real=<var>&lt;zero|inf|-inf|nan&gt;</var></samp> (which also initializes
the real and imaginary parts of local <code>COMPLEX</code> variables),
<samp>-finit-logical=<var>&lt;true|false&gt;</var></samp>, and
<samp>-finit-character=<var>n</var></samp> (where <var>n</var> is an ASCII character
value) options.  These options do not initialize components of derived
type variables, nor do they initialize variables that appear in an
<code>EQUIVALENCE</code> statement.  (This limitation may be removed in
future releases).
</p>
<p>Note that the <samp>-finit-real=nan</samp> option initializes <code>REAL</code>
and <code>COMPLEX</code> variables with a quiet NaN.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-falign-commons</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-falign_002dcommons"></a>
<a name="index-alignment-of-COMMON-blocks-1"></a>
<p>By default, <code>gfortran</code> enforces proper alignment of all variables in a
COMMON block by padding them as needed. On certain platforms this is mandatory,
on others it increases performance. If a COMMON block is not declared with
consistent data types everywhere, this padding can cause trouble, and
<samp>-fno-align-commons </samp> can be used to disable automatic alignment. The
same form of this option should be used for all files that share a COMMON block.
To avoid potential alignment issues in COMMON blocks, it is recommended to order
objects from largests to smallest.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options">Options for Code Generation Conventions</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>, for information on more options
offered by the GBE
shared by <code>gfortran</code>, <code>gcc</code>, and other GNU compilers.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Environment-Variables"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Code-Gen-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Code Gen Options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Environment-variables-affecting-gfortran"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.10 Environment variables affecting <code>gfortran</code></h3>
<a name="index-environment-variable"></a>


<p>The <code>gfortran</code> compiler currently does not make use of any environment
variables to control its operation above and beyond those
that affect the operation of <code>gcc</code>.
</p>
<p>See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables Affecting GCC</a> in <cite>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>, for information on environment
variables.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#Runtime">Runtime</a>, for environment variables that affect the
run-time behavior of programs compiled with GNU Fortran.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Runtime"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fortran-2003-and-2008-status" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fortran 2003 and 2008 status</a>, Previous: <a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking GNU Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Runtime_003a-Influencing-runtime-behavior-with-environment-variables"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Runtime:  Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables</h2>
<a name="index-environment-variable-1"></a>

<p>The behavior of the <code>gfortran</code> can be influenced by
environment variables.
</p>
<p>Malformed environment variables are silently ignored.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDIN_005fUNIT" accesskey="1">GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Unit number for standard input
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT" accesskey="2">GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Unit number for standard output
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT" accesskey="3">GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Unit number for standard error
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR" accesskey="4">GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Send library output to standard error
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR" accesskey="5">GFORTRAN_TMPDIR</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Directory for scratch files
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL" accesskey="6">GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Don&rsquo;t buffer I/O for all units.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED" accesskey="7">GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Don&rsquo;t buffer I/O for preconnected units.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS" accesskey="8">GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Show location for runtime errors
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS" accesskey="9">GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Print leading + where permitted
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL">GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Default record length for new files
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR">GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Separator for list output
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT">GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Set endianness for unformatted I/O
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE">GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Dump core on run-time errors
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fBACKTRACE">GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Show backtrace on run-time errors
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSTDIN_005fUNIT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSTDIN_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dUnit-number-for-standard-input"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.1 <code>GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT</code>&mdash;Unit number for standard input</h3>

<p>This environment variable can be used to select the unit number
preconnected to standard input.  This must be a positive integer.
The default value is 5.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDIN_005fUNIT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dUnit-number-for-standard-output"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.2 <code>GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT</code>&mdash;Unit number for standard output</h3>

<p>This environment variable can be used to select the unit number
preconnected to standard output.  This must be a positive integer.
The default value is 6.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDOUT_005fUNIT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dUnit-number-for-standard-error"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.3 <code>GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT</code>&mdash;Unit number for standard error</h3>

<p>This environment variable can be used to select the unit number
preconnected to standard error.  This must be a positive integer.
The default value is 0.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_TMPDIR</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSTDERR_005fUNIT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR_002d_002d_002dSend-library-output-to-standard-error"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.4 <code>GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR</code>&mdash;Send library output to standard error</h3>

<p>This environment variable controls where library output is sent.
If the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo;, standard
error is used. If the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo; or
&lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;, standard output is used.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUSE_005fSTDERR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR_002d_002d_002dDirectory-for-scratch-files"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.5 <code>GFORTRAN_TMPDIR</code>&mdash;Directory for scratch files</h3>

<p>This environment variable controls where scratch files are
created.  If this environment variable is missing,
GNU Fortran searches for the environment variable <code>TMP</code>.  If
this is also missing, the default is <samp>/tmp</samp>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fTMPDIR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_TMPDIR</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL_002d_002d_002dDon_0027t-buffer-I_002fO-on-all-units"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.6 <code>GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL</code>&mdash;Don&rsquo;t buffer I/O on all units</h3>

<p>This environment variable controls whether all I/O is unbuffered.  If
the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo;, all I/O is
unbuffered. This will slow down small sequential reads and writes.  If
the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;, I/O is buffered.
This is the default.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fALL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED_002d_002d_002dDon_0027t-buffer-I_002fO-on-preconnected-units"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.7 <code>GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED</code>&mdash;Don&rsquo;t buffer I/O on preconnected units</h3>

<p>The environment variable named <code>GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED</code> controls
whether I/O on a preconnected unit (i.e. STDOUT or STDERR) is unbuffered.  If 
the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo;, I/O is unbuffered. This
will slow down small sequential reads and writes.  If the first letter
is &lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;, I/O is buffered.  This is the default.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fUNBUFFERED_005fPRECONNECTED" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS_002d_002d_002dShow-location-for-runtime-errors"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.8 <code>GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS</code>&mdash;Show location for runtime errors</h3>

<p>If the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo;, filename and
line numbers for runtime errors are printed.  If the first letter is
&lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;, don&rsquo;t print filename and line numbers
for runtime errors. The default is to print the location.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fSHOW_005fLOCUS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS_002d_002d_002dPrint-leading-_002b-where-permitted"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.9 <code>GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS</code>&mdash;Print leading + where permitted</h3>

<p>If the first letter is &lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo;,
a plus sign is printed
where permitted by the Fortran standard.  If the first letter
is &lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;, a plus sign is not printed
in most cases. Default is not to print plus signs.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fOPTIONAL_005fPLUS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL_002d_002d_002dDefault-record-length-for-new-files"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.10 <code>GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL</code>&mdash;Default record length for new files</h3>

<p>This environment variable specifies the default record length, in
bytes, for files which are opened without a <code>RECL</code> tag in the
<code>OPEN</code> statement.  This must be a positive integer.  The
default value is 1073741824 bytes (1 GB).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fDEFAULT_005fRECL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR_002d_002d_002dSeparator-for-list-output"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.11 <code>GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR</code>&mdash;Separator for list output</h3>

<p>This environment variable specifies the separator when writing
list-directed output.  It may contain any number of spaces and
at most one comma.  If you specify this on the command line,
be sure to quote spaces, as in
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">$ GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR='  ,  ' ./a.out
</pre></div>
<p>when <code>a.out</code> is the compiled Fortran program that you want to run.
Default is a single space.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fLIST_005fSEPARATOR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT_002d_002d_002dSet-endianness-for-unformatted-I_002fO"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.12 <code>GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</code>&mdash;Set endianness for unformatted I/O</h3>

<p>By setting the <code>GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</code> variable, it is possible
to change the representation of data for unformatted files.
The syntax for the <code>GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</code> variable is:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT: mode | mode ';' exception | exception ;
mode: 'native' | 'swap' | 'big_endian' | 'little_endian' ;
exception: mode ':' unit_list | unit_list ;
unit_list: unit_spec | unit_list unit_spec ;
unit_spec: INTEGER | INTEGER '-' INTEGER ;
</pre></div>
<p>The variable consists of an optional default mode, followed by
a list of optional exceptions, which are separated by semicolons
from the preceding default and each other.  Each exception consists
of a format and a comma-separated list of units.  Valid values for
the modes are the same as for the <code>CONVERT</code> specifier:
</p>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><!-- /@w --> <code>NATIVE</code> Use the native format.  This is the default.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>SWAP</code> Swap between little- and big-endian.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>LITTLE_ENDIAN</code> Use the little-endian format
for unformatted files.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>BIG_ENDIAN</code> Use the big-endian format for unformatted files.
</li></ul>
<p>A missing mode for an exception is taken to mean <code>BIG_ENDIAN</code>.
Examples of values for <code>GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</code> are:
</p><ul class="no-bullet">
<li><!-- /@w --> <code>'big_endian'</code>  Do all unformatted I/O in big_endian mode.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>'little_endian;native:10-20,25'</code>  Do all unformatted I/O 
in little_endian mode, except for units 10 to 20 and 25, which are in
native format.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>'10-20'</code>  Units 10 to 20 are big-endian, the rest is native.
</li></ul>

<p>Setting the environment variables should be done on the command
line or via the <code>export</code>
command for <code>sh</code>-compatible shells and via <code>setenv</code>
for <code>csh</code>-compatible shells.
</p>
<p>Example for <code>sh</code>:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">$ gfortran foo.f90
$ GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT='big_endian;native:10-20' ./a.out
</pre></div>

<p>Example code for <code>csh</code>:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">% gfortran foo.f90
% setenv GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT 'big_endian;native:10-20'
% ./a.out
</pre></div>

<p>Using anything but the native representation for unformatted data
carries a significant speed overhead.  If speed in this area matters
to you, it is best if you use this only for data that needs to be
portable.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#CONVERT-specifier">CONVERT specifier</a>, for an alternative way to specify the
data representation for unformatted files.  See <a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a>, for
setting a default data representation for the whole program.  The
<code>CONVERT</code> specifier overrides the <samp>-fconvert</samp> compile options.
</p>
<p><em>Note that the values specified via the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT
environment variable will override the CONVERT specifier in the
open statement</em>.  This is to give control over data formats to
users who do not have the source code of their program available.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fBACKTRACE" accesskey="n" rel="next">GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE</a>, Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE_002d_002d_002dDump-core-on-run_002dtime-errors"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.13 <code>GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE</code>&mdash;Dump core on run-time errors</h3>

<p>If the <code>GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE</code> variable is set to
&lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo; (only the first letter is relevant)
then library run-time errors cause core dumps. To disable the core
dumps, set the variable to &lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;. Default
is not to core dump unless the <samp>-fdump-core</samp> compile option
was used.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fBACKTRACE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fDUMPCORE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE</a>, Up: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="u" rel="up">Runtime</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GFORTRAN_005fERROR_005fBACKTRACE_002d_002d_002dShow-backtrace-on-run_002dtime-errors"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.14 <code>GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE</code>&mdash;Show backtrace on run-time errors</h3>

<p>If the <code>GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE</code> variable is set to
&lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1</samp>&rsquo; (only the first letter is relevant)
then a backtrace is printed when a run-time error occurs.
To disable the backtracing, set the variable to
&lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;. Default is not to print a backtrace
unless the <samp>-fbacktrace</samp> compile option
was used.
</p>



<hr>
<a name="Fortran-2003-and-2008-status"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Compiler-Characteristics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Compiler Characteristics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Runtime" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Runtime</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Fortran-2003-and-2008-Status"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Fortran 2003 and 2008 Status</h2>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fortran-2003-status" accesskey="1">Fortran 2003 status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fortran-2008-status" accesskey="2">Fortran 2008 status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Fortran-2003-status"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fortran-2008-status" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fortran 2008 status</a>, Up: <a href="#Fortran-2003-and-2008-status" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fortran 2003 and 2008 status</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Fortran-2003-status-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.1 Fortran 2003 status</h3>

<p>Although GNU Fortran focuses on implementing the Fortran 95
standard for the time being, a few Fortran 2003 features are currently
available.
</p>
<ul>
<li> Intrinsics <code>command_argument_count</code>, <code>get_command</code>,
<code>get_command_argument</code>, <code>get_environment_variable</code>, and
<code>move_alloc</code>.

</li><li> <a name="index-array_002c-constructors"></a>
<a name="index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d"></a>
Array constructors using square brackets. That is, <code>[...]</code> rather
than <code>(/.../)</code>.

</li><li> <a name="index-FLUSH-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-FLUSH"></a>
<code>FLUSH</code> statement.

</li><li> <a name="index-IOMSG_003d-specifier"></a>
<code>IOMSG=</code> specifier for I/O statements.

</li><li> <a name="index-ENUM-statement"></a>
<a name="index-ENUMERATOR-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-ENUM"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-ENUMERATOR"></a>
<a name="index-fshort_002denums-1"></a>
Support for the declaration of enumeration constants via the
<code>ENUM</code> and <code>ENUMERATOR</code> statements.  Interoperability with
<code>gcc</code> is guaranteed also for the case where the
<code>-fshort-enums</code> command line option is given.

</li><li> <a name="index-TR-15581"></a>
TR 15581:
<ul>
<li> <a name="index-ALLOCATABLE-dummy-arguments"></a>
<code>ALLOCATABLE</code> dummy arguments.
</li><li> <a name="index-ALLOCATABLE-function-results"></a>
<code>ALLOCATABLE</code> function results
</li><li> <a name="index-ALLOCATABLE-components-of-derived-types"></a>
<code>ALLOCATABLE</code> components of derived types
</li></ul>

</li><li> <a name="index-STREAM-I_002fO"></a>
<a name="index-ACCESS_003d_0027STREAM_0027-I_002fO"></a>
The <code>OPEN</code> statement supports the <code>ACCESS='STREAM'</code> specifier,
allowing I/O without any record structure.

</li><li> Namelist input/output for internal files.

</li><li> <a name="index-PROTECTED-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-PROTECTED"></a>
The <code>PROTECTED</code> statement and attribute.

</li><li> <a name="index-VALUE-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-VALUE"></a>
The <code>VALUE</code> statement and attribute.

</li><li> <a name="index-VOLATILE-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-VOLATILE"></a>
The <code>VOLATILE</code> statement and attribute.

</li><li> <a name="index-IMPORT-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-IMPORT"></a>
The <code>IMPORT</code> statement, allowing to import
host-associated derived types.

</li><li> <a name="index-USE_002c-INTRINSIC-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-USE_002c-INTRINSIC"></a>
<a name="index-ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV-statement"></a>
<a name="index-statement_002c-ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV"></a>
<code>USE</code> statement with <code>INTRINSIC</code> and <code>NON_INTRINSIC</code>
attribute; supported intrinsic modules: <code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code>,
<code>OMP_LIB</code> and <code>OMP_LIB_KINDS</code>.

</li><li> Renaming of operators in the <code>USE</code> statement.

</li><li> <a name="index-ISO-C-Bindings"></a>
Interoperability with C (ISO C Bindings)

</li><li> BOZ as argument of INT, REAL, DBLE and CMPLX.

</li></ul>


<hr>
<a name="Fortran-2008-status"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Fortran-2003-status" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fortran 2003 status</a>, Up: <a href="#Fortran-2003-and-2008-status" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fortran 2003 and 2008 status</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Fortran-2008-status-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.2 Fortran 2008 status</h3>

<p>The next version of the Fortran standard after Fortran 2003 is currently
being worked on by the Working Group 5 of Sub-Committee 22 of the Joint
Technical Committee 1 of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC). This group is known at <a href="http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/">WG5</a>.
The next revision of the Fortran standard is informally referred to as
Fortran 2008, reflecting its planned release year. The GNU Fortran
compiler has support for some of the new features in Fortran 2008. This
support is based on the latest draft, available from
<a href="http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/">http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/</a>. However, as the final standard may
differ from the drafts, no guarantee of backward compatibility can be
made and you should only use it for experimental purposes.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Compiler-Characteristics"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Extensions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Extensions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Fortran-2003-and-2008-status" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fortran 2003 and 2008 status</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Compiler-Characteristics-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Compiler Characteristics</h2>

<p>This chapter describes certain characteristics of the GNU Fortran
compiler, that are not specified by the Fortran standard, but which
might in some way or another become visible to the programmer.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#KIND-Type-Parameters" accesskey="1">KIND Type Parameters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables" accesskey="2">Internal representation of LOGICAL variables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>


<hr>
<a name="KIND-Type-Parameters"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables" accesskey="n" rel="next">Internal representation of LOGICAL variables</a>, Up: <a href="#Compiler-Characteristics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Compiler Characteristics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="KIND-Type-Parameters-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.1 KIND Type Parameters</h3>
<a name="index-kind"></a>

<p>The <code>KIND</code> type parameters supported by GNU Fortran for the primitive
data types are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>INTEGER</code></dt>
<dd><p>1, 2, 4, 8*, 16*, default: 4 (1)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>LOGICAL</code></dt>
<dd><p>1, 2, 4, 8*, 16*, default: 4 (1)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>REAL</code></dt>
<dd><p>4, 8, 10**, 16**, default: 4 (2)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>COMPLEX</code></dt>
<dd><p>4, 8, 10**, 16**, default: 4 (2)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>CHARACTER</code></dt>
<dd><p>1, 4, default: 1
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>* = not available on all systems <br>
** = not available on all systems; additionally 10 and 16 are never
available at the same time <br>
(1) Unless -fdefault-integer-8 is used <br>
(2) Unless -fdefault-real-8 is used
</p>
<p>The <code>KIND</code> value matches the storage size in bytes, except for
<code>COMPLEX</code> where the storage size is twice as much (or both real and
imaginary part are a real value of the given size).  It is recommended to use
the <code>SELECT_*_KIND</code> intrinsics instead of the concrete values.
</p>

<hr>
<a name="Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#KIND-Type-Parameters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">KIND Type Parameters</a>, Up: <a href="#Compiler-Characteristics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Compiler Characteristics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.2 Internal representation of LOGICAL variables</h3>
<a name="index-logical_002c-variable-representation"></a>

<p>The Fortran standard does not specify how variables of <code>LOGICAL</code>
type are represented, beyond requiring that <code>LOGICAL</code> variables
of default kind have the same storage size as default <code>INTEGER</code>
and <code>REAL</code> variables.  The GNU Fortran internal representation is
as follows.
</p>
<p>A <code>LOGICAL(KIND=N)</code> variable is represented as an
<code>INTEGER(KIND=N)</code> variable, however, with only two permissible
values: <code>1</code> for <code>.TRUE.</code> and <code>0</code> for
<code>.FALSE.</code>. Any other integer value results in undefined behavior.
</p>
<p>Note that for mixed-language programming using the
<code>ISO_C_BINDING</code> feature, there is a <code>C_BOOL</code> kind that can
be used to create <code>LOGICAL(KIND=C_BOOL)</code> variables which are
interoperable with the C99 _Bool type.  The C99 _Bool type has an
internal representation described in the C99 standard, which is
identical to the above description, i.e. with 1 for true and 0 for
false being the only permissible values.  Thus the internal
representation of <code>LOGICAL</code> variables in GNU Fortran is identical
to C99 _Bool, except for a possible difference in storage size
depending on the kind.
</p>



<hr>
<a name="Extensions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="n" rel="next">Intrinsic Procedures</a>, Previous: <a href="#Compiler-Characteristics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Compiler Characteristics</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Extensions-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">6 Extensions</h2>
<a name="index-extensions"></a>

<p>The two sections below detail the extensions to standard Fortran that are
implemented in GNU Fortran, as well as some of the popular or
historically important extensions that are not (or not yet) implemented.
For the latter case, we explain the alternatives available to GNU Fortran
users, including replacement by standard-conforming code or GNU
extensions.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="1">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="2">Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>


<hr>
<a name="Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="n" rel="next">Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.1 Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</h3>
<a name="index-extensions_002c-implemented"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran implements a number of extensions over standard
Fortran. This chapter contains information on their syntax and
meaning.  There are currently two categories of GNU Fortran
extensions, those that provide functionality beyond that provided
by any standard, and those that are supported by GNU Fortran
purely for backward compatibility with legacy compilers.  By default,
<samp>-std=gnu</samp> allows the compiler to accept both types of
extensions, but to warn about the use of the latter.  Specifying
either <samp>-std=f95</samp>, <samp>-std=f2003</samp> or <samp>-std=f2008</samp>
disables both types of extensions, and <samp>-std=legacy</samp> allows both
without warning.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications" accesskey="1">Old-style kind specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization" accesskey="2">Old-style variable initialization</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Extensions-to-namelist" accesskey="3">Extensions to namelist</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#X-format-descriptor-without-count-field" accesskey="4">X format descriptor without count field</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications" accesskey="5">Commas in FORMAT specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications" accesskey="6">Missing period in FORMAT specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#I_002fO-item-lists" accesskey="7">I/O item lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BOZ-literal-constants" accesskey="8">BOZ literal constants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Real-array-indices" accesskey="9">Real array indices</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Unary-operators">Unary operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values">Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hollerith-constants-support">Hollerith constants support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cray-pointers">Cray pointers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CONVERT-specifier">CONVERT specifier</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#OpenMP">OpenMP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Argument-list-functions">Argument list functions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization" accesskey="n" rel="next">Old-style variable initialization</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Old-style kind specifications</h4>
<a name="index-kind_002c-old_002dstyle"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran allows old-style kind specifications in declarations. These
look like:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      TYPESPEC*size x,y,z
</pre></div>
<p>where <code>TYPESPEC</code> is a basic type (<code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>,
etc.), and where <code>size</code> is a byte count corresponding to the
storage size of a valid kind for that type.  (For <code>COMPLEX</code>
variables, <code>size</code> is the total size of the real and imaginary
parts.)  The statement then declares <code>x</code>, <code>y</code> and <code>z</code> to
be of type <code>TYPESPEC</code> with the appropriate kind.  This is
equivalent to the standard-conforming declaration
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      TYPESPEC(k) x,y,z
</pre></div>
<p>where <code>k</code> is the kind parameter suitable for the intended precision.  As
kind parameters are implementation-dependent, use the <code>KIND</code>,
<code>SELECTED_INT_KIND</code> and <code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND</code> intrinsics to retrieve
the correct value, for instance <code>REAL*8 x</code> can be replaced by:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">INTEGER, PARAMETER :: dbl = KIND(1.0d0)
REAL(KIND=dbl) :: x
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Extensions-to-namelist" accesskey="n" rel="next">Extensions to namelist</a>, Previous: <a href="#Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Old-style kind specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Old-style variable initialization</h4>

<p>GNU Fortran allows old-style initialization of variables of the
form:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      INTEGER i/1/,j/2/
      REAL x(2,2) /3*0.,1./
</pre></div>
<p>The syntax for the initializers is as for the <code>DATA</code> statement, but
unlike in a <code>DATA</code> statement, an initializer only applies to the
variable immediately preceding the initialization.  In other words,
something like <code>INTEGER I,J/2,3/</code> is not valid.  This style of
initialization is only allowed in declarations without double colons
(<code>::</code>); the double colons were introduced in Fortran 90, which also
introduced a standard syntax for initializing variables in type
declarations.
</p>
<p>Examples of standard-conforming code equivalent to the above example
are:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">! Fortran 90
      INTEGER :: i = 1, j = 2
      REAL :: x(2,2) = RESHAPE((/0.,0.,0.,1./),SHAPE(x))
! Fortran 77
      INTEGER i, j
      REAL x(2,2)
      DATA i/1/, j/2/, x/3*0.,1./
</pre></div>

<p>Note that variables which are explicitly initialized in declarations
or in <code>DATA</code> statements automatically acquire the <code>SAVE</code>
attribute.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Extensions-to-namelist"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#X-format-descriptor-without-count-field" accesskey="n" rel="next">X format descriptor without count field</a>, Previous: <a href="#Old_002dstyle-variable-initialization" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Old-style variable initialization</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Extensions-to-namelist-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Extensions to namelist</h4>
<a name="index-Namelist"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran fully supports the Fortran 95 standard for namelist I/O
including array qualifiers, substrings and fully qualified derived types.
The output from a namelist write is compatible with namelist read.  The
output has all names in upper case and indentation to column 1 after the
namelist name.  Two extensions are permitted:
</p>
<p>Old-style use of &lsquo;<samp>$</samp>&rsquo; instead of &lsquo;<samp>&amp;</samp>&rsquo;
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">$MYNML
 X(:)%Y(2) = 1.0 2.0 3.0
 CH(1:4) = &quot;abcd&quot;
$END
</pre></div>

<p>It should be noted that the default terminator is &lsquo;<samp>/</samp>&rsquo; rather than
&lsquo;<samp>&amp;END</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<p>Querying of the namelist when inputting from stdin. After at least
one space, entering &lsquo;<samp>?</samp>&rsquo; sends to stdout the namelist name and the names of
the variables in the namelist:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> ?

&amp;mynml
 x
 x%y
 ch
&amp;end
</pre></div>

<p>Entering &lsquo;<samp>=?</samp>&rsquo; outputs the namelist to stdout, as if
<code>WRITE(*,NML = mynml)</code> had been called:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">=?

&amp;MYNML
 X(1)%Y=  0.000000    ,  1.000000    ,  0.000000    ,
 X(2)%Y=  0.000000    ,  2.000000    ,  0.000000    ,
 X(3)%Y=  0.000000    ,  3.000000    ,  0.000000    ,
 CH=abcd,  /
</pre></div>

<p>To aid this dialog, when input is from stdin, errors send their
messages to stderr and execution continues, even if <code>IOSTAT</code> is set.
</p>
<p><code>PRINT</code> namelist is permitted.  This causes an error if
<samp>-std=f95</samp> is used.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_print
  REAL, dimension (4)  ::  x = (/1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0/)
  NAMELIST /mynml/ x
  PRINT mynml
END PROGRAM test_print
</pre></div>

<p>Expanded namelist reads are permitted.  This causes an error if 
<samp>-std=f95</samp> is used.  In the following example, the first element
of the array will be given the value 0.00 and the two succeeding
elements will be given the values 1.00 and 2.00.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">&amp;MYNML
  X(1,1) = 0.00 , 1.00 , 2.00
/
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="X-format-descriptor-without-count-field"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commas in FORMAT specifications</a>, Previous: <a href="#Extensions-to-namelist" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Extensions to namelist</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="X-format-descriptor-without-count-field-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 <code>X</code> format descriptor without count field</h4>

<p>To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran permits the count field of the
<code>X</code> edit descriptor in <code>FORMAT</code> statements to be omitted.
When omitted, the count is implicitly assumed to be one.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">       PRINT 10, 2, 3
10     FORMAT (I1, X, I1)
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications" accesskey="n" rel="next">Missing period in FORMAT specifications</a>, Previous: <a href="#X-format-descriptor-without-count-field" accesskey="p" rel="prev">X format descriptor without count field</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 Commas in <code>FORMAT</code> specifications</h4>

<p>To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows the comma separator
to be omitted immediately before and after character string edit
descriptors in <code>FORMAT</code> statements.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">       PRINT 10, 2, 3
10     FORMAT ('FOO='I1' BAR='I2)
</pre></div>


<hr>
<a name="Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#I_002fO-item-lists" accesskey="n" rel="next">I/O item lists</a>, Previous: <a href="#Commas-in-FORMAT-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Commas in FORMAT specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.6 Missing period in <code>FORMAT</code> specifications</h4>

<p>To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows missing periods in format
specifications if and only if <samp>-std=legacy</samp> is given on the
command line.  This is considered non-conforming code and is
discouraged.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">       REAL :: value
       READ(*,10) value
10     FORMAT ('F4')
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="I_002fO-item-lists"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BOZ-literal-constants" accesskey="n" rel="next">BOZ literal constants</a>, Previous: <a href="#Missing-period-in-FORMAT-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Missing period in FORMAT specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="I_002fO-item-lists-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.7 I/O item lists</h4>
<a name="index-I_002fO-item-lists"></a>

<p>To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows the input item list
of the <code>READ</code> statement, and the output item lists of the
<code>WRITE</code> and <code>PRINT</code> statements, to start with a comma.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="BOZ-literal-constants"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Real-array-indices" accesskey="n" rel="next">Real array indices</a>, Previous: <a href="#I_002fO-item-lists" accesskey="p" rel="prev">I/O item lists</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BOZ-literal-constants-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.8 BOZ literal constants</h4>
<a name="index-BOZ-literal-constants"></a>

<p>Besides decimal constants, Fortran also supports binary (<code>b</code>),
octal (<code>o</code>) and hexadecimal (<code>z</code>) integer constants. The
syntax is: &lsquo;<samp>prefix quote digits quote</samp>&rsquo;, were the prefix is
either <code>b</code>, <code>o</code> or <code>z</code>, quote is either <code>'</code> or
<code>&quot;</code> and the digits are for binary <code>0</code> or <code>1</code>, for
octal between <code>0</code> and <code>7</code>, and for hexadecimal between
<code>0</code> and <code>F</code>. (Example: <code>b'01011101'</code>.)
</p>
<p>Up to Fortran 95, BOZ literals were only allowed to initialize
integer variables in DATA statements. Since Fortran 2003 BOZ literals
are also allowed as argument of <code>REAL</code>, <code>DBLE</code>, <code>INT</code>
and <code>CMPLX</code>; the result is the same as if the integer BOZ
literal had been converted by <code>TRANSFER</code> to, respectively,
<code>real</code>, <code>double precision</code>, <code>integer</code> or <code>complex</code>.
As GNU Fortran extension the intrinsic procedures <code>FLOAT</code>,
<code>DFLOAT</code>, <code>COMPLEX</code> and <code>DCMPLX</code> are treated alike.
</p>
<p>As an extension, GNU Fortran allows hexadecimal BOZ literal constants to
be specified using the <code>X</code> prefix, in addition to the standard
<code>Z</code> prefix. The BOZ literal can also be specified by adding a
suffix to the string, for example, <code>Z'ABC'</code> and <code>'ABC'Z</code> are
equivalent.
</p>
<p>Furthermore, GNU Fortran allows using BOZ literal constants outside
DATA statements and the four intrinsic functions allowed by Fortran 2003.
In DATA statements, in direct assignments, where the right-hand side
only contains a BOZ literal constant, and for old-style initializers of
the form <code>integer i /o'0173'/</code>, the constant is transferred
as if <code>TRANSFER</code> had been used; for <code>COMPLEX</code> numbers, only
the real part is initialized unless <code>CMPLX</code> is used. In all other
cases, the BOZ literal constant is converted to an <code>INTEGER</code> value with
the largest decimal representation.  This value is then converted
numerically to the type and kind of the variable in question.
(For instance <code>real :: r = b'0000001' + 1</code> initializes <code>r</code>
with <code>2.0</code>.) As different compilers implement the extension
differently, one should be careful when doing bitwise initialization
of non-integer variables.
</p>
<p>Note that initializing an <code>INTEGER</code> variable with a statement such
as <code>DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/</code> will give an integer overflow error rather
than the desired result of <em>-1</em> when <code>i</code> is a 32-bit integer
on a system that supports 64-bit integers.  The &lsquo;<samp>-fno-range-check</samp>&rsquo;
option can be used as a workaround for legacy code that initializes
integers in this manner.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Real-array-indices"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Unary-operators" accesskey="n" rel="next">Unary operators</a>, Previous: <a href="#BOZ-literal-constants" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BOZ literal constants</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Real-array-indices-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.9 Real array indices</h4>
<a name="index-array_002c-indices-of-type-real"></a>

<p>As an extension, GNU Fortran allows the use of <code>REAL</code> expressions
or variables as array indices.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Unary-operators"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values</a>, Previous: <a href="#Real-array-indices" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Real array indices</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Unary-operators-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.10 Unary operators</h4>
<a name="index-operators_002c-unary"></a>

<p>As an extension, GNU Fortran allows unary plus and unary minus operators
to appear as the second operand of binary arithmetic operators without
the need for parenthesis.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">       X = Y * -Z
</pre></div>

<hr>
<a name="Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Hollerith-constants-support" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hollerith constants support</a>, Previous: <a href="#Unary-operators" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Unary operators</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.11 Implicitly convert <code>LOGICAL</code> and <code>INTEGER</code> values</h4>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-logical"></a>

<p>As an extension for backwards compatibility with other compilers, GNU
Fortran allows the implicit conversion of <code>LOGICAL</code> values to
<code>INTEGER</code> values and vice versa.  When converting from a
<code>LOGICAL</code> to an <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>.FALSE.</code> is interpreted as
zero, and <code>.TRUE.</code> is interpreted as one.  When converting from
<code>INTEGER</code> to <code>LOGICAL</code>, the value zero is interpreted as
<code>.FALSE.</code> and any nonzero value is interpreted as <code>.TRUE.</code>.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        LOGICAL :: l
        l = 1
</pre></div>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        INTEGER :: i
        i = .TRUE.
</pre></div>

<p>However, there is no implicit conversion of <code>INTEGER</code> values in
<code>if</code>-statements, nor of <code>LOGICAL</code> or <code>INTEGER</code> values
in I/O operations.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Hollerith-constants-support"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Cray-pointers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cray pointers</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Hollerith-constants-support-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.12 Hollerith constants support</h4>
<a name="index-Hollerith-constants"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran supports Hollerith constants in assignments, function
arguments, and <code>DATA</code> and <code>ASSIGN</code> statements.  A Hollerith
constant is written as a string of characters preceded by an integer
constant indicating the character count, and the letter <code>H</code> or
<code>h</code>, and stored in bytewise fashion in a numeric (<code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>complex</code>) or <code>LOGICAL</code> variable.  The
constant will be padded or truncated to fit the size of the variable in
which it is stored.
</p>
<p>Examples of valid uses of Hollerith constants:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      complex*16 x(2)
      data x /16Habcdefghijklmnop, 16Hqrstuvwxyz012345/
      x(1) = 16HABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP
      call foo (4h abc)
</pre></div>

<p>Invalid Hollerith constants examples:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      integer*4 a
      a = 8H12345678 ! Valid, but the Hollerith constant will be truncated.
      a = 0H         ! At least one character is needed.
</pre></div>

<p>In general, Hollerith constants were used to provide a rudimentary
facility for handling character strings in early Fortran compilers,
prior to the introduction of <code>CHARACTER</code> variables in Fortran 77;
in those cases, the standard-compliant equivalent is to convert the
program to use proper character strings.  On occasion, there may be a
case where the intent is specifically to initialize a numeric variable
with a given byte sequence.  In these cases, the same result can be
obtained by using the <code>TRANSFER</code> statement, as in this example.
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      INTEGER(KIND=4) :: a
      a = TRANSFER (&quot;abcd&quot;, a)     ! equivalent to: a = 4Habcd
</pre></div>


<hr>
<a name="Cray-pointers"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CONVERT-specifier" accesskey="n" rel="next">CONVERT specifier</a>, Previous: <a href="#Hollerith-constants-support" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hollerith constants support</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Cray-pointers-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.13 Cray pointers</h4>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-Cray"></a>

<p>Cray pointers are part of a non-standard extension that provides a
C-like pointer in Fortran.  This is accomplished through a pair of
variables: an integer &quot;pointer&quot; that holds a memory address, and a
&quot;pointee&quot; that is used to dereference the pointer.
</p>
<p>Pointer/pointee pairs are declared in statements of the form:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        pointer ( &lt;pointer&gt; , &lt;pointee&gt; )
</pre></div>
<p>or,
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        pointer ( &lt;pointer1&gt; , &lt;pointee1&gt; ), ( &lt;pointer2&gt; , &lt;pointee2&gt; ), ...
</pre></div>
<p>The pointer is an integer that is intended to hold a memory address.
The pointee may be an array or scalar.  A pointee can be an assumed
size array&mdash;that is, the last dimension may be left unspecified by
using a <code>*</code> in place of a value&mdash;but a pointee cannot be an
assumed shape array.  No space is allocated for the pointee.
</p>
<p>The pointee may have its type declared before or after the pointer
statement, and its array specification (if any) may be declared
before, during, or after the pointer statement.  The pointer may be
declared as an integer prior to the pointer statement.  However, some
machines have default integer sizes that are different than the size
of a pointer, and so the following code is not portable:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        integer ipt
        pointer (ipt, iarr)
</pre></div>
<p>If a pointer is declared with a kind that is too small, the compiler
will issue a warning; the resulting binary will probably not work
correctly, because the memory addresses stored in the pointers may be
truncated.  It is safer to omit the first line of the above example;
if explicit declaration of ipt&rsquo;s type is omitted, then the compiler
will ensure that ipt is an integer variable large enough to hold a
pointer.
</p>
<p>Pointer arithmetic is valid with Cray pointers, but it is not the same
as C pointer arithmetic.  Cray pointers are just ordinary integers, so
the user is responsible for determining how many bytes to add to a
pointer in order to increment it.  Consider the following example:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        real target(10)
        real pointee(10)
        pointer (ipt, pointee)
        ipt = loc (target)
        ipt = ipt + 1       
</pre></div>
<p>The last statement does not set <code>ipt</code> to the address of
<code>target(1)</code>, as it would in C pointer arithmetic.  Adding <code>1</code>
to <code>ipt</code> just adds one byte to the address stored in <code>ipt</code>.
</p>
<p>Any expression involving the pointee will be translated to use the
value stored in the pointer as the base address.
</p>
<p>To get the address of elements, this extension provides an intrinsic
function <code>LOC()</code>.  The <code>LOC()</code> function is equivalent to the
<code>&amp;</code> operator in C, except the address is cast to an integer type:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        real ar(10)
        pointer(ipt, arpte(10))
        real arpte
        ipt = loc(ar)  ! Makes arpte is an alias for ar
        arpte(1) = 1.0 ! Sets ar(1) to 1.0
</pre></div>
<p>The pointer can also be set by a call to the <code>MALLOC</code> intrinsic
(see <a href="#MALLOC">MALLOC</a>).
</p>
<p>Cray pointees often are used to alias an existing variable.  For
example:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">        integer target(10)
        integer iarr(10)
        pointer (ipt, iarr)
        ipt = loc(target)
</pre></div>
<p>As long as <code>ipt</code> remains unchanged, <code>iarr</code> is now an alias for
<code>target</code>. The optimizer, however, will not detect this aliasing, so
it is unsafe to use <code>iarr</code> and <code>target</code> simultaneously.  Using
a pointee in any way that violates the Fortran aliasing rules or
assumptions is illegal. It is the user&rsquo;s responsibility to avoid doing
this; the compiler works under the assumption that no such aliasing
occurs.
</p>
<p>Cray pointers will work correctly when there is no aliasing (i.e., when
they are used to access a dynamically allocated block of memory), and
also in any routine where a pointee is used, but any variable with which
it shares storage is not used.  Code that violates these rules may not
run as the user intends.  This is not a bug in the optimizer; any code
that violates the aliasing rules is illegal.  (Note that this is not
unique to GNU Fortran; any Fortran compiler that supports Cray pointers
will &ldquo;incorrectly&rdquo; optimize code with illegal aliasing.)
</p>
<p>There are a number of restrictions on the attributes that can be applied
to Cray pointers and pointees.  Pointees may not have the
<code>ALLOCATABLE</code>, <code>INTENT</code>, <code>OPTIONAL</code>, <code>DUMMY</code>,
<code>TARGET</code>, <code>INTRINSIC</code>, or <code>POINTER</code> attributes. Pointers
may not have the <code>DIMENSION</code>, <code>POINTER</code>, <code>TARGET</code>,
<code>ALLOCATABLE</code>, <code>EXTERNAL</code>, or <code>INTRINSIC</code> attributes.
Pointees may not occur in more than one pointer statement.  A pointee
cannot be a pointer.  Pointees cannot occur in equivalence, common, or
data statements.
</p>
<p>A Cray pointer may also point to a function or a subroutine.  For
example, the following excerpt is valid:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  implicit none
  external sub
  pointer (subptr,subpte)
  external subpte
  subptr = loc(sub)
  call subpte()
  [...]
  subroutine sub
  [...]
  end subroutine sub
</pre></div>

<p>A pointer may be modified during the course of a program, and this
will change the location to which the pointee refers.  However, when
pointees are passed as arguments, they are treated as ordinary
variables in the invoked function.  Subsequent changes to the pointer
will not change the base address of the array that was passed.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="CONVERT-specifier"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#OpenMP" accesskey="n" rel="next">OpenMP</a>, Previous: <a href="#Cray-pointers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Cray pointers</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CONVERT-specifier-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.14 <code>CONVERT</code> specifier</h4>
<a name="index-CONVERT-specifier"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran allows the conversion of unformatted data between little-
and big-endian representation to facilitate moving of data
between different systems.  The conversion can be indicated with
the <code>CONVERT</code> specifier on the <code>OPEN</code> statement.
See <a href="#GFORTRAN_005fCONVERT_005fUNIT">GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT</a>, for an alternative way of specifying
the data format via an environment variable.
</p>
<p>Valid values for <code>CONVERT</code> are:
</p><ul class="no-bullet">
<li><!-- /@w --> <code>CONVERT='NATIVE'</code> Use the native format.  This is the default.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>CONVERT='SWAP'</code> Swap between little- and big-endian.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>CONVERT='LITTLE_ENDIAN'</code> Use the little-endian representation
for unformatted files.
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>CONVERT='BIG_ENDIAN'</code> Use the big-endian representation for
unformatted files.
</li></ul>

<p>Using the option could look like this:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  open(file='big.dat',form='unformatted',access='sequential', &amp;
       convert='big_endian')
</pre></div>

<p>The value of the conversion can be queried by using
<code>INQUIRE(CONVERT=ch)</code>.  The values returned are
<code>'BIG_ENDIAN'</code> and <code>'LITTLE_ENDIAN'</code>.
</p>
<p><code>CONVERT</code> works between big- and little-endian for
<code>INTEGER</code> values of all supported kinds and for <code>REAL</code>
on IEEE systems of kinds 4 and 8.  Conversion between different
&ldquo;extended double&rdquo; types on different architectures such as
m68k and x86_64, which GNU Fortran
supports as <code>REAL(KIND=10)</code> and <code>REAL(KIND=16)</code>, will
probably not work.
</p>
<p><em>Note that the values specified via the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT
environment variable will override the CONVERT specifier in the
open statement</em>.  This is to give control over data formats to
users who do not have the source code of their program available.
</p>
<p>Using anything but the native representation for unformatted data
carries a significant speed overhead.  If speed in this area matters
to you, it is best if you use this only for data that needs to be
portable.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="OpenMP"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Argument-list-functions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Argument list functions</a>, Previous: <a href="#CONVERT-specifier" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CONVERT specifier</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="OpenMP-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.15 OpenMP</h4>
<a name="index-OpenMP-1"></a>

<p>OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) is an application programming
interface (API) that supports multi-platform shared memory 
multiprocessing programming in C/C++ and Fortran on many 
architectures, including Unix and Microsoft Windows platforms.
It consists of a set of compiler directives, library routines,
and environment variables that influence run-time behavior.
</p>
<p>GNU Fortran strives to be compatible to the 
<a href="http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/spec25.pdf">OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5</a>.
</p>
<p>To enable the processing of the OpenMP directive <code>!$omp</code> in
free-form source code; the <code>c$omp</code>, <code>*$omp</code> and <code>!$omp</code>
directives in fixed form; the <code>!$</code> conditional compilation sentinels
in free form; and the <code>c$</code>, <code>*$</code> and <code>!$</code> sentinels
in fixed form, <code>gfortran</code> needs to be invoked with the
<samp>-fopenmp</samp>. This also arranges for automatic linking of the
GNU OpenMP runtime library <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libgomp/index.html#Top">libgomp</a> in <cite>GNU OpenMP
runtime library</cite>.
</p>
<p>The OpenMP Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a
form of a Fortran 90 module named <code>omp_lib</code> and in a form of
a Fortran <code>include</code> file named <samp>omp_lib.h</samp>.
</p>
<p>An example of a parallelized loop taken from Appendix A.1 of
the OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">SUBROUTINE A1(N, A, B)
  INTEGER I, N
  REAL B(N), A(N)
!$OMP PARALLEL DO !I is private by default
  DO I=2,N
    B(I) = (A(I) + A(I-1)) / 2.0
  ENDDO
!$OMP END PARALLEL DO
END SUBROUTINE A1
</pre></div>

<p>Please note:
</p><ul>
<li> <samp>-fopenmp</samp> implies <samp>-frecursive</samp>, i.e., all local arrays
will be allocated on the stack. When porting existing code to OpenMP,
this may lead to surprising results, especially to segmentation faults
if the stacksize is limited.

</li><li> On glibc-based systems, OpenMP enabled applications can not be statically
linked due to limitations of the underlying pthreads-implementation. It
might be possible to get a working solution if 
<code>-Wl,--whole-archive -lpthread -Wl,--no-whole-archive</code> is added
to the command line. However, this is not supported by <code>gcc</code> and
thus not recommended.
</li></ul>

<hr>
<a name="Argument-list-functions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#OpenMP" accesskey="p" rel="prev">OpenMP</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Argument-list-functions-_0025VAL_002c-_0025REF-and-_0025LOC"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.16 Argument list functions <code>%VAL</code>, <code>%REF</code> and <code>%LOC</code></h4>
<a name="index-argument-list-functions"></a>
<a name="index-_0025VAL"></a>
<a name="index-_0025REF"></a>
<a name="index-_0025LOC"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran supports argument list functions <code>%VAL</code>, <code>%REF</code> 
and <code>%LOC</code> statements, for backward compatibility with g77. 
It is recommended that these should be used only for code that is 
accessing facilities outside of GNU Fortran, such as operating system 
or windowing facilities. It is best to constrain such uses to isolated 
portions of a program&ndash;portions that deal specifically and exclusively 
with low-level, system-dependent facilities. Such portions might well 
provide a portable interface for use by the program as a whole, but are 
themselves not portable, and should be thoroughly tested each time they 
are rebuilt using a new compiler or version of a compiler.
</p>
<p><code>%VAL</code> passes a scalar argument by value, <code>%REF</code> passes it by 
reference and <code>%LOC</code> passes its memory location.  Since gfortran 
already passes scalar arguments by reference, <code>%REF</code> is in effect 
a do-nothing.  <code>%LOC</code> has the same effect as a fortran pointer.
</p>
<p>An example of passing an argument by value to a C subroutine foo.:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">C
C prototype      void foo_ (float x);
C
      external foo
      real*4 x
      x = 3.14159
      call foo (%VAL (x))
      end
</pre></div>

<p>For details refer to the g77 manual
<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.6/g77/index.html#Top">http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.6/g77/index.html#Top</a>.
</p>
<p>Also, the gfortran testsuite c_by_val.f and its partner c_by_val.c are
worth a look.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.2 Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</h3>
<a name="index-extensions_002c-not-implemented"></a>

<p>The long history of the Fortran language, its wide use and broad
userbase, the large number of different compiler vendors and the lack of
some features crucial to users in the first standards have lead to the
existence of a number of important extensions to the language.  While
some of the most useful or popular extensions are supported by the GNU
Fortran compiler, not all existing extensions are supported.  This section
aims at listing these extensions and offering advice on how best make
code that uses them running with the GNU Fortran compiler.
</p>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#STRUCTURE-and-RECORD" accesskey="1">STRUCTURE and RECORD</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements" accesskey="2">ENCODE and DECODE statements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>


<hr>
<a name="STRUCTURE-and-RECORD"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements" accesskey="n" rel="next">ENCODE and DECODE statements</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="STRUCTURE-and-RECORD-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.2.1 <code>STRUCTURE</code> and <code>RECORD</code></h4>
<a name="index-STRUCTURE"></a>
<a name="index-RECORD"></a>

<p>Structures are user-defined aggregate data types; this functionality was
standardized in Fortran 90 with an different syntax, under the name of
&ldquo;derived types&rdquo;. Here is an example of code using the non portable
structure syntax:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">! Declaring a structure named ``item'' and containing three fields:
! an integer ID, an description string and a floating-point price.
STRUCTURE /item/
  INTEGER id
  CHARACTER(LEN=200) description
  REAL price
END STRUCTURE

! Define two variables, an single record of type ``item''
! named ``pear'', and an array of items named ``store_catalog''
RECORD /item/ pear, store_catalog(100)

! We can directly access the fields of both variables
pear.id = 92316
pear.description = &quot;juicy D'Anjou pear&quot;
pear.price = 0.15
store_catalog(7).id = 7831
store_catalog(7).description = &quot;milk bottle&quot;
store_catalog(7).price = 1.2

! We can also manipulate the whole structure
store_catalog(12) = pear
print *, store_catalog(12)
</pre></div>

<p>This code can easily be rewritten in the Fortran 90 syntax as following:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">! ``STRUCTURE /name/ ... END STRUCTURE'' becomes
! ``TYPE name ... END TYPE''
TYPE item
  INTEGER id
  CHARACTER(LEN=200) description
  REAL price
END TYPE

! ``RECORD /name/ variable'' becomes ``TYPE(name) variable''
TYPE(item) pear, store_catalog(100)

! Instead of using a dot (.) to access fields of a record, the
! standard syntax uses a percent sign (%)
pear%id = 92316
pear%description = &quot;juicy D'Anjou pear&quot;
pear%price = 0.15
store_catalog(7)%id = 7831
store_catalog(7)%description = &quot;milk bottle&quot;
store_catalog(7)%price = 1.2

! Assignments of a whole variable don't change
store_catalog(12) = pear
print *, store_catalog(12)
</pre></div>




<hr>
<a name="ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#STRUCTURE-and-RECORD" accesskey="p" rel="prev">STRUCTURE and RECORD</a>, Up: <a href="#Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" accesskey="u" rel="up">Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.2.2 <code>ENCODE</code> and <code>DECODE</code> statements</h4>
<a name="index-ENCODE"></a>
<a name="index-DECODE"></a>

<p>GNU Fortran doesn&rsquo;t support the <code>ENCODE</code> and <code>DECODE</code>
statements.  These statements are best replaced by <code>READ</code> and
<code>WRITE</code> statements involving internal files (<code>CHARACTER</code>
variables and arrays), which have been part of the Fortran standard since
Fortran 77. For example, replace a code fragment like
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      INTEGER*1 LINE(80)
      REAL A, B, C
c     ... Code that sets LINE
      DECODE (80, 9000, LINE) A, B, C
 9000 FORMAT (1X, 3(F10.5))
</pre></div>

<p>with the following:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      CHARACTER(LEN=80) LINE
      REAL A, B, C
c     ... Code that sets LINE
      READ (UNIT=LINE, FMT=9000) A, B, C
 9000 FORMAT (1X, 3(F10.5))
</pre></div>

<p>Similarly, replace a code fragment like
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      INTEGER*1 LINE(80)
      REAL A, B, C
c     ... Code that sets A, B and C
      ENCODE (80, 9000, LINE) A, B, C
 9000 FORMAT (1X, 'OUTPUT IS ', 3(F10.5))
</pre></div>

<p>with the following:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">      INTEGER*1 LINE(80)
      REAL A, B, C
c     ... Code that sets A, B and C
      WRITE (UNIT=LINE, FMT=9000) A, B, C
 9000 FORMAT (1X, 'OUTPUT IS ', 3(F10.5))
</pre></div>






<hr>
<a name="Intrinsic-Procedures"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Intrinsic-Modules" accesskey="n" rel="next">Intrinsic Modules</a>, Previous: <a href="#Extensions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Extensions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Intrinsic-Procedures-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">7 Intrinsic Procedures</h2>
<a name="index-intrinsic-procedures"></a>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction-to-Intrinsics" accesskey="1">Introduction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ABORT" accesskey="2"><code>ABORT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Abort the program     
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ABS" accesskey="3"><code>ABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Absolute value     
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ACCESS" accesskey="4"><code>ACCESS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Checks file access modes
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ACHAR" accesskey="5"><code>ACHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Character in <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ACOS" accesskey="6"><code>ACOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Arccosine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ACOSH" accesskey="7"><code>ACOSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Hyperbolic arccosine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ADJUSTL" accesskey="8"><code>ADJUSTL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Left adjust a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ADJUSTR" accesskey="9"><code>ADJUSTR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Right adjust a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#AIMAG"><code>AIMAG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Imaginary part of complex number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#AINT"><code>AINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Truncate to a whole number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ALARM"><code>ALARM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Set an alarm clock
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ALL"><code>ALL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine if all values are true
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ALLOCATED"><code>ALLOCATED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Status of allocatable entity
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#AND"><code>AND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bitwise logical AND
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ANINT"><code>ANINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Nearest whole number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ANY"><code>ANY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine if any values are true
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ASIN"><code>ASIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Arcsine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ASINH"><code>ASINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Hyperbolic arcsine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ASSOCIATED"><code>ASSOCIATED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ATAN"><code>ATAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Arctangent function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ATAN2"><code>ATAN2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Arctangent function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ATANH"><code>ATANH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Hyperbolic arctangent function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0"><code>BESSEL_J0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bessel function of the first kind of order 0
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1"><code>BESSEL_J1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bessel function of the first kind of order 1
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BESSEL_005fJN"><code>BESSEL_JN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bessel function of the first kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BESSEL_005fY0"><code>BESSEL_Y0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bessel function of the second kind of order 0
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BESSEL_005fY1"><code>BESSEL_Y1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bessel function of the second kind of order 1
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BESSEL_005fYN"><code>BESSEL_YN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bessel function of the second kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BIT_005fSIZE"><code>BIT_SIZE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bit size inquiry function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#BTEST"><code>BTEST</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bit test function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED"><code>C_ASSOCIATED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Status of a C pointer
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER"><code>C_F_POINTER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert C into Fortran pointer
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER"><code>C_F_PROCPOINTER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#C_005fFUNLOC"><code>C_FUNLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Obtain the C address of a procedure
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#C_005fLOC"><code>C_LOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Obtain the C address of an object
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#C_005fSIZEOF"><code>C_SIZEOF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Size in bytes of an expression
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CEILING"><code>CEILING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Integer ceiling function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CHAR"><code>CHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Integer-to-character conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CHDIR"><code>CHDIR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Change working directory
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CHMOD"><code>CHMOD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Change access permissions of files
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CMPLX"><code>CMPLX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Complex conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT"><code>COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get number of command line arguments
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#COMPLEX"><code>COMPLEX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Complex conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CONJG"><code>CONJG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Complex conjugate function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#COS"><code>COS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Cosine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#COSH"><code>COSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Hyperbolic cosine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#COUNT"><code>COUNT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Count occurrences of TRUE in an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CPU_005fTIME"><code>CPU_TIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">CPU time subroutine
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CSHIFT"><code>CSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Circular shift elements of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#CTIME"><code>CTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Subroutine (or function) to convert a time into a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME"><code>DATE_AND_TIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Date and time subroutine
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DBLE"><code>DBLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double precision conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DCMPLX"><code>DCMPLX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double complex conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DFLOAT"><code>DFLOAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double precision conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DIGITS"><code>DIGITS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Significant digits function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DIM"><code>DIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Positive difference
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT"><code>DOT_PRODUCT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Dot product function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DPROD"><code>DPROD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double product function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DREAL"><code>DREAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double real part function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#DTIME"><code>DTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Execution time subroutine (or function)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EOSHIFT"><code>EOSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">End-off shift elements of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EPSILON"><code>EPSILON</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Epsilon function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ERF"><code>ERF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Error function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ERFC"><code>ERFC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Complementary error function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ERFC_005fSCALED"><code>ERFC_SCALED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Exponentially-scaled complementary error function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ETIME"><code>ETIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Execution time subroutine (or function)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EXIT"><code>EXIT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Exit the program with status.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EXP"><code>EXP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Exponential function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EXPONENT"><code>EXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Exponent function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FDATE"><code>FDATE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Subroutine (or function) to get the current time as a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FGET"><code>FGET</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Read a single character in stream mode from stdin
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FGETC"><code>FGETC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Read a single character in stream mode
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FLOAT"><code>FLOAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert integer to default real
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FLOOR"><code>FLOOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Integer floor function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FLUSH"><code>FLUSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Flush I/O unit(s)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FNUM"><code>FNUM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">File number function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FPUT"><code>FPUT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Write a single character in stream mode to stdout
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FPUTC"><code>FPUTC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Write a single character in stream mode
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FRACTION"><code>FRACTION</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Fractional part of the model representation
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FREE"><code>FREE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Memory de-allocation subroutine
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FSEEK"><code>FSEEK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Low level file positioning subroutine
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FSTAT"><code>FSTAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get file status
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#FTELL"><code>FTELL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Current stream position
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GAMMA"><code>GAMMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Gamma function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GERROR"><code>GERROR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get last system error message
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETARG"><code>GETARG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get command line arguments
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND"><code>GET_COMMAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get the entire command line
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT"><code>GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get command line arguments
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETCWD"><code>GETCWD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get current working directory
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETENV"><code>GETENV</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get an environmental variable
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE"><code>GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get an environmental variable
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETGID"><code>GETGID</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Group ID function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETLOG"><code>GETLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get login name
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETPID"><code>GETPID</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Process ID function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GETUID"><code>GETUID</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">User ID function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GMTIME"><code>GMTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert time to GMT info
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#HOSTNM"><code>HOSTNM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get system host name
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#HUGE"><code>HUGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Largest number of a kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#HYPOT"><code>HYPOT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Euclidian distance function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IACHAR"><code>IACHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Code in <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IAND"><code>IAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bitwise logical and
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IARGC"><code>IARGC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get the number of command line arguments
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IBCLR"><code>IBCLR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Clear bit
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IBITS"><code>IBITS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bit extraction
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IBSET"><code>IBSET</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Set bit
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ICHAR"><code>ICHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Character-to-integer conversion function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IDATE"><code>IDATE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Current local time (day/month/year)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IEOR"><code>IEOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bitwise logical exclusive or
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IERRNO"><code>IERRNO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Function to get the last system error number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#INDEX-intrinsic"><code>INDEX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Position of a substring within a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#INT"><code>INT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to integer type
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#INT2"><code>INT2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to 16-bit integer type
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#INT8"><code>INT8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to 64-bit integer type
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IOR"><code>IOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bitwise logical or
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IRAND"><code>IRAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Integer pseudo-random number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND"><code>IS_IOSTAT_END</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Test for end-of-file value
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR"><code>IS_IOSTAT_EOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Test for end-of-record value
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ISATTY"><code>ISATTY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Whether a unit is a terminal device
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ISHFT"><code>ISHFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Shift bits
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ISHFTC"><code>ISHFTC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Shift bits circularly
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ISNAN"><code>ISNAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Tests for a NaN
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ITIME"><code>ITIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Current local time (hour/minutes/seconds)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#KILL"><code>KILL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Send a signal to a process
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#KIND"><code>KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Kind of an entity
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LBOUND"><code>LBOUND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lower dimension bounds of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LEADZ"><code>LEADZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Number of leading zero bits of an integer
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LEN"><code>LEN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Length of a character entity
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LEN_005fTRIM"><code>LEN_TRIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA"><code>LOG_GAMMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Logarithm of the Gamma function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LGE"><code>LGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lexical greater than or equal
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LGT"><code>LGT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lexical greater than
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LINK"><code>LINK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Create a hard link
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LLE"><code>LLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lexical less than or equal
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LLT"><code>LLT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lexical less than
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LNBLNK"><code>LNBLNK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Index of the last non-blank character in a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LOC"><code>LOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Returns the address of a variable
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LOG"><code>LOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Logarithm function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LOG10"><code>LOG10</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Base 10 logarithm function 
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LOGICAL"><code>LOGICAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to logical type
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LONG"><code>LONG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to integer type
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LSHIFT"><code>LSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Left shift bits
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LSTAT"><code>LSTAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get file status
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LTIME"><code>LTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert time to local time info
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MALLOC"><code>MALLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Dynamic memory allocation function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MATMUL"><code>MATMUL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">matrix multiplication
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MAX"><code>MAX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Maximum value of an argument list
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MAXEXPONENT"><code>MAXEXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Maximum exponent of a real kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MAXLOC"><code>MAXLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Location of the maximum value within an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MAXVAL"><code>MAXVAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Maximum value of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MCLOCK"><code>MCLOCK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Time function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MCLOCK8"><code>MCLOCK8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Time function (64-bit)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MERGE"><code>MERGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Merge arrays
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MIN"><code>MIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimum value of an argument list
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MINEXPONENT"><code>MINEXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimum exponent of a real kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MINLOC"><code>MINLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Location of the minimum value within an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MINVAL"><code>MINVAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimum value of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MOD"><code>MOD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Remainder function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MODULO"><code>MODULO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Modulo function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MOVE_005fALLOC"><code>MOVE_ALLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Move allocation from one object to another
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#MVBITS"><code>MVBITS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Move bits from one integer to another
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#NEAREST"><code>NEAREST</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Nearest representable number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#NEW_005fLINE"><code>NEW_LINE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">New line character
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#NINT"><code>NINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Nearest whole number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#NOT"><code>NOT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Logical negation
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#NULL"><code>NULL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Function that returns an disassociated pointer
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#OR"><code>OR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bitwise logical OR
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PACK"><code>PACK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Pack an array into an array of rank one
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PERROR"><code>PERROR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Print system error message
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PRECISION"><code>PRECISION</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Decimal precision of a real kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PRESENT"><code>PRESENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PRODUCT"><code>PRODUCT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Product of array elements
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RADIX"><code>RADIX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Base of a data model
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER"><code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Pseudo-random number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED"><code>RANDOM_SEED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RAND"><code>RAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Real pseudo-random number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RANGE"><code>RANGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Decimal exponent range
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RAN"><code>RAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Real pseudo-random number
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#REAL"><code>REAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to real type 
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RENAME"><code>RENAME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Rename a file
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#REPEAT"><code>REPEAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Repeated string concatenation
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RESHAPE"><code>RESHAPE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Function to reshape an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RRSPACING"><code>RRSPACING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reciprocal of the relative spacing
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#RSHIFT"><code>RSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Right shift bits
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SCALE"><code>SCALE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Scale a real value
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SCAN"><code>SCAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SECNDS"><code>SECNDS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Time function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SECOND"><code>SECOND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">CPU time function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND"><code>SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Choose character kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND"><code>SELECTED_INT_KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Choose integer kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND"><code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Choose real kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SET_005fEXPONENT"><code>SET_EXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Set the exponent of the model
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SHAPE"><code>SHAPE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine the shape of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SIGN"><code>SIGN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Sign copying function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SIGNAL"><code>SIGNAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Signal handling subroutine (or function)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SIN"><code>SIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Sine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SINH"><code>SINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Hyperbolic sine function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SIZE"><code>SIZE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Function to determine the size of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SIZEOF"><code>SIZEOF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine the size in bytes of an expression
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SLEEP"><code>SLEEP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Sleep for the specified number of seconds
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SNGL"><code>SNGL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert double precision real to default real
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SPACING"><code>SPACING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SPREAD"><code>SPREAD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Add a dimension to an array 
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SQRT"><code>SQRT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Square-root function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SRAND"><code>SRAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reinitialize the random number generator
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#STAT"><code>STAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get file status
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SUM"><code>SUM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Sum of array elements
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SYMLNK"><code>SYMLNK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Create a symbolic link
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SYSTEM"><code>SYSTEM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Execute a shell command
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK"><code>SYSTEM_CLOCK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Time function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TAN"><code>TAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Tangent function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TANH"><code>TANH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Hyperbolic tangent function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TIME"><code>TIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Time function
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TIME8"><code>TIME8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Time function (64-bit)
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TINY"><code>TINY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Smallest positive number of a real kind
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TRAILZ"><code>TRAILZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Number of trailing zero bits of an integer
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TRANSFER"><code>TRANSFER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Transfer bit patterns
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TRANSPOSE"><code>TRANSPOSE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Transpose an array of rank two
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TRIM"><code>TRIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Remove trailing blank characters of a string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TTYNAM"><code>TTYNAM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get the name of a terminal device.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#UBOUND"><code>UBOUND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Upper dimension bounds of an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#UMASK"><code>UMASK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Set the file creation mask
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#UNLINK"><code>UNLINK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Remove a file from the file system
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#UNPACK"><code>UNPACK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Unpack an array of rank one into an array
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#VERIFY"><code>VERIFY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#XOR"><code>XOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bitwise logical exclusive or
</td></tr>
</table>

<hr>
<a name="Introduction-to-Intrinsics"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ABORT" accesskey="n" rel="next">ABORT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Introduction-to-intrinsic-procedures"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.1 Introduction to intrinsic procedures</h3>

<p>The intrinsic procedures provided by GNU Fortran include all of the
intrinsic procedures required by the Fortran 95 standard, a set of
intrinsic procedures for backwards compatibility with G77, and a
selection of intrinsic procedures from the Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008
standards.  Any conflict between a description here and a description in
either the Fortran 95 standard, the Fortran 2003 standard or the Fortran
2008 standard is unintentional, and the standard(s) should be considered
authoritative.
</p>
<p>The enumeration of the <code>KIND</code> type parameter is processor defined in
the Fortran 95 standard.  GNU Fortran defines the default integer type and
default real type by <code>INTEGER(KIND=4)</code> and <code>REAL(KIND=4)</code>,
respectively.  The standard mandates that both data types shall have
another kind, which have more precision.  On typical target architectures
supported by <code>gfortran</code>, this kind type parameter is <code>KIND=8</code>.
Hence, <code>REAL(KIND=8)</code> and <code>DOUBLE PRECISION</code> are equivalent.
In the description of generic intrinsic procedures, the kind type parameter
will be specified by <code>KIND=*</code>, and in the description of specific
names for an intrinsic procedure the kind type parameter will be explicitly
given (e.g., <code>REAL(KIND=4)</code> or <code>REAL(KIND=8)</code>).  Finally, for
brevity the optional <code>KIND=</code> syntax will be omitted.
</p>
<p>Many of the intrinsic procedures take one or more optional arguments.
This document follows the convention used in the Fortran 95 standard,
and denotes such arguments by square brackets.
</p>
<p>GNU Fortran offers the <samp>-std=f95</samp> and <samp>-std=gnu</samp> options,
which can be used to restrict the set of intrinsic procedures to a 
given standard.  By default, <code>gfortran</code> sets the <samp>-std=gnu</samp>
option, and so all intrinsic procedures described here are accepted.  There
is one caveat.  For a select group of intrinsic procedures, <code>g77</code>
implemented both a function and a subroutine.  Both classes 
have been implemented in <code>gfortran</code> for backwards compatibility
with <code>g77</code>.  It is noted here that these functions and subroutines
cannot be intermixed in a given subprogram.  In the descriptions that follow,
the applicable standard for each intrinsic procedure is noted.
</p>


<hr>
<a name="ABORT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ABS" accesskey="n" rel="next">ABS</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction-to-Intrinsics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction to Intrinsics</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ABORT-_002d_002d_002d-Abort-the-program"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.2 <code>ABORT</code> &mdash; Abort the program</h3>
<a name="index-ABORT"></a>
<a name="index-program-termination_002c-with-core-dump"></a>
<a name="index-terminate-program_002c-with-core-dump"></a>
<a name="index-core_002c-dump-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ABORT</code> causes immediate termination of the program.  On operating
systems that support a core dump, <code>ABORT</code> will produce a core dump even if
the option <samp>-fno-dump-core</samp> is in effect, which is suitable for debugging
purposes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL ABORT</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Does not return.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_abort
  integer :: i = 1, j = 2
  if (i /= j) call abort
end program test_abort
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#EXIT">EXIT</a>, <a href="#KILL">KILL</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ABS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ACCESS" accesskey="n" rel="next">ACCESS</a>, Previous: <a href="#ABORT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ABORT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ABS-_002d_002d_002d-Absolute-value"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.3 <code>ABS</code> &mdash; Absolute value</h3>
<a name="index-ABS"></a>
<a name="index-CABS"></a>
<a name="index-DABS"></a>
<a name="index-IABS"></a>
<a name="index-ZABS"></a>
<a name="index-CDABS"></a>
<a name="index-absolute-value"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ABS(A)</code> computes the absolute value of <code>A</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ABS(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be an <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and
kind as the argument except the return value is <code>REAL</code> for a
<code>COMPLEX</code> argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_abs
  integer :: i = -1
  real :: x = -1.e0
  complex :: z = (-1.e0,0.e0)
  i = abs(i)
  x = abs(x)
  x = abs(z)
end program test_abs
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CABS(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4) Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DABS(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)    X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>IABS(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4) I</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ZABS(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CDABS(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ACCESS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ACHAR" accesskey="n" rel="next">ACHAR</a>, Previous: <a href="#ABS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ABS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ACCESS-_002d_002d_002d-Checks-file-access-modes"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.4 <code>ACCESS</code> &mdash; Checks file access modes</h3>
<a name="index-ACCESS"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-access-mode"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ACCESS(NAME, MODE)</code> checks whether the file <var>NAME</var> 
exists, is readable, writable or executable. Except for the
executable check, <code>ACCESS</code> can be replaced by
Fortran 95&rsquo;s <code>INQUIRE</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ACCESS(NAME, MODE)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Scalar <code>CHARACTER</code> of default kind with the
file name. Tailing blank are ignored unless the character <code>achar(0)</code>
is present, then all characters up to and excluding <code>achar(0)</code> are
used as file name.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MODE</var></td><td width="70%">Scalar <code>CHARACTER</code> of default kind with the
file access mode, may be any concatenation of <code>&quot;r&quot;</code> (readable),
<code>&quot;w&quot;</code> (writable) and <code>&quot;x&quot;</code> (executable), or <code>&quot; &quot;</code> to check
for existence.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>, which is <code>0</code> if the file is
accessible in the given mode; otherwise or if an invalid argument
has been given for <code>MODE</code> the value <code>1</code> is returned.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program access_test
  implicit none
  character(len=*), parameter :: file  = 'test.dat'
  character(len=*), parameter :: file2 = 'test.dat  '//achar(0)
  if(access(file,' ') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is exists'
  if(access(file,'r') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is readable'
  if(access(file,'w') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is writable'
  if(access(file,'x') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is executable'
  if(access(file2,'rwx') == 0) &amp;
    print *, trim(file2),' is readable, writable and executable'
end program access_test
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ACHAR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ACOS" accesskey="n" rel="next">ACOS</a>, Previous: <a href="#ACCESS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ACCESS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ACHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Character-in-ASCII-collating-sequence"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.5 <code>ACHAR</code> &mdash; Character in <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence</h3>
<a name="index-ACHAR"></a>
<a name="index-ASCII-collating-sequence"></a>
<a name="index-collating-sequence_002c-ASCII"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ACHAR(I)</code> returns the character located at position <code>I</code>
in the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ACHAR(I [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>CHARACTER</code> with a length of one.
If the <var>KIND</var> argument is present, the return value is of the
specified kind and of the default kind otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_achar
  character c
  c = achar(32)
end program test_achar
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Note</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a> for a discussion of converting between numerical values
and formatted string representations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CHAR">CHAR</a>, <a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a>, <a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ACOS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ACOSH" accesskey="n" rel="next">ACOSH</a>, Previous: <a href="#ACHAR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ACHAR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ACOS-_002d_002d_002d-Arccosine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.6 <code>ACOS</code> &mdash; Arccosine function</h3>
<a name="index-ACOS"></a>
<a name="index-DACOS"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-cosine_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-cosine_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ACOS(X)</code> computes the arccosine of <var>X</var> (inverse of <code>COS(X)</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ACOS(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> with a magnitude that is
less than or equal to one.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and it lies in the
range <em>0 \leq \acos(x) \leq \pi</em>. The return value if of the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_acos
  real(8) :: x = 0.866_8
  x = acos(x)
end program test_acos
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DACOS(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#COS">COS</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ACOSH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ADJUSTL" accesskey="n" rel="next">ADJUSTL</a>, Previous: <a href="#ACOS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ACOS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ACOSH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-arccosine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.7 <code>ACOSH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic arccosine function</h3>
<a name="index-ACOSH"></a>
<a name="index-DACOSH"></a>
<a name="index-area-hyperbolic-cosine"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-arccosine"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-function_002c-cosine_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-cosine_002c-hyperbolic_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ACOSH(X)</code> computes the hyperbolic arccosine of <var>X</var> (inverse of
<code>COSH(X)</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ACOSH(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value has the same type and kind as <var>X</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_acosh
  REAL(8), DIMENSION(3) :: x = (/ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 /)
  WRITE (*,*) ACOSH(x)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DACOSH(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#COSH">COSH</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ADJUSTL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ADJUSTR" accesskey="n" rel="next">ADJUSTR</a>, Previous: <a href="#ACOSH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ACOSH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ADJUSTL-_002d_002d_002d-Left-adjust-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.8 <code>ADJUSTL</code> &mdash; Left adjust a string</h3>
<a name="index-ADJUSTL"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-adjust-left"></a>
<a name="index-adjust-string"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ADJUSTL(STRING)</code> will left adjust a string by removing leading spaces.
Spaces are inserted at the end of the string as needed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 90 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ADJUSTL(STRING)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>STRING</var> where leading spaces are removed and the same number of
spaces are inserted on the end of <var>STRING</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_adjustl
  character(len=20) :: str = '   gfortran'
  str = adjustl(str)
  print *, str
end program test_adjustl
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a>, <a href="#TRIM">TRIM</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ADJUSTR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#AIMAG" accesskey="n" rel="next">AIMAG</a>, Previous: <a href="#ADJUSTL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ADJUSTL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ADJUSTR-_002d_002d_002d-Right-adjust-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.9 <code>ADJUSTR</code> &mdash; Right adjust a string</h3>
<a name="index-ADJUSTR"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-adjust-right"></a>
<a name="index-adjust-string-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ADJUSTR(STRING)</code> will right adjust a string by removing trailing spaces.
Spaces are inserted at the start of the string as needed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ADJUSTR(STRING)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STR</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>STRING</var> where trailing spaces are removed and the same number of
spaces are inserted at the start of <var>STRING</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_adjustr
  character(len=20) :: str = 'gfortran'
  str = adjustr(str)
  print *, str
end program test_adjustr
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a>, <a href="#TRIM">TRIM</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="AIMAG"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#AINT" accesskey="n" rel="next">AINT</a>, Previous: <a href="#ADJUSTR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ADJUSTR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="AIMAG-_002d_002d_002d-Imaginary-part-of-complex-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.10 <code>AIMAG</code> &mdash; Imaginary part of complex number</h3>
<a name="index-AIMAG"></a>
<a name="index-DIMAG"></a>
<a name="index-IMAG"></a>
<a name="index-IMAGPART"></a>
<a name="index-complex-numbers_002c-imaginary-part"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>AIMAG(Z)</code> yields the imaginary part of complex argument <code>Z</code>.
The <code>IMAG(Z)</code> and <code>IMAGPART(Z)</code> intrinsic functions are provided
for compatibility with <code>g77</code>, and their use in new code is 
strongly discouraged.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = AIMAG(Z)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Z</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> with the
kind type parameter of the argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_aimag
  complex(4) z4
  complex(8) z8
  z4 = cmplx(1.e0_4, 0.e0_4)
  z8 = cmplx(0.e0_8, 1.e0_8)
  print *, aimag(z4), dimag(z8)
end program test_aimag
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DIMAG(Z)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>IMAG(Z)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>IMAGPART(Z)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="AINT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ALARM" accesskey="n" rel="next">ALARM</a>, Previous: <a href="#AIMAG" accesskey="p" rel="prev">AIMAG</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="AINT-_002d_002d_002d-Truncate-to-a-whole-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.11 <code>AINT</code> &mdash; Truncate to a whole number</h3>
<a name="index-AINT"></a>
<a name="index-DINT"></a>
<a name="index-floor"></a>
<a name="index-rounding_002c-floor"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>AINT(A [, KIND])</code> truncates its argument to a whole number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = AINT(A [, KIND])</code> 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> with the kind type parameter of the
argument if the optional <var>KIND</var> is absent; otherwise, the kind
type parameter will be given by <var>KIND</var>.  If the magnitude of 
<var>X</var> is less than one, <code>AINT(X)</code> returns zero.  If the
magnitude is equal to or greater than one then it returns the largest
whole number that does not exceed its magnitude.  The sign is the same
as the sign of <var>X</var>. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_aint
  real(4) x4
  real(8) x8
  x4 = 1.234E0_4
  x8 = 4.321_8
  print *, aint(x4), dint(x8)
  x8 = aint(x4,8)
end program test_aint
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DINT(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ALARM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ALL" accesskey="n" rel="next">ALL</a>, Previous: <a href="#AINT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">AINT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ALARM-_002d_002d_002d-Execute-a-routine-after-a-given-delay"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.12 <code>ALARM</code> &mdash; Execute a routine after a given delay</h3>
<a name="index-ALARM"></a>
<a name="index-delayed-execution"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])</code> causes external subroutine <var>HANDLER</var>
to be executed after a delay of <var>SECONDS</var> by using <code>alarm(2)</code> to
set up a signal and <code>signal(2)</code> to catch it. If <var>STATUS</var> is
supplied, it will be returned with the number of seconds remaining until
any previously scheduled alarm was due to be delivered, or zero if there
was no previously scheduled alarm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SECONDS</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be a scalar
<code>INTEGER</code>. It is <code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>HANDLER</var></td><td width="70%">Signal handler (<code>INTEGER FUNCTION</code> or
<code>SUBROUTINE</code>) or dummy/global <code>INTEGER</code> scalar. The scalar 
values may be either <code>SIG_IGN=1</code> to ignore the alarm generated 
or <code>SIG_DFL=0</code> to set the default action. It is <code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) <var>STATUS</var> shall be a scalar
variable of the default <code>INTEGER</code> kind. It is <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_alarm
  external handler_print
  integer i
  call alarm (3, handler_print, i)
  print *, i
  call sleep(10)
end program test_alarm
</pre></div>
<p>This will cause the external routine <var>handler_print</var> to be called
after 3 seconds.
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ALL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ALLOCATED" accesskey="n" rel="next">ALLOCATED</a>, Previous: <a href="#ALARM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ALARM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ALL-_002d_002d_002d-All-values-in-MASK-along-DIM-are-true"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.13 <code>ALL</code> &mdash; All values in <var>MASK</var> along <var>DIM</var> are true</h3>
<a name="index-ALL"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-apply-condition"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-condition-testing"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ALL(MASK [, DIM])</code> determines if all the values are true in <var>MASK</var>
in the array along dimension <var>DIM</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ALL(MASK [, DIM])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be <code>LOGICAL</code> and
it shall not be scalar.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) <var>DIM</var> shall be a scalar integer
with a value that lies between one and the rank of <var>MASK</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ALL(MASK)</code> returns a scalar value of type <code>LOGICAL</code> where
the kind type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of
<var>MASK</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, then <code>ALL(MASK, DIM)</code> returns
an array with the rank of <var>MASK</var> minus 1.  The shape is determined from
the shape of <var>MASK</var> where the <var>DIM</var> dimension is elided. 
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>(A)</dt>
<dd><p><code>ALL(MASK)</code> is true if all elements of <var>MASK</var> are true.
It also is true if <var>MASK</var> has zero size; otherwise, it is false.
</p></dd>
<dt>(B)</dt>
<dd><p>If the rank of <var>MASK</var> is one, then <code>ALL(MASK,DIM)</code> is equivalent
to <code>ALL(MASK)</code>.  If the rank is greater than one, then <code>ALL(MASK,DIM)</code>
is determined by applying <code>ALL</code> to the array sections.
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_all
  logical l
  l = all((/.true., .true., .true./))
  print *, l
  call section
  contains
    subroutine section
      integer a(2,3), b(2,3)
      a = 1
      b = 1
      b(2,2) = 2
      print *, all(a .eq. b, 1)
      print *, all(a .eq. b, 2)
    end subroutine section
end program test_all
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ALLOCATED"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#AND" accesskey="n" rel="next">AND</a>, Previous: <a href="#ALL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ALL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ALLOCATED-_002d_002d_002d-Status-of-an-allocatable-entity"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.14 <code>ALLOCATED</code> &mdash; Status of an allocatable entity</h3>
<a name="index-ALLOCATED"></a>
<a name="index-allocation_002c-status"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ALLOCATED(ARRAY)</code> checks the status of whether <var>X</var> is allocated.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ALLOCATED(ARRAY)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">The argument shall be an <code>ALLOCATABLE</code> array.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar <code>LOGICAL</code> with the default logical
kind type parameter.  If <var>ARRAY</var> is allocated, <code>ALLOCATED(ARRAY)</code>
is <code>.TRUE.</code>; otherwise, it returns <code>.FALSE.</code> 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_allocated
  integer :: i = 4
  real(4), allocatable :: x(:)
  if (.not. allocated(x)) allocate(x(i))
end program test_allocated
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="AND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ANINT" accesskey="n" rel="next">ANINT</a>, Previous: <a href="#ALLOCATED" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ALLOCATED</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="AND-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-AND"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.15 <code>AND</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical AND</h3>
<a name="index-AND"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-and"></a>
<a name="index-logical-and_002c-bitwise"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Bitwise logical <code>AND</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with 
GNU Fortran 77.  For integer arguments, programmers should consider
the use of the <a href="#IAND">IAND</a> intrinsic defined by the Fortran standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = AND(I, J)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be either a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>
type or a scalar <code>LOGICAL</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>J</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be the same as the type of <var>I</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is either a scalar <code>INTEGER</code> or a scalar
<code>LOGICAL</code>.  If the kind type parameters differ, then the
smaller kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the 
return has the larger kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_and
  LOGICAL :: T = .TRUE., F = .FALSE.
  INTEGER :: a, b
  DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /

  WRITE (*,*) AND(T, T), AND(T, F), AND(F, T), AND(F, F)
  WRITE (*,*) AND(a, b)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 elemental function: <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ANINT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ANY" accesskey="n" rel="next">ANY</a>, Previous: <a href="#AND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">AND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ANINT-_002d_002d_002d-Nearest-whole-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.16 <code>ANINT</code> &mdash; Nearest whole number</h3>
<a name="index-ANINT"></a>
<a name="index-DNINT"></a>
<a name="index-ceiling"></a>
<a name="index-rounding_002c-ceiling"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ANINT(A [, KIND])</code> rounds its argument to the nearest whole number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ANINT(A [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type real with the kind type parameter of the
argument if the optional <var>KIND</var> is absent; otherwise, the kind
type parameter will be given by <var>KIND</var>.  If <var>A</var> is greater than
zero, <code>ANINT(A)</code> returns <code>AINT(X+0.5)</code>.  If <var>A</var> is
less than or equal to zero then it returns <code>AINT(X-0.5)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_anint
  real(4) x4
  real(8) x8
  x4 = 1.234E0_4
  x8 = 4.321_8
  print *, anint(x4), dnint(x8)
  x8 = anint(x4,8)
end program test_anint
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DNINT(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) A</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ANY"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ASIN" accesskey="n" rel="next">ASIN</a>, Previous: <a href="#ANINT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ANINT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ANY-_002d_002d_002d-Any-value-in-MASK-along-DIM-is-true"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.17 <code>ANY</code> &mdash; Any value in <var>MASK</var> along <var>DIM</var> is true</h3>
<a name="index-ANY"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-apply-condition-1"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-condition-testing-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ANY(MASK [, DIM])</code> determines if any of the values in the logical array
<var>MASK</var> along dimension <var>DIM</var> are <code>.TRUE.</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ANY(MASK [, DIM])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be <code>LOGICAL</code> and
it shall not be scalar.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) <var>DIM</var> shall be a scalar integer
with a value that lies between one and the rank of <var>MASK</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ANY(MASK)</code> returns a scalar value of type <code>LOGICAL</code> where
the kind type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of
<var>MASK</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, then <code>ANY(MASK, DIM)</code> returns
an array with the rank of <var>MASK</var> minus 1.  The shape is determined from
the shape of <var>MASK</var> where the <var>DIM</var> dimension is elided. 
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>(A)</dt>
<dd><p><code>ANY(MASK)</code> is true if any element of <var>MASK</var> is true;
otherwise, it is false.  It also is false if <var>MASK</var> has zero size.
</p></dd>
<dt>(B)</dt>
<dd><p>If the rank of <var>MASK</var> is one, then <code>ANY(MASK,DIM)</code> is equivalent
to <code>ANY(MASK)</code>.  If the rank is greater than one, then <code>ANY(MASK,DIM)</code>
is determined by applying <code>ANY</code> to the array sections.
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_any
  logical l
  l = any((/.true., .true., .true./))
  print *, l
  call section
  contains
    subroutine section
      integer a(2,3), b(2,3)
      a = 1
      b = 1
      b(2,2) = 2
      print *, any(a .eq. b, 1)
      print *, any(a .eq. b, 2)
    end subroutine section
end program test_any
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ASIN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ASINH" accesskey="n" rel="next">ASINH</a>, Previous: <a href="#ANY" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ANY</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ASIN-_002d_002d_002d-Arcsine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.18 <code>ASIN</code> &mdash; Arcsine function</h3>
<a name="index-ASIN"></a>
<a name="index-DASIN"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-sine_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-sine_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ASIN(X)</code> computes the arcsine of its <var>X</var> (inverse of <code>SIN(X)</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ASIN(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>, and a magnitude that is
less than or equal to one.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and it lies in the
range <em>-\pi / 2 \leq \asin (x) \leq \pi / 2</em>.  The kind type
parameter is the same as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_asin
  real(8) :: x = 0.866_8
  x = asin(x)
end program test_asin
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DASIN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#SIN">SIN</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ASINH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ASSOCIATED" accesskey="n" rel="next">ASSOCIATED</a>, Previous: <a href="#ASIN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ASIN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ASINH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-arcsine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.19 <code>ASINH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic arcsine function</h3>
<a name="index-ASINH"></a>
<a name="index-DASINH"></a>
<a name="index-area-hyperbolic-sine"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-arcsine"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-function_002c-sine_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-sine_002c-hyperbolic_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ASINH(X)</code> computes the hyperbolic arcsine of <var>X</var> (inverse of <code>SINH(X)</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ASINH(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as  <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_asinh
  REAL(8), DIMENSION(3) :: x = (/ -1.0, 0.0, 1.0 /)
  WRITE (*,*) ASINH(x)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DASINH(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#SINH">SINH</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ASSOCIATED"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ATAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">ATAN</a>, Previous: <a href="#ASINH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ASINH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ASSOCIATED-_002d_002d_002d-Status-of-a-pointer-or-pointer_002ftarget-pair"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.20 <code>ASSOCIATED</code> &mdash; Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair</h3>
<a name="index-ASSOCIATED"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-status"></a>
<a name="index-association-status"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])</code> determines the status of the pointer
<var>POINTER</var> or if <var>POINTER</var> is associated with the target <var>TARGET</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>POINTER</var></td><td width="70%"><var>POINTER</var> shall have the <code>POINTER</code> attribute
and it can be of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TARGET</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) <var>TARGET</var> shall be a pointer or
a target.  It must have the same type, kind type parameter, and
array rank as <var>POINTER</var>.</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The association status of neither <var>POINTER</var> nor <var>TARGET</var> shall be
undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ASSOCIATED(POINTER)</code> returns a scalar value of type <code>LOGICAL(4)</code>.
There are several cases:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>(A) When the optional <var>TARGET</var> is not present then</dt>
<dd><p><code>ASSOCIATED(POINTER)</code> is true if <var>POINTER</var> is associated with a target; otherwise, it returns false.
</p></dd>
<dt>(B) If <var>TARGET</var> is present and a scalar target, the result is true if</dt>
<dd><p><var>TARGET</var> is not a zero-sized storage sequence and the target associated with <var>POINTER</var> occupies the same storage units.  If <var>POINTER</var> is
disassociated, the result is false.
</p></dd>
<dt>(C) If <var>TARGET</var> is present and an array target, the result is true if</dt>
<dd><p><var>TARGET</var> and <var>POINTER</var> have the same shape, are not zero-sized arrays,
are arrays whose elements are not zero-sized storage sequences, and
<var>TARGET</var> and <var>POINTER</var> occupy the same storage units in array element
order.
As in case(B), the result is false, if <var>POINTER</var> is disassociated.
</p></dd>
<dt>(D) If <var>TARGET</var> is present and an scalar pointer, the result is true</dt>
<dd><p>if <var>TARGET</var> is associated with <var>POINTER</var>, the target associated with
<var>TARGET</var> are not zero-sized storage sequences and occupy the same storage
units.
The result is false, if either <var>TARGET</var> or <var>POINTER</var> is disassociated.
</p></dd>
<dt>(E) If <var>TARGET</var> is present and an array pointer, the result is true if</dt>
<dd><p>target associated with <var>POINTER</var> and the target associated with <var>TARGET</var>
have the same shape, are not zero-sized arrays, are arrays whose elements are
not zero-sized storage sequences, and <var>TARGET</var> and <var>POINTER</var> occupy
the same storage units in array element order.
The result is false, if either <var>TARGET</var> or <var>POINTER</var> is disassociated.
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_associated
   implicit none
   real, target  :: tgt(2) = (/1., 2./)
   real, pointer :: ptr(:)
   ptr =&gt; tgt
   if (associated(ptr)     .eqv. .false.) call abort
   if (associated(ptr,tgt) .eqv. .false.) call abort
end program test_associated
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#NULL">NULL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ATAN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ATAN2" accesskey="n" rel="next">ATAN2</a>, Previous: <a href="#ASSOCIATED" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ASSOCIATED</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ATAN-_002d_002d_002d-Arctangent-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.21 <code>ATAN</code> &mdash; Arctangent function</h3>
<a name="index-ATAN"></a>
<a name="index-DATAN"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-tangent_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-tangent_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ATAN(X)</code> computes the arctangent of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ATAN(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and it lies in the
range <em>- \pi / 2 \leq \atan (x) \leq \pi / 2</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_atan
  real(8) :: x = 2.866_8
  x = atan(x)
end program test_atan
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DATAN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#TAN">TAN</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ATAN2"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ATANH" accesskey="n" rel="next">ATANH</a>, Previous: <a href="#ATAN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ATAN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ATAN2-_002d_002d_002d-Arctangent-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.22 <code>ATAN2</code> &mdash; Arctangent function</h3>
<a name="index-ATAN2"></a>
<a name="index-DATAN2"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-tangent_002c-inverse-1"></a>
<a name="index-tangent_002c-inverse-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ATAN2(Y, X)</code> computes the arctangent of the complex number
<em>X + i Y</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ATAN2(Y, X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type and kind type parameter shall be the same as <var>Y</var>.
If <var>Y</var> is zero, then <var>X</var> must be nonzero.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as <var>Y</var>.
It is the principal value of the complex number <em>X + i Y</em>.  If
<var>X</var> is nonzero, then it lies in the range <em>-\pi \le \atan (x) \leq \pi</em>.
The sign is positive if <var>Y</var> is positive.  If <var>Y</var> is zero, then
the return value is zero if <var>X</var> is positive and <em>\pi</em> if <var>X</var>
is negative.  Finally, if <var>X</var> is zero, then the magnitude of the result
is <em>\pi/2</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_atan2
  real(4) :: x = 1.e0_4, y = 0.5e0_4
  x = atan2(y,x)
end program test_atan2
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DATAN2(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ATANH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0" accesskey="n" rel="next">BESSEL_J0</a>, Previous: <a href="#ATAN2" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ATAN2</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ATANH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-arctangent-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.23 <code>ATANH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic arctangent function</h3>
<a name="index-ASINH-1"></a>
<a name="index-DASINH-1"></a>
<a name="index-area-hyperbolic-tangent"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-arctangent"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-function_002c-tangent_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-tangent_002c-hyperbolic_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ATANH(X)</code> computes the hyperbolic arctangent of <var>X</var> (inverse
of <code>TANH(X)</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ATANH(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value has same type and kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_atanh
  REAL, DIMENSION(3) :: x = (/ -1.0, 0.0, 1.0 /)
  WRITE (*,*) ATANH(x)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DATANH(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#TANH">TANH</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BESSEL_005fJ0"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1" accesskey="n" rel="next">BESSEL_J1</a>, Previous: <a href="#ATANH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ATANH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BESSEL_005fJ0-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-first-kind-of-order-0"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.24 <code>BESSEL_J0</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the first kind of order 0</h3>
<a name="index-BESSEL_005fJ0"></a>
<a name="index-BESJ0"></a>
<a name="index-DBESJ0"></a>
<a name="index-Bessel-function_002c-first-kind"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BESSEL_J0(X)</code> computes the Bessel function of the first kind of
order 0 of <var>X</var>. This function is available under the name
<code>BESJ0</code> as a GNU extension.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BESSEL_J0(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>, and it shall be scalar.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and lies in the
range <em>- 0.4027... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 1</em>. It has the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_besj0
  real(8) :: x = 0.0_8
  x = bessel_j0(x)
end program test_besj0
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DBESJ0(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BESSEL_005fJ1"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BESSEL_005fJN" accesskey="n" rel="next">BESSEL_JN</a>, Previous: <a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BESSEL_J0</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BESSEL_005fJ1-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-first-kind-of-order-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.25 <code>BESSEL_J1</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the first kind of order 1</h3>
<a name="index-BESSEL_005fJ1"></a>
<a name="index-BESJ1"></a>
<a name="index-DBESJ1"></a>
<a name="index-Bessel-function_002c-first-kind-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BESSEL_J1(X)</code> computes the Bessel function of the first kind of
order 1 of <var>X</var>. This function is available under the name
<code>BESJ1</code> as a GNU extension.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BESSEL_J1(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>, and it shall be scalar.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and it lies in the
range <em>- 0.5818... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 0.5818 </em>. It has the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_besj1
  real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
  x = bessel_j1(x)
end program test_besj1
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DBESJ1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BESSEL_005fJN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BESSEL_005fY0" accesskey="n" rel="next">BESSEL_Y0</a>, Previous: <a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BESSEL_J1</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BESSEL_005fJN-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-first-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.26 <code>BESSEL_JN</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the first kind</h3>
<a name="index-BESSEL_005fJN"></a>
<a name="index-BESJN"></a>
<a name="index-DBESJN"></a>
<a name="index-Bessel-function_002c-first-kind-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BESSEL_JN(N, X)</code> computes the Bessel function of the first kind of
order <var>N</var> of <var>X</var>. This function is available under the name
<code>BESJN</code> as a GNU extension.
</p>
<p>If both arguments are arrays, their ranks and shapes shall conform.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BESSEL_JN(N, X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>N</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of type  <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of type  <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>REAL</code>. It has the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_besjn
  real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
  x = bessel_jn(5,x)
end program test_besjn
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DBESJN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER N</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"></td><td width="25%"></td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BESSEL_005fY0"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BESSEL_005fY1" accesskey="n" rel="next">BESSEL_Y1</a>, Previous: <a href="#BESSEL_005fJN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BESSEL_JN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BESSEL_005fY0-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-second-kind-of-order-0"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.27 <code>BESSEL_Y0</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the second kind of order 0</h3>
<a name="index-BESSEL_005fY0"></a>
<a name="index-BESY0"></a>
<a name="index-DBESY0"></a>
<a name="index-Bessel-function_002c-second-kind"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BESSEL_Y0(X)</code> computes the Bessel function of the second kind of
order 0 of <var>X</var>. This function is available under the name
<code>BESY0</code> as a GNU extension.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BESSEL_Y0(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>, and it shall be scalar.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>REAL</code>. It has the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_besy0
  real(8) :: x = 0.0_8
  x = bessel_y0(x)
end program test_besy0
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DBESY0(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BESSEL_005fY1"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BESSEL_005fYN" accesskey="n" rel="next">BESSEL_YN</a>, Previous: <a href="#BESSEL_005fY0" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BESSEL_Y0</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BESSEL_005fY1-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-second-kind-of-order-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.28 <code>BESSEL_Y1</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the second kind of order 1</h3>
<a name="index-BESSEL_005fY1"></a>
<a name="index-BESY1"></a>
<a name="index-DBESY1"></a>
<a name="index-Bessel-function_002c-second-kind-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BESSEL_Y1(X)</code> computes the Bessel function of the second kind of
order 1 of <var>X</var>. This function is available under the name
<code>BESY1</code> as a GNU extension.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BESSEL_Y1(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>, and it shall be scalar.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>REAL</code>. It has the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_besy1
  real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
  x = bessel_y1(x)
end program test_besy1
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DBESY1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BESSEL_005fYN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BIT_005fSIZE" accesskey="n" rel="next">BIT_SIZE</a>, Previous: <a href="#BESSEL_005fY1" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BESSEL_Y1</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BESSEL_005fYN-_002d_002d_002d-Bessel-function-of-the-second-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.29 <code>BESSEL_YN</code> &mdash; Bessel function of the second kind</h3>
<a name="index-BESSEL_005fYN"></a>
<a name="index-BESYN"></a>
<a name="index-DBESYN"></a>
<a name="index-Bessel-function_002c-second-kind-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BESSEL_YN(N, X)</code> computes the Bessel function of the second kind of
order <var>N</var> of <var>X</var>. This function is available under the name
<code>BESYN</code> as a GNU extension.
</p>
<p>If both arguments are arrays, their ranks and shapes shall conform.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BESSEL_YN(N, X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>N</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of type  <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of type  <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>REAL</code>. It has the same
kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_besyn
  real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
  x = bessel_yn(5,x)
end program test_besyn
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DBESYN(N,X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER N</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)    X</code></td><td width="20%"></td><td width="25%"></td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BIT_005fSIZE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#BTEST" accesskey="n" rel="next">BTEST</a>, Previous: <a href="#BESSEL_005fYN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BESSEL_YN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BIT_005fSIZE-_002d_002d_002d-Bit-size-inquiry-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.30 <code>BIT_SIZE</code> &mdash; Bit size inquiry function</h3>
<a name="index-BIT_005fSIZE"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-number-of"></a>
<a name="index-size-of-a-variable_002c-in-bits"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code> returns the number of bits (integer precision plus sign bit)
represented by the type of <var>I</var>.  The result of <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code> is
independent of the actual value of <var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BIT_SIZE(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_bit_size
    integer :: i = 123
    integer :: size
    size = bit_size(i)
    print *, size
end program test_bit_size
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="BTEST"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED" accesskey="n" rel="next">C_ASSOCIATED</a>, Previous: <a href="#BIT_005fSIZE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BIT_SIZE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="BTEST-_002d_002d_002d-Bit-test-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.31 <code>BTEST</code> &mdash; Bit test function</h3>
<a name="index-BTEST"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-testing"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>BTEST(I,POS)</code> returns logical <code>.TRUE.</code> if the bit at <var>POS</var>
in <var>I</var> is set.  The counting of the bits starts at 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = BTEST(I, POS)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>POS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>LOGICAL</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_btest
    integer :: i = 32768 + 1024 + 64
    integer :: pos
    logical :: bool
    do pos=0,16
        bool = btest(i, pos) 
        print *, pos, bool
    end do
end program test_btest
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="C_005fASSOCIATED"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#C_005fFUNLOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">C_FUNLOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#BTEST" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BTEST</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="C_005fASSOCIATED-_002d_002d_002d-Status-of-a-C-pointer"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.32 <code>C_ASSOCIATED</code> &mdash; Status of a C pointer</h3>
<a name="index-C_005fASSOCIATED"></a>
<a name="index-association-status_002c-C-pointer"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-C-association-status"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>C_ASSOCIATED(c_prt_1[, c_ptr_2])</code> determines the status of the C pointer
<var>c_ptr_1</var> or if <var>c_ptr_1</var> is associated with the target <var>c_ptr_2</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = C_ASSOCIATED(c_prt_1[, c_ptr_2])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>c_ptr_1</var></td><td width="70%">Scalar of the type <code>C_PTR</code> or <code>C_FUNPTR</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>c_ptr_2</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Scalar of the same type as <var>c_ptr_1</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>LOGICAL</code>; it is <code>.false.</code> if either
<var>c_ptr_1</var> is a C NULL pointer or if <var>c_ptr1</var> and <var>c_ptr_2</var>
point to different addresses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">subroutine association_test(a,b)
  use iso_c_binding, only: c_associated, c_loc, c_ptr
  implicit none
  real, pointer :: a
  type(c_ptr) :: b
  if(c_associated(b, c_loc(a))) &amp;
     stop 'b and a do not point to same target'
end subroutine association_test
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#C_005fLOC">C_LOC</a>, <a href="#C_005fFUNLOC">C_FUNLOC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="C_005fFUNLOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER" accesskey="n" rel="next">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a>, Previous: <a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED" accesskey="p" rel="prev">C_ASSOCIATED</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="C_005fFUNLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Obtain-the-C-address-of-a-procedure"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.33 <code>C_FUNLOC</code> &mdash; Obtain the C address of a procedure</h3>
<a name="index-C_005fFUNLOC"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-C-address-of-procedures"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>C_FUNLOC(x)</code> determines the C address of the argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = C_FUNLOC(x)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>x</var></td><td width="70%">Interoperable function or pointer to such function.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>C_FUNPTR</code> and contains the C address
of the argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">module x
  use iso_c_binding
  implicit none
contains
  subroutine sub(a) bind(c)
    real(c_float) :: a
    a = sqrt(a)+5.0
  end subroutine sub
end module x
program main
  use iso_c_binding
  use x
  implicit none
  interface
    subroutine my_routine(p) bind(c,name='myC_func')
      import :: c_funptr
      type(c_funptr), intent(in) :: p
    end subroutine
  end interface
  call my_routine(c_funloc(sub))
end program main
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED">C_ASSOCIATED</a>, <a href="#C_005fLOC">C_LOC</a>, <a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER">C_F_POINTER</a>, <a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER" accesskey="n" rel="next">C_F_POINTER</a>, Previous: <a href="#C_005fFUNLOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">C_FUNLOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-C-into-Fortran-procedure-pointer"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.34 <code>C_F_PROCPOINTER</code> &mdash; Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer</h3>
<a name="index-C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-C-address-of-pointers"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>C_F_PROCPOINTER(CPTR, FPTR)</code> Assign the target of the C function pointer
<var>CPTR</var> to the Fortran procedure pointer <var>FPTR</var>.
</p>
<p>Note: Due to the currently lacking support of procedure pointers in GNU Fortran
this function is not fully operable.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL C_F_PROCPOINTER(cptr, fptr)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>CPTR</var></td><td width="70%">scalar of the type <code>C_FUNPTR</code>. It is
<code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FPTR</var></td><td width="70%">procedure pointer interoperable with <var>cptr</var>. It is
<code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program main
  use iso_c_binding
  implicit none
  abstract interface
    function func(a)
      import :: c_float
      real(c_float), intent(in) :: a
      real(c_float) :: func
    end function
  end interface
  interface
     function getIterFunc() bind(c,name=&quot;getIterFunc&quot;)
       import :: c_funptr
       type(c_funptr) :: getIterFunc
     end function
  end interface
  type(c_funptr) :: cfunptr
  procedure(func), pointer :: myFunc
  cfunptr = getIterFunc()
  call c_f_procpointer(cfunptr, myFunc)
end program main
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#C_005fLOC">C_LOC</a>, <a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER">C_F_POINTER</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="C_005fF_005fPOINTER"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#C_005fLOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">C_LOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER" accesskey="p" rel="prev">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="C_005fF_005fPOINTER-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-C-into-Fortran-pointer"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.35 <code>C_F_POINTER</code> &mdash; Convert C into Fortran pointer</h3>
<a name="index-C_005fF_005fPOINTER"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-convert-C-to-Fortran"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])</code> Assign the target the C pointer
<var>CPTR</var> to the Fortran pointer <var>FPTR</var> and specify its
shape.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>CPTR</var></td><td width="70%">scalar of the type <code>C_PTR</code>. It is
<code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FPTR</var></td><td width="70%">pointer interoperable with <var>cptr</var>. It is
<code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHAPE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Rank-one array of type <code>INTEGER</code>
with <code>INTENT(IN)</code>. It shall be present
if and only if <var>fptr</var> is an array. The size
must be equal to the rank of <var>fptr</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program main
  use iso_c_binding
  implicit none
  interface
    subroutine my_routine(p) bind(c,name='myC_func')
      import :: c_ptr
      type(c_ptr), intent(out) :: p
    end subroutine
  end interface
  type(c_ptr) :: cptr
  real,pointer :: a(:)
  call my_routine(cptr)
  call c_f_pointer(cptr, a, [12])
end program main
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#C_005fLOC">C_LOC</a>, <a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="C_005fLOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#C_005fSIZEOF" accesskey="n" rel="next">C_SIZEOF</a>, Previous: <a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER" accesskey="p" rel="prev">C_F_POINTER</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="C_005fLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Obtain-the-C-address-of-an-object"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.36 <code>C_LOC</code> &mdash; Obtain the C address of an object</h3>
<a name="index-C_005fLOC"></a>
<a name="index-procedure-pointer_002c-convert-C-to-Fortran"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>C_LOC(X)</code> determines the C address of the argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = C_LOC(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Associated scalar pointer or interoperable scalar
or allocated allocatable variable with <code>TARGET</code> attribute.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>C_PTR</code> and contains the C address
of the argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">subroutine association_test(a,b)
  use iso_c_binding, only: c_associated, c_loc, c_ptr
  implicit none
  real, pointer :: a
  type(c_ptr) :: b
  if(c_associated(b, c_loc(a))) &amp;
     stop 'b and a do not point to same target'
end subroutine association_test
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED">C_ASSOCIATED</a>, <a href="#C_005fFUNLOC">C_FUNLOC</a>, <a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER">C_F_POINTER</a>, <a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="C_005fSIZEOF"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CEILING" accesskey="n" rel="next">CEILING</a>, Previous: <a href="#C_005fLOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">C_LOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="C_005fSIZEOF-_002d_002d_002d-Size-in-bytes-of-an-expression"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.37 <code>C_SIZEOF</code> &mdash; Size in bytes of an expression</h3>
<a name="index-C_005fSIZEOF"></a>
<a name="index-expression-size"></a>
<a name="index-size-of-an-expression"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>C_SIZEOF(X)</code> calculates the number of bytes of storage the
expression <code>X</code> occupies.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Intrinsic function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>N = C_SIZEOF(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The argument shall be of any type, rank or shape.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type integer and of the system-dependent kind
<var>C_SIZE_T</var> (from the <var>ISO_C_BINDING</var> module). Its value is the
number of bytes occupied by the argument.  If the argument has the
<code>POINTER</code> attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area pointed
to is returned.  If the argument is of a derived type with <code>POINTER</code>
or <code>ALLOCATABLE</code> components, the return value doesn&rsquo;t account for
the sizes of the data pointed to by these components.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   use iso_c_binding
   integer(c_int) :: i
   real(c_float) :: r, s(5)
   print *, (c_sizeof(s)/c_sizeof(r) == 5)
   end
</pre></div>
<p>The example will print <code>.TRUE.</code> unless you are using a platform
where default <code>REAL</code> variables are unusually padded.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SIZEOF">SIZEOF</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="CEILING"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CHAR" accesskey="n" rel="next">CHAR</a>, Previous: <a href="#C_005fSIZEOF" accesskey="p" rel="prev">C_SIZEOF</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CEILING-_002d_002d_002d-Integer-ceiling-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.38 <code>CEILING</code> &mdash; Integer ceiling function</h3>
<a name="index-CEILING"></a>
<a name="index-ceiling-1"></a>
<a name="index-rounding_002c-ceiling-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CEILING(A)</code> returns the least integer greater than or equal to <var>A</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = CEILING(A [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER(KIND)</code> if <var>KIND</var> is present
and a default-kind <code>INTEGER</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_ceiling
    real :: x = 63.29
    real :: y = -63.59
    print *, ceiling(x) ! returns 64
    print *, ceiling(y) ! returns -63
end program test_ceiling
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FLOOR">FLOOR</a>, <a href="#NINT">NINT</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CHAR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CHDIR" accesskey="n" rel="next">CHDIR</a>, Previous: <a href="#CEILING" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CEILING</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Character-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.39 <code>CHAR</code> &mdash; Character conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-CHAR"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-character"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CHAR(I [, KIND])</code> returns the character represented by the integer <var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = CHAR(I [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>CHARACTER(1)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_char
    integer :: i = 74
    character(1) :: c
    c = char(i)
    print *, i, c ! returns 'J'
end program test_char
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Note</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a> for a discussion of converting between numerical values
and formatted string representations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ACHAR">ACHAR</a>, <a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a>, <a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CHDIR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CHMOD" accesskey="n" rel="next">CHMOD</a>, Previous: <a href="#CHAR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CHAR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CHDIR-_002d_002d_002d-Change-working-directory"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.40 <code>CHDIR</code> &mdash; Change working directory</h3>
<a name="index-CHDIR"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-working-directory"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Change current working directory to a specified path.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL CHDIR(NAME [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = CHDIR(NAME)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> of default
kind and shall specify a valid path within the file system.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) <code>INTEGER</code> status flag of the default
kind.  Returns 0 on success, and a system specific and nonzero error code
otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_chdir
  CHARACTER(len=255) :: path
  CALL getcwd(path)
  WRITE(*,*) TRIM(path)
  CALL chdir(&quot;/tmp&quot;)
  CALL getcwd(path)
  WRITE(*,*) TRIM(path)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GETCWD">GETCWD</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CHMOD"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CMPLX" accesskey="n" rel="next">CMPLX</a>, Previous: <a href="#CHDIR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CHDIR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CHMOD-_002d_002d_002d-Change-access-permissions-of-files"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.41 <code>CHMOD</code> &mdash; Change access permissions of files</h3>
<a name="index-CHMOD"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-change-access-mode"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CHMOD</code> changes the permissions of a file. This function invokes
<code>/bin/chmod</code> and might therefore not work on all platforms.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL CHMOD(NAME, MODE[, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = CHMOD(NAME, MODE)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Scalar <code>CHARACTER</code> of default kind with the
file name. Trailing blanks are ignored unless the character
<code>achar(0)</code> is present, then all characters up to and excluding
<code>achar(0)</code> are used as the file name.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MODE</var></td><td width="70%">Scalar <code>CHARACTER</code> of default kind giving the
file permission. <var>MODE</var> uses the same syntax as the <var>MODE</var>
argument of <code>/bin/chmod</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(optional) scalar <code>INTEGER</code>, which is
<code>0</code> on success and nonzero otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>In either syntax, <var>STATUS</var> is set to <code>0</code> on success and nonzero
otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CHMOD</code> as subroutine
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program chmod_test
  implicit none
  integer :: status
  call chmod('test.dat','u+x',status)
  print *, 'Status: ', status
end program chmod_test
</pre></div>
<p><code>CHMOD</code> as function:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program chmod_test
  implicit none
  integer :: status
  status = chmod('test.dat','u+x')
  print *, 'Status: ', status
end program chmod_test
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CMPLX"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT" accesskey="n" rel="next">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a>, Previous: <a href="#CHMOD" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CHMOD</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CMPLX-_002d_002d_002d-Complex-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.42 <code>CMPLX</code> &mdash; Complex conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-CMPLX"></a>
<a name="index-complex-numbers_002c-conversion-to"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-complex"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])</code> returns a complex number where <var>X</var> is converted to
the real component.  If <var>Y</var> is present it is converted to the imaginary
component.  If <var>Y</var> is not present then the imaginary component is set to
0.0.  If <var>X</var> is complex then <var>Y</var> must not be present.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type may be <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>,
or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional; only allowed if <var>X</var> is not
<code>COMPLEX</code>.)  May be <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of <code>COMPLEX</code> type, with a kind equal to
<var>KIND</var> if it is specified.  If <var>KIND</var> is not specified, the
result is of the default <code>COMPLEX</code> kind, regardless of the kinds of
<var>X</var> and <var>Y</var>. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_cmplx
    integer :: i = 42
    real :: x = 3.14
    complex :: z
    z = cmplx(i, x)
    print *, z, cmplx(x)
end program test_cmplx
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#COMPLEX" accesskey="n" rel="next">COMPLEX</a>, Previous: <a href="#CMPLX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CMPLX</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-number-of-command-line-arguments"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.43 <code>COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</code> &mdash; Get number of command line arguments</h3>
<a name="index-COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments_002c-number-of"></a>
<a name="index-arguments_002c-to-program"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT()</code> returns the number of arguments passed on the
command line when the containing program was invoked.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%">None</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_command_argument_count
    integer :: count
    count = command_argument_count()
    print *, count
end program test_command_argument_count
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a>, <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="COMPLEX"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CONJG" accesskey="n" rel="next">CONJG</a>, Previous: <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="COMPLEX-_002d_002d_002d-Complex-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.44 <code>COMPLEX</code> &mdash; Complex conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-COMPLEX"></a>
<a name="index-complex-numbers_002c-conversion-to-1"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-complex-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>COMPLEX(X, Y)</code> returns a complex number where <var>X</var> is converted
to the real component and <var>Y</var> is converted to the imaginary
component.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = COMPLEX(X, Y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type may be <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type may be <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>X</var> and <var>Y</var> are both of <code>INTEGER</code> type, then the return
value is of default <code>COMPLEX</code> type.
</p>
<p>If <var>X</var> and <var>Y</var> are of <code>REAL</code> type, or one is of <code>REAL</code>
type and one is of <code>INTEGER</code> type, then the return value is of
<code>COMPLEX</code> type with a kind equal to that of the <code>REAL</code>
argument with the highest precision.  
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_complex
    integer :: i = 42
    real :: x = 3.14
    print *, complex(i, x)
end program test_complex
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CMPLX">CMPLX</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CONJG"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#COS" accesskey="n" rel="next">COS</a>, Previous: <a href="#COMPLEX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">COMPLEX</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CONJG-_002d_002d_002d-Complex-conjugate-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.45 <code>CONJG</code> &mdash; Complex conjugate function</h3>
<a name="index-CONJG"></a>
<a name="index-DCONJG"></a>
<a name="index-complex-conjugate"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CONJG(Z)</code> returns the conjugate of <var>Z</var>.  If <var>Z</var> is <code>(x, y)</code>
then the result is <code>(x, -y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>Z = CONJG(Z)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Z</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>COMPLEX</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_conjg
    complex :: z = (2.0, 3.0)
    complex(8) :: dz = (2.71_8, -3.14_8)
    z= conjg(z)
    print *, z
    dz = dconjg(dz)
    print *, dz
end program test_conjg
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DCONJG(Z)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) Z</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="COS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#COSH" accesskey="n" rel="next">COSH</a>, Previous: <a href="#CONJG" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CONJG</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="COS-_002d_002d_002d-Cosine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.46 <code>COS</code> &mdash; Cosine function</h3>
<a name="index-COS"></a>
<a name="index-DCOS"></a>
<a name="index-CCOS"></a>
<a name="index-ZCOS"></a>
<a name="index-CDCOS"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-cosine"></a>
<a name="index-cosine"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>COS(X)</code> computes the cosine of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = COS(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or
<code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and it lies in the
range <em>-1 \leq \cos (x) \leq 1</em>.  The kind type
parameter is the same as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_cos
  real :: x = 0.0
  x = cos(x)
end program test_cos
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DCOS(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CCOS(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ZCOS(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CDCOS(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#ACOS">ACOS</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="COSH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#COUNT" accesskey="n" rel="next">COUNT</a>, Previous: <a href="#COS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">COS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="COSH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-cosine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.47 <code>COSH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic cosine function</h3>
<a name="index-COSH"></a>
<a name="index-DCOSH"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-cosine"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-function_002c-cosine"></a>
<a name="index-cosine_002c-hyperbolic"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>COSH(X)</code> computes the hyperbolic cosine of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>X = COSH(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and it is positive
(<em>\cosh (x) \geq 0 </em>).  For a <code>REAL</code> argument <var>X</var>,
<em>\cosh (x) \geq 1 </em>.
The return value is of the same kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_cosh
  real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
  x = cosh(x)
end program test_cosh
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DCOSH(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inverse function: <a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="COUNT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CPU_005fTIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">CPU_TIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#COSH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">COSH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="COUNT-_002d_002d_002d-Count-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.48 <code>COUNT</code> &mdash; Count function</h3>
<a name="index-COUNT"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-conditionally-count-elements"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-element-counting"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-number-of-elements"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>COUNT(MASK [, DIM [, KIND]])</code> counts the number of <code>.TRUE.</code>
elements of <var>MASK</var> along the dimension of <var>DIM</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is
omitted it is taken to be <code>1</code>.  <var>DIM</var> is a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code> in the range of <em>1 /leq DIM /leq n)</em> where <em>n</em>
is the rank of <var>MASK</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = COUNT(MASK [, DIM [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>LOGICAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
The result has a rank equal to that of <var>MASK</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_count
    integer, dimension(2,3) :: a, b
    logical, dimension(2,3) :: mask
    a = reshape( (/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 /), (/ 2, 3 /))
    b = reshape( (/ 0, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8 /), (/ 2, 3 /))
    print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
    print *
    print '(3i3)', b(1,:)
    print '(3i3)', b(2,:)
    print *
    mask = a.ne.b
    print '(3l3)', mask(1,:)
    print '(3l3)', mask(2,:)
    print *
    print '(3i3)', count(mask)
    print *
    print '(3i3)', count(mask, 1)
    print *
    print '(3i3)', count(mask, 2)
end program test_count
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CPU_005fTIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CSHIFT" accesskey="n" rel="next">CSHIFT</a>, Previous: <a href="#COUNT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">COUNT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CPU_005fTIME-_002d_002d_002d-CPU-elapsed-time-in-seconds"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.49 <code>CPU_TIME</code> &mdash; CPU elapsed time in seconds</h3>
<a name="index-CPU_005fTIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-elapsed"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <code>REAL</code> value representing the elapsed CPU time in
seconds.  This is useful for testing segments of code to determine
execution time.
</p>
<p>If a time source is available, time will be reported with microsecond
resolution. If no time source is available, <var>TIME</var> is set to
<code>-1.0</code>.
</p>
<p>Note that <var>TIME</var> may contain a, system dependent, arbitrary offset
and may not start with <code>0.0</code>. For <code>CPU_TIME</code>, the absolute
value is meaningless, only differences between subsequent calls to
this subroutine, as shown in the example below, should be used.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL CPU_TIME(TIME)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TIME</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_cpu_time
    real :: start, finish
    call cpu_time(start)
        ! put code to test here
    call cpu_time(finish)
    print '(&quot;Time = &quot;,f6.3,&quot; seconds.&quot;)',finish-start
end program test_cpu_time
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a>, <a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CSHIFT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#CTIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">CTIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#CPU_005fTIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CPU_TIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-Circular-shift-elements-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.50 <code>CSHIFT</code> &mdash; Circular shift elements of an array</h3>
<a name="index-CSHIFT"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-shift-circularly"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-permutation"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-rotate"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])</code> performs a circular shift on elements of
<var>ARRAY</var> along the dimension of <var>DIM</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is omitted it is
taken to be <code>1</code>.  <var>DIM</var> is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> in the
range of <em>1 /leq DIM /leq n)</em> where <em>n</em> is the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>.
If the rank of <var>ARRAY</var> is one, then all elements of <var>ARRAY</var> are shifted
by <var>SHIFT</var> places.  If rank is greater than one, then all complete rank one
sections of <var>ARRAY</var> along the given dimension are shifted.  Elements
shifted out one end of each rank one section are shifted back in the other end.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHIFT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns an array of same type and rank as the <var>ARRAY</var> argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_cshift
    integer, dimension(3,3) :: a
    a = reshape( (/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 /), (/ 3, 3 /))
    print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(3,:)    
    a = cshift(a, SHIFT=(/1, 2, -1/), DIM=2)
    print *
    print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(3,:)
end program test_cshift
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="CTIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">DATE_AND_TIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#CSHIFT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CSHIFT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="CTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-a-time-into-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.51 <code>CTIME</code> &mdash; Convert a time into a string</h3>
<a name="index-CTIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-conversion-to-string"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-string"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CTIME</code> converts a system time value, such as returned by
<code>TIME8()</code>, to a string of the form &lsquo;<samp>Sat Aug 19 18:13:14 1995</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL CTIME(TIME, RESULT)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = CTIME(TIME)</code>, (not recommended).</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TIME</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be of type <code>INTEGER(KIND=8)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>RESULT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and
of default kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The converted date and time as a string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_ctime
    integer(8) :: i
    character(len=30) :: date
    i = time8()

    ! Do something, main part of the program
    
    call ctime(i,date)
    print *, 'Program was started on ', date
end program test_ctime
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See Also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a>, <a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a>, <a href="#TIME">TIME</a>, <a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DATE_005fAND_005fTIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DBLE" accesskey="n" rel="next">DBLE</a>, Previous: <a href="#CTIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CTIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DATE_005fAND_005fTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Date-and-time-subroutine"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.52 <code>DATE_AND_TIME</code> &mdash; Date and time subroutine</h3>
<a name="index-DATE_005fAND_005fTIME"></a>
<a name="index-date_002c-current"></a>
<a name="index-current-date"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-current"></a>
<a name="index-current-time"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DATE_AND_TIME(DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES)</code> gets the corresponding date and
time information from the real-time system clock.  <var>DATE</var> is
<code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and has form ccyymmdd.  <var>TIME</var> is <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and
has form hhmmss.sss.  <var>ZONE</var> is <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and has form (+-)hhmm,
representing the difference with respect to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Unavailable time and date parameters return blanks.
</p>
<p><var>VALUES</var> is <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and provides the following:
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(1)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The year</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(2)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The month</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(3)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The day of the month</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(4)</code>:</td><td width="40%">Time difference with UTC in minutes</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(5)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The hour of the day</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(6)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The minutes of the hour</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(7)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The seconds of the minute</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>VALUE(8)</code>:</td><td width="40%">The milliseconds of the second</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL DATE_AND_TIME([DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DATE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>CHARACTER(LEN=8)</code>
or larger, and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TIME</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>CHARACTER(LEN=10)</code>
or larger, and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ZONE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>CHARACTER(LEN=5)</code>
or larger, and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUES</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>INTEGER(8)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_time_and_date
    character(8)  :: date
    character(10) :: time
    character(5)  :: zone
    integer,dimension(8) :: values
    ! using keyword arguments
    call date_and_time(date,time,zone,values)
    call date_and_time(DATE=date,ZONE=zone)
    call date_and_time(TIME=time)
    call date_and_time(VALUES=values)
    print '(a,2x,a,2x,a)', date, time, zone
    print '(8i5))', values
end program test_time_and_date
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a>, <a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DBLE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DCMPLX" accesskey="n" rel="next">DCMPLX</a>, Previous: <a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DATE_AND_TIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DBLE-_002d_002d_002d-Double-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.53 <code>DBLE</code> &mdash; Double conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-DBLE"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-real"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DBLE(A)</code> Converts <var>A</var> to double precision real type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DBLE(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>,
or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type double precision real.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dble
    real    :: x = 2.18
    integer :: i = 5
    complex :: z = (2.3,1.14)
    print *, dble(x), dble(i), dble(z)
end program test_dble
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#DFLOAT">DFLOAT</a>, <a href="#FLOAT">FLOAT</a>, <a href="#REAL">REAL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DCMPLX"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DFLOAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">DFLOAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#DBLE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DBLE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DCMPLX-_002d_002d_002d-Double-complex-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.54 <code>DCMPLX</code> &mdash; Double complex conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-DCMPLX"></a>
<a name="index-complex-numbers_002c-conversion-to-2"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-complex-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DCMPLX(X [,Y])</code> returns a double complex number where <var>X</var> is
converted to the real component.  If <var>Y</var> is present it is converted to the
imaginary component.  If <var>Y</var> is not present then the imaginary component is
set to 0.0.  If <var>X</var> is complex then <var>Y</var> must not be present.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DCMPLX(X [, Y])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type may be <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>,
or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional if <var>X</var> is not <code>COMPLEX</code>.) May be
<code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>COMPLEX(8)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dcmplx
    integer :: i = 42
    real :: x = 3.14
    complex :: z
    z = cmplx(i, x)
    print *, dcmplx(i)
    print *, dcmplx(x)
    print *, dcmplx(z)
    print *, dcmplx(x,i)
end program test_dcmplx
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DFLOAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DIGITS" accesskey="n" rel="next">DIGITS</a>, Previous: <a href="#DCMPLX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DCMPLX</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DFLOAT-_002d_002d_002d-Double-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.55 <code>DFLOAT</code> &mdash; Double conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-DFLOAT"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-real-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DFLOAT(A)</code> Converts <var>A</var> to double precision real type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DFLOAT(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type double precision real.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dfloat
    integer :: i = 5
    print *, dfloat(i)
end program test_dfloat
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#DBLE">DBLE</a>, <a href="#FLOAT">FLOAT</a>, <a href="#REAL">REAL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DIGITS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DIM" accesskey="n" rel="next">DIM</a>, Previous: <a href="#DFLOAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DFLOAT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DIGITS-_002d_002d_002d-Significant-binary-digits-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.56 <code>DIGITS</code> &mdash; Significant binary digits function</h3>
<a name="index-DIGITS"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-significant-digits"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DIGITS(X)</code> returns the number of significant binary digits of the internal
model representation of <var>X</var>.  For example, on a system using a 32-bit
floating point representation, a default real number would likely return 24.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DIGITS(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type may be <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_digits
    integer :: i = 12345
    real :: x = 3.143
    real(8) :: y = 2.33
    print *, digits(i)
    print *, digits(x)
    print *, digits(y)
end program test_digits
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DIM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT" accesskey="n" rel="next">DOT_PRODUCT</a>, Previous: <a href="#DIGITS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DIGITS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DIM-_002d_002d_002d-Positive-difference"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.57 <code>DIM</code> &mdash; Positive difference</h3>
<a name="index-DIM"></a>
<a name="index-IDIM"></a>
<a name="index-DDIM"></a>
<a name="index-positive-difference"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DIM(X,Y)</code> returns the difference <code>X-Y</code> if the result is positive;
otherwise returns zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DIM(X, Y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be the same type and kind as <var>X</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dim
    integer :: i
    real(8) :: x
    i = dim(4, 15)
    x = dim(4.345_8, 2.111_8)
    print *, i
    print *, x
end program test_dim
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>IDIM(X,Y)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4) X,Y</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DDIM(X,Y)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X,Y</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DOT_005fPRODUCT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DPROD" accesskey="n" rel="next">DPROD</a>, Previous: <a href="#DIM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DIM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DOT_005fPRODUCT-_002d_002d_002d-Dot-product-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.58 <code>DOT_PRODUCT</code> &mdash; Dot product function</h3>
<a name="index-DOT_005fPRODUCT"></a>
<a name="index-dot-product"></a>
<a name="index-vector-product"></a>
<a name="index-product_002c-vector"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)</code> computes the dot product multiplication
of two vectors <var>VECTOR_A</var> and <var>VECTOR_B</var>.  The two vectors may be
either numeric or logical and must be arrays of rank one and of equal size. If
the vectors are <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code>, the result is
<code>SUM(VECTOR_A*VECTOR_B)</code>. If the vectors are <code>COMPLEX</code>, the result
is <code>SUM(CONJG(VECTOR_A)*VECTOR_B)</code>. If the vectors are <code>LOGICAL</code>,
the result is <code>ANY(VECTOR_A .AND. VECTOR_B)</code>.  
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VECTOR_A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be numeric or <code>LOGICAL</code>, rank 1.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VECTOR_B</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be numeric if <var>VECTOR_A</var> is of numeric type or <code>LOGICAL</code> if <var>VECTOR_A</var> is of type <code>LOGICAL</code>. <var>VECTOR_B</var> shall be a rank-one array.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>If the arguments are numeric, the return value is a scalar of numeric type,
<code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code>.  If the arguments are
<code>LOGICAL</code>, the return value is <code>.TRUE.</code> or <code>.FALSE.</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dot_prod
    integer, dimension(3) :: a, b
    a = (/ 1, 2, 3 /)
    b = (/ 4, 5, 6 /)
    print '(3i3)', a
    print *
    print '(3i3)', b
    print *
    print *, dot_product(a,b)
end program test_dot_prod
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DPROD"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DREAL" accesskey="n" rel="next">DREAL</a>, Previous: <a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DOT_PRODUCT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DPROD-_002d_002d_002d-Double-product-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.59 <code>DPROD</code> &mdash; Double product function</h3>
<a name="index-DPROD"></a>
<a name="index-product_002c-double_002dprecision"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DPROD(X,Y)</code> returns the product <code>X*Y</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DPROD(X, Y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL(8)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dprod
    real :: x = 5.2
    real :: y = 2.3
    real(8) :: d
    d = dprod(x,y)
    print *, d
end program test_dprod
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DREAL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#DTIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">DTIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#DPROD" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DPROD</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DREAL-_002d_002d_002d-Double-real-part-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.60 <code>DREAL</code> &mdash; Double real part function</h3>
<a name="index-DREAL"></a>
<a name="index-complex-numbers_002c-real-part"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DREAL(Z)</code> returns the real part of complex variable <var>Z</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = DREAL(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>COMPLEX(8)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL(8)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dreal
    complex(8) :: z = (1.3_8,7.2_8)
    print *, dreal(z)
end program test_dreal
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#AIMAG">AIMAG</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="DTIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#EOSHIFT" accesskey="n" rel="next">EOSHIFT</a>, Previous: <a href="#DREAL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DREAL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="DTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Execution-time-subroutine-_0028or-function_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.61 <code>DTIME</code> &mdash; Execution time subroutine (or function)</h3>
<a name="index-DTIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-elapsed-1"></a>
<a name="index-elapsed-time"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>DTIME(TARRAY, RESULT)</code> initially returns the number of seconds of runtime
since the start of the process&rsquo;s execution in <var>RESULT</var>.  <var>TARRAY</var>
returns the user and system components of this time in <code>TARRAY(1)</code> and
<code>TARRAY(2)</code> respectively. <var>RESULT</var> is equal to <code>TARRAY(1) +
TARRAY(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>Subsequent invocations of <code>DTIME</code> return values accumulated since the
previous invocation.
</p>
<p>On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using types with
sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around) are possible, such as
32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or
become, negative, or numerically less than previous values, during a single
run of the compiled program.
</p>
<p>Please note, that this implementation is thread safe if used within OpenMP
directives, i.e., its state will be consistent while called from multiple
threads. However, if <code>DTIME</code> is called from multiple threads, the result
is still the time since the last invocation. This may not give the intended
results. If possible, use <code>CPU_TIME</code> instead.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p><var>TARRAY</var> and <var>RESULT</var> are <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and provide the following:
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>TARRAY(1)</code>:</td><td width="40%">User time in seconds.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>TARRAY(2)</code>:</td><td width="40%">System time in seconds.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>RESULT</code>:</td><td width="40%">Run time since start in seconds.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL DTIME(TARRAY, RESULT)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = DTIME(TARRAY)</code>, (not recommended).</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL, DIMENSION(2)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>RESULT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elapsed time in seconds since the last invocation or since the start of program
execution if not called before.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_dtime
    integer(8) :: i, j
    real, dimension(2) :: tarray
    real :: result
    call dtime(tarray, result)
    print *, result
    print *, tarray(1)
    print *, tarray(2)   
    do i=1,100000000    ! Just a delay
        j = i * i - i
    end do
    call dtime(tarray, result)
    print *, result
    print *, tarray(1)
    print *, tarray(2)
end program test_dtime
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="EOSHIFT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#EPSILON" accesskey="n" rel="next">EPSILON</a>, Previous: <a href="#DTIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DTIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="EOSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-End_002doff-shift-elements-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.62 <code>EOSHIFT</code> &mdash; End-off shift elements of an array</h3>
<a name="index-EOSHIFT"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-shift"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT[, BOUNDARY, DIM])</code> performs an end-off shift on
elements of <var>ARRAY</var> along the dimension of <var>DIM</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is
omitted it is taken to be <code>1</code>.  <var>DIM</var> is a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code> in the range of <em>1 /leq DIM /leq n)</em> where <em>n</em> is the
rank of <var>ARRAY</var>.  If the rank of <var>ARRAY</var> is one, then all elements of
<var>ARRAY</var> are shifted by <var>SHIFT</var> places.  If rank is greater than one,
then all complete rank one sections of <var>ARRAY</var> along the given dimension are
shifted.  Elements shifted out one end of each rank one section are dropped.  If
<var>BOUNDARY</var> is present then the corresponding value of from <var>BOUNDARY</var>
is copied back in the other end.  If <var>BOUNDARY</var> is not present then the
following are copied in depending on the type of <var>ARRAY</var>.
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="15%"><em>Array Type</em></td><td width="80%"><em>Boundary Value</em></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%">Numeric</td><td width="80%">0 of the type and kind of <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%">Logical</td><td width="80%"><code>.FALSE.</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%">Character(<var>len</var>)</td><td width="80%"><var>len</var> blanks.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, BOUNDARY, DIM])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">May be any type, not scalar.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHIFT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BOUNDARY</var></td><td width="70%">Same type as <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns an array of same type and rank as the <var>ARRAY</var> argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_eoshift
    integer, dimension(3,3) :: a
    a = reshape( (/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 /), (/ 3, 3 /))
    print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(3,:)    
    a = EOSHIFT(a, SHIFT=(/1, 2, 1/), BOUNDARY=-5, DIM=2)
    print *
    print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
    print '(3i3)', a(3,:)
end program test_eoshift
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="EPSILON"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ERF" accesskey="n" rel="next">ERF</a>, Previous: <a href="#EOSHIFT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EOSHIFT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="EPSILON-_002d_002d_002d-Epsilon-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.63 <code>EPSILON</code> &mdash; Epsilon function</h3>
<a name="index-EPSILON"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-epsilon"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>EPSILON(X)</code> returns the smallest number <var>E</var> of the same kind
as <var>X</var> such that <em>1 + E &gt; 1</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = EPSILON(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of same type as the argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_epsilon
    real :: x = 3.143
    real(8) :: y = 2.33
    print *, EPSILON(x)
    print *, EPSILON(y)
end program test_epsilon
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ERF"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ERFC" accesskey="n" rel="next">ERFC</a>, Previous: <a href="#EPSILON" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EPSILON</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ERF-_002d_002d_002d-Error-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.64 <code>ERF</code> &mdash; Error function</h3>
<a name="index-ERF"></a>
<a name="index-error-function"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ERF(X)</code> computes the error function of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ERF(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code>, of the same kind as
<var>X</var> and lies in the range <em>-1 \leq erf (x) \leq 1 </em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_erf
  real(8) :: x = 0.17_8
  x = erf(x)
end program test_erf
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DERF(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ERFC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ERFC_005fSCALED" accesskey="n" rel="next">ERFC_SCALED</a>, Previous: <a href="#ERF" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ERF</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ERFC-_002d_002d_002d-Error-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.65 <code>ERFC</code> &mdash; Error function</h3>
<a name="index-ERFC"></a>
<a name="index-error-function_002c-complementary"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ERFC(X)</code> computes the complementary error function of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ERFC(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and of the same kind as <var>X</var>.
It lies in the range <em>0 \leq erfc (x) \leq 2 </em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_erfc
  real(8) :: x = 0.17_8
  x = erfc(x)
end program test_erfc
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DERFC(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ERFC_005fSCALED"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ETIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">ETIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#ERFC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ERFC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ERFC_005fSCALED-_002d_002d_002d-Error-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.66 <code>ERFC_SCALED</code> &mdash; Error function</h3>
<a name="index-ERFC_005fSCALED"></a>
<a name="index-error-function_002c-complementary_002c-exponentially_002dscaled"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ERFC_SCALED(X)</code> computes the exponentially-scaled complementary
error function of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ERFC_SCALED(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and of the same kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_erfc_scaled
  real(8) :: x = 0.17_8
  x = erfc_scaled(x)
end program test_erfc_scaled
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ETIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#EXIT" accesskey="n" rel="next">EXIT</a>, Previous: <a href="#ERFC_005fSCALED" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ERFC_SCALED</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ETIME-_002d_002d_002d-Execution-time-subroutine-_0028or-function_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.67 <code>ETIME</code> &mdash; Execution time subroutine (or function)</h3>
<a name="index-ETIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-elapsed-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ETIME(TARRAY, RESULT)</code> returns the number of seconds of runtime
since the start of the process&rsquo;s execution in <var>RESULT</var>.  <var>TARRAY</var>
returns the user and system components of this time in <code>TARRAY(1)</code> and
<code>TARRAY(2)</code> respectively. <var>RESULT</var> is equal to <code>TARRAY(1) + TARRAY(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using types with
sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around) are possible, such as
32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or
become, negative, or numerically less than previous values, during a single
run of the compiled program.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p><var>TARRAY</var> and <var>RESULT</var> are <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and provide the following:
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>TARRAY(1)</code>:</td><td width="60%">User time in seconds.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>TARRAY(2)</code>:</td><td width="60%">System time in seconds.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"></td><td width="30%"><code>RESULT</code>:</td><td width="60%">Run time since start in seconds.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL ETIME(TARRAY, RESULT)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = ETIME(TARRAY)</code>, (not recommended).</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL, DIMENSION(2)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>RESULT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elapsed time in seconds since the start of program execution.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_etime
    integer(8) :: i, j
    real, dimension(2) :: tarray
    real :: result
    call ETIME(tarray, result)
    print *, result
    print *, tarray(1)
    print *, tarray(2)   
    do i=1,100000000    ! Just a delay
        j = i * i - i
    end do
    call ETIME(tarray, result)
    print *, result
    print *, tarray(1)
    print *, tarray(2)
end program test_etime
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="EXIT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#EXP" accesskey="n" rel="next">EXP</a>, Previous: <a href="#ETIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ETIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="EXIT-_002d_002d_002d-Exit-the-program-with-status_002e"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.68 <code>EXIT</code> &mdash; Exit the program with status.</h3>
<a name="index-EXIT"></a>
<a name="index-program-termination"></a>
<a name="index-terminate-program"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>EXIT</code> causes immediate termination of the program with status.  If status
is omitted it returns the canonical <em>success</em> for the system.  All Fortran
I/O units are closed. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL EXIT([STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an <code>INTEGER</code> of the default kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>STATUS</code> is passed to the parent process on exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_exit
  integer :: STATUS = 0
  print *, 'This program is going to exit.'
  call EXIT(STATUS)
end program test_exit
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ABORT">ABORT</a>, <a href="#KILL">KILL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="EXP"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#EXPONENT" accesskey="n" rel="next">EXPONENT</a>, Previous: <a href="#EXIT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EXIT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="EXP-_002d_002d_002d-Exponential-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.69 <code>EXP</code> &mdash; Exponential function</h3>
<a name="index-EXP"></a>
<a name="index-DEXP"></a>
<a name="index-CEXP"></a>
<a name="index-ZEXP"></a>
<a name="index-CDEXP"></a>
<a name="index-exponential-function"></a>
<a name="index-logarithmic-function_002c-inverse"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>EXP(X)</code> computes the base <em>e</em> exponential of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = EXP(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or
<code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value has same type and kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_exp
  real :: x = 1.0
  x = exp(x)
end program test_exp
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DEXP(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CEXP(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ZEXP(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CDEXP(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="EXPONENT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FDATE" accesskey="n" rel="next">FDATE</a>, Previous: <a href="#EXP" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EXP</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="EXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Exponent-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.70 <code>EXPONENT</code> &mdash; Exponent function</h3>
<a name="index-EXPONENT"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-exponent"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-exponent"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>EXPONENT(X)</code> returns the value of the exponent part of <var>X</var>. If <var>X</var>
is zero the value returned is zero. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = EXPONENT(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type default <code>INTEGER</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_exponent
  real :: x = 1.0
  integer :: i
  i = exponent(x)
  print *, i
  print *, exponent(0.0)
end program test_exponent
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FDATE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FLOAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">FLOAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#EXPONENT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EXPONENT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FDATE-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-current-time-as-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.71 <code>FDATE</code> &mdash; Get the current time as a string</h3>
<a name="index-FDATE"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-current-1"></a>
<a name="index-current-time-1"></a>
<a name="index-date_002c-current-1"></a>
<a name="index-current-date-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>FDATE(DATE)</code> returns the current date (using the same format as
<code>CTIME</code>) in <var>DATE</var>. It is equivalent to <code>CALL CTIME(DATE,
TIME())</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p><var>DATE</var> is an <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> <code>CHARACTER</code> variable of the
default kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL FDATE(DATE)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>DATE = FDATE()</code>, (not recommended).</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DATE</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> of the
default kind</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The current date as a string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_fdate
    integer(8) :: i, j
    character(len=30) :: date
    call fdate(date)
    print *, 'Program started on ', date
    do i = 1, 100000000 ! Just a delay
        j = i * i - i
    end do
    call fdate(date)
    print *, 'Program ended on ', date
end program test_fdate
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FLOAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FGET" accesskey="n" rel="next">FGET</a>, Previous: <a href="#FDATE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FDATE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FLOAT-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-integer-to-default-real"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.72 <code>FLOAT</code> &mdash; Convert integer to default real</h3>
<a name="index-FLOAT"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-real-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>FLOAT(A)</code> converts the integer <var>A</var> to a default real value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = FLOAT(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type default <code>REAL</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_float
    integer :: i = 1
    if (float(i) /= 1.) call abort
end program test_float
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#DBLE">DBLE</a>, <a href="#DFLOAT">DFLOAT</a>, <a href="#REAL">REAL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FGET"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FGETC" accesskey="n" rel="next">FGETC</a>, Previous: <a href="#FLOAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FLOAT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FGET-_002d_002d_002d-Read-a-single-character-in-stream-mode-from-stdin"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.73 <code>FGET</code> &mdash; Read a single character in stream mode from stdin</h3>
<a name="index-FGET"></a>
<a name="index-read-character_002c-stream-mode"></a>
<a name="index-stream-mode_002c-read-character"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-read-character"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Read a single character in stream mode from stdin by bypassing normal 
formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented 
(formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p>Note that the <code>FGET</code> intrinsic is provided for backwards compatibility with 
<code>g77</code>.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream facility.
Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO feature in new code 
for future portability. See also <a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FGET(C [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default
kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file, and a system specific positive
error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_fget
  INTEGER, PARAMETER :: strlen = 100
  INTEGER :: status, i = 1
  CHARACTER(len=strlen) :: str = &quot;&quot;

  WRITE (*,*) 'Enter text:'
  DO
    CALL fget(str(i:i), status)
    if (status /= 0 .OR. i &gt; strlen) exit
    i = i + 1
  END DO
  WRITE (*,*) TRIM(str)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a>, <a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a>, <a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FGETC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FLOOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">FLOOR</a>, Previous: <a href="#FGET" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FGET</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FGETC-_002d_002d_002d-Read-a-single-character-in-stream-mode"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.74 <code>FGETC</code> &mdash; Read a single character in stream mode</h3>
<a name="index-FGETC"></a>
<a name="index-read-character_002c-stream-mode-1"></a>
<a name="index-stream-mode_002c-read-character-1"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-read-character-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Read a single character in stream mode by bypassing normal formatted output. 
Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented (formatted or 
unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p>Note that the <code>FGET</code> intrinsic is provided for backwards compatibility
with <code>g77</code>.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream facility.
Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO feature in new code 
for future portability. See also <a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FGETC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default
kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a system specific positive
error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_fgetc
  INTEGER :: fd = 42, status
  CHARACTER :: c

  OPEN(UNIT=fd, FILE=&quot;/etc/passwd&quot;, ACTION=&quot;READ&quot;, STATUS = &quot;OLD&quot;)
  DO
    CALL fgetc(fd, c, status)
    IF (status /= 0) EXIT
    call fput(c)
  END DO
  CLOSE(UNIT=fd)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FGET">FGET</a>, <a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a>, <a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FLOOR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FLUSH" accesskey="n" rel="next">FLUSH</a>, Previous: <a href="#FGETC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FGETC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FLOOR-_002d_002d_002d-Integer-floor-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.75 <code>FLOOR</code> &mdash; Integer floor function</h3>
<a name="index-FLOOR"></a>
<a name="index-floor-1"></a>
<a name="index-rounding_002c-floor-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>FLOOR(A)</code> returns the greatest integer less than or equal to <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = FLOOR(A [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER(KIND)</code> if <var>KIND</var> is present
and of default-kind <code>INTEGER</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_floor
    real :: x = 63.29
    real :: y = -63.59
    print *, floor(x) ! returns 63
    print *, floor(y) ! returns -64
end program test_floor
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CEILING">CEILING</a>, <a href="#NINT">NINT</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FLUSH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FNUM" accesskey="n" rel="next">FNUM</a>, Previous: <a href="#FLOOR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FLOOR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FLUSH-_002d_002d_002d-Flush-I_002fO-unit_0028s_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.76 <code>FLUSH</code> &mdash; Flush I/O unit(s)</h3>
<a name="index-FLUSH"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-flush"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Flushes Fortran unit(s) currently open for output. Without the optional
argument, all units are flushed, otherwise just the unit specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FLUSH(UNIT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Note</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Beginning with the Fortran 2003 standard, there is a <code>FLUSH</code>
statement that should be preferred over the <code>FLUSH</code> intrinsic.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FNUM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FPUT" accesskey="n" rel="next">FPUT</a>, Previous: <a href="#FLUSH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FLUSH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FNUM-_002d_002d_002d-File-number-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.77 <code>FNUM</code> &mdash; File number function</h3>
<a name="index-FNUM"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-file-number"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>FNUM(UNIT)</code> returns the POSIX file descriptor number corresponding to the
open Fortran I/O unit <code>UNIT</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = FNUM(UNIT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_fnum
  integer :: i
  open (unit=10, status = &quot;scratch&quot;)
  i = fnum(10)
  print *, i
  close (10)
end program test_fnum
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FPUT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FPUTC" accesskey="n" rel="next">FPUTC</a>, Previous: <a href="#FNUM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FNUM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FPUT-_002d_002d_002d-Write-a-single-character-in-stream-mode-to-stdout"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.78 <code>FPUT</code> &mdash; Write a single character in stream mode to stdout</h3>
<a name="index-FPUT"></a>
<a name="index-write-character_002c-stream-mode"></a>
<a name="index-stream-mode_002c-write-character"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-write-character"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Write a single character in stream mode to stdout by bypassing normal 
formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented 
(formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p>Note that the <code>FGET</code> intrinsic is provided for backwards compatibility with 
<code>g77</code>.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream facility.
Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO feature in new code 
for future portability. See also <a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FPUT(C [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default
kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a system specific positive
error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_fput
  CHARACTER(len=10) :: str = &quot;gfortran&quot;
  INTEGER :: i
  DO i = 1, len_trim(str)
    CALL fput(str(i:i))
  END DO
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a>, <a href="#FGET">FGET</a>, <a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FPUTC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FRACTION" accesskey="n" rel="next">FRACTION</a>, Previous: <a href="#FPUT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FPUT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FPUTC-_002d_002d_002d-Write-a-single-character-in-stream-mode"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.79 <code>FPUTC</code> &mdash; Write a single character in stream mode</h3>
<a name="index-FPUTC"></a>
<a name="index-write-character_002c-stream-mode-1"></a>
<a name="index-stream-mode_002c-write-character-1"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-write-character-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Write a single character in stream mode by bypassing normal formatted 
output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented 
(formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
<p>Note that the <code>FGET</code> intrinsic is provided for backwards compatibility with 
<code>g77</code>.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream facility.
Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO feature in new code 
for future portability. See also <a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FPUTC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default
kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a system specific positive
error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_fputc
  CHARACTER(len=10) :: str = &quot;gfortran&quot;
  INTEGER :: fd = 42, i

  OPEN(UNIT = fd, FILE = &quot;out&quot;, ACTION = &quot;WRITE&quot;, STATUS=&quot;NEW&quot;)
  DO i = 1, len_trim(str)
    CALL fputc(fd, str(i:i))
  END DO
  CLOSE(fd)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a>, <a href="#FGET">FGET</a>, <a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FRACTION"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FREE" accesskey="n" rel="next">FREE</a>, Previous: <a href="#FPUTC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FPUTC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FRACTION-_002d_002d_002d-Fractional-part-of-the-model-representation"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.80 <code>FRACTION</code> &mdash; Fractional part of the model representation</h3>
<a name="index-FRACTION"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-fraction"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-fraction"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>FRACTION(X)</code> returns the fractional part of the model
representation of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>Y = FRACTION(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be a <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as the argument.
The fractional part of the model representation of <code>X</code> is returned;
it is <code>X * RADIX(X)**(-EXPONENT(X))</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_fraction
  real :: x
  x = 178.1387e-4
  print *, fraction(x), x * radix(x)**(-exponent(x))
end program test_fraction
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FREE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FSEEK" accesskey="n" rel="next">FSEEK</a>, Previous: <a href="#FRACTION" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FRACTION</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FREE-_002d_002d_002d-Frees-memory"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.81 <code>FREE</code> &mdash; Frees memory</h3>
<a name="index-FREE"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-cray"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Frees memory previously allocated by <code>MALLOC()</code>. The <code>FREE</code>
intrinsic is an extension intended to be used with Cray pointers, and is
provided in GNU Fortran to allow user to compile legacy code. For
new code using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory de-allocation intrinsic is
<code>DEALLOCATE</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FREE(PTR)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PTR</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>. It represents the
location of the memory that should be de-allocated.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>MALLOC</code> for an example.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MALLOC">MALLOC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FSEEK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FSTAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">FSTAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#FREE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FREE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FSEEK-_002d_002d_002d-Low-level-file-positioning-subroutine"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.82 <code>FSEEK</code> &mdash; Low level file positioning subroutine</h3>
<a name="index-FSEEK"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-seek"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-position"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Moves <var>UNIT</var> to the specified <var>OFFSET</var>. If <var>WHENCE</var> 
is set to 0, the <var>OFFSET</var> is taken as an absolute value <code>SEEK_SET</code>,
if set to 1, <var>OFFSET</var> is taken to be relative to the current position 
<code>SEEK_CUR</code>, and if set to 2 relative to the end of the file <code>SEEK_END</code>.
On error, <var>STATUS</var> is set to a nonzero value. If <var>STATUS</var> the seek 
fails silently.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is not fully backwards compatible with <code>g77</code>. 
In <code>g77</code>, the <code>FSEEK</code> takes a statement label instead of a 
<var>STATUS</var> variable. If FSEEK is used in old code, change
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE, *label)
</pre></div>
<p>to
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  INTEGER :: status
  CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE, status)
  IF (status /= 0) GOTO label
</pre></div>

<p>Please note that GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream facility.
Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO feature in new code 
for future portability. See also <a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE[, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>OFFSET</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>WHENCE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
Its value shall be either 0, 1 or 2.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type 
<code>INTEGER(4)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_fseek
  INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SEEK_SET = 0, SEEK_CUR = 1, SEEK_END = 2
  INTEGER :: fd, offset, ierr

  ierr   = 0
  offset = 5
  fd     = 10

  OPEN(UNIT=fd, FILE=&quot;fseek.test&quot;)
  CALL FSEEK(fd, offset, SEEK_SET, ierr)  ! move to OFFSET
  print *, FTELL(fd), ierr

  CALL FSEEK(fd, 0, SEEK_END, ierr)       ! move to end
  print *, FTELL(fd), ierr

  CALL FSEEK(fd, 0, SEEK_SET, ierr)       ! move to beginning
  print *, FTELL(fd), ierr

  CLOSE(UNIT=fd)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FTELL">FTELL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FSTAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#FTELL" accesskey="n" rel="next">FTELL</a>, Previous: <a href="#FSEEK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FSEEK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FSTAT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-file-status"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.83 <code>FSTAT</code> &mdash; Get file status</h3>
<a name="index-FSTAT"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-file-status"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>FSTAT</code> is identical to <a href="#STAT">STAT</a>, except that information about an 
already opened file is obtained.
</p>
<p>The elements in <code>BUFF</code> are the same as described by <a href="#STAT">STAT</a>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL FSTAT(UNIT, BUFF [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">An open I/O unit number of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BUFF</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>. Returns 0 
on success and a system specific error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#STAT">STAT</a> for an example.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>To stat a link: <a href="#LSTAT">LSTAT</a>, to stat a file: <a href="#STAT">STAT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="FTELL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GAMMA" accesskey="n" rel="next">GAMMA</a>, Previous: <a href="#FSTAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FSTAT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="FTELL-_002d_002d_002d-Current-stream-position"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.84 <code>FTELL</code> &mdash; Current stream position</h3>
<a name="index-FTELL"></a>
<a name="index-file-operation_002c-position-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Retrieves the current position within an open file.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL FTELL(UNIT, OFFSET)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>OFFSET = FTELL(UNIT)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>OFFSET</var></td><td width="70%">Shall of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">Shall of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>In either syntax, <var>OFFSET</var> is set to the current offset of unit
number <var>UNIT</var>, or to <em>-1</em> if the unit is not currently open.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_ftell
  INTEGER :: i
  OPEN(10, FILE=&quot;temp.dat&quot;)
  CALL ftell(10,i)
  WRITE(*,*) i
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FSEEK">FSEEK</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GAMMA"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GERROR" accesskey="n" rel="next">GERROR</a>, Previous: <a href="#FTELL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">FTELL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GAMMA-_002d_002d_002d-Gamma-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.85 <code>GAMMA</code> &mdash; Gamma function</h3>
<a name="index-GAMMA"></a>
<a name="index-DGAMMA"></a>
<a name="index-Gamma-function"></a>
<a name="index-Factorial-function"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>GAMMA(X)</code> computes Gamma (<em>\Gamma</em>) of <var>X</var>. For positive,
integer values of <var>X</var> the Gamma function simplifies to the factorial
function <em>\Gamma(x)=(x-1)!</em>.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>X = GAMMA(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code> and neither zero
nor a negative integer.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> of the same kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_gamma
  real :: x = 1.0
  x = gamma(x) ! returns 1.0
end program test_gamma
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>GAMMA(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU Extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DGAMMA(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU Extension</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Logarithm of the Gamma function: <a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">LOG_GAMMA</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GERROR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETARG" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETARG</a>, Previous: <a href="#GAMMA" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GAMMA</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GERROR-_002d_002d_002d-Get-last-system-error-message"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.86 <code>GERROR</code> &mdash; Get last system error message</h3>
<a name="index-GERROR"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-error-handling"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the system error message corresponding to the last system error.
This resembles the functionality of <code>strerror(3)</code> in C.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GERROR(RESULT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>RESULT</var></td><td width="70%">Shall of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_gerror
  CHARACTER(len=100) :: msg
  CALL gerror(msg)
  WRITE(*,*) msg
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IERRNO">IERRNO</a>, <a href="#PERROR">PERROR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETARG"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND" accesskey="n" rel="next">GET_COMMAND</a>, Previous: <a href="#GERROR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GERROR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETARG-_002d_002d_002d-Get-command-line-arguments"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.87 <code>GETARG</code> &mdash; Get command line arguments</h3>
<a name="index-GETARG"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments-1"></a>
<a name="index-arguments_002c-to-program-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Retrieve the <var>POS</var>-th argument that was passed on the
command line when the containing program was invoked.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with 
GNU Fortran 77.  In new code, programmers should consider the use of 
the <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a> intrinsic defined by the Fortran 2003 
standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GETARG(POS, VALUE)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>POS</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code> and not wider than
the default integer kind; <em><var>POS</var> \geq 0</em></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default
kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>After <code>GETARG</code> returns, the <var>VALUE</var> argument holds the
<var>POS</var>th command line argument. If <var>VALUE</var> can not hold the
argument, it is truncated to fit the length of <var>VALUE</var>. If there are
less than <var>POS</var> arguments specified at the command line, <var>VALUE</var>
will be filled with blanks. If <em><var>POS</var> = 0</em>, <var>VALUE</var> is set
to the name of the program (on systems that support this feature).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_getarg
  INTEGER :: i
  CHARACTER(len=32) :: arg

  DO i = 1, iargc()
    CALL getarg(i, arg)
    WRITE (*,*) arg
  END DO
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU Fortran 77 compatibility function: <a href="#IARGC">IARGC</a>
</p>
<p>Fortran 2003 functions and subroutines: <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a>,
<a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a>, <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GET_005fCOMMAND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT" accesskey="n" rel="next">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETARG" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETARG</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GET_005fCOMMAND-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-entire-command-line"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.88 <code>GET_COMMAND</code> &mdash; Get the entire command line</h3>
<a name="index-GET_005fCOMMAND"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments-2"></a>
<a name="index-arguments_002c-to-program-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Retrieve the entire command line that was used to invoke the program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GET_COMMAND(COMMAND)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>COMMAND</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default
kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Stores the entire command line that was used to invoke the program in
<var>COMMAND</var>. If <var>COMMAND</var> is not large enough, the command will be
truncated. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_get_command
  CHARACTER(len=255) :: cmd
  CALL get_command(cmd)
  WRITE (*,*) TRIM(cmd)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a>, <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETCWD" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETCWD</a>, Previous: <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GET_COMMAND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-command-line-arguments"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.89 <code>GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</code> &mdash; Get command line arguments</h3>
<a name="index-GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments-3"></a>
<a name="index-arguments_002c-to-program-3"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Retrieve the <var>NUMBER</var>-th argument that was passed on the
command line when the containing program was invoked.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT(NUMBER [, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NUMBER</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>,
<em><var>NUMBER</var> \geq 0</em></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code>
and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>LENGTH</var></td><td width="70%">(Option) Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Option) Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>After <code>GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</code> returns, the <var>VALUE</var> argument holds the 
<var>NUMBER</var>-th command line argument. If <var>VALUE</var> can not hold the argument, it is 
truncated to fit the length of <var>VALUE</var>. If there are less than <var>NUMBER</var>
arguments specified at the command line, <var>VALUE</var> will be filled with blanks. 
If <em><var>NUMBER</var> = 0</em>, <var>VALUE</var> is set to the name of the program (on
systems that support this feature). The <var>LENGTH</var> argument contains the
length of the <var>NUMBER</var>-th command line argument. If the argument retrieval
fails, <var>STATUS</var> is a positive number; if <var>VALUE</var> contains a truncated
command line argument, <var>STATUS</var> is -1; and otherwise the <var>STATUS</var> is
zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_get_command_argument
  INTEGER :: i
  CHARACTER(len=32) :: arg

  i = 0
  DO
    CALL get_command_argument(i, arg)
    IF (LEN_TRIM(arg) == 0) EXIT

    WRITE (*,*) TRIM(arg)
    i = i+1
  END DO
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a>, <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETCWD"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETENV" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETENV</a>, Previous: <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETCWD-_002d_002d_002d-Get-current-working-directory"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.90 <code>GETCWD</code> &mdash; Get current working directory</h3>
<a name="index-GETCWD"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-working-directory-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Get current working directory.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GETCWD(C [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag. Returns 0 on success, 
a system specific and nonzero error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_getcwd
  CHARACTER(len=255) :: cwd
  CALL getcwd(cwd)
  WRITE(*,*) TRIM(cwd)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CHDIR">CHDIR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETENV"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE" accesskey="n" rel="next">GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETCWD" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETCWD</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETENV-_002d_002d_002d-Get-an-environmental-variable"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.91 <code>GETENV</code> &mdash; Get an environmental variable</h3>
<a name="index-GETENV"></a>
<a name="index-environment-variable-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Get the <var>VALUE</var> of the environmental variable <var>NAME</var>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with 
GNU Fortran 77.  In new code, programmers should consider the use of 
the <a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE">GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</a> intrinsic defined by the Fortran
2003 standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GETENV(NAME, VALUE)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Stores the value of <var>NAME</var> in <var>VALUE</var>. If <var>VALUE</var> is 
not large enough to hold the data, it is truncated. If <var>NAME</var>
is not set, <var>VALUE</var> will be filled with blanks.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_getenv
  CHARACTER(len=255) :: homedir
  CALL getenv(&quot;HOME&quot;, homedir)
  WRITE (*,*) TRIM(homedir)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE">GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETGID" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETGID</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETENV" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETENV</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE-_002d_002d_002d-Get-an-environmental-variable"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.92 <code>GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</code> &mdash; Get an environmental variable</h3>
<a name="index-GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE"></a>
<a name="index-environment-variable-3"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Get the <var>VALUE</var> of the environmental variable <var>NAME</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE(NAME[, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS, TRIM_NAME)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>CHARACTER(1)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>CHARACTER(1)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>LENGTH</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TRIM_NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>LOGICAL(4)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Stores the value of <var>NAME</var> in <var>VALUE</var>. If <var>VALUE</var> is 
not large enough to hold the data, it is truncated. If <var>NAME</var>
is not set, <var>VALUE</var> will be filled with blanks. Argument <var>LENGTH</var>
contains the length needed for storing the environment variable <var>NAME</var>
or zero if it is not present. <var>STATUS</var> is -1 if <var>VALUE</var> is present
but too short for the environment variable; it is 1 if the environment
variable does not exist and 2 if the processor does not support environment
variables; in all other cases <var>STATUS</var> is zero. If <var>TRIM_NAME</var> is
present with the value <code>.FALSE.</code>, the trailing blanks in <var>NAME</var>
are significant; otherwise they are not part of the environment variable
name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_getenv
  CHARACTER(len=255) :: homedir
  CALL get_environment_variable(&quot;HOME&quot;, homedir)
  WRITE (*,*) TRIM(homedir)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETGID"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETLOG" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETLOG</a>, Previous: <a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETGID-_002d_002d_002d-Group-ID-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.93 <code>GETGID</code> &mdash; Group ID function</h3>
<a name="index-GETGID"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-group-id"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the numerical group ID of the current process.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = GETGID()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value of <code>GETGID</code> is an <code>INTEGER</code> of the default
kind.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>GETPID</code> for an example.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GETPID">GETPID</a>, <a href="#GETUID">GETUID</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETLOG"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETPID" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETPID</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETGID" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETGID</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETLOG-_002d_002d_002d-Get-login-name"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.94 <code>GETLOG</code> &mdash; Get login name</h3>
<a name="index-GETLOG"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-login-name"></a>
<a name="index-login-name"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Gets the username under which the program is running.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GETLOG(C)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Stores the current user name in <var>LOGIN</var>.  (On systems where POSIX
functions <code>geteuid</code> and <code>getpwuid</code> are not available, and 
the <code>getlogin</code> function is not implemented either, this will
return a blank string.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM TEST_GETLOG
  CHARACTER(32) :: login
  CALL GETLOG(login)
  WRITE(*,*) login
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GETUID">GETUID</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETPID"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GETUID" accesskey="n" rel="next">GETUID</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETLOG" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETLOG</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETPID-_002d_002d_002d-Process-ID-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.95 <code>GETPID</code> &mdash; Process ID function</h3>
<a name="index-GETPID"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-process-id"></a>
<a name="index-process-id"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the numerical process identifier of the current process.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = GETPID()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value of <code>GETPID</code> is an <code>INTEGER</code> of the default
kind.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program info
  print *, &quot;The current process ID is &quot;, getpid()
  print *, &quot;Your numerical user ID is &quot;, getuid()
  print *, &quot;Your numerical group ID is &quot;, getgid()
end program info
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GETGID">GETGID</a>, <a href="#GETUID">GETUID</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GETUID"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GMTIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">GMTIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETPID" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETPID</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GETUID-_002d_002d_002d-User-ID-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.96 <code>GETUID</code> &mdash; User ID function</h3>
<a name="index-GETUID"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-user-id"></a>
<a name="index-user-id"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the numerical user ID of the current process.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = GETUID()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value of <code>GETUID</code> is an <code>INTEGER</code> of the default
kind.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>GETPID</code> for an example.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#GETPID">GETPID</a>, <a href="#GETLOG">GETLOG</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="GMTIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#HOSTNM" accesskey="n" rel="next">HOSTNM</a>, Previous: <a href="#GETUID" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GETUID</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GMTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-time-to-GMT-info"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.97 <code>GMTIME</code> &mdash; Convert time to GMT info</h3>
<a name="index-GMTIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-conversion-to-GMT-info"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Given a system time value <var>TIME</var> (as provided by the <code>TIME8()</code>
intrinsic), fills <var>VALUES</var> with values extracted from it appropriate
to the UTC time zone (Universal Coordinated Time, also known in some
countries as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time), using <code>gmtime(3)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL GMTIME(TIME, VALUES)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TIME</var></td><td width="70%">An <code>INTEGER</code> scalar expression
corresponding to a system time, with <code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUES</var></td><td width="70%">A default <code>INTEGER</code> array with 9 elements,
with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The elements of <var>VALUES</var> are assigned as follows:
</p><ol>
<li> Seconds after the minute, range 0&ndash;59 or 0&ndash;61 to allow for leap
seconds
</li><li> Minutes after the hour, range 0&ndash;59
</li><li> Hours past midnight, range 0&ndash;23
</li><li> Day of month, range 0&ndash;31
</li><li> Number of months since January, range 0&ndash;12
</li><li> Years since 1900
</li><li> Number of days since Sunday, range 0&ndash;6
</li><li> Days since January 1
</li><li> Daylight savings indicator: positive if daylight savings is in
effect, zero if not, and negative if the information is not available.
</li></ol>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a>, <a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a>, <a href="#TIME">TIME</a>, <a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="HOSTNM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#HUGE" accesskey="n" rel="next">HUGE</a>, Previous: <a href="#GMTIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GMTIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="HOSTNM-_002d_002d_002d-Get-system-host-name"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.98 <code>HOSTNM</code> &mdash; Get system host name</h3>
<a name="index-HOSTNM"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-host-name"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Retrieves the host name of the system on which the program is running.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL HOSTNM(C [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = HOSTNM(NAME)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">Shall of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of default kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER</code>.
Returns 0 on success, or a system specific error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>In either syntax, <var>NAME</var> is set to the current hostname if it can
be obtained, or to a blank string otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="HUGE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#HYPOT" accesskey="n" rel="next">HYPOT</a>, Previous: <a href="#HOSTNM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">HOSTNM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="HUGE-_002d_002d_002d-Largest-number-of-a-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.99 <code>HUGE</code> &mdash; Largest number of a kind</h3>
<a name="index-HUGE"></a>
<a name="index-limits_002c-largest-number"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-largest-number"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>HUGE(X)</code> returns the largest number that is not an infinity in
the model of the type of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = HUGE(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code> or <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as <var>X</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_huge_tiny
  print *, huge(0), huge(0.0), huge(0.0d0)
  print *, tiny(0.0), tiny(0.0d0)
end program test_huge_tiny
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="HYPOT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IACHAR" accesskey="n" rel="next">IACHAR</a>, Previous: <a href="#HUGE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">HUGE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="HYPOT-_002d_002d_002d-Euclidean-distance-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.100 <code>HYPOT</code> &mdash; Euclidean distance function</h3>
<a name="index-HYPOT"></a>
<a name="index-Euclidean-distance"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>HYPOT(X,Y)</code> is the Euclidean distance function. It is equal to
<em>\sqrt{X^2 + Y^2}</em>, without undue underflow or overflow.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = HYPOT(X, Y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type and kind type parameter shall be the same as
<var>X</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_hypot
  real(4) :: x = 1.e0_4, y = 0.5e0_4
  x = hypot(x,y)
end program test_hypot
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IACHAR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IAND" accesskey="n" rel="next">IAND</a>, Previous: <a href="#HYPOT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">HYPOT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IACHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Code-in-ASCII-collating-sequence"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.101 <code>IACHAR</code> &mdash; Code in <acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence</h3>
<a name="index-IACHAR"></a>
<a name="index-ASCII-collating-sequence-1"></a>
<a name="index-collating-sequence_002c-ASCII-1"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IACHAR(C)</code> returns the code for the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> character
in the first character position of <code>C</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IACHAR(C [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>CHARACTER</code>, with <code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_iachar
  integer i
  i = iachar(' ')
end program test_iachar
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Note</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a> for a discussion of converting between numerical values
and formatted string representations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ACHAR">ACHAR</a>, <a href="#CHAR">CHAR</a>, <a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IAND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IARGC" accesskey="n" rel="next">IARGC</a>, Previous: <a href="#IACHAR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IACHAR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IAND-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-and"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.102 <code>IAND</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical and</h3>
<a name="index-IAND"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-and-1"></a>
<a name="index-logical-and_002c-bitwise-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Bitwise logical <code>AND</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IAND(I, J)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>J</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same
kind as <var>I</var>.  (As a GNU extension, different kinds are also 
permitted.)</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same kind as the
arguments.  (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as
the larger argument.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_iand
  INTEGER :: a, b
  DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /
  WRITE (*,*) IAND(a, b)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>, <a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>, <a href="#NOT">NOT</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IARGC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IBCLR" accesskey="n" rel="next">IBCLR</a>, Previous: <a href="#IAND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IAND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IARGC-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-number-of-command-line-arguments"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.103 <code>IARGC</code> &mdash; Get the number of command line arguments</h3>
<a name="index-IARGC"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments-4"></a>
<a name="index-command_002dline-arguments_002c-number-of-1"></a>
<a name="index-arguments_002c-to-program-4"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IARGC()</code> returns the number of arguments passed on the
command line when the containing program was invoked.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with 
GNU Fortran 77.  In new code, programmers should consider the use of 
the <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a> intrinsic defined by the Fortran 2003 
standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IARGC()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The number of command line arguments, type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#GETARG">GETARG</a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU Fortran 77 compatibility subroutine: <a href="#GETARG">GETARG</a>
</p>
<p>Fortran 2003 functions and subroutines: <a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a>,
<a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a>, <a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IBCLR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IBITS" accesskey="n" rel="next">IBITS</a>, Previous: <a href="#IARGC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IARGC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IBCLR-_002d_002d_002d-Clear-bit"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.104 <code>IBCLR</code> &mdash; Clear bit</h3>
<a name="index-IBCLR"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-unset"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-clear"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IBCLR</code> returns the value of <var>I</var> with the bit at position
<var>POS</var> set to zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IBCLR(I, POS)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>POS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>, <a href="#MVBITS">MVBITS</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IBITS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IBSET" accesskey="n" rel="next">IBSET</a>, Previous: <a href="#IBCLR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IBCLR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IBITS-_002d_002d_002d-Bit-extraction"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.105 <code>IBITS</code> &mdash; Bit extraction</h3>
<a name="index-IBITS"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-get"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-extract"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IBITS</code> extracts a field of length <var>LEN</var> from <var>I</var>,
starting from bit position <var>POS</var> and extending left for <var>LEN</var>
bits.  The result is right-justified and the remaining bits are
zeroed.  The value of <code>POS+LEN</code> must be less than or equal to the
value <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IBITS(I, POS, LEN)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>POS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>LEN</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#BIT_005fSIZE">BIT_SIZE</a>, <a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IBSET"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ICHAR" accesskey="n" rel="next">ICHAR</a>, Previous: <a href="#IBITS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IBITS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IBSET-_002d_002d_002d-Set-bit"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.106 <code>IBSET</code> &mdash; Set bit</h3>
<a name="index-IBSET"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-set"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IBSET</code> returns the value of <var>I</var> with the bit at position
<var>POS</var> set to one.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IBSET(I, POS)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>POS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>, <a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>, <a href="#MVBITS">MVBITS</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ICHAR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IDATE" accesskey="n" rel="next">IDATE</a>, Previous: <a href="#IBSET" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IBSET</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ICHAR-_002d_002d_002d-Character_002dto_002dinteger-conversion-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.107 <code>ICHAR</code> &mdash; Character-to-integer conversion function</h3>
<a name="index-ICHAR"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ICHAR(C)</code> returns the code for the character in the first character
position of <code>C</code> in the system&rsquo;s native character set.
The correspondence between characters and their codes is not necessarily
the same across different GNU Fortran implementations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortan 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ICHAR(C [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>CHARACTER</code>, with <code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_ichar
  integer i
  i = ichar(' ')
end program test_ichar
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Note</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>No intrinsic exists to convert between a numeric value and a formatted
character string representation &ndash; for instance, given the
<code>CHARACTER</code> value <code>'154'</code>, obtaining an <code>INTEGER</code> or
<code>REAL</code> value with the value 154, or vice versa. Instead, this
functionality is provided by internal-file I/O, as in the following
example:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program read_val
  integer value
  character(len=10) string, string2
  string = '154'
  
  ! Convert a string to a numeric value
  read (string,'(I10)') value
  print *, value
  
  ! Convert a value to a formatted string
  write (string2,'(I10)') value
  print *, string2
end program read_val
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ACHAR">ACHAR</a>, <a href="#CHAR">CHAR</a>, <a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IDATE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IEOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">IEOR</a>, Previous: <a href="#ICHAR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ICHAR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IDATE-_002d_002d_002d-Get-current-local-time-subroutine-_0028day_002fmonth_002fyear_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.108 <code>IDATE</code> &mdash; Get current local time subroutine (day/month/year)</h3>
<a name="index-IDATE"></a>
<a name="index-date_002c-current-2"></a>
<a name="index-current-date-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IDATE(TARRAY)</code> Fills <var>TARRAY</var> with the numerical values at the  
current local time. The day (in the range 1-31), month (in the range 1-12), 
and year appear in elements 1, 2, and 3 of <var>TARRAY</var>, respectively. 
The year has four significant digits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL IDATE(VALUES)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUES</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)</code> and
the kind shall be the default integer kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Does not return anything.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_idate
  integer, dimension(3) :: tarray
  call idate(tarray)
  print *, tarray(1)
  print *, tarray(2)
  print *, tarray(3)
end program test_idate
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IEOR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IERRNO" accesskey="n" rel="next">IERRNO</a>, Previous: <a href="#IDATE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IDATE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IEOR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-exclusive-or"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.109 <code>IEOR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical exclusive or</h3>
<a name="index-IEOR"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-exclusive-or"></a>
<a name="index-logical-exclusive-or_002c-bitwise"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IEOR</code> returns the bitwise boolean exclusive-OR of <var>I</var> and
<var>J</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IEOR(I, J)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>J</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same
kind as <var>I</var>.  (As a GNU extension, different kinds are also 
permitted.)</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same kind as the
arguments.  (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as
the larger argument.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>, <a href="#NOT">NOT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IERRNO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#INDEX-intrinsic" accesskey="n" rel="next">INDEX intrinsic</a>, Previous: <a href="#IEOR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IEOR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IERRNO-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-last-system-error-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.110 <code>IERRNO</code> &mdash; Get the last system error number</h3>
<a name="index-IERRNO"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-error-handling-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the last system error number, as given by the C <code>errno()</code>
function.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IERRNO()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default integer
kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#PERROR">PERROR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="INDEX-intrinsic"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#INT" accesskey="n" rel="next">INT</a>, Previous: <a href="#IERRNO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IERRNO</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="INDEX-_002d_002d_002d-Position-of-a-substring-within-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.111 <code>INDEX</code> &mdash; Position of a substring within a string</h3>
<a name="index-INDEX"></a>
<a name="index-substring-position"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-find-substring"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the position of the start of the first occurrence of string
<var>SUBSTRING</var> as a substring in <var>STRING</var>, counting from one.  If
<var>SUBSTRING</var> is not present in <var>STRING</var>, zero is returned.  If 
the <var>BACK</var> argument is present and true, the return value is the
start of the last occurrence rather than the first.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = INDEX(STRING, SUBSTRING [, BACK [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>CHARACTER</code>, with
<code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SUBSTRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>CHARACTER</code>, with
<code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BACK</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar <code>LOGICAL</code>, with
<code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SCAN">SCAN</a>, <a href="#VERIFY">VERIFY</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="INT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#INT2" accesskey="n" rel="next">INT2</a>, Previous: <a href="#INDEX-intrinsic" accesskey="p" rel="prev">INDEX intrinsic</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="INT-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-integer-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.112 <code>INT</code> &mdash; Convert to integer type</h3>
<a name="index-INT"></a>
<a name="index-IFIX"></a>
<a name="index-IDINT"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer-3"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Convert to integer type
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = INT(A [, KIND))</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>These functions return a <code>INTEGER</code> variable or array under 
the following rules: 
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>(A)</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>A</var> is of type <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>INT(A) = A</code> 
</p></dd>
<dt>(B)</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>A</var> is of type <code>REAL</code> and <em>|A| &lt; 1</em>, <code>INT(A)</code> equals <code>0</code>. 
If <em>|A| \geq 1</em>, then <code>INT(A)</code> equals the largest integer that does not exceed 
the range of <var>A</var> and whose sign is the same as the sign of <var>A</var>.
</p></dd>
<dt>(C)</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>A</var> is of type <code>COMPLEX</code>, rule B is applied to the real part of <var>A</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_int
  integer :: i = 42
  complex :: z = (-3.7, 1.0)
  print *, int(i)
  print *, int(z), int(z,8)
end program
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>IFIX(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4) A</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>IDINT(A)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) A</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="INT2"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#INT8" accesskey="n" rel="next">INT8</a>, Previous: <a href="#INT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">INT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="INT2-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-16_002dbit-integer-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.113 <code>INT2</code> &mdash; Convert to 16-bit integer type</h3>
<a name="index-INT2"></a>
<a name="index-SHORT"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer-4"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Convert to a <code>KIND=2</code> integer type. This is equivalent to the
standard <code>INT</code> intrinsic with an optional argument of
<code>KIND=2</code>, and is only included for backwards compatibility.
</p>
<p>The <code>SHORT</code> intrinsic is equivalent to <code>INT2</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = INT2(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a <code>INTEGER(2)</code> variable.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#INT">INT</a>, <a href="#INT8">INT8</a>, <a href="#LONG">LONG</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="INT8"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">IOR</a>, Previous: <a href="#INT2" accesskey="p" rel="prev">INT2</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="INT8-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-64_002dbit-integer-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.114 <code>INT8</code> &mdash; Convert to 64-bit integer type</h3>
<a name="index-INT8"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer-5"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Convert to a <code>KIND=8</code> integer type. This is equivalent to the
standard <code>INT</code> intrinsic with an optional argument of
<code>KIND=8</code>, and is only included for backwards compatibility.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = INT8(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a <code>INTEGER(8)</code> variable.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#INT">INT</a>, <a href="#INT2">INT2</a>, <a href="#LONG">LONG</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IOR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IRAND" accesskey="n" rel="next">IRAND</a>, Previous: <a href="#INT8" accesskey="p" rel="prev">INT8</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IOR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-or"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.115 <code>IOR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical or</h3>
<a name="index-IOR"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-or"></a>
<a name="index-logical-or_002c-bitwise"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IOR</code> returns the bitwise boolean inclusive-OR of <var>I</var> and
<var>J</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IOR(I, J)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>J</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same
kind as <var>I</var>.  (As a GNU extension, different kinds are also 
permitted.)</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same kind as the
arguments.  (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as
the larger argument.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>, <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>, <a href="#NOT">NOT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IRAND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND" accesskey="n" rel="next">IS_IOSTAT_END</a>, Previous: <a href="#IOR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IOR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IRAND-_002d_002d_002d-Integer-pseudo_002drandom-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.116 <code>IRAND</code> &mdash; Integer pseudo-random number</h3>
<a name="index-IRAND"></a>
<a name="index-random-number-generation"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IRAND(FLAG)</code> returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform
distribution between 0 and a system-dependent limit (which is in most
cases 2147483647). If <var>FLAG</var> is 0, the next number
in the current sequence is returned; if <var>FLAG</var> is 1, the generator
is restarted by <code>CALL SRAND(0)</code>; if <var>FLAG</var> has any other value,
it is used as a new seed with <code>SRAND</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as provided 
by <code>g77</code>. For new code, one should consider the use of 
<a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a> as it implements a superior algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IRAND(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code> of kind 4.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of <code>INTEGER(kind=4)</code> type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_irand
  integer,parameter :: seed = 86456
  
  call srand(seed)
  print *, irand(), irand(), irand(), irand()
  print *, irand(seed), irand(), irand(), irand()
end program test_irand
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">IS_IOSTAT_EOR</a>, Previous: <a href="#IRAND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IRAND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND-_002d_002d_002d-Test-for-end_002dof_002dfile-value"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.117 <code>IS_IOSTAT_END</code> &mdash; Test for end-of-file value</h3>
<a name="index-IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND"></a>
<a name="index-IOSTAT_002c-end-of-file"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IS_IOSTAT_END</code> tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O
status &ldquo;end of file&rdquo;. The function is equivalent to comparing the variable
with the <code>IOSTAT_END</code> parameter of the intrinsic module
<code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_END(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of the type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <code>LOGICAL</code> of the default kind, which <code>.TRUE.</code> if
<var>I</var> has the value which indicates an end of file condition for
IOSTAT= specifiers, and is <code>.FALSE.</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM iostat
  IMPLICIT NONE
  INTEGER :: stat, i
  OPEN(88, FILE='test.dat')
  READ(88, *, IOSTAT=stat) i
  IF(IS_IOSTAT_END(stat)) STOP 'END OF FILE'
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ISATTY" accesskey="n" rel="next">ISATTY</a>, Previous: <a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IS_IOSTAT_END</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR-_002d_002d_002d-Test-for-end_002dof_002drecord-value"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.118 <code>IS_IOSTAT_EOR</code> &mdash; Test for end-of-record value</h3>
<a name="index-IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR"></a>
<a name="index-IOSTAT_002c-end-of-record"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IS_IOSTAT_EOR</code> tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O
status &ldquo;end of record&rdquo;. The function is equivalent to comparing the
variable with the <code>IOSTAT_EOR</code> parameter of the intrinsic module
<code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_EOR(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of the type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <code>LOGICAL</code> of the default kind, which <code>.TRUE.</code> if
<var>I</var> has the value which indicates an end of file condition for
IOSTAT= specifiers, and is <code>.FALSE.</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM iostat
  IMPLICIT NONE
  INTEGER :: stat, i(50)
  OPEN(88, FILE='test.dat', FORM='UNFORMATTED')
  READ(88, IOSTAT=stat) i
  IF(IS_IOSTAT_EOR(stat)) STOP 'END OF RECORD'
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ISATTY"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ISHFT" accesskey="n" rel="next">ISHFT</a>, Previous: <a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IS_IOSTAT_EOR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ISATTY-_002d_002d_002d-Whether-a-unit-is-a-terminal-device_002e"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.119 <code>ISATTY</code> &mdash; Whether a unit is a terminal device.</h3>
<a name="index-ISATTY"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-terminal"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determine whether a unit is connected to a terminal device.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ISATTY(UNIT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code>.TRUE.</code> if the <var>UNIT</var> is connected to a terminal 
device, <code>.FALSE.</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_isatty
  INTEGER(kind=1) :: unit
  DO unit = 1, 10
    write(*,*) isatty(unit=unit)
  END DO
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#TTYNAM">TTYNAM</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ISHFT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ISHFTC" accesskey="n" rel="next">ISHFTC</a>, Previous: <a href="#ISATTY" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ISATTY</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ISHFT-_002d_002d_002d-Shift-bits"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.120 <code>ISHFT</code> &mdash; Shift bits</h3>
<a name="index-ISHFT"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-shift"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ISHFT</code> returns a value corresponding to <var>I</var> with all of the
bits shifted <var>SHIFT</var> places.  A value of <var>SHIFT</var> greater than
zero corresponds to a left shift, a value of zero corresponds to no
shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to a right shift.  If the
absolute value of <var>SHIFT</var> is greater than <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>, the
value is undefined.  Bits shifted out from the left end or right end are
lost; zeros are shifted in from the opposite end.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ISHFT(I, SHIFT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHIFT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ISHFTC">ISHFTC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ISHFTC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ISNAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">ISNAN</a>, Previous: <a href="#ISHFT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ISHFT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ISHFTC-_002d_002d_002d-Shift-bits-circularly"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.121 <code>ISHFTC</code> &mdash; Shift bits circularly</h3>
<a name="index-ISHFTC"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-shift-circular"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ISHFTC</code> returns a value corresponding to <var>I</var> with the
rightmost <var>SIZE</var> bits shifted circularly <var>SHIFT</var> places; that
is, bits shifted out one end are shifted into the opposite end.  A value
of <var>SHIFT</var> greater than zero corresponds to a left shift, a value of
zero corresponds to no shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to
a right shift.  The absolute value of <var>SHIFT</var> must be less than
<var>SIZE</var>.  If the <var>SIZE</var> argument is omitted, it is taken to be
equivalent to <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = ISHFTC(I, SHIFT [, SIZE])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHIFT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SIZE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>;
the value must be greater than zero and less than or equal to
<code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ISHFT">ISHFT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ISNAN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#ITIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">ITIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#ISHFTC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ISHFTC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ISNAN-_002d_002d_002d-Test-for-a-NaN"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.122 <code>ISNAN</code> &mdash; Test for a NaN</h3>
<a name="index-ISNAN"></a>
<a name="index-IEEE_002c-ISNAN"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ISNAN</code> tests whether a floating-point value is an IEEE
Not-a-Number (NaN).
</p></dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>ISNAN(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Variable of the type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a default-kind <code>LOGICAL</code>. The returned value is <code>TRUE</code>
if <var>X</var> is a NaN and <code>FALSE</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_nan
  implicit none
  real :: x
  x = -1.0
  x = sqrt(x)
  if (isnan(x)) stop '&quot;x&quot; is a NaN'
end program test_nan
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="ITIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#KILL" accesskey="n" rel="next">KILL</a>, Previous: <a href="#ISNAN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ISNAN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="ITIME-_002d_002d_002d-Get-current-local-time-subroutine-_0028hour_002fminutes_002fseconds_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.123 <code>ITIME</code> &mdash; Get current local time subroutine (hour/minutes/seconds)</h3>
<a name="index-ITIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-current-2"></a>
<a name="index-current-time-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>IDATE(VALUES)</code> Fills <var>VALUES</var> with the numerical values at the  
current local time. The hour (in the range 1-24), minute (in the range 1-60), 
and seconds (in the range 1-60) appear in elements 1, 2, and 3 of <var>VALUES</var>, 
respectively.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL ITIME(VALUES)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUES</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)</code>
and the kind shall be the default integer kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Does not return anything.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_itime
  integer, dimension(3) :: tarray
  call itime(tarray)
  print *, tarray(1)
  print *, tarray(2)
  print *, tarray(3)
end program test_itime
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="KILL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#KIND" accesskey="n" rel="next">KIND</a>, Previous: <a href="#ITIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ITIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="KILL-_002d_002d_002d-Send-a-signal-to-a-process"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.124 <code>KILL</code> &mdash; Send a signal to a process</h3>
<a name="index-KILL"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Sends the signal specified by <var>SIGNAL</var> to the process <var>PID</var>.
See <code>kill(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL KILL(C, VALUE [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>, with
<code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VALUE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>, with
<code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code> or
<code>INTEGER(8)</code>. Returns 0 on success, or a system-specific error code
otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ABORT">ABORT</a>, <a href="#EXIT">EXIT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="KIND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LBOUND" accesskey="n" rel="next">LBOUND</a>, Previous: <a href="#KILL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">KILL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="KIND-_002d_002d_002d-Kind-of-an-entity"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.125 <code>KIND</code> &mdash; Kind of an entity</h3>
<a name="index-KIND"></a>
<a name="index-kind-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>KIND(X)</code> returns the kind value of the entity <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>K = KIND(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>LOGICAL</code>, <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, <code>COMPLEX</code> or <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default
integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_kind
  integer,parameter :: kc = kind(' ')
  integer,parameter :: kl = kind(.true.)

  print *, &quot;The default character kind is &quot;, kc
  print *, &quot;The default logical kind is &quot;, kl
end program test_kind
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LBOUND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LEADZ" accesskey="n" rel="next">LEADZ</a>, Previous: <a href="#KIND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">KIND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LBOUND-_002d_002d_002d-Lower-dimension-bounds-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.126 <code>LBOUND</code> &mdash; Lower dimension bounds of an array</h3>
<a name="index-LBOUND"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-lower-bound"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the lower bounds of an array, or a single lower bound
along the <var>DIM</var> dimension.
</p></dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array, of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
If <var>DIM</var> is absent, the result is an array of the lower bounds of
<var>ARRAY</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, the result is a scalar
corresponding to the lower bound of the array along that dimension.  If
<var>ARRAY</var> is an expression rather than a whole array or array
structure component, or if it has a zero extent along the relevant
dimension, the lower bound is taken to be 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#UBOUND">UBOUND</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LEADZ"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LEN" accesskey="n" rel="next">LEN</a>, Previous: <a href="#LBOUND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LBOUND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LEADZ-_002d_002d_002d-Number-of-leading-zero-bits-of-an-integer"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.127 <code>LEADZ</code> &mdash; Number of leading zero bits of an integer</h3>
<a name="index-LEADZ"></a>
<a name="index-zero-bits"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LEADZ</code> returns the number of leading zero bits of an integer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LEADZ(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The type of the return value is the default <code>INTEGER</code>.
If all the bits of <code>I</code> are zero, the result value is <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_leadz
  WRITE (*,*) LEADZ(1)  ! prints 8 if BITSIZE(I) has the value 32
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#BIT_005fSIZE">BIT_SIZE</a>, <a href="#TRAILZ">TRAILZ</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LEN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LEN_005fTRIM" accesskey="n" rel="next">LEN_TRIM</a>, Previous: <a href="#LEADZ" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LEADZ</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LEN-_002d_002d_002d-Length-of-a-character-entity"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.128 <code>LEN</code> &mdash; Length of a character entity</h3>
<a name="index-LEN"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-length"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the length of a character string.  If <var>STRING</var> is an array,
the length of an element of <var>STRING</var> is returned.  Note that
<var>STRING</var> need not be defined when this intrinsic is invoked, since
only the length, not the content, of <var>STRING</var> is needed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>L = LEN(STRING [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or array of type
<code>CHARACTER</code>, with <code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LEN_005fTRIM">LEN_TRIM</a>, <a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a>, <a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LEN_005fTRIM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LGE" accesskey="n" rel="next">LGE</a>, Previous: <a href="#LEN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LEN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LEN_005fTRIM-_002d_002d_002d-Length-of-a-character-entity-without-trailing-blank-characters"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.129 <code>LEN_TRIM</code> &mdash; Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters</h3>
<a name="index-LEN_005fTRIM"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-length_002c-without-trailing-whitespace"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the length of a character string, ignoring any trailing blanks.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LEN_TRIM(STRING [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code>,
with <code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LEN">LEN</a>, <a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a>, <a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LGE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LGT" accesskey="n" rel="next">LGT</a>, Previous: <a href="#LEN_005fTRIM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LEN_TRIM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LGE-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-greater-than-or-equal"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.130 <code>LGE</code> &mdash; Lexical greater than or equal</h3>
<a name="index-LGE"></a>
<a name="index-lexical-comparison-of-strings"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-comparison"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines whether one string is lexically greater than or equal to
another string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing
ASCII character codes.  If the String A and String B are not the same
length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to form
a value that has the same length as the longer.
</p>
<p>In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics <code>LGE</code>, <code>LGT</code>,
<code>LLE</code>, and <code>LLT</code> differ from the corresponding intrinsic
operators <code>.GE.</code>, <code>.GT.</code>, <code>.LE.</code>, and <code>.LT.</code>, in
that the latter use the processor&rsquo;s character ordering (which is not
ASCII on some targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII
ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LGE(STRING_A, STRING_B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_B</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code>.TRUE.</code> if <code>STRING_A &gt;= STRING_B</code>, and <code>.FALSE.</code>
otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LGT">LGT</a>, <a href="#LLE">LLE</a>, <a href="#LLT">LLT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LGT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LINK" accesskey="n" rel="next">LINK</a>, Previous: <a href="#LGE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LGE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LGT-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-greater-than"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.131 <code>LGT</code> &mdash; Lexical greater than</h3>
<a name="index-LGT"></a>
<a name="index-lexical-comparison-of-strings-1"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-comparison-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines whether one string is lexically greater than another string,
where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII character
codes.  If the String A and String B are not the same length, the
shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to form a value
that has the same length as the longer.
</p>
<p>In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics <code>LGE</code>, <code>LGT</code>,
<code>LLE</code>, and <code>LLT</code> differ from the corresponding intrinsic
operators <code>.GE.</code>, <code>.GT.</code>, <code>.LE.</code>, and <code>.LT.</code>, in
that the latter use the processor&rsquo;s character ordering (which is not
ASCII on some targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII
ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LGT(STRING_A, STRING_B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_B</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code>.TRUE.</code> if <code>STRING_A &gt; STRING_B</code>, and <code>.FALSE.</code>
otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LGE">LGE</a>, <a href="#LLE">LLE</a>, <a href="#LLT">LLT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LINK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LLE" accesskey="n" rel="next">LLE</a>, Previous: <a href="#LGT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LGT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LINK-_002d_002d_002d-Create-a-hard-link"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.132 <code>LINK</code> &mdash; Create a hard link</h3>
<a name="index-LINK"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-create-link"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-hard-link"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Makes a (hard) link from file <var>PATH1</var> to <var>PATH2</var>. A null
character (<code>CHAR(0)</code>) can be used to mark the end of the names in
<var>PATH1</var> and <var>PATH2</var>; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file
names are ignored.  If the <var>STATUS</var> argument is supplied, it
contains 0 on success or a nonzero error code upon return; see
<code>link(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL LINK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = LINK(PATH1, PATH2)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH1</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH2</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be of default <code>INTEGER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SYMLNK">SYMLNK</a>, <a href="#UNLINK">UNLINK</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LLE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LLT" accesskey="n" rel="next">LLT</a>, Previous: <a href="#LINK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LINK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LLE-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-less-than-or-equal"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.133 <code>LLE</code> &mdash; Lexical less than or equal</h3>
<a name="index-LLE"></a>
<a name="index-lexical-comparison-of-strings-2"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-comparison-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines whether one string is lexically less than or equal to another
string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII
character codes.  If the String A and String B are not the same length,
the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to form a value
that has the same length as the longer.
</p>
<p>In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics <code>LGE</code>, <code>LGT</code>,
<code>LLE</code>, and <code>LLT</code> differ from the corresponding intrinsic
operators <code>.GE.</code>, <code>.GT.</code>, <code>.LE.</code>, and <code>.LT.</code>, in
that the latter use the processor&rsquo;s character ordering (which is not
ASCII on some targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII
ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LLE(STRING_A, STRING_B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_B</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code>.TRUE.</code> if <code>STRING_A &lt;= STRING_B</code>, and <code>.FALSE.</code>
otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LGE">LGE</a>, <a href="#LGT">LGT</a>, <a href="#LLT">LLT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LLT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LNBLNK" accesskey="n" rel="next">LNBLNK</a>, Previous: <a href="#LLE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LLE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LLT-_002d_002d_002d-Lexical-less-than"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.134 <code>LLT</code> &mdash; Lexical less than</h3>
<a name="index-LLT"></a>
<a name="index-lexical-comparison-of-strings-3"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-comparison-3"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines whether one string is lexically less than another string,
where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII character
codes.  If the String A and String B are not the same length, the
shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to form a value
that has the same length as the longer.
</p>
<p>In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics <code>LGE</code>, <code>LGT</code>,
<code>LLE</code>, and <code>LLT</code> differ from the corresponding intrinsic
operators <code>.GE.</code>, <code>.GT.</code>, <code>.LE.</code>, and <code>.LT.</code>, in
that the latter use the processor&rsquo;s character ordering (which is not
ASCII on some targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII
ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LLT(STRING_A, STRING_B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING_B</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code>.TRUE.</code> if <code>STRING_A &lt; STRING_B</code>, and <code>.FALSE.</code>
otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LGE">LGE</a>, <a href="#LGT">LGT</a>, <a href="#LLE">LLE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LNBLNK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">LOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#LLT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LLT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LNBLNK-_002d_002d_002d-Index-of-the-last-non_002dblank-character-in-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.135 <code>LNBLNK</code> &mdash; Index of the last non-blank character in a string</h3>
<a name="index-LNBLNK"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-find-non_002dblank-character"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the length of a character string, ignoring any trailing blanks.
This is identical to the standard <code>LEN_TRIM</code> intrinsic, and is only
included for backwards compatibility.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LNBLNK(STRING)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code>,
with <code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of <code>INTEGER(kind=4)</code> type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#INDEX-intrinsic">INDEX intrinsic</a>, <a href="#LEN_005fTRIM">LEN_TRIM</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LOG" accesskey="n" rel="next">LOG</a>, Previous: <a href="#LNBLNK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LNBLNK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LOC-_002d_002d_002d-Returns-the-address-of-a-variable"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.136 <code>LOC</code> &mdash; Returns the address of a variable</h3>
<a name="index-LOC"></a>
<a name="index-location-of-a-variable-in-memory"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LOC(X)</code> returns the address of <var>X</var> as an integer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LOC(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Variable of any type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code>, with a <code>KIND</code>
corresponding to the size (in bytes) of a memory address on the target
machine.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_loc
  integer :: i
  real :: r
  i = loc(r)
  print *, i
end program test_loc
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LOG"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LOG10" accesskey="n" rel="next">LOG10</a>, Previous: <a href="#LOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LOG-_002d_002d_002d-Logarithm-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.137 <code>LOG</code> &mdash; Logarithm function</h3>
<a name="index-LOG"></a>
<a name="index-ALOG"></a>
<a name="index-DLOG"></a>
<a name="index-CLOG"></a>
<a name="index-ZLOG"></a>
<a name="index-CDLOG"></a>
<a name="index-exponential-function_002c-inverse"></a>
<a name="index-logarithmic-function"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LOG(X)</code> computes the logarithm of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LOG(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or
<code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.
The kind type parameter is the same as <var>X</var>.
If <var>X</var> is <code>COMPLEX</code>, the imaginary part <em>\omega</em> is in the range
<em>-\pi \leq \omega \leq \pi</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_log
  real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
  complex :: z = (1.0, 2.0)
  x = log(x)
  z = log(z)
end program test_log
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ALOG(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DLOG(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CLOG(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ZLOG(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CDLOG(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LOG10"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA" accesskey="n" rel="next">LOG_GAMMA</a>, Previous: <a href="#LOG" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LOG</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LOG10-_002d_002d_002d-Base-10-logarithm-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.138 <code>LOG10</code> &mdash; Base 10 logarithm function</h3>
<a name="index-LOG10"></a>
<a name="index-ALOG10"></a>
<a name="index-DLOG10"></a>
<a name="index-exponential-function_002c-inverse-1"></a>
<a name="index-logarithmic-function-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LOG10(X)</code> computes the base 10 logarithm of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LOG10(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.
The kind type parameter is the same as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_log10
  real(8) :: x = 10.0_8
  x = log10(x)
end program test_log10
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ALOG10(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DLOG10(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LOG_005fGAMMA"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LOGICAL" accesskey="n" rel="next">LOGICAL</a>, Previous: <a href="#LOG10" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LOG10</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LOG_005fGAMMA-_002d_002d_002d-Logarithm-of-the-Gamma-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.139 <code>LOG_GAMMA</code> &mdash; Logarithm of the Gamma function</h3>
<a name="index-LOG_005fGAMMA"></a>
<a name="index-LGAMMA"></a>
<a name="index-ALGAMA"></a>
<a name="index-DLGAMA"></a>
<a name="index-Gamma-function_002c-logarithm-of"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LOG_GAMMA(X)</code> computes the natural logarithm of the absolute value
of the Gamma (<em>\Gamma</em>) function.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>X = LOG_GAMMA(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code> and neither zero
nor a negative integer.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> of the same kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_log_gamma
  real :: x = 1.0
  x = lgamma(x) ! returns 0.0
end program test_log_gamma
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>LGAMMA(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU Extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ALGAMA(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU Extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DLGAMA(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU Extension</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Gamma function: <a href="#GAMMA">GAMMA</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LOGICAL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LONG" accesskey="n" rel="next">LONG</a>, Previous: <a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LOG_GAMMA</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LOGICAL-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-logical-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.140 <code>LOGICAL</code> &mdash; Convert to logical type</h3>
<a name="index-LOGICAL"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-logical-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Converts one kind of <code>LOGICAL</code> variable to another.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LOGICAL(L [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>L</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>LOGICAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a <code>LOGICAL</code> value equal to <var>L</var>, with a
kind corresponding to <var>KIND</var>, or of the default logical kind if
<var>KIND</var> is not given.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#INT">INT</a>, <a href="#REAL">REAL</a>, <a href="#CMPLX">CMPLX</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LONG"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LSHIFT" accesskey="n" rel="next">LSHIFT</a>, Previous: <a href="#LOGICAL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LOGICAL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LONG-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-integer-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.141 <code>LONG</code> &mdash; Convert to integer type</h3>
<a name="index-LONG"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-integer-6"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Convert to a <code>KIND=4</code> integer type, which is the same size as a C
<code>long</code> integer.  This is equivalent to the standard <code>INT</code>
intrinsic with an optional argument of <code>KIND=4</code>, and is only
included for backwards compatibility.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LONG(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a <code>INTEGER(4)</code> variable.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#INT">INT</a>, <a href="#INT2">INT2</a>, <a href="#INT8">INT8</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LSHIFT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LSTAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">LSTAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#LONG" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LONG</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-Left-shift-bits"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.142 <code>LSHIFT</code> &mdash; Left shift bits</h3>
<a name="index-LSHIFT"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-shift-left"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LSHIFT</code> returns a value corresponding to <var>I</var> with all of the
bits shifted left by <var>SHIFT</var> places.  If the absolute value of
<var>SHIFT</var> is greater than <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>, the value is undefined. 
Bits shifted out from the left end are lost; zeros are shifted in from
the opposite end.
</p>
<p>This function has been superseded by the <code>ISHFT</code> intrinsic, which
is standard in Fortran 95 and later.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = LSHIFT(I, SHIFT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHIFT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ISHFT">ISHFT</a>, <a href="#ISHFTC">ISHFTC</a>, <a href="#RSHIFT">RSHIFT</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LSTAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#LTIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">LTIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#LSHIFT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LSHIFT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LSTAT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-file-status"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.143 <code>LSTAT</code> &mdash; Get file status</h3>
<a name="index-LSTAT"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-file-status-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>LSTAT</code> is identical to <a href="#STAT">STAT</a>, except that if path is a symbolic link, 
then the link itself is statted, not the file that it refers to.
</p>
<p>The elements in <code>BUFF</code> are the same as described by <a href="#STAT">STAT</a>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL LSTAT(FILE, BUFF [, STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FILE</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code> of the default
kind, a valid path within the file system.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BUFF</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.
Returns 0 on success and a system specific error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <a href="#STAT">STAT</a> for an example.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>To stat an open file: <a href="#FSTAT">FSTAT</a>, to stat a file: <a href="#STAT">STAT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="LTIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MALLOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">MALLOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#LSTAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LSTAT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="LTIME-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-time-to-local-time-info"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.144 <code>LTIME</code> &mdash; Convert time to local time info</h3>
<a name="index-LTIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-conversion-to-local-time-info"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Given a system time value <var>STIME</var> (as provided by the <code>TIME8()</code>
intrinsic), fills <var>TARRAY</var> with values extracted from it appropriate
to the local time zone using <code>localtime(3)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL LTIME(STIME, TARRAY)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STIME</var></td><td width="70%">An <code>INTEGER</code> scalar expression
corresponding to a system time, with <code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">A default <code>INTEGER</code> array with 9 elements,
with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The elements of <var>TARRAY</var> are assigned as follows:
</p><ol>
<li> Seconds after the minute, range 0&ndash;59 or 0&ndash;61 to allow for leap
seconds
</li><li> Minutes after the hour, range 0&ndash;59
</li><li> Hours past midnight, range 0&ndash;23
</li><li> Day of month, range 0&ndash;31
</li><li> Number of months since January, range 0&ndash;12
</li><li> Years since 1900
</li><li> Number of days since Sunday, range 0&ndash;6
</li><li> Days since January 1
</li><li> Daylight savings indicator: positive if daylight savings is in
effect, zero if not, and negative if the information is not available.
</li></ol>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a>, <a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a>, <a href="#TIME">TIME</a>, <a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MALLOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MATMUL" accesskey="n" rel="next">MATMUL</a>, Previous: <a href="#LTIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LTIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MALLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Allocate-dynamic-memory"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.145 <code>MALLOC</code> &mdash; Allocate dynamic memory</h3>
<a name="index-MALLOC"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-cray-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MALLOC(SIZE)</code> allocates <var>SIZE</var> bytes of dynamic memory and
returns the address of the allocated memory. The <code>MALLOC</code> intrinsic
is an extension intended to be used with Cray pointers, and is provided
in GNU Fortran to allow the user to compile legacy code. For new code
using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory allocation intrinsic is
<code>ALLOCATE</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>PTR = MALLOC(SIZE)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SIZE</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER(K)</code>, with <var>K</var> such that
variables of type <code>INTEGER(K)</code> have the same size as
C pointers (<code>sizeof(void *)</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The following example demonstrates the use of <code>MALLOC</code> and
<code>FREE</code> with Cray pointers.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_malloc
  implicit none
  integer i
  real*8 x(*), z
  pointer(ptr_x,x)

  ptr_x = malloc(20*8)
  do i = 1, 20
    x(i) = sqrt(1.0d0 / i)
  end do
  z = 0
  do i = 1, 20
    z = z + x(i)
    print *, z
  end do
  call free(ptr_x)
end program test_malloc
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#FREE">FREE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MATMUL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MAX" accesskey="n" rel="next">MAX</a>, Previous: <a href="#MALLOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MALLOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MATMUL-_002d_002d_002d-matrix-multiplication"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.146 <code>MATMUL</code> &mdash; matrix multiplication</h3>
<a name="index-MATMUL"></a>
<a name="index-matrix-multiplication"></a>
<a name="index-product_002c-matrix"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Performs a matrix multiplication on numeric or logical arguments.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MATMUL(MATRIX_A, MATRIX_B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MATRIX_A</var></td><td width="70%">An array of <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, <code>COMPLEX</code>, or <code>LOGICAL</code> type, with a rank of
one or two.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MATRIX_B</var></td><td width="70%">An array of <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>COMPLEX</code> type if <var>MATRIX_A</var> is of a numeric
type; otherwise, an array of <code>LOGICAL</code> type. The rank shall be one
or two, and the first (or only) dimension of <var>MATRIX_B</var> shall be
equal to the last (or only) dimension of <var>MATRIX_A</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The matrix product of <var>MATRIX_A</var> and <var>MATRIX_B</var>.  The type and
kind of the result follow the usual type and kind promotion rules, as
for the <code>*</code> or <code>.AND.</code> operators.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MAX"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MAXEXPONENT" accesskey="n" rel="next">MAXEXPONENT</a>, Previous: <a href="#MATMUL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MATMUL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MAX-_002d_002d_002d-Maximum-value-of-an-argument-list"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.147 <code>MAX</code> &mdash; Maximum value of an argument list</h3>
<a name="index-MAX"></a>
<a name="index-MAX0"></a>
<a name="index-AMAX0"></a>
<a name="index-MAX1"></a>
<a name="index-AMAX1"></a>
<a name="index-DMAX1"></a>
<a name="index-maximum-value"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the argument with the largest (most positive) value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MAX(A1, A2 [, A3 [, ...]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A1</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code> or
<code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A2</var>, <var>A3</var>, ...</td><td width="70%">An expression of the same type and kind
as <var>A1</var>.  (As a GNU extension, arguments of different kinds are
permitted.)</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value corresponds to the maximum value among the arguments,
and has the same type and kind as the first argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>MAX0(I)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4) I</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>AMAX0(I)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4) I</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(MAX(X))</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>MAX1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INT(MAX(X))</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>AMAX1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)    X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DMAX1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)    X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MAXLOC">MAXLOC</a> <a href="#MAXVAL">MAXVAL</a>, <a href="#MIN">MIN</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MAXEXPONENT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MAXLOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">MAXLOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#MAX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MAX</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MAXEXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Maximum-exponent-of-a-real-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.148 <code>MAXEXPONENT</code> &mdash; Maximum exponent of a real kind</h3>
<a name="index-MAXEXPONENT"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-maximum-exponent"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MAXEXPONENT(X)</code> returns the maximum exponent in the model of the
type of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MAXEXPONENT(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default integer
kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program exponents
  real(kind=4) :: x
  real(kind=8) :: y

  print *, minexponent(x), maxexponent(x)
  print *, minexponent(y), maxexponent(y)
end program exponents
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MAXLOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MAXVAL" accesskey="n" rel="next">MAXVAL</a>, Previous: <a href="#MAXEXPONENT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MAXEXPONENT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MAXLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Location-of-the-maximum-value-within-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.149 <code>MAXLOC</code> &mdash; Location of the maximum value within an array</h3>
<a name="index-MAXLOC"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-location-of-maximum-element"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the location of the element in the array with the maximum
value, or, if the <var>DIM</var> argument is supplied, determines the
locations of the maximum element along each row of the array in the
<var>DIM</var> direction.  If <var>MASK</var> is present, only the elements for
which <var>MASK</var> is <code>.TRUE.</code> are considered.  If more than one
element in the array has the maximum value, the location returned is
that of the first such element in array element order.  If the array has
zero size, or all of the elements of <var>MASK</var> are <code>.FALSE.</code>, then
the result is an array of zeroes.  Similarly, if <var>DIM</var> is supplied
and all of the elements of <var>MASK</var> along a given row are zero, the
result value for that row is zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code>, with a value between one and the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>,
inclusive.  It may not be an optional dummy argument.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>LOGICAL</code>,
and conformable with <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>DIM</var> is absent, the result is a rank-one array with a length
equal to the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, the result
is an array with a rank one less than the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>, and a
size corresponding to the size of <var>ARRAY</var> with the <var>DIM</var>
dimension removed.  If <var>DIM</var> is present and <var>ARRAY</var> has a rank
of one, the result is a scalar.  In all cases, the result is of default
<code>INTEGER</code> type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MAX">MAX</a>, <a href="#MAXVAL">MAXVAL</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MAXVAL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MCLOCK" accesskey="n" rel="next">MCLOCK</a>, Previous: <a href="#MAXLOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MAXLOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MAXVAL-_002d_002d_002d-Maximum-value-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.150 <code>MAXVAL</code> &mdash; Maximum value of an array</h3>
<a name="index-MAXVAL"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-maximum-value"></a>
<a name="index-maximum-value-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the maximum value of the elements in an array value, or, if
the <var>DIM</var> argument is supplied, determines the maximum value along
each row of the array in the <var>DIM</var> direction.  If <var>MASK</var> is
present, only the elements for which <var>MASK</var> is <code>.TRUE.</code> are
considered.  If the array has zero size, or all of the elements of
<var>MASK</var> are <code>.FALSE.</code>, then the result is <code>-HUGE(ARRAY)</code>
if <var>ARRAY</var> is numeric, or a string of nulls if <var>ARRAY</var> is of character
type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code>, with a value between one and the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>,
inclusive.  It may not be an optional dummy argument.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>LOGICAL</code>,
and conformable with <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>DIM</var> is absent, or if <var>ARRAY</var> has a rank of one, the result
is a scalar.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, the result is an array with a
rank one less than the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>, and a size corresponding to
the size of <var>ARRAY</var> with the <var>DIM</var> dimension removed.  In all
cases, the result is of the same type and kind as <var>ARRAY</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MAX">MAX</a>, <a href="#MAXLOC">MAXLOC</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MCLOCK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MCLOCK8" accesskey="n" rel="next">MCLOCK8</a>, Previous: <a href="#MAXVAL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MAXVAL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MCLOCK-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.151 <code>MCLOCK</code> &mdash; Time function</h3>
<a name="index-MCLOCK"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-clock-ticks"></a>
<a name="index-clock-ticks"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the number of clock ticks since the start of the process, based
on the UNIX function <code>clock(3)</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is not fully portable, such as to systems with 32-bit
<code>INTEGER</code> types but supporting times wider than 32 bits. Therefore,
the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or
numerically less than previous values, during a single run of the
compiled program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MCLOCK()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>, equal to the
number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or <code>-1</code> if
the system does not support <code>clock(3)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a>, <a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a>, <a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a>, <a href="#MCLOCK">MCLOCK</a>, <a href="#TIME">TIME</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MCLOCK8"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MERGE" accesskey="n" rel="next">MERGE</a>, Previous: <a href="#MCLOCK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MCLOCK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MCLOCK8-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function-_002864_002dbit_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.152 <code>MCLOCK8</code> &mdash; Time function (64-bit)</h3>
<a name="index-MCLOCK8"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-clock-ticks-1"></a>
<a name="index-clock-ticks-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the number of clock ticks since the start of the process, based
on the UNIX function <code>clock(3)</code>.
</p>
<p><em>Warning:</em> this intrinsic does not increase the range of the timing
values over that returned by <code>clock(3)</code>. On a system with a 32-bit
<code>clock(3)</code>, <code>MCLOCK8()</code> will return a 32-bit value, even though
it is converted to a 64-bit <code>INTEGER(8)</code> value. That means
overflows of the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values
returned by this intrinsic might be or become negative or numerically
less than previous values during a single run of the compiled program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MCLOCK8()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(8)</code>, equal to the
number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or <code>-1</code> if
the system does not support <code>clock(3)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a>, <a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a>, <a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a>, <a href="#MCLOCK">MCLOCK</a>, <a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MERGE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MIN" accesskey="n" rel="next">MIN</a>, Previous: <a href="#MCLOCK8" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MCLOCK8</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MERGE-_002d_002d_002d-Merge-variables"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.153 <code>MERGE</code> &mdash; Merge variables</h3>
<a name="index-MERGE"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-merge-arrays"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-combine-arrays"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Select values from two arrays according to a logical mask.  The result
is equal to <var>TSOURCE</var> if <var>MASK</var> is <code>.TRUE.</code>, or equal to
<var>FSOURCE</var> if it is <code>.FALSE.</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MERGE(TSOURCE, FSOURCE, MASK)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TSOURCE</var></td><td width="70%">May be of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FSOURCE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of the same type and type parameters
as <var>TSOURCE</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>LOGICAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is of the same type and type parameters as <var>TSOURCE</var>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MIN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MINEXPONENT" accesskey="n" rel="next">MINEXPONENT</a>, Previous: <a href="#MERGE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MERGE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MIN-_002d_002d_002d-Minimum-value-of-an-argument-list"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.154 <code>MIN</code> &mdash; Minimum value of an argument list</h3>
<a name="index-MIN"></a>
<a name="index-MIN0"></a>
<a name="index-AMIN0"></a>
<a name="index-MIN1"></a>
<a name="index-AMIN1"></a>
<a name="index-DMIN1"></a>
<a name="index-minimum-value"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the argument with the smallest (most negative) value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MIN(A1, A2 [, A3, ...])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A1</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code> or
<code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A2</var>, <var>A3</var>, ...</td><td width="70%">An expression of the same type and kind
as <var>A1</var>.  (As a GNU extension, arguments of different kinds are
permitted.)</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value corresponds to the maximum value among the arguments,
and has the same type and kind as the first argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>MIN0(I)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4) I</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>AMIN0(I)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4) I</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(MIN(X))</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>MIN1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INT(MIN(X))</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>AMIN1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)    X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DMIN1(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)    X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 77 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MAX">MAX</a>, <a href="#MINLOC">MINLOC</a>, <a href="#MINVAL">MINVAL</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MINEXPONENT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MINLOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">MINLOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#MIN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MIN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MINEXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Minimum-exponent-of-a-real-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.155 <code>MINEXPONENT</code> &mdash; Minimum exponent of a real kind</h3>
<a name="index-MINEXPONENT"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-minimum-exponent"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MINEXPONENT(X)</code> returns the minimum exponent in the model of the
type of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MINEXPONENT(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default integer
kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>MAXEXPONENT</code> for an example.
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MINLOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MINVAL" accesskey="n" rel="next">MINVAL</a>, Previous: <a href="#MINEXPONENT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MINEXPONENT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MINLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Location-of-the-minimum-value-within-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.156 <code>MINLOC</code> &mdash; Location of the minimum value within an array</h3>
<a name="index-MINLOC"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-location-of-minimum-element"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the location of the element in the array with the minimum
value, or, if the <var>DIM</var> argument is supplied, determines the
locations of the minimum element along each row of the array in the
<var>DIM</var> direction.  If <var>MASK</var> is present, only the elements for
which <var>MASK</var> is <code>.TRUE.</code> are considered.  If more than one
element in the array has the minimum value, the location returned is
that of the first such element in array element order.  If the array has
zero size, or all of the elements of <var>MASK</var> are <code>.FALSE.</code>, then
the result is an array of zeroes.  Similarly, if <var>DIM</var> is supplied
and all of the elements of <var>MASK</var> along a given row are zero, the
result value for that row is zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code>, with a value between one and the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>,
inclusive.  It may not be an optional dummy argument.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>LOGICAL</code>,
and conformable with <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>DIM</var> is absent, the result is a rank-one array with a length
equal to the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, the result
is an array with a rank one less than the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>, and a
size corresponding to the size of <var>ARRAY</var> with the <var>DIM</var>
dimension removed.  If <var>DIM</var> is present and <var>ARRAY</var> has a rank
of one, the result is a scalar.  In all cases, the result is of default
<code>INTEGER</code> type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MIN">MIN</a>, <a href="#MINVAL">MINVAL</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MINVAL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MOD" accesskey="n" rel="next">MOD</a>, Previous: <a href="#MINLOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MINLOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MINVAL-_002d_002d_002d-Minimum-value-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.157 <code>MINVAL</code> &mdash; Minimum value of an array</h3>
<a name="index-MINVAL"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-minimum-value"></a>
<a name="index-minimum-value-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the minimum value of the elements in an array value, or, if
the <var>DIM</var> argument is supplied, determines the minimum value along
each row of the array in the <var>DIM</var> direction.  If <var>MASK</var> is
present, only the elements for which <var>MASK</var> is <code>.TRUE.</code> are
considered.  If the array has zero size, or all of the elements of
<var>MASK</var> are <code>.FALSE.</code>, then the result is <code>HUGE(ARRAY)</code> if
<var>ARRAY</var> is numeric, or a string of <code>CHAR(255)</code> characters if
<var>ARRAY</var> is of character type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>INTEGER</code>,
<code>REAL</code>, or <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code>, with a value between one and the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>,
inclusive.  It may not be an optional dummy argument.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>LOGICAL</code>,
and conformable with <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>If <var>DIM</var> is absent, or if <var>ARRAY</var> has a rank of one, the result
is a scalar.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, the result is an array with a
rank one less than the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>, and a size corresponding to
the size of <var>ARRAY</var> with the <var>DIM</var> dimension removed.  In all
cases, the result is of the same type and kind as <var>ARRAY</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#MIN">MIN</a>, <a href="#MINLOC">MINLOC</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MOD"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MODULO" accesskey="n" rel="next">MODULO</a>, Previous: <a href="#MINVAL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MINVAL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MOD-_002d_002d_002d-Remainder-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.158 <code>MOD</code> &mdash; Remainder function</h3>
<a name="index-MOD"></a>
<a name="index-AMOD"></a>
<a name="index-DMOD"></a>
<a name="index-remainder"></a>
<a name="index-division_002c-remainder"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MOD(A,P)</code> computes the remainder of the division of A by P. It is
calculated as <code>A - (INT(A/P) * P)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MOD(A, P)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>P</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of the same type as <var>A</var> and not
equal to zero</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The kind of the return value is the result of cross-promoting
the kinds of the arguments.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_mod
  print *, mod(17,3)
  print *, mod(17.5,5.5)
  print *, mod(17.5d0,5.5)
  print *, mod(17.5,5.5d0)

  print *, mod(-17,3)
  print *, mod(-17.5,5.5)
  print *, mod(-17.5d0,5.5)
  print *, mod(-17.5,5.5d0)

  print *, mod(17,-3)
  print *, mod(17.5,-5.5)
  print *, mod(17.5d0,-5.5)
  print *, mod(17.5,-5.5d0)
end program test_mod
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Arguments</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>AMOD(A,P)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DMOD(A,P)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MODULO"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MOVE_005fALLOC" accesskey="n" rel="next">MOVE_ALLOC</a>, Previous: <a href="#MOD" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MOD</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MODULO-_002d_002d_002d-Modulo-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.159 <code>MODULO</code> &mdash; Modulo function</h3>
<a name="index-MODULO"></a>
<a name="index-modulo"></a>
<a name="index-division_002c-modulo"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MODULO(A,P)</code> computes the <var>A</var> modulo <var>P</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = MODULO(A, P)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>P</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of the same type and kind as <var>A</var></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The type and kind of the result are those of the arguments.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>If <var>A</var> and <var>P</var> are of type <code>INTEGER</code>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MODULO(A,P)</code> has the value <var>R</var> such that <code>A=Q*P+R</code>, where
<var>Q</var> is an integer and <var>R</var> is between 0 (inclusive) and <var>P</var>
(exclusive).
</p></dd>
<dt>If <var>A</var> and <var>P</var> are of type <code>REAL</code>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MODULO(A,P)</code> has the value of <code>A - FLOOR (A / P) * P</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>In all cases, if <var>P</var> is zero the result is processor-dependent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_modulo
  print *, modulo(17,3)
  print *, modulo(17.5,5.5)

  print *, modulo(-17,3)
  print *, modulo(-17.5,5.5)

  print *, modulo(17,-3)
  print *, modulo(17.5,-5.5)
end program
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MOVE_005fALLOC"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#MVBITS" accesskey="n" rel="next">MVBITS</a>, Previous: <a href="#MODULO" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MODULO</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MOVE_005fALLOC-_002d_002d_002d-Move-allocation-from-one-object-to-another"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.160 <code>MOVE_ALLOC</code> &mdash; Move allocation from one object to another</h3>
<a name="index-MOVE_005fALLOC"></a>
<a name="index-moving-allocation"></a>
<a name="index-allocation_002c-moving"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>MOVE_ALLOC(SRC, DEST)</code> moves the allocation from <var>SRC</var> to
<var>DEST</var>.  <var>SRC</var> will become deallocated in the process.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL MOVE_ALLOC(SRC, DEST)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SRC</var></td><td width="70%"><code>ALLOCATABLE</code>, <code>INTENT(INOUT)</code>, may be
of any type and kind.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DEST</var></td><td width="70%"><code>ALLOCATABLE</code>, <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>, shall be
of the same type, kind and rank as <var>SRC</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_move_alloc
    integer, allocatable :: a(:), b(:)

    allocate(a(3))
    a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
    call move_alloc(a, b)
    print *, allocated(a), allocated(b)
    print *, b
end program test_move_alloc
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="MVBITS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#NEAREST" accesskey="n" rel="next">NEAREST</a>, Previous: <a href="#MOVE_005fALLOC" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MOVE_ALLOC</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="MVBITS-_002d_002d_002d-Move-bits-from-one-integer-to-another"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.161 <code>MVBITS</code> &mdash; Move bits from one integer to another</h3>
<a name="index-MVBITS"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-move"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Moves <var>LEN</var> bits from positions <var>FROMPOS</var> through
<code>FROMPOS+LEN-1</code> of <var>FROM</var> to positions <var>TOPOS</var> through
<code>TOPOS+LEN-1</code> of <var>TO</var>. The portion of argument <var>TO</var> not
affected by the movement of bits is unchanged. The values of
<code>FROMPOS+LEN-1</code> and <code>TOPOS+LEN-1</code> must be less than
<code>BIT_SIZE(FROM)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL MVBITS(FROM, FROMPOS, LEN, TO, TOPOS)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FROM</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FROMPOS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>LEN</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TO</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>, of the
same kind as <var>FROM</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TOPOS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="NEAREST"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#NEW_005fLINE" accesskey="n" rel="next">NEW_LINE</a>, Previous: <a href="#MVBITS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MVBITS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="NEAREST-_002d_002d_002d-Nearest-representable-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.162 <code>NEAREST</code> &mdash; Nearest representable number</h3>
<a name="index-NEAREST"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-nearest-different"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-nearest-different"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>NEAREST(X, S)</code> returns the processor-representable number nearest
to <code>X</code> in the direction indicated by the sign of <code>S</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = NEAREST(X, S)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>S</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be of type <code>REAL</code> and
not equal to zero.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type as <code>X</code>. If <code>S</code> is
positive, <code>NEAREST</code> returns the processor-representable number
greater than <code>X</code> and nearest to it. If <code>S</code> is negative,
<code>NEAREST</code> returns the processor-representable number smaller than
<code>X</code> and nearest to it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_nearest
  real :: x, y
  x = nearest(42.0, 1.0)
  y = nearest(42.0, -1.0)
  write (*,&quot;(3(G20.15))&quot;) x, y, x - y
end program test_nearest
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="NEW_005fLINE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#NINT" accesskey="n" rel="next">NINT</a>, Previous: <a href="#NEAREST" accesskey="p" rel="prev">NEAREST</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="NEW_005fLINE-_002d_002d_002d-New-line-character"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.163 <code>NEW_LINE</code> &mdash; New line character</h3>
<a name="index-NEW_005fLINE"></a>
<a name="index-newline"></a>
<a name="index-output_002c-newline"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>NEW_LINE(C)</code> returns the new-line character.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = NEW_LINE(C)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>C</var></td><td width="70%">The argument shall be a scalar or array of the
type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <var>CHARACTER</var> scalar of length one with the new-line character of
the same kind as parameter <var>C</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program newline
  implicit none
  write(*,'(A)') 'This is record 1.'//NEW_LINE('A')//'This is record 2.'
end program newline
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="NINT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#NOT" accesskey="n" rel="next">NOT</a>, Previous: <a href="#NEW_005fLINE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">NEW_LINE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="NINT-_002d_002d_002d-Nearest-whole-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.164 <code>NINT</code> &mdash; Nearest whole number</h3>
<a name="index-NINT"></a>
<a name="index-IDNINT"></a>
<a name="index-rounding_002c-nearest-whole-number"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>NINT(X)</code> rounds its argument to the nearest whole number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 90 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = NINT(X [, KIND])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns <var>A</var> with the fractional portion of its magnitude eliminated by
rounding to the nearest whole number and with its sign preserved,
converted to an <code>INTEGER</code> of the default kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_nint
  real(4) x4
  real(8) x8
  x4 = 1.234E0_4
  x8 = 4.321_8
  print *, nint(x4), idnint(x8)
end program test_nint
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="25%">Name</td><td width="25%">Argument</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="25%"><code>IDNINT(X)</code></td><td width="25%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CEILING">CEILING</a>, <a href="#FLOOR">FLOOR</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="NOT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#NULL" accesskey="n" rel="next">NULL</a>, Previous: <a href="#NINT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">NINT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="NOT-_002d_002d_002d-Logical-negation"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.165 <code>NOT</code> &mdash; Logical negation</h3>
<a name="index-NOT"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-negate"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-not"></a>
<a name="index-logical-not_002c-bitwise"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>NOT</code> returns the bitwise boolean inverse of <var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = NOT(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is <code>INTEGER</code>, of the same kind as the
argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IAND">IAND</a>, <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>, <a href="#IOR">IOR</a>, <a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a>, <a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a>, <a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="NULL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#OR" accesskey="n" rel="next">OR</a>, Previous: <a href="#NOT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">NOT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="NULL-_002d_002d_002d-Function-that-returns-an-disassociated-pointer"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.166 <code>NULL</code> &mdash; Function that returns an disassociated pointer</h3>
<a name="index-NULL"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-status-1"></a>
<a name="index-pointer_002c-disassociated"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a disassociated pointer.
</p>
<p>If <var>MOLD</var> is present, a dissassociated pointer of the same type is
returned, otherwise the type is determined by context.
</p>
<p>In Fortran 95, <var>MOLD</var> is optional. Please note that Fortran 2003
includes cases where it is required.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>PTR =&gt; NULL([MOLD])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MOLD</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a pointer of any association
status and of any type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>A disassociated pointer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">REAL, POINTER, DIMENSION(:) :: VEC =&gt; NULL ()
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ASSOCIATED">ASSOCIATED</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="OR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#PACK" accesskey="n" rel="next">PACK</a>, Previous: <a href="#NULL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">NULL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="OR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-OR"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.167 <code>OR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical OR</h3>
<a name="index-OR"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-or-1"></a>
<a name="index-logical-or_002c-bitwise-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Bitwise logical <code>OR</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with 
GNU Fortran 77.  For integer arguments, programmers should consider
the use of the <a href="#IOR">IOR</a> intrinsic defined by the Fortran standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = OR(X, Y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be either a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>
type or a scalar <code>LOGICAL</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be the same as the type of <var>X</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is either a scalar <code>INTEGER</code> or a scalar
<code>LOGICAL</code>.  If the kind type parameters differ, then the
smaller kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the 
return has the larger kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_or
  LOGICAL :: T = .TRUE., F = .FALSE.
  INTEGER :: a, b
  DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /

  WRITE (*,*) OR(T, T), OR(T, F), OR(F, T), OR(F, F)
  WRITE (*,*) OR(a, b)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 elemental function: <a href="#IOR">IOR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="PACK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#PERROR" accesskey="n" rel="next">PERROR</a>, Previous: <a href="#OR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">OR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="PACK-_002d_002d_002d-Pack-an-array-into-an-array-of-rank-one"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.168 <code>PACK</code> &mdash; Pack an array into an array of rank one</h3>
<a name="index-PACK"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-packing"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-reduce-dimension"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-gather-elements"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Stores the elements of <var>ARRAY</var> in an array of rank one.
</p>
<p>The beginning of the resulting array is made up of elements whose <var>MASK</var> 
equals <code>TRUE</code>. Afterwards, positions are filled with elements taken from
<var>VECTOR</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = PACK(ARRAY, MASK[,VECTOR]</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>LOGICAL</code> and 
of the same size as <var>ARRAY</var>. Alternatively, it may be a <code>LOGICAL</code> 
scalar.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VECTOR</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be an array of the same type 
as <var>ARRAY</var> and of rank one. If present, the number of elements in 
<var>VECTOR</var> shall be equal to or greater than the number of true elements 
in <var>MASK</var>. If <var>MASK</var> is scalar, the number of elements in 
<var>VECTOR</var> shall be equal to or greater than the number of elements in
<var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is an array of rank one and the same type as that of <var>ARRAY</var>.
If <var>VECTOR</var> is present, the result size is that of <var>VECTOR</var>, the
number of <code>TRUE</code> values in <var>MASK</var> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Gathering nonzero elements from an array:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_pack_1
  INTEGER :: m(6)
  m = (/ 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0 /)
  WRITE(*, FMT=&quot;(6(I0, ' '))&quot;) pack(m, m /= 0)  ! &quot;1 5&quot;
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

<p>Gathering nonzero elements from an array and appending elements from <var>VECTOR</var>:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_pack_2
  INTEGER :: m(4)
  m = (/ 1, 0, 0, 2 /)
  WRITE(*, FMT=&quot;(4(I0, ' '))&quot;) pack(m, m /= 0, (/ 0, 0, 3, 4 /))  ! &quot;1 2 3 4&quot;
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#UNPACK">UNPACK</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="PERROR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#PRECISION" accesskey="n" rel="next">PRECISION</a>, Previous: <a href="#PACK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PACK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="PERROR-_002d_002d_002d-Print-system-error-message"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.169 <code>PERROR</code> &mdash; Print system error message</h3>
<a name="index-PERROR"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-error-handling-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Prints (on the C <code>stderr</code> stream) a newline-terminated error
message corresponding to the last system error. This is prefixed by
<var>STRING</var>, a colon and a space. See <code>perror(3)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL PERROR(STRING)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">A scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code> and of the
default kind.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#IERRNO">IERRNO</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="PRECISION"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#PRESENT" accesskey="n" rel="next">PRESENT</a>, Previous: <a href="#PERROR" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PERROR</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="PRECISION-_002d_002d_002d-Decimal-precision-of-a-real-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.170 <code>PRECISION</code> &mdash; Decimal precision of a real kind</h3>
<a name="index-PRECISION"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-precision"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>PRECISION(X)</code> returns the decimal precision in the model of the
type of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = PRECISION(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default integer
kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program prec_and_range
  real(kind=4) :: x(2)
  complex(kind=8) :: y

  print *, precision(x), range(x)
  print *, precision(y), range(y)
end program prec_and_range
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="PRESENT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#PRODUCT" accesskey="n" rel="next">PRODUCT</a>, Previous: <a href="#PRECISION" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PRECISION</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="PRESENT-_002d_002d_002d-Determine-whether-an-optional-dummy-argument-is-specified"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.171 <code>PRESENT</code> &mdash; Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified</h3>
<a name="index-PRESENT"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines whether an optional dummy argument is present.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = PRESENT(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">May be of any type and may be a pointer, scalar or array
value, or a dummy procedure. It shall be the name of an optional dummy argument
accessible within the current subroutine or function.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns either <code>TRUE</code> if the optional argument <var>A</var> is present, or
<code>FALSE</code> otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_present
  WRITE(*,*) f(), f(42)      ! &quot;F T&quot;
CONTAINS
  LOGICAL FUNCTION f(x)
    INTEGER, INTENT(IN), OPTIONAL :: x
    f = PRESENT(x)
  END FUNCTION
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="PRODUCT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RADIX" accesskey="n" rel="next">RADIX</a>, Previous: <a href="#PRESENT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PRESENT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="PRODUCT-_002d_002d_002d-Product-of-array-elements"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.172 <code>PRODUCT</code> &mdash; Product of array elements</h3>
<a name="index-PRODUCT"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-product"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-multiply-elements"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-conditionally-multiply-elements"></a>
<a name="index-multiply-array-elements"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Multiplies the elements of <var>ARRAY</var> along dimension <var>DIM</var> if
the corresponding element in <var>MASK</var> is <code>TRUE</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY[, MASK])</code>
<code>RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>INTEGER</code>, 
<code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type 
<code>INTEGER</code> with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n 
equals the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be of type <code>LOGICAL</code> 
and either be a scalar or an array of the same shape as <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is of the same type as <var>ARRAY</var>.
</p>
<p>If <var>DIM</var> is absent, a scalar with the product of all elements in 
<var>ARRAY</var> is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals 
the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>, and a shape similar to that of <var>ARRAY</var> with 
dimension <var>DIM</var> dropped is returned.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_product
  INTEGER :: x(5) = (/ 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 /)
  print *, PRODUCT(x)                    ! all elements, product = 120
  print *, PRODUCT(x, MASK=MOD(x, 2)==1) ! odd elements, product = 15
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SUM">SUM</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RADIX"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">RAN</a>, Previous: <a href="#PRODUCT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PRODUCT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RADIX-_002d_002d_002d-Base-of-a-model-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.173 <code>RADIX</code> &mdash; Base of a model number</h3>
<a name="index-RADIX"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-base"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-radix"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RADIX(X)</code> returns the base of the model representing the entity <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = RADIX(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default
integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_radix
  print *, &quot;The radix for the default integer kind is&quot;, radix(0)
  print *, &quot;The radix for the default real kind is&quot;, radix(0.0)
end program test_radix
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RAN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RAND" accesskey="n" rel="next">RAND</a>, Previous: <a href="#RADIX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RADIX</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RAN-_002d_002d_002d-Real-pseudo_002drandom-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.174 <code>RAN</code> &mdash; Real pseudo-random number</h3>
<a name="index-RAN"></a>
<a name="index-random-number-generation-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>For compatibility with HP FORTRAN 77/iX, the <code>RAN</code> intrinsic is
provided as an alias for <code>RAND</code>.  See <a href="#RAND">RAND</a> for complete
documentation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#RAND">RAND</a>, <a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RAND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER" accesskey="n" rel="next">RANDOM_NUMBER</a>, Previous: <a href="#RAN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RAN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RAND-_002d_002d_002d-Real-pseudo_002drandom-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.175 <code>RAND</code> &mdash; Real pseudo-random number</h3>
<a name="index-RAND"></a>
<a name="index-random-number-generation-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RAND(FLAG)</code> returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform
distribution between 0 and 1. If <var>FLAG</var> is 0, the next number
in the current sequence is returned; if <var>FLAG</var> is 1, the generator
is restarted by <code>CALL SRAND(0)</code>; if <var>FLAG</var> has any other value,
it is used as a new seed with <code>SRAND</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as provided 
by <code>g77</code>. For new code, one should consider the use of 
<a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a> as it implements a superior algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = RAND(FLAG)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FLAG</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code> of kind 4.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of <code>REAL</code> type and the default kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_rand
  integer,parameter :: seed = 86456
  
  call srand(seed)
  print *, rand(), rand(), rand(), rand()
  print *, rand(seed), rand(), rand(), rand()
end program test_rand
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SRAND">SRAND</a>, <a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RANDOM_005fNUMBER"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED" accesskey="n" rel="next">RANDOM_SEED</a>, Previous: <a href="#RAND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RAND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RANDOM_005fNUMBER-_002d_002d_002d-Pseudo_002drandom-number"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.176 <code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code> &mdash; Pseudo-random number</h3>
<a name="index-RANDOM_005fNUMBER"></a>
<a name="index-random-number-generation-3"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a single pseudorandom number or an array of pseudorandom numbers
from the uniform distribution over the range <em>0 \leq x &lt; 1</em>.
</p>
<p>The runtime-library implements George Marsaglia&rsquo;s KISS (Keep It Simple 
Stupid) random number generator (RNG). This RNG combines:
</p><ol>
<li> The congruential generator <em>x(n) = 69069 \cdot x(n-1) + 1327217885</em>
with a period of <em>2^{32}</em>,
</li><li> A 3-shift shift-register generator with a period of <em>2^{32} - 1</em>,
</li><li> Two 16-bit multiply-with-carry generators with a period of
<em>597273182964842497 &gt; 2^{59}</em>.
</li></ol>
<p>The overall period exceeds <em>2^{123}</em>.
</p>
<p>Please note, this RNG is thread safe if used within OpenMP directives,
i.e., its state will be consistent while called from multiple threads.
However, the KISS generator does not create random numbers in parallel 
from multiple sources, but in sequence from a single source. If an
OpenMP-enabled application heavily relies on random numbers, one should 
consider employing a dedicated parallel random number generator instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RANDOM_NUMBER(HARVEST)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>HARVEST</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_random_number
  REAL :: r(5,5)
  CALL init_random_seed()         ! see example of RANDOM_SEED
  CALL RANDOM_NUMBER(r)
end program
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED">RANDOM_SEED</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RANDOM_005fSEED"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RANGE" accesskey="n" rel="next">RANGE</a>, Previous: <a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RANDOM_NUMBER</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RANDOM_005fSEED-_002d_002d_002d-Initialize-a-pseudo_002drandom-number-sequence"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.177 <code>RANDOM_SEED</code> &mdash; Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence</h3>
<a name="index-RANDOM_005fSEED"></a>
<a name="index-random-number-generation_002c-seeding"></a>
<a name="index-seeding-a-random-number-generator"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Restarts or queries the state of the pseudorandom number generator used by 
<code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code>.
</p>
<p>If <code>RANDOM_SEED</code> is called without arguments, it is initialized to
a default state. The example below shows how to initialize the random 
seed based on the system&rsquo;s time.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL RANDOM_SEED(SIZE, PUT, GET)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SIZE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar and of type default 
<code>INTEGER</code>, with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>. It specifies the minimum size 
of the arrays used with the <var>PUT</var> and <var>GET</var> arguments.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PUT</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be an array of type default 
<code>INTEGER</code> and rank one. It is <code>INTENT(IN)</code> and the size of 
the array must be larger than or equal to the number returned by the 
<var>SIZE</var> argument.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>GET</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be an array of type default 
<code>INTEGER</code> and rank one. It is <code>INTENT(OUT)</code> and the size 
of the array must be larger than or equal to the number returned by 
the <var>SIZE</var> argument.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">SUBROUTINE init_random_seed()
  INTEGER :: i, n, clock
  INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed

  CALL RANDOM_SEED(size = n)
  ALLOCATE(seed(n))

  CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK(COUNT=clock)

  seed = clock + 37 * (/ (i - 1, i = 1, n) /)
  CALL RANDOM_SEED(PUT = seed)

  DEALLOCATE(seed)
END SUBROUTINE
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RANGE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#REAL" accesskey="n" rel="next">REAL</a>, Previous: <a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RANDOM_SEED</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RANGE-_002d_002d_002d-Decimal-exponent-range"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.178 <code>RANGE</code> &mdash; Decimal exponent range</h3>
<a name="index-RANGE"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-range"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RANGE(X)</code> returns the decimal exponent range in the model of the
type of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = RANGE(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>
or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the default integer
kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>PRECISION</code> for an example.
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="REAL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RENAME" accesskey="n" rel="next">RENAME</a>, Previous: <a href="#RANGE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RANGE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="REAL-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-real-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.179 <code>REAL</code> &mdash; Convert to real type</h3>
<a name="index-REAL"></a>
<a name="index-REALPART"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-real-3"></a>
<a name="index-complex-numbers_002c-real-part-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>REAL(X [, KIND])</code> converts its argument <var>X</var> to a real type.  The
<code>REALPART(X)</code> function is provided for compatibility with <code>g77</code>,
and its use is strongly discouraged.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = REAL(X [, KIND])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>RESULT = REALPART(Z)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>REAL</code>, or
<code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>These functions return a <code>REAL</code> variable or array under
the following rules: 
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>(A)</dt>
<dd><p><code>REAL(X)</code> is converted to a default real type if <var>X</var> is an 
integer or real variable.
</p></dd>
<dt>(B)</dt>
<dd><p><code>REAL(X)</code> is converted to a real type with the kind type parameter
of <var>X</var> if <var>X</var> is a complex variable.
</p></dd>
<dt>(C)</dt>
<dd><p><code>REAL(X, KIND)</code> is converted to a real type with kind type
parameter <var>KIND</var> if <var>X</var> is a complex, integer, or real
variable.
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_real
  complex :: x = (1.0, 2.0)
  print *, real(x), real(x,8), realpart(x)
end program test_real
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#DBLE">DBLE</a>, <a href="#DFLOAT">DFLOAT</a>, <a href="#FLOAT">FLOAT</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RENAME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#REPEAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">REPEAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#REAL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">REAL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RENAME-_002d_002d_002d-Rename-a-file"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.180 <code>RENAME</code> &mdash; Rename a file</h3>
<a name="index-RENAME"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-rename-file"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Renames a file from file <var>PATH1</var> to <var>PATH2</var>. A null
character (<code>CHAR(0)</code>) can be used to mark the end of the names in
<var>PATH1</var> and <var>PATH2</var>; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file
names are ignored.  If the <var>STATUS</var> argument is supplied, it
contains 0 on success or a nonzero error code upon return; see
<code>rename(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL RENAME(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = RENAME(PATH1, PATH2)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH1</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH2</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be of default <code>INTEGER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LINK">LINK</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="REPEAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RESHAPE" accesskey="n" rel="next">RESHAPE</a>, Previous: <a href="#RENAME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RENAME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="REPEAT-_002d_002d_002d-Repeated-string-concatenation"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.181 <code>REPEAT</code> &mdash; Repeated string concatenation</h3>
<a name="index-REPEAT"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-repeat"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-concatenate"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Concatenates <var>NCOPIES</var> copies of a string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = REPEAT(STRING, NCOPIES)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be scalar and of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NCOPIES</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be scalar and of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>A new scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code> built up from <var>NCOPIES</var> copies 
of <var>STRING</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_repeat
  write(*,*) repeat(&quot;x&quot;, 5)   ! &quot;xxxxx&quot;
end program
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RESHAPE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RRSPACING" accesskey="n" rel="next">RRSPACING</a>, Previous: <a href="#REPEAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">REPEAT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RESHAPE-_002d_002d_002d-Function-to-reshape-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.182 <code>RESHAPE</code> &mdash; Function to reshape an array</h3>
<a name="index-RESHAPE"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-change-dimensions"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-transmogrify"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Reshapes <var>SOURCE</var> to correspond to <var>SHAPE</var>. If necessary,
the new array may be padded with elements from <var>PAD</var> or permuted
as defined by <var>ORDER</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = RESHAPE(SOURCE, SHAPE[, PAD, ORDER])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SOURCE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHAPE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code> and an 
array of rank one. Its values must be positive or zero.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PAD</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be an array of the same 
type as <var>SOURCE</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ORDER</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>
and an array of the same shape as <var>SHAPE</var>. Its values shall
be a permutation of the numbers from 1 to n, where n is the size of 
<var>SHAPE</var>. If <var>ORDER</var> is absent, the natural ordering shall
be assumed.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is an array of shape <var>SHAPE</var> with the same type as 
<var>SOURCE</var>. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_reshape
  INTEGER, DIMENSION(4) :: x
  WRITE(*,*) SHAPE(x)                       ! prints &quot;4&quot;
  WRITE(*,*) SHAPE(RESHAPE(x, (/2, 2/)))    ! prints &quot;2 2&quot;
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SHAPE">SHAPE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RRSPACING"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#RSHIFT" accesskey="n" rel="next">RSHIFT</a>, Previous: <a href="#RESHAPE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RESHAPE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RRSPACING-_002d_002d_002d-Reciprocal-of-the-relative-spacing"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.183 <code>RRSPACING</code> &mdash; Reciprocal of the relative spacing</h3>
<a name="index-RRSPACING"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-relative-spacing"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-relative-spacing"></a>


<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RRSPACING(X)</code> returns the  reciprocal of the relative spacing of
model numbers near <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = RRSPACING(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as <var>X</var>.
The value returned is equal to
<code>ABS(FRACTION(X)) * FLOAT(RADIX(X))**DIGITS(X)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SPACING">SPACING</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="RSHIFT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SCALE" accesskey="n" rel="next">SCALE</a>, Previous: <a href="#RRSPACING" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RRSPACING</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="RSHIFT-_002d_002d_002d-Right-shift-bits"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.184 <code>RSHIFT</code> &mdash; Right shift bits</h3>
<a name="index-RSHIFT"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-shift-right"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RSHIFT</code> returns a value corresponding to <var>I</var> with all of the
bits shifted right by <var>SHIFT</var> places.  If the absolute value of
<var>SHIFT</var> is greater than <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>, the value is undefined. 
Bits shifted out from the left end are lost; zeros are shifted in from
the opposite end.
</p>
<p>This function has been superseded by the <code>ISHFT</code> intrinsic, which
is standard in Fortran 95 and later.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = RSHIFT(I, SHIFT)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SHIFT</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of the same kind as
<var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ISHFT">ISHFT</a>, <a href="#ISHFTC">ISHFTC</a>, <a href="#LSHIFT">LSHIFT</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SCALE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SCAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">SCAN</a>, Previous: <a href="#RSHIFT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">RSHIFT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SCALE-_002d_002d_002d-Scale-a-real-value"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.185 <code>SCALE</code> &mdash; Scale a real value</h3>
<a name="index-SCALE"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-scale"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-scale"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SCALE(X,I)</code> returns <code>X * RADIX(X)**I</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SCALE(X, I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be a <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">The type of the argument shall be a <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as <var>X</var>.
Its value is <code>X * RADIX(X)**I</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_scale
  real :: x = 178.1387e-4
  integer :: i = 5
  print *, scale(x,i), x*radix(x)**i
end program test_scale
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SCAN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SECNDS" accesskey="n" rel="next">SECNDS</a>, Previous: <a href="#SCALE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SCALE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SCAN-_002d_002d_002d-Scan-a-string-for-the-presence-of-a-set-of-characters"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.186 <code>SCAN</code> &mdash; Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters</h3>
<a name="index-SCAN"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-find-subset"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Scans a <var>STRING</var> for any of the characters in a <var>SET</var> 
of characters.
</p>
<p>If <var>BACK</var> is either absent or equals <code>FALSE</code>, this function
returns the position of the leftmost character of <var>STRING</var> that is
in <var>SET</var>. If <var>BACK</var> equals <code>TRUE</code>, the rightmost position
is returned. If no character of <var>SET</var> is found in <var>STRING</var>, the 
result is zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SCAN(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SET</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BACK</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be of type <code>LOGICAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_scan
  WRITE(*,*) SCAN(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;AO&quot;)          ! 2, found 'O'
  WRITE(*,*) SCAN(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;AO&quot;, .TRUE.)  ! 6, found 'A'
  WRITE(*,*) SCAN(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;C++&quot;)         ! 0, found none
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#INDEX-intrinsic">INDEX intrinsic</a>, <a href="#VERIFY">VERIFY</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SECNDS"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SECOND" accesskey="n" rel="next">SECOND</a>, Previous: <a href="#SCAN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SCAN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SECNDS-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.187 <code>SECNDS</code> &mdash; Time function</h3>
<a name="index-SECNDS"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-elapsed-3"></a>
<a name="index-elapsed-time-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SECNDS(X)</code> gets the time in seconds from the real-time system clock.
<var>X</var> is a reference time, also in seconds. If this is zero, the time in
seconds from midnight is returned. This function is non-standard and its
use is discouraged.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SECNDS (X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>T</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL(4)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL(4)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>None
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_secnds
    integer :: i
    real(4) :: t1, t2
    print *, secnds (0.0)   ! seconds since midnight
    t1 = secnds (0.0)       ! reference time
    do i = 1, 10000000      ! do something
    end do
    t2 = secnds (t1)        ! elapsed time
    print *, &quot;Something took &quot;, t2, &quot; seconds.&quot;
end program test_secnds
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SECOND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND" accesskey="n" rel="next">SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</a>, Previous: <a href="#SECNDS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SECNDS</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SECOND-_002d_002d_002d-CPU-time-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.188 <code>SECOND</code> &mdash; CPU time function</h3>
<a name="index-SECOND"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-elapsed-4"></a>
<a name="index-elapsed-time-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <code>REAL(4)</code> value representing the elapsed CPU time in
seconds.  This provides the same functionality as the standard
<code>CPU_TIME</code> intrinsic, and is only included for backwards
compatibility.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL SECOND(TIME)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>TIME = SECOND()</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>TIME</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL(4)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>In either syntax, <var>TIME</var> is set to the process&rsquo;s current runtime in
seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND" accesskey="n" rel="next">SELECTED_INT_KIND</a>, Previous: <a href="#SECOND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SECOND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND-_002d_002d_002d-Choose-character-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.189 <code>SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</code> &mdash; Choose character kind</h3>
<a name="index-SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND"></a>
<a name="index-character-kind"></a>
<a name="index-kind_002c-character"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)</code> returns the kind value for the character
set named <var>NAME</var>, if a character set with such a name is supported,
or <em>-1</em> otherwise. Currently, supported character sets include
&ldquo;ASCII&rdquo; and &ldquo;DEFAULT&rdquo;, which are equivalent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar and of the default character type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program ascii_kind
  integer,parameter :: ascii = selected_char_kind(&quot;ascii&quot;)
  character(kind=ascii, len=26) :: s

  s = ascii_&quot;abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz&quot;
  print *, s
end program ascii_kind
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND" accesskey="n" rel="next">SELECTED_REAL_KIND</a>, Previous: <a href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND-_002d_002d_002d-Choose-integer-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.190 <code>SELECTED_INT_KIND</code> &mdash; Choose integer kind</h3>
<a name="index-SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND"></a>
<a name="index-integer-kind"></a>
<a name="index-kind_002c-integer"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SELECTED_INT_KIND(I)</code> return the kind value of the smallest integer
type that can represent all values ranging from <em>-10^I</em> (exclusive)
to <em>10^I</em> (exclusive). If there is no integer kind that accommodates
this range, <code>SELECTED_INT_KIND</code> returns <em>-1</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SELECTED_INT_KIND(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar and of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program large_integers
  integer,parameter :: k5 = selected_int_kind(5)
  integer,parameter :: k15 = selected_int_kind(15)
  integer(kind=k5) :: i5
  integer(kind=k15) :: i15

  print *, huge(i5), huge(i15)

  ! The following inequalities are always true
  print *, huge(i5) &gt;= 10_k5**5-1
  print *, huge(i15) &gt;= 10_k15**15-1
end program large_integers
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SET_005fEXPONENT" accesskey="n" rel="next">SET_EXPONENT</a>, Previous: <a href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SELECTED_INT_KIND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND-_002d_002d_002d-Choose-real-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.191 <code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND</code> &mdash; Choose real kind</h3>
<a name="index-SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND"></a>
<a name="index-real-kind"></a>
<a name="index-kind_002c-real"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND(P,R)</code> returns the kind value of a real data type
with decimal precision of at least <code>P</code> digits and exponent
range greater at least <code>R</code>. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(P, R)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>P</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar and of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>R</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar and of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>
<p>At least one argument shall be present.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND</code> returns the value of the kind type parameter of
a real data type with decimal precision of at least <code>P</code> digits and a
decimal exponent range of at least <code>R</code>. If more than one real data
type meet the criteria, the kind of the data type with the smallest
decimal precision is returned. If no real data type matches the criteria,
the result is
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>-1 if the processor does not support a real data type with a</dt>
<dd><p>precision greater than or equal to <code>P</code>
</p></dd>
<dt>-2 if the processor does not support a real type with an exponent</dt>
<dd><p>range greater than or equal to <code>R</code>
</p></dd>
<dt>-3 if neither is supported.</dt>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program real_kinds
  integer,parameter :: p6 = selected_real_kind(6)
  integer,parameter :: p10r100 = selected_real_kind(10,100)
  integer,parameter :: r400 = selected_real_kind(r=400)
  real(kind=p6) :: x
  real(kind=p10r100) :: y
  real(kind=r400) :: z

  print *, precision(x), range(x)
  print *, precision(y), range(y)
  print *, precision(z), range(z)
end program real_kinds
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SET_005fEXPONENT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SHAPE" accesskey="n" rel="next">SHAPE</a>, Previous: <a href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SELECTED_REAL_KIND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SET_005fEXPONENT-_002d_002d_002d-Set-the-exponent-of-the-model"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.192 <code>SET_EXPONENT</code> &mdash; Set the exponent of the model</h3>
<a name="index-SET_005fEXPONENT"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-set-exponent"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-set-exponent"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SET_EXPONENT(X, I)</code> returns the real number whose fractional part
is that that of <var>X</var> and whose exponent part is <var>I</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SET_EXPONENT(X, I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as <var>X</var>.
The real number whose fractional part
is that that of <var>X</var> and whose exponent part if <var>I</var> is returned;
it is <code>FRACTION(X) * RADIX(X)**I</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_setexp
  REAL :: x = 178.1387e-4
  INTEGER :: i = 17
  PRINT *, SET_EXPONENT(x, i), FRACTION(x) * RADIX(x)**i
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SHAPE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SIGN" accesskey="n" rel="next">SIGN</a>, Previous: <a href="#SET_005fEXPONENT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SET_EXPONENT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SHAPE-_002d_002d_002d-Determine-the-shape-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.193 <code>SHAPE</code> &mdash; Determine the shape of an array</h3>
<a name="index-SHAPE"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-shape"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the shape of an array.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SHAPE(SOURCE)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SOURCE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array or scalar of any type. 
If <var>SOURCE</var> is a pointer it must be associated and allocatable 
arrays must be allocated.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>An <code>INTEGER</code> array of rank one with as many elements as <var>SOURCE</var> 
has dimensions. The elements of the resulting array correspond to the extend
of <var>SOURCE</var> along the respective dimensions. If <var>SOURCE</var> is a scalar,
the result is the rank one array of size zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_shape
  INTEGER, DIMENSION(-1:1, -1:2) :: A
  WRITE(*,*) SHAPE(A)             ! (/ 3, 4 /)
  WRITE(*,*) SIZE(SHAPE(42))      ! (/ /)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#RESHAPE">RESHAPE</a>, <a href="#SIZE">SIZE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SIGN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SIGNAL" accesskey="n" rel="next">SIGNAL</a>, Previous: <a href="#SHAPE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SHAPE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SIGN-_002d_002d_002d-Sign-copying-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.194 <code>SIGN</code> &mdash; Sign copying function</h3>
<a name="index-SIGN"></a>
<a name="index-ISIGN"></a>
<a name="index-DSIGN"></a>
<a name="index-sign-copying"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SIGN(A,B)</code> returns the value of <var>A</var> with the sign of <var>B</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SIGN(A, B)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code> or <code>REAL</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>B</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of the same type and kind as <var>A</var></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The kind of the return value is that of <var>A</var> and <var>B</var>.
If <em>B\ge 0</em> then the result is <code>ABS(A)</code>, else
it is <code>-ABS(A)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_sign
  print *, sign(-12,1)
  print *, sign(-12,0)
  print *, sign(-12,-1)

  print *, sign(-12.,1.)
  print *, sign(-12.,0.)
  print *, sign(-12.,-1.)
end program test_sign
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Arguments</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ISIGN(A,P)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>INTEGER(4)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DSIGN(A,P)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SIGNAL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SIN" accesskey="n" rel="next">SIN</a>, Previous: <a href="#SIGN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SIGN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SIGNAL-_002d_002d_002d-Signal-handling-subroutine-_0028or-function_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.195 <code>SIGNAL</code> &mdash; Signal handling subroutine (or function)</h3>
<a name="index-SIGNAL"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-signal-handling"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])</code> causes external subroutine
<var>HANDLER</var> to be executed with a single integer argument when signal
<var>NUMBER</var> occurs.  If <var>HANDLER</var> is an integer, it can be used to
turn off handling of signal <var>NUMBER</var> or revert to its default
action.  See <code>signal(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>If <code>SIGNAL</code> is called as a subroutine and the <var>STATUS</var> argument
is supplied, it is set to the value returned by <code>signal(2)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NUMBER</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar integer, with <code>INTENT(IN)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>HANDLER</var></td><td width="70%">Signal handler (<code>INTEGER FUNCTION</code> or
<code>SUBROUTINE</code>) or dummy/global <code>INTEGER</code> scalar.
<code>INTEGER</code>. It is <code>INTENT(IN)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) <var>STATUS</var> shall be a scalar
integer. It has <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The <code>SIGNAL</code> function returns the value returned by <code>signal(2)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_signal
  intrinsic signal
  external handler_print

  call signal (12, handler_print)
  call signal (10, 1)

  call sleep (30)
end program test_signal
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SIN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SINH" accesskey="n" rel="next">SINH</a>, Previous: <a href="#SIGNAL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SIGNAL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SIN-_002d_002d_002d-Sine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.196 <code>SIN</code> &mdash; Sine function</h3>
<a name="index-SIN"></a>
<a name="index-DSIN"></a>
<a name="index-CSIN"></a>
<a name="index-ZSIN"></a>
<a name="index-CDSIN"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-sine"></a>
<a name="index-sine"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SIN(X)</code> computes the sine of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SIN(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or
<code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value has same type and kind as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_sin
  real :: x = 0.0
  x = sin(x)
end program test_sin
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DSIN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CSIN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ZSIN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CDSIN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">f95, gnu</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ASIN">ASIN</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SINH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SIZE" accesskey="n" rel="next">SIZE</a>, Previous: <a href="#SIN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SIN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SINH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-sine-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.197 <code>SINH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic sine function</h3>
<a name="index-SINH"></a>
<a name="index-DSINH"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-sine"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-function_002c-sine"></a>
<a name="index-sine_002c-hyperbolic"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SINH(X)</code> computes the hyperbolic sine of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SINH(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_sinh
  real(8) :: x = - 1.0_8
  x = sinh(x)
end program test_sinh
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DSINH(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SIZE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SIZEOF" accesskey="n" rel="next">SIZEOF</a>, Previous: <a href="#SINH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SINH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SIZE-_002d_002d_002d-Determine-the-size-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.198 <code>SIZE</code> &mdash; Determine the size of an array</h3>
<a name="index-SIZE"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-size"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-number-of-elements-1"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-count-elements"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determine the extent of <var>ARRAY</var> along a specified dimension <var>DIM</var>,
or the total number of elements in <var>ARRAY</var> if <var>DIM</var> is absent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SIZE(ARRAY[, DIM [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of any type. If <var>ARRAY</var> is
a pointer it must be associated and allocatable arrays must be allocated.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> 
and its value shall be in the range from 1 to n, where n equals the rank 
of <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_size
  WRITE(*,*) SIZE((/ 1, 2 /))    ! 2
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SHAPE">SHAPE</a>, <a href="#RESHAPE">RESHAPE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="SIZEOF"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SLEEP" accesskey="n" rel="next">SLEEP</a>, Previous: <a href="#SIZE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SIZE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SIZEOF-_002d_002d_002d-Size-in-bytes-of-an-expression"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.199 <code>SIZEOF</code> &mdash; Size in bytes of an expression</h3>
<a name="index-SIZEOF"></a>
<a name="index-expression-size-1"></a>
<a name="index-size-of-an-expression-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SIZEOF(X)</code> calculates the number of bytes of storage the
expression <code>X</code> occupies.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Intrinsic function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>N = SIZEOF(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The argument shall be of any type, rank or shape.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type integer and of the system-dependent kind
<var>C_SIZE_T</var> (from the <var>ISO_C_BINDING</var> module). Its value is the
number of bytes occupied by the argument.  If the argument has the
<code>POINTER</code> attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area pointed
to is returned.  If the argument is of a derived type with <code>POINTER</code>
or <code>ALLOCATABLE</code> components, the return value doesn&rsquo;t account for
the sizes of the data pointed to by these components.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">   integer :: i
   real :: r, s(5)
   print *, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(r) == 5)
   end
</pre></div>
<p>The example will print <code>.TRUE.</code> unless you are using a platform
where default <code>REAL</code> variables are unusually padded.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#C_005fSIZEOF">C_SIZEOF</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="SLEEP"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SNGL" accesskey="n" rel="next">SNGL</a>, Previous: <a href="#SIZEOF" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SIZEOF</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SLEEP-_002d_002d_002d-Sleep-for-the-specified-number-of-seconds"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.200 <code>SLEEP</code> &mdash; Sleep for the specified number of seconds</h3>
<a name="index-SLEEP"></a>
<a name="index-delayed-execution-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Calling this subroutine causes the process to pause for <var>SECONDS</var> seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL SLEEP(SECONDS)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SECONDS</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be of default <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_sleep
  call sleep(5)
end
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SNGL"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SPACING" accesskey="n" rel="next">SPACING</a>, Previous: <a href="#SLEEP" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SLEEP</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SNGL-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-double-precision-real-to-default-real"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.201 <code>SNGL</code> &mdash; Convert double precision real to default real</h3>
<a name="index-SNGL"></a>
<a name="index-conversion_002c-to-real-4"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SNGL(A)</code> converts the double precision real <var>A</var>
to a default real value. This is an archaic form of <code>REAL</code>
that is specific to one type for <var>A</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SNGL(A)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>A</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be a double precision <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type default <code>REAL</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#DBLE">DBLE</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SPACING"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SPREAD" accesskey="n" rel="next">SPREAD</a>, Previous: <a href="#SNGL" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SNGL</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SPACING-_002d_002d_002d-Smallest-distance-between-two-numbers-of-a-given-type"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.202 <code>SPACING</code> &mdash; Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type</h3>
<a name="index-SPACING"></a>
<a name="index-real-number_002c-relative-spacing-1"></a>
<a name="index-floating-point_002c-relative-spacing-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the distance between the argument <var>X</var> and the nearest 
adjacent number of the same type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SPACING(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is of the same type as the input argument <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_spacing
  INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SGL = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=6, r=37)
  INTEGER, PARAMETER :: DBL = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=13, r=200)

  WRITE(*,*) spacing(1.0_SGL)      ! &quot;1.1920929E-07&quot;          on i686
  WRITE(*,*) spacing(1.0_DBL)      ! &quot;2.220446049250313E-016&quot; on i686
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#RRSPACING">RRSPACING</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SPREAD"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SQRT" accesskey="n" rel="next">SQRT</a>, Previous: <a href="#SPACING" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SPACING</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SPREAD-_002d_002d_002d-Add-a-dimension-to-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.203 <code>SPREAD</code> &mdash; Add a dimension to an array</h3>
<a name="index-SPREAD"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-increase-dimension"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-duplicate-elements"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-duplicate-dimensions"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Replicates a <var>SOURCE</var> array <var>NCOPIES</var> times along a specified 
dimension <var>DIM</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SPREAD(SOURCE, DIM, NCOPIES)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SOURCE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of any type and 
a rank less than seven.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code> with a 
value in the range from 1 to n+1, where n equals the rank of <var>SOURCE</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NCOPIES</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is an array of the same type as <var>SOURCE</var> and has rank n+1
where n equals the rank of <var>SOURCE</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_spread
  INTEGER :: a = 1, b(2) = (/ 1, 2 /)
  WRITE(*,*) SPREAD(A, 1, 2)            ! &quot;1 1&quot;
  WRITE(*,*) SPREAD(B, 1, 2)            ! &quot;1 1 2 2&quot;
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#UNPACK">UNPACK</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SQRT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SRAND" accesskey="n" rel="next">SRAND</a>, Previous: <a href="#SPREAD" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SPREAD</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SQRT-_002d_002d_002d-Square_002droot-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.204 <code>SQRT</code> &mdash; Square-root function</h3>
<a name="index-SQRT"></a>
<a name="index-DSQRT"></a>
<a name="index-CSQRT"></a>
<a name="index-ZSQRT"></a>
<a name="index-CDSQRT"></a>
<a name="index-root"></a>
<a name="index-square_002droot"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SQRT(X)</code> computes the square root of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SQRT(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code> or
<code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.
The kind type parameter is the same as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_sqrt
  real(8) :: x = 2.0_8
  complex :: z = (1.0, 2.0)
  x = sqrt(x)
  z = sqrt(z)
end program test_sqrt
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DSQRT(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CSQRT(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(4)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>ZSQRT(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>CDSQRT(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>COMPLEX(8)</code></td><td width="25%">GNU extension</td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SRAND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#STAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">STAT</a>, Previous: <a href="#SQRT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SQRT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SRAND-_002d_002d_002d-Reinitialize-the-random-number-generator"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.205 <code>SRAND</code> &mdash; Reinitialize the random number generator</h3>
<a name="index-SRAND"></a>
<a name="index-random-number-generation_002c-seeding-1"></a>
<a name="index-seeding-a-random-number-generator-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>SRAND</code> reinitializes the pseudo-random number generator
called by <code>RAND</code> and <code>IRAND</code>. The new seed used by the
generator is specified by the required argument <var>SEED</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL SRAND(SEED)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SEED</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER(kind=4)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Does not return anything.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>RAND</code> and <code>IRAND</code> for examples.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Notes</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The Fortran 2003 standard specifies the intrinsic <code>RANDOM_SEED</code> to
initialize the pseudo-random numbers generator and <code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code>
to generate pseudo-random numbers. Please note that in
GNU Fortran, these two sets of intrinsics (<code>RAND</code>,
<code>IRAND</code> and <code>SRAND</code> on the one hand, <code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code> and
<code>RANDOM_SEED</code> on the other hand) access two independent
pseudo-random number generators.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#RAND">RAND</a>, <a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED">RANDOM_SEED</a>, <a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="STAT"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SUM" accesskey="n" rel="next">SUM</a>, Previous: <a href="#SRAND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SRAND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="STAT-_002d_002d_002d-Get-file-status"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.206 <code>STAT</code> &mdash; Get file status</h3>
<a name="index-STAT"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-file-status-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>This function returns information about a file. No permissions are required on 
the file itself, but execute (search) permission is required on all of the 
directories in path that lead to the file.
</p>
<p>The elements that are obtained and stored in the array <code>BUFF</code>:
</p><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(1)</code></td><td width="70%">Device ID</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(2)</code></td><td width="70%">Inode number</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(3)</code></td><td width="70%">File mode</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(4)</code></td><td width="70%">Number of links</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(5)</code></td><td width="70%">Owner&rsquo;s uid</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(6)</code></td><td width="70%">Owner&rsquo;s gid</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(7)</code></td><td width="70%">ID of device containing directory entry for file (0 if not available)</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(8)</code></td><td width="70%">File size (bytes)</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(9)</code></td><td width="70%">Last access time</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(10)</code></td><td width="70%">Last modification time</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(11)</code></td><td width="70%">Last file status change time</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(12)</code></td><td width="70%">Preferred I/O block size (-1 if not available)</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>buff(13)</code></td><td width="70%">Number of blocks allocated (-1 if not available)</td></tr>
</table>

<p>Not all these elements are relevant on all systems. 
If an element is not relevant, it is returned as 0.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however,
only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL STAT(FILE,BUFF[,STATUS])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FILE</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>CHARACTER</code>, of the
default kind and a valid path within the file system.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BUFF</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) status flag of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>. Returns 0 
on success and a system specific error code otherwise.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_stat
  INTEGER, DIMENSION(13) :: buff
  INTEGER :: status

  CALL STAT(&quot;/etc/passwd&quot;, buff, status)

  IF (status == 0) THEN
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Device ID:',               T30, I19)&quot;) buff(1)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Inode number:',            T30, I19)&quot;) buff(2)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('File mode (octal):',       T30, O19)&quot;) buff(3)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Number of links:',         T30, I19)&quot;) buff(4)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Owner''s uid:',            T30, I19)&quot;) buff(5)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Owner''s gid:',            T30, I19)&quot;) buff(6)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Device where located:',    T30, I19)&quot;) buff(7)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('File size:',               T30, I19)&quot;) buff(8)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Last access time:',        T30, A19)&quot;) CTIME(buff(9))
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Last modification time',   T30, A19)&quot;) CTIME(buff(10))
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Last status change time:', T30, A19)&quot;) CTIME(buff(11))
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('Preferred block size:',    T30, I19)&quot;) buff(12)
    WRITE (*, FMT=&quot;('No. of blocks allocated:', T30, I19)&quot;) buff(13)
  END IF
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>To stat an open file: <a href="#FSTAT">FSTAT</a>, to stat a link: <a href="#LSTAT">LSTAT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SUM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SYMLNK" accesskey="n" rel="next">SYMLNK</a>, Previous: <a href="#STAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">STAT</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SUM-_002d_002d_002d-Sum-of-array-elements"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.207 <code>SUM</code> &mdash; Sum of array elements</h3>
<a name="index-SUM"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-sum"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-add-elements"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-conditionally-add-elements"></a>
<a name="index-sum-array-elements"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Adds the elements of <var>ARRAY</var> along dimension <var>DIM</var> if
the corresponding element in <var>MASK</var> is <code>TRUE</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = SUM(ARRAY[, MASK])</code>
<code>RESULT = SUM(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>INTEGER</code>, 
<code>REAL</code> or <code>COMPLEX</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type 
<code>INTEGER</code> with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n 
equals the rank of <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be of type <code>LOGICAL</code> 
and either be a scalar or an array of the same shape as <var>ARRAY</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result is of the same type as <var>ARRAY</var>.
</p>
<p>If <var>DIM</var> is absent, a scalar with the sum of all elements in <var>ARRAY</var>
is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank of 
<var>ARRAY</var>,and a shape similar to that of <var>ARRAY</var> with dimension <var>DIM</var> 
dropped is returned.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_sum
  INTEGER :: x(5) = (/ 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 /)
  print *, SUM(x)                        ! all elements, sum = 15
  print *, SUM(x, MASK=MOD(x, 2)==1)     ! odd elements, sum = 9
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#PRODUCT">PRODUCT</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SYMLNK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SYSTEM" accesskey="n" rel="next">SYSTEM</a>, Previous: <a href="#SUM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SUM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SYMLNK-_002d_002d_002d-Create-a-symbolic-link"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.208 <code>SYMLNK</code> &mdash; Create a symbolic link</h3>
<a name="index-SYMLNK"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-create-link-1"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-soft-link"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Makes a symbolic link from file <var>PATH1</var> to <var>PATH2</var>. A null
character (<code>CHAR(0)</code>) can be used to mark the end of the names in
<var>PATH1</var> and <var>PATH2</var>; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file
names are ignored.  If the <var>STATUS</var> argument is supplied, it
contains 0 on success or a nonzero error code upon return; see
<code>symlink(2)</code>.  If the system does not supply <code>symlink(2)</code>, 
<code>ENOSYS</code> is returned.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH1</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH2</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be of default <code>INTEGER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LINK">LINK</a>, <a href="#UNLINK">UNLINK</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SYSTEM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK" accesskey="n" rel="next">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a>, Previous: <a href="#SYMLNK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SYMLNK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SYSTEM-_002d_002d_002d-Execute-a-shell-command"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.209 <code>SYSTEM</code> &mdash; Execute a shell command</h3>
<a name="index-SYSTEM"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-system-call"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Passes the command <var>COMMAND</var> to a shell (see <code>system(3)</code>). If
argument <var>STATUS</var> is present, it contains the value returned by
<code>system(3)</code>, which is presumably 0 if the shell command succeeded.
Note that which shell is used to invoke the command is system-dependent
and environment-dependent.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL SYSTEM(COMMAND [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = SYSTEM(COMMAND)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>COMMAND</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be of default <code>INTEGER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="SYSTEM_005fCLOCK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">TAN</a>, Previous: <a href="#SYSTEM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SYSTEM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="SYSTEM_005fCLOCK-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.210 <code>SYSTEM_CLOCK</code> &mdash; Time function</h3>
<a name="index-SYSTEM_005fCLOCK"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-clock-ticks-2"></a>
<a name="index-clock-ticks-2"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Determines the <var>COUNT</var> of milliseconds of wall clock time since 
the Epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970) modulo <var>COUNT_MAX</var>, 
<var>COUNT_RATE</var> determines the number of clock ticks per second.
<var>COUNT_RATE</var> and <var>COUNT_MAX</var> are constant and specific to 
<code>gfortran</code>.
</p>
<p>If there is no clock, <var>COUNT</var> is set to <code>-HUGE(COUNT)</code>, and
<var>COUNT_RATE</var> and <var>COUNT_MAX</var> are set to zero 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK([COUNT, COUNT_RATE, COUNT_MAX])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>COUNT</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type default 
<code>INTEGER</code> with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>COUNT_RATE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type default 
<code>INTEGER</code> with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>COUNT_MAX</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type default 
<code>INTEGER</code> with <code>INTENT(OUT)</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_system_clock
  INTEGER :: count, count_rate, count_max
  CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK(count, count_rate, count_max)
  WRITE(*,*) count, count_rate, count_max
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a>, <a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TAN"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TANH" accesskey="n" rel="next">TANH</a>, Previous: <a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TAN-_002d_002d_002d-Tangent-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.211 <code>TAN</code> &mdash; Tangent function</h3>
<a name="index-TAN"></a>
<a name="index-DTAN"></a>
<a name="index-trigonometric-function_002c-tangent"></a>
<a name="index-tangent"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>TAN(X)</code> computes the tangent of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TAN(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code>.  The kind type parameter is
the same as <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_tan
  real(8) :: x = 0.165_8
  x = tan(x)
end program test_tan
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DTAN(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ATAN">ATAN</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TANH"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TIME" accesskey="n" rel="next">TIME</a>, Previous: <a href="#TAN" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TAN</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TANH-_002d_002d_002d-Hyperbolic-tangent-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.212 <code>TANH</code> &mdash; Hyperbolic tangent function</h3>
<a name="index-TANH"></a>
<a name="index-DTANH"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-tangent"></a>
<a name="index-hyperbolic-function_002c-tangent"></a>
<a name="index-tangent_002c-hyperbolic"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>TANH(X)</code> computes the hyperbolic tangent of <var>X</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 77 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>X = TANH(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>REAL</code> and lies in the range
<em>- 1 \leq tanh(x) \leq 1 </em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">program test_tanh
  real(8) :: x = 2.1_8
  x = tanh(x)
end program test_tanh
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>Specific names</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="20%">Argument</td><td width="20%">Return type</td><td width="25%">Standard</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>DTANH(X)</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8) X</code></td><td width="20%"><code>REAL(8)</code></td><td width="25%">Fortran 95 and later</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TIME"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TIME8" accesskey="n" rel="next">TIME8</a>, Previous: <a href="#TANH" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TANH</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TIME-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.213 <code>TIME</code> &mdash; Time function</h3>
<a name="index-TIME"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-current-3"></a>
<a name="index-current-time-3"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the current time encoded as an integer (in the manner of the
UNIX function <code>time(3)</code>). This value is suitable for passing to
<code>CTIME()</code>, <code>GMTIME()</code>, and <code>LTIME()</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is not fully portable, such as to systems with 32-bit
<code>INTEGER</code> types but supporting times wider than 32 bits. Therefore,
the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or
numerically less than previous values, during a single run of the
compiled program.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a>, for information on a similar intrinsic that might be
portable to more GNU Fortran implementations, though to fewer Fortran
compilers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TIME()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(4)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a>, <a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a>, <a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a>, <a href="#MCLOCK">MCLOCK</a>, <a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TIME8"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TINY" accesskey="n" rel="next">TINY</a>, Previous: <a href="#TIME" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TIME</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TIME8-_002d_002d_002d-Time-function-_002864_002dbit_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.214 <code>TIME8</code> &mdash; Time function (64-bit)</h3>
<a name="index-TIME8"></a>
<a name="index-time_002c-current-4"></a>
<a name="index-current-time-4"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the current time encoded as an integer (in the manner of the
UNIX function <code>time(3)</code>). This value is suitable for passing to
<code>CTIME()</code>, <code>GMTIME()</code>, and <code>LTIME()</code>.
</p>
<p><em>Warning:</em> this intrinsic does not increase the range of the timing
values over that returned by <code>time(3)</code>. On a system with a 32-bit
<code>time(3)</code>, <code>TIME8()</code> will return a 32-bit value, even though
it is converted to a 64-bit <code>INTEGER(8)</code> value. That means
overflows of the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values
returned by this intrinsic might be or become negative or numerically
less than previous values during a single run of the compiled program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TIME8()</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is a scalar of type <code>INTEGER(8)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a>, <a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a>, <a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a>, <a href="#MCLOCK8">MCLOCK8</a>, <a href="#TIME">TIME</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TINY"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TRAILZ" accesskey="n" rel="next">TRAILZ</a>, Previous: <a href="#TIME8" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TIME8</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TINY-_002d_002d_002d-Smallest-positive-number-of-a-real-kind"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.215 <code>TINY</code> &mdash; Smallest positive number of a real kind</h3>
<a name="index-TINY"></a>
<a name="index-limits_002c-smallest-number"></a>
<a name="index-model-representation_002c-smallest-number"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>TINY(X)</code> returns the smallest positive (non zero) number
in the model of the type of <code>X</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TINY(X)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>REAL</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of the same type and kind as <var>X</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>See <code>HUGE</code> for an example.
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TRAILZ"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TRANSFER" accesskey="n" rel="next">TRANSFER</a>, Previous: <a href="#TINY" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TINY</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TRAILZ-_002d_002d_002d-Number-of-trailing-zero-bits-of-an-integer"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.216 <code>TRAILZ</code> &mdash; Number of trailing zero bits of an integer</h3>
<a name="index-TRAILZ"></a>
<a name="index-zero-bits-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>TRAILZ</code> returns the number of trailing zero bits of an integer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2008 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TRAILZ(I)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>I</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The type of the return value is the default <code>INTEGER</code>.
If all the bits of <code>I</code> are zero, the result value is <code>BIT_SIZE(I)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_trailz
  WRITE (*,*) TRAILZ(8)  ! prints 3
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#BIT_005fSIZE">BIT_SIZE</a>, <a href="#LEADZ">LEADZ</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TRANSFER"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TRANSPOSE" accesskey="n" rel="next">TRANSPOSE</a>, Previous: <a href="#TRAILZ" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TRAILZ</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TRANSFER-_002d_002d_002d-Transfer-bit-patterns"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.217 <code>TRANSFER</code> &mdash; Transfer bit patterns</h3>
<a name="index-TRANSFER"></a>
<a name="index-bits_002c-move-1"></a>
<a name="index-type-cast"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Interprets the bitwise representation of <var>SOURCE</var> in memory as if it
is the representation of a variable or array of the same type and type
parameters as <var>MOLD</var>.
</p>
<p>This is approximately equivalent to the C concept of <em>casting</em> one
type to another.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TRANSFER(SOURCE, MOLD[, SIZE])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SOURCE</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MOLD</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar or an array of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SIZE</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be a scalar of type 
<code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result has the same type as <var>MOLD</var>, with the bit level
representation of <var>SOURCE</var>.  If <var>SIZE</var> is present, the result is
a one-dimensional array of length <var>SIZE</var>.  If <var>SIZE</var> is absent
but <var>MOLD</var> is an array (of any size or shape), the result is a one-
dimensional array of the minimum length needed to contain the entirety
of the bitwise representation of <var>SOURCE</var>.   If <var>SIZE</var> is absent
and <var>MOLD</var> is a scalar, the result is a scalar.
</p>
<p>If the bitwise representation of the result is longer than that of
<var>SOURCE</var>, then the leading bits of the result correspond to those of
<var>SOURCE</var> and any trailing bits are filled arbitrarily.
</p>
<p>When the resulting bit representation does not correspond to a valid
representation of a variable of the same type as <var>MOLD</var>, the results
are undefined, and subsequent operations on the result cannot be
guaranteed to produce sensible behavior.  For example, it is possible to
create <code>LOGICAL</code> variables for which <code><var>VAR</var></code> and
<code>.NOT.<var>VAR</var></code> both appear to be true.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_transfer
  integer :: x = 2143289344
  print *, transfer(x, 1.0)    ! prints &quot;NaN&quot; on i686
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TRANSPOSE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TRIM" accesskey="n" rel="next">TRIM</a>, Previous: <a href="#TRANSFER" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TRANSFER</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TRANSPOSE-_002d_002d_002d-Transpose-an-array-of-rank-two"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.218 <code>TRANSPOSE</code> &mdash; Transpose an array of rank two</h3>
<a name="index-TRANSPOSE"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-transpose"></a>
<a name="index-matrix_002c-transpose"></a>
<a name="index-transpose"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transpose an array of rank two. Element (i, j) of the result has the value 
<code>MATRIX(j, i)</code>, for all i, j.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TRANSPOSE(MATRIX)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MATRIX</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of any type and have a rank of two.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The result has the same type as <var>MATRIX</var>, and has shape 
<code>(/ m, n /)</code> if <var>MATRIX</var> has shape <code>(/ n, m /)</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TRIM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#TTYNAM" accesskey="n" rel="next">TTYNAM</a>, Previous: <a href="#TRANSPOSE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TRANSPOSE</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TRIM-_002d_002d_002d-Remove-trailing-blank-characters-of-a-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.219 <code>TRIM</code> &mdash; Remove trailing blank characters of a string</h3>
<a name="index-TRIM"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-remove-trailing-whitespace"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Removes trailing blank characters of a string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = TRIM(STRING)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>A scalar of type <code>CHARACTER</code> which length is that of <var>STRING</var>
less the number of trailing blanks.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_trim
  CHARACTER(len=10), PARAMETER :: s = &quot;GFORTRAN  &quot;
  WRITE(*,*) LEN(s), LEN(TRIM(s))  ! &quot;10 8&quot;, with/without trailing blanks
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a>, <a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="TTYNAM"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#UBOUND" accesskey="n" rel="next">UBOUND</a>, Previous: <a href="#TRIM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TRIM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="TTYNAM-_002d_002d_002d-Get-the-name-of-a-terminal-device_002e"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.220 <code>TTYNAM</code> &mdash; Get the name of a terminal device.</h3>
<a name="index-TTYNAM"></a>
<a name="index-system_002c-terminal-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Get the name of a terminal device. For more information, 
see <code>ttyname(3)</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; 
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL TTYNAM(UNIT, NAME)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>NAME = TTYNAM(UNIT)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>UNIT</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>NAME</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_ttynam
  INTEGER :: unit
  DO unit = 1, 10
    IF (isatty(unit=unit)) write(*,*) ttynam(unit)
  END DO
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#ISATTY">ISATTY</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="UBOUND"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#UMASK" accesskey="n" rel="next">UMASK</a>, Previous: <a href="#TTYNAM" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TTYNAM</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="UBOUND-_002d_002d_002d-Upper-dimension-bounds-of-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.221 <code>UBOUND</code> &mdash; Upper dimension bounds of an array</h3>
<a name="index-UBOUND"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-upper-bound"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Returns the upper bounds of an array, or a single upper bound
along the <var>DIM</var> dimension.
</p></dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Inquiry function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = UBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>ARRAY</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array, of any type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>DIM</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
If <var>DIM</var> is absent, the result is an array of the upper bounds of
<var>ARRAY</var>.  If <var>DIM</var> is present, the result is a scalar
corresponding to the upper bound of the array along that dimension.  If
<var>ARRAY</var> is an expression rather than a whole array or array
structure component, or if it has a zero extent along the relevant
dimension, the upper bound is taken to be the number of elements along
the relevant dimension.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LBOUND">LBOUND</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="UMASK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#UNLINK" accesskey="n" rel="next">UNLINK</a>, Previous: <a href="#UBOUND" accesskey="p" rel="prev">UBOUND</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="UMASK-_002d_002d_002d-Set-the-file-creation-mask"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.222 <code>UMASK</code> &mdash; Set the file creation mask</h3>
<a name="index-UMASK"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-file-creation-mask"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Sets the file creation mask to <var>MASK</var> and returns the old value in
argument <var>OLD</var> if it is supplied. See <code>umask(2)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>CALL UMASK(MASK [, OLD])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be a scalar of type <code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
<code>INTEGER</code>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="UNLINK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#UNPACK" accesskey="n" rel="next">UNPACK</a>, Previous: <a href="#UMASK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">UMASK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="UNLINK-_002d_002d_002d-Remove-a-file-from-the-file-system"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.223 <code>UNLINK</code> &mdash; Remove a file from the file system</h3>
<a name="index-UNLINK"></a>
<a name="index-file-system_002c-remove-file"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Unlinks the file <var>PATH</var>. A null character (<code>CHAR(0)</code>) can be
used to mark the end of the name in <var>PATH</var>; otherwise, trailing
blanks in the file name are ignored.  If the <var>STATUS</var> argument is
supplied, it contains 0 on success or a nonzero error code upon return;
see <code>unlink(2)</code>.
</p>
<p>This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Subroutine, function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>CALL UNLINK(PATH [, STATUS])</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="80%"><code>STATUS = UNLINK(PATH)</code></td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>PATH</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of default <code>CHARACTER</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STATUS</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) Shall be of default <code>INTEGER</code> type.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#LINK">LINK</a>, <a href="#SYMLNK">SYMLNK</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="UNPACK"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#VERIFY" accesskey="n" rel="next">VERIFY</a>, Previous: <a href="#UNLINK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">UNLINK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="UNPACK-_002d_002d_002d-Unpack-an-array-of-rank-one-into-an-array"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.224 <code>UNPACK</code> &mdash; Unpack an array of rank one into an array</h3>
<a name="index-UNPACK"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-unpacking"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-increase-dimension-1"></a>
<a name="index-array_002c-scatter-elements"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Store the elements of <var>VECTOR</var> in an array of higher rank.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Transformational function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = UNPACK(VECTOR, MASK, FIELD)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>VECTOR</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of any type and rank one. It 
shall have at least as many elements as <var>MASK</var> has <code>TRUE</code> values.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>MASK</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be an array of type <code>LOGICAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>FIELD</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of the same type as <var>VECTOR</var> and have
the same shape as <var>MASK</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The resulting array corresponds to <var>FIELD</var> with <code>TRUE</code> elements
of <var>MASK</var> replaced by values from <var>VECTOR</var> in array element order.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_unpack
  integer :: vector(2)  = (/1,1/)
  logical :: mask(4)  = (/ .TRUE., .FALSE., .FALSE., .TRUE. /)
  integer :: field(2,2) = 0, unity(2,2)

  ! result: unity matrix
  unity = unpack(vector, reshape(mask, (/2,2/)), field)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#PACK">PACK</a>, <a href="#SPREAD">SPREAD</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="VERIFY"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#XOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">XOR</a>, Previous: <a href="#UNPACK" accesskey="p" rel="prev">UNPACK</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="VERIFY-_002d_002d_002d-Scan-a-string-for-the-absence-of-a-set-of-characters"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.225 <code>VERIFY</code> &mdash; Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters</h3>
<a name="index-VERIFY"></a>
<a name="index-string_002c-find-missing-set"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Verifies that all the characters in a <var>SET</var> are present in a <var>STRING</var>.
</p>
<p>If <var>BACK</var> is either absent or equals <code>FALSE</code>, this function
returns the position of the leftmost character of <var>STRING</var> that is
not in <var>SET</var>. If <var>BACK</var> equals <code>TRUE</code>, the rightmost position
is returned. If all characters of <var>SET</var> are found in <var>STRING</var>, the 
result is zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 and later, with <var>KIND</var> argument Fortran 2003 and later
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Elemental function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = VERIFY(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>STRING</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>SET</var></td><td width="70%">Shall be of type <code>CHARACTER</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>BACK</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) shall be of type <code>LOGICAL</code>.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>KIND</var></td><td width="70%">(Optional) An <code>INTEGER</code> initialization
expression indicating the kind parameter of the result.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return value is of type <code>INTEGER</code> and of kind <var>KIND</var>. If
<var>KIND</var> is absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_verify
  WRITE(*,*) VERIFY(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;AO&quot;)           ! 1, found 'F'
  WRITE(*,*) VERIFY(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;FOO&quot;)          ! 3, found 'R'
  WRITE(*,*) VERIFY(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;C++&quot;)          ! 1, found 'F'
  WRITE(*,*) VERIFY(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;C++&quot;, .TRUE.)  ! 7, found 'N'
  WRITE(*,*) VERIFY(&quot;FORTRAN&quot;, &quot;FORTRAN&quot;)      ! 0' found none
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><a href="#SCAN">SCAN</a>, <a href="#INDEX-intrinsic">INDEX intrinsic</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="XOR"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#VERIFY" accesskey="p" rel="prev">VERIFY</a>, Up: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="u" rel="up">Intrinsic Procedures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="XOR-_002d_002d_002d-Bitwise-logical-exclusive-OR"></a>
<h3 class="section">7.226 <code>XOR</code> &mdash; Bitwise logical exclusive OR</h3>
<a name="index-XOR"></a>
<a name="index-bitwise-logical-exclusive-or-1"></a>
<a name="index-logical-exclusive-or_002c-bitwise-1"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Description</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Bitwise logical exclusive or. 
</p>
<p>This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with 
GNU Fortran 77.  For integer arguments, programmers should consider
the use of the <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a> intrinsic defined by the Fortran standard.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>GNU extension
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Class</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Function
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Syntax</em>:</dt>
<dd><p><code>RESULT = XOR(X, Y)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>X</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be either  a scalar <code>INTEGER</code>
type or a scalar <code>LOGICAL</code> type.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>Y</var></td><td width="70%">The type shall be the same as the type of <var>I</var>.</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt><em>Return value</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>The return type is either a scalar <code>INTEGER</code> or a scalar
<code>LOGICAL</code>.  If the kind type parameters differ, then the
smaller kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the 
return has the larger kind.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Example</em>:</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">PROGRAM test_xor
  LOGICAL :: T = .TRUE., F = .FALSE.
  INTEGER :: a, b
  DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /

  WRITE (*,*) XOR(T, T), XOR(T, F), XOR(F, T), XOR(F, F)
  WRITE (*,*) XOR(a, b)
END PROGRAM
</pre></div>

</dd>
<dt><em>See also</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 95 elemental function: <a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="Intrinsic-Modules"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Contributing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Contributing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Intrinsic Procedures</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Intrinsic-Modules-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">8 Intrinsic Modules</h2>
<a name="index-intrinsic-Modules"></a>

<a name="ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.1 <code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code></h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code> module provides the following scalar default-integer
named constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>CHARACTER_STORAGE_SIZE</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>Size in bits of the character storage unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>ERROR_UNIT</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>Identifies the preconnected unit used for error reporting.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>FILE_STORAGE_SIZE</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>Size in bits of the file-storage unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>INPUT_UNIT</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk
(<code>*</code>) in <code>READ</code> statement.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>IOSTAT_END</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>The value assigned to the variable passed to the IOSTAT= specifier of
an input/output statement if an end-of-file condition occurred.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>IOSTAT_EOR</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>The value assigned to the variable passed to the IOSTAT= specifier of
an input/output statement if an end-of-record condition occurred.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>NUMERIC_STORAGE_SIZE</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>The size in bits of the numeric storage unit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>OUTPUT_UNIT</code>:</dt>
<dd><p>Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk
(<code>*</code>) in <code>WRITE</code> statement.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<a name="ISO_005fC_005fBINDING"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.2 <code>ISO_C_BINDING</code></h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>Fortran 2003 and later, GNU extensions
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>The following intrinsic procedures are provided by the module; their
definition can be found in the section Intrinsic Procedures of this
manual.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>C_ASSOCIATED</code></dt>
<dt><code>C_F_POINTER</code></dt>
<dt><code>C_F_PROCPOINTER</code></dt>
<dt><code>C_FUNLOC</code></dt>
<dt><code>C_LOC</code></dt>
</dl>

<p>The <code>ISO_C_BINDING</code> module provides the following named constants of the
type integer, which can be used as KIND type parameter. Note that GNU
Fortran currently does not support the <code>C_INT_FAST...</code> KIND type
parameters (marked by an asterisk (<code>*</code>) in the list below).
The <code>C_INT_FAST...</code> parameters have therefore the value <em>-2</em>
and cannot be used as KIND type parameter of the <code>INTEGER</code> type.
</p>
<p>In addition to the integer named constants required by the Fortran 2003 
standard, GNU Fortran provides as an extension named constants for the 
128-bit integer types supported by the C compiler: <code>C_INT128_T, 
C_INT_LEAST128_T, C_INT_FAST128_T</code>.
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="15%">Fortran Type</td><td width="35%">Named constant</td><td width="35%">C type</td><td width="35%">Extension</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_SHORT</code></td><td width="35%"><code>short int</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_LONG</code></td><td width="35%"><code>long int</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_LONG_LONG</code></td><td width="35%"><code>long long int</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_SIGNED_CHAR</code></td><td width="35%"><code>signed char</code>/<code>unsigned char</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_SIZE_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>size_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT8_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int8_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT16_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int16_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT32_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int32_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT64_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int64_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT128_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int128_t</code></td><td width="35%">Ext.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_LEAST8_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int_least8_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_LEAST16_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int_least16_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_LEAST32_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int_least32_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_LEAST64_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int_least64_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_LEAST128_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>int_least128_t</code></td><td width="35%">Ext.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_FAST8_T</code>*</td><td width="35%"><code>int_fast8_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_FAST16_T</code>*</td><td width="35%"><code>int_fast16_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_FAST32_T</code>*</td><td width="35%"><code>int_fast32_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_FAST64_T</code>*</td><td width="35%"><code>int_fast64_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INT_FAST128_T</code>*</td><td width="35%"><code>int_fast128_t</code></td><td width="35%">Ext.</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INTMAX_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>intmax_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>INTEGER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_INTPTR_T</code></td><td width="35%"><code>intptr_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>REAL</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_FLOAT</code></td><td width="35%"><code>float</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>REAL</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_DOUBLE</code></td><td width="35%"><code>double</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>REAL</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_LONG_DOUBLE</code></td><td width="35%"><code>long double</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>COMPLEX</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_FLOAT_COMPLEX</code></td><td width="35%"><code>float _Complex</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>COMPLEX</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_DOUBLE_COMPLEX</code></td><td width="35%"><code>double _Complex</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>COMPLEX</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX</code></td><td width="35%"><code>long double _Complex</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>LOGICAL</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_BOOL</code></td><td width="35%"><code>_Bool</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><code>CHARACTER</code></td><td width="35%"><code>C_CHAR</code></td><td width="35%"><code>char</code></td></tr>
</table>

<p>Additionally, the following <code>(CHARACTER(KIND=C_CHAR))</code> are
defined.
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="20%">Name</td><td width="45%">C definition</td><td width="15%">Value</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_NULL_CHAR</code></td><td width="45%">null character</td><td width="15%"><code>'\0'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_ALERT</code></td><td width="45%">alert</td><td width="15%"><code>'\a'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_BACKSPACE</code></td><td width="45%">backspace</td><td width="15%"><code>'\b'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_FORM_FEED</code></td><td width="45%">form feed</td><td width="15%"><code>'\f'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_NEW_LINE</code></td><td width="45%">new line</td><td width="15%"><code>'\n'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_CARRIAGE_RETURN</code></td><td width="45%">carriage return</td><td width="15%"><code>'\r'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_HORIZONTAL_TAB</code></td><td width="45%">horizontal tab</td><td width="15%"><code>'\t'</code></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%"><code>C_VERTICAL_TAB</code></td><td width="45%">vertical tab</td><td width="15%"><code>'\v'</code></td></tr>
</table>

<a name="OpenMP-Modules-OMP_005fLIB-and-OMP_005fLIB_005fKINDS"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.3 OpenMP Modules <code>OMP_LIB</code> and <code>OMP_LIB_KINDS</code></h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Standard</em>:</dt>
<dd><p>OpenMP Application Program Interface v3.0
</p></dd>
</dl>


<p>The OpenMP Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in
a form of two Fortran 90 modules, named <code>OMP_LIB</code> and 
<code>OMP_LIB_KINDS</code>, and in a form of a Fortran <code>include</code> file named
<samp>omp_lib.h</samp>. The procedures provided by <code>OMP_LIB</code> can be found
in the <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libgomp/index.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>GNU OpenMP runtime library</cite> manual,
the named constants defined in the <code>OMP_LIB_KINDS</code> module are listed
below.
</p>
<p>For details refer to the actual
<a href="http://www.openmp.org/mp-documents/spec30.pdf">OpenMP Application Program Interface v3.0</a>.
</p>
<p><code>OMP_LIB_KINDS</code> provides the following scalar default-integer
named constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>omp_integer_kind</code></dt>
<dt><code>omp_logical_kind</code></dt>
<dt><code>omp_lock_kind</code></dt>
<dt><code>omp_nest_lock_kind</code></dt>
<dt><code>omp_sched_kind</code></dt>
</dl>




<hr>
<a name="Contributing"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="n" rel="next">Copying</a>, Previous: <a href="#Intrinsic-Modules" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Intrinsic Modules</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Contributing-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Contributing</h2>
<a name="index-Contributing"></a>

<p>Free software is only possible if people contribute to efforts
to create it.
We&rsquo;re always in need of more people helping out with ideas
and comments, writing documentation and contributing code.
</p>
<p>If you want to contribute to GNU Fortran,
have a look at the long lists of projects you can take on.
Some of these projects are small,
some of them are large;
some are completely orthogonal to the rest of what is
happening on GNU Fortran,
but others are &ldquo;mainstream&rdquo; projects in need of enthusiastic hackers.
All of these projects are important!
We&rsquo;ll eventually get around to the things here,
but they are also things doable by someone who is willing and able.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contributors" accesskey="1">Contributors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Projects" accesskey="2">Projects</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Proposed-Extensions" accesskey="3">Proposed Extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>


<hr>
<a name="Contributors"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Projects" accesskey="n" rel="next">Projects</a>, Up: <a href="#Contributing" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contributing</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Contributors-to-GNU-Fortran"></a>
<h3 class="section">Contributors to GNU Fortran</h3>
<a name="index-Contributors"></a>
<a name="index-Credits"></a>
<a name="index-Authors"></a>

<p>Most of the parser was hand-crafted by <em>Andy Vaught</em>, who is
also the initiator of the whole project.  Thanks Andy!
Most of the interface with GCC was written by <em>Paul Brook</em>.
</p>
<p>The following individuals have contributed code and/or
ideas and significant help to the GNU Fortran project
(in alphabetical order):
</p>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li>- Janne Blomqvist
</li><li>- Steven Bosscher
</li><li>- Paul Brook
</li><li>- Tobias Burnus
</li><li>- Fran&ccedil;ois-Xavier Coudert
</li><li>- Bud Davis
</li><li>- Jerry DeLisle
</li><li>- Erik Edelmann
</li><li>- Bernhard Fischer
</li><li>- Daniel Franke
</li><li>- Richard Guenther
</li><li>- Richard Henderson
</li><li>- Katherine Holcomb
</li><li>- Jakub Jelinek
</li><li>- Niels Kristian Bech Jensen
</li><li>- Steven Johnson
</li><li>- Steven G. Kargl
</li><li>- Thomas Koenig
</li><li>- Asher Langton
</li><li>- H. J. Lu
</li><li>- Toon Moene
</li><li>- Brooks Moses
</li><li>- Andrew Pinski
</li><li>- Tim Prince
</li><li>- Christopher D. Rickett
</li><li>- Richard Sandiford
</li><li>- Tobias Schl&uuml;ter
</li><li>- Roger Sayle
</li><li>- Paul Thomas
</li><li>- Andy Vaught
</li><li>- Feng Wang
</li><li>- Janus Weil
</li></ul>

<p>The following people have contributed bug reports,
smaller or larger patches,
and much needed feedback and encouragement for the
GNU Fortran project: 
</p>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li>- Bill Clodius
</li><li>- Dominique d&rsquo;Humi&egrave;res
</li><li>- Kate Hedstrom
</li><li>- Erik Schnetter
</li></ul>

<p>Many other individuals have helped debug,
test and improve the GNU Fortran compiler over the past few years,
and we welcome you to do the same!
If you already have done so,
and you would like to see your name listed in the
list above, please contact us.
</p>

<hr>
<a name="Projects"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Proposed-Extensions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Proposed Extensions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Contributors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Contributors</a>, Up: <a href="#Contributing" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contributing</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Projects-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">Projects</h3>

<dl compact="compact">
<dt><em>Help build the test suite</em></dt>
<dd><p>Solicit more code for donation to the test suite: the more extensive the
testsuite, the smaller the risk of breaking things in the future! We can
keep code private on request.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Bug hunting/squishing</em></dt>
<dd><p>Find bugs and write more test cases! Test cases are especially very
welcome, because it allows us to concentrate on fixing bugs instead of
isolating them. Going through the bugzilla database at
<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/">http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/</a> to reduce testcases posted there and
add more information (for example, for which version does the testcase
work, for which versions does it fail?) is also very helpful.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="Proposed-Extensions"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Projects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Projects</a>, Up: <a href="#Contributing" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contributing</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Proposed-Extensions-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">Proposed Extensions</h3>

<p>Here&rsquo;s a list of proposed extensions for the GNU Fortran compiler, in no particular
order.  Most of these are necessary to be fully compatible with
existing Fortran compilers, but they are not part of the official
J3 Fortran 95 standard.
</p>
<a name="Compiler-extensions_003a"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">Compiler extensions:</h4>
<ul>
<li> User-specified alignment rules for structures.

</li><li> Automatically extend single precision constants to double.

</li><li> Compile code that conserves memory by dynamically allocating common and
module storage either on stack or heap.

</li><li> Compile flag to generate code for array conformance checking (suggest -CC).

</li><li> User control of symbol names (underscores, etc).

</li><li> Compile setting for maximum size of stack frame size before spilling
parts to static or heap.

</li><li> Flag to force local variables into static space.

</li><li> Flag to force local variables onto stack.
</li></ul>


<a name="Environment-Options"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">Environment Options</h4>
<ul>
<li> Pluggable library modules for random numbers, linear algebra.
LA should use BLAS calling conventions.

</li><li> Environment variables controlling actions on arithmetic exceptions like
overflow, underflow, precision loss&mdash;Generate NaN, abort, default.
action.

</li><li> Set precision for fp units that support it (i387).

</li><li> Variable for setting fp rounding mode.

</li><li> Variable to fill uninitialized variables with a user-defined bit
pattern.

</li><li> Environment variable controlling filename that is opened for that unit
number.

</li><li> Environment variable to clear/trash memory being freed.

</li><li> Environment variable to control tracing of allocations and frees.

</li><li> Environment variable to display allocated memory at normal program end.

</li><li> Environment variable for filename for * IO-unit.

</li><li> Environment variable for temporary file directory.

</li><li> Environment variable forcing standard output to be line buffered (unix).

</li></ul>



<hr>
<a name="Copying"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Previous: <a href="#Contributing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Contributing</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNU-General-Public-License"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">GNU General Public License</h2>
<div align="center">Version 3, 29 June 2007
</div>

<div class="display">
<pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></div>

<a name="Preamble"></a>
<h3 class="heading">Preamble</h3>

<p>The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
</p>
<p>The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
to share and change all versions of a program&ndash;to make sure it remains
free software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation,
use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it
applies also to any other work released this way by its authors.  You
can apply it to your programs, too.
</p>
<p>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
</p>
<p>To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you
have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom
of others.
</p>
<p>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too,
receive or can get the source code.  And you must show them these
terms so they know their rights.
</p>
<p>Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
</p>
<p>For the developers&rsquo; and authors&rsquo; protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users&rsquo; and
authors&rsquo; sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
</p>
<p>Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the
manufacturer can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the
aim of protecting users&rsquo; freedom to change the software.  The
systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
practice for those products.  If such problems arise substantially in
other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those
domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the
freedom of users.
</p>
<p>Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish
to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program
could make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL
assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
</p>
<p>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
</p>
<a name="TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS"></a>
<h3 class="heading">TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>

<ol>
<li> Definitions.

<p>&ldquo;This License&rdquo; refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;Copyright&rdquo; also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
of works, such as semiconductor masks.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;The Program&rdquo; refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License.  Each licensee is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;.  &ldquo;Licensees&rdquo; and
&ldquo;recipients&rdquo; may be individuals or organizations.
</p>
<p>To &ldquo;modify&rdquo; a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
an exact copy.  The resulting work is called a &ldquo;modified version&rdquo; of
the earlier work or a work &ldquo;based on&rdquo; the earlier work.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;covered work&rdquo; means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
</p>
<p>To &ldquo;propagate&rdquo; a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
</p>
<p>To &ldquo;convey&rdquo; a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user
through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
conveying.
</p>
<p>An interactive user interface displays &ldquo;Appropriate Legal Notices&rdquo; to
the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
</p>
</li><li> Source Code.

<p>The &ldquo;source code&rdquo; for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it.  &ldquo;Object code&rdquo; means any non-source form
of a work.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;Standard Interface&rdquo; means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
</p>
<p>The &ldquo;System Libraries&rdquo; of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
&ldquo;Major Component&rdquo;, in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
</p>
<p>The &ldquo;Corresponding Source&rdquo; for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities.  However, it does not include the work&rsquo;s
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
</p>
<p>The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
</p>
<p>The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
work.
</p>
</li><li> Basic Permissions.

<p>All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
</p>
<p>You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works for
you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
</p>
<p>Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
</p>
</li><li> Protecting Users&rsquo; Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

<p>No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
</p>
<p>When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
the work&rsquo;s users, your or third parties&rsquo; legal rights to forbid
circumvention of technological measures.
</p>
</li><li> Conveying Verbatim Copies.

<p>You may convey verbatim copies of the Program&rsquo;s source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
</p>
<p>You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
</p>
</li><li> Conveying Modified Source Versions.

<p>You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:
</p>
<ol>
<li> The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
and giving a relevant date.

</li><li> The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released
under this License and any conditions added under section 7.  This
requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to &ldquo;keep intact all
notices&rdquo;.

</li><li> You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This License will
therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms,
to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they
are packaged.  This License gives no permission to license the work in
any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
separately received it.

</li><li> If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
need not make them do so.
</li></ol>

<p>A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
&ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation&rsquo;s users
beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
</p>
</li><li> Conveying Non-Source Forms.

<p>You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
ways:
</p>
<ol>
<li> Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily
used for software interchange.

</li><li> Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written
offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you
offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give
anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the
Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is
covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used
for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable
cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access
to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.

</li><li> Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This alternative is
allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you
received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection
6b.

</li><li> Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to copy
the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be
on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
satisfy these requirements.

</li><li> Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of
the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
subsection 6d.

</li></ol>

<p>A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;User Product&rdquo; is either (1) a &ldquo;consumer product&rdquo;, which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
incorporation into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a
consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
coverage.  For a particular product received by a particular user,
&ldquo;normally used&rdquo; refers to a typical or common use of that class of
product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
to use, the product.  A product is a consumer product regardless of
whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
mode of use of the product.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;Installation Information&rdquo; for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The
information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
solely because modification has been made.
</p>
<p>If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
</p>
<p>The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
installed.  Access to a network may be denied when the modification
itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
network.
</p>
<p>Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
</p>
</li><li> Additional Terms.

<p>&ldquo;Additional permissions&rdquo; are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
</p>
<p>When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
</p>
<p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
</p>
<ol>
<li> Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or

</li><li> Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
displayed by works containing it; or

</li><li> Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or

</li><li> Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or

</li><li> Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
names, trademarks, or service marks; or

</li><li> Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
licensors and authors.
</li></ol>

<p>All other non-permissive additional terms are considered &ldquo;further
restrictions&rdquo; within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
</p>
<p>If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
</p>
<p>Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
above requirements apply either way.
</p>
</li><li> Termination.

<p>You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
</p>
<p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
</p>
<p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
</p>
<p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
</p>
</li><li> Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

<p>You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
</p>
</li><li> Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

<p>Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
</p>
<p>An &ldquo;entity transaction&rdquo; is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party&rsquo;s predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
</p>
<p>You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
</p>
</li><li> Patents.

<p>A &ldquo;contributor&rdquo; is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
work thus licensed is called the contributor&rsquo;s &ldquo;contributor version&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>A contributor&rsquo;s &ldquo;essential patent claims&rdquo; are all patent claims owned
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
</p>
<p>Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor&rsquo;s essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
</p>
<p>In the following three paragraphs, a &ldquo;patent license&rdquo; is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement).  To &ldquo;grant&rdquo; such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
</p>
<p>If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients.  &ldquo;Knowingly relying&rdquo; means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient&rsquo;s use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
</p>
<p>If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
</p>
<p>A patent license is &ldquo;discriminatory&rdquo; if it does not include within the
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered work if you
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
</p>
<p>Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
</p>
</li><li> No Surrender of Others&rsquo; Freedom.

<p>If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
consequence you may not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
from conveying the Program.
</p>
</li><li> Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

<p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
</p>
</li><li> Revised Versions of this License.

<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
</p>
<p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If
the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
</p>
<p>If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
choose that version for the Program.
</p>
<p>Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
</p>
</li><li> Disclaimer of Warranty.

<p>THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
</p>
</li><li> Limitation of Liability.

<p>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
</p>
</li><li> Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

<p>If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
</p>
</li></ol>

<a name="END-OF-TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS"></a>
<h3 class="heading">END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>

<a name="How-to-Apply-These-Terms-to-Your-New-Programs"></a>
<h3 class="heading">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>

<p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
</p>
<p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the &ldquo;copyright&rdquo; line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var>  
Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</pre></div>

<p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
</p>
<p>If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"><var>program</var> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var> 
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type &lsquo;<samp>show w</samp>&rsquo;.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type &lsquo;<samp>show c</samp>&rsquo; for details.
</pre></div>

<p>The hypothetical commands &lsquo;<samp>show w</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>show c</samp>&rsquo; should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your
program&rsquo;s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
use an &ldquo;about box&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a &ldquo;copyright disclaimer&rdquo; for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</p>
<p>The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.  But
first, please read <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
</p>



<hr>
<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Funding" accesskey="n" rel="next">Funding</a>, Previous: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Copying</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">GNU Free Documentation License</h2>

<a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>
<div align="center">Version 1.2, November 2002
</div>
<div class="display">
<pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></div>

<ol>
<li> PREAMBLE

<p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
</p>
<p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
</p>
<p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</p>
</li><li> APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

<p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein.  The &ldquo;Document&rdquo;, below,
refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;.  You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&rsquo;s overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
</p>
<p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.
</p>
<p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
of text.  A copy that is not &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; is called &ldquo;Opaque&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
<small>ASCII</small> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available
<acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>,
PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification.  Examples
of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and
<acronym>JPG</acronym>.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or
<acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>,
PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
</p>
<p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&rsquo;s title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</p>
<p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;.)  To &ldquo;Preserve the Title&rdquo;
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; according to this definition.
</p>
<p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.
</p>
</li><li> VERBATIM COPYING

<p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</p>
<p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
</p>
</li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY

<p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document&rsquo;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
</p>
<p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
</p>
<p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.
</p>
<p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</p>
</li><li> MODIFICATIONS

<p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</p>
<ol>
<li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

</li><li> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.

</li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.

</li><li> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

</li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.

</li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

</li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document&rsquo;s license notice.

</li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License.

</li><li> Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.

</li><li> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on.  These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

</li><li> For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.

</li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

</li><li> Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;.  Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.

</li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

</li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</li></ol>

<p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&rsquo;s license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
</p>
<p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</p>
<p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
</p>
<p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p>
</li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS

<p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</p>
<p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
</p>
<p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
&ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;.  You must delete all
sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
</p>
</li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

<p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</p>
<p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p>
</li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

<p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation&rsquo;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</p>
<p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document&rsquo;s Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
</p>
</li><li> TRANSLATION

<p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</p>
<p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
</p>
</li><li> TERMINATION

<p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
</p>
</li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
</p>
<p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
</p></li></ol>

<a name="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>

<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  Copyright (C)  <var>year</var>  <var>your name</var>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.
</pre></div>

<p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the &ldquo;with...Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being <var>list</var>.
</pre></div>

<p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</p>
<p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
</p>





<hr>
<a name="Funding"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Option-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Option Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Funding-Free-Software"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Funding Free Software</h2>

<p>If you want to have more free software a few years from now, it makes
sense for you to help encourage people to contribute funds for its
development.  The most effective approach known is to encourage
commercial redistributors to donate.
</p>
<p>Users of free software systems can boost the pace of development by
encouraging for-a-fee distributors to donate part of their selling price
to free software developers&mdash;the Free Software Foundation, and others.
</p>
<p>The way to convince distributors to do this is to demand it and expect
it from them.  So when you compare distributors, judge them partly by
how much they give to free software development.  Show distributors
they must compete to be the one who gives the most.
</p>
<p>To make this approach work, you must insist on numbers that you can
compare, such as, &ldquo;We will donate ten dollars to the Frobnitz project
for each disk sold.&rdquo;  Don&rsquo;t be satisfied with a vague promise, such as
&ldquo;A portion of the profits are donated,&rdquo; since it doesn&rsquo;t give a basis
for comparison.
</p>
<p>Even a precise fraction &ldquo;of the profits from this disk&rdquo; is not very
meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions
can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit.
If the price you pay is $50, ten percent of the profit is probably
less than a dollar; it might be a few cents, or nothing at all.
</p>
<p>Some redistributors do development work themselves.  This is useful too;
but to keep everyone honest, you need to inquire how much they do, and
what kind.  Some kinds of development make much more long-term
difference than others.  For example, maintaining a separate version of
a program contributes very little; maintaining the standard version of a
program for the whole community contributes much.  Easy new ports
contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult
ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU Compiler Collection contribute more;
major new features or packages contribute the most.
</p>
<p>By establishing the idea that supporting further development is &ldquo;the
proper thing to do&rdquo; when distributing free software for a fee, we can
assure a steady flow of resources into making more free software.
</p>
<div class="display">
<pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Verbatim copying and redistribution of this section is permitted
without royalty; alteration is not permitted.
</pre></div>


<hr>
<a name="Option-Index"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Keyword-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Keyword Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Funding" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Funding</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Option-Index-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Option Index</h2>
<p><code>gfortran</code>&rsquo;s command line options are indexed here without any
initial &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>--</samp>&rsquo;. Where an option has both positive and
negative forms (such as -foption and -fno-option), relevant entries in
the manual are indexed under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes
be useful to look up both forms.
</p><table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
</td></tr></table>
<table class="index-op" border="0">
<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-A_002dpredicate_003danswer"><code><code>A-<var>predicate</var>=<var>answer</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Apredicate_003danswer"><code><code>A<var>predicate</var>=<var>answer</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backslash-1"><code><code>backslash</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-C">C</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C"><code><code>C</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CC"><code><code>CC</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cpp"><code><code>cpp</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-D">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dD"><code><code>dD</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dI"><code><code>dI</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dM"><code><code>dM</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dN"><code><code>dN</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dname"><code><code>D<var>name</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dname_003ddefinition"><code><code>D<var>name</var>=<var>definition</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dU"><code><code>dU</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-falign_002dcommons"><code><code>falign-commons</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fall_002dintrinsics"><code><code>fall-intrinsics</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fbacktrace"><code><code>fbacktrace</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fblas_002dmatmul_002dlimit"><code><code>fblas-matmul-limit</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fbounds_002dcheck"><code><code>fbounds-check</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fcheck_002darray_002dtemporaries"><code><code>fcheck-array-temporaries</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fconvert_003dconversion"><code><code>fconvert=</code><var>conversion</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fcray_002dpointer"><code><code>fcray-pointer</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fd_002dlines_002das_002dcode"><code><code>fd-lines-as-code</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fd_002dlines_002das_002dcomments"><code><code>fd-lines-as-comments</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fdefault_002ddouble_002d8"><code><code>fdefault-double-8</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fdefault_002dinteger_002d8"><code><code>fdefault-integer-8</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fdefault_002dreal_002d8"><code><code>fdefault-real-8</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fdollar_002dok"><code><code>fdollar-ok</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fdump_002dcore"><code><code>fdump-core</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fdump_002dparse_002dtree"><code><code>fdump-parse-tree</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fexternal_002dblas"><code><code>fexternal-blas</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ff2c"><code>ff2c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ffixed_002dline_002dlength_002dn"><code><code>ffixed-line-length-</code><var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ffpe_002dtrap_003dlist"><code><code>ffpe-trap=</code><var>list</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ffree_002dform"><code><code>ffree-form</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ffree_002dline_002dlength_002dn"><code><code>ffree-line-length-</code><var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fimplicit_002dnone"><code><code>fimplicit-none</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-finit_002dcharacter"><code><code>finit-character</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-finit_002dinteger"><code><code>finit-integer</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-finit_002dlocal_002dzero"><code><code>finit-local-zero</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-finit_002dlogical"><code><code>finit-logical</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-finit_002dreal"><code><code>finit-real</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fintrinsic_002dmodules_002dpath-dir"><code><code>fintrinsic-modules-path</code> <var>dir</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmax_002darray_002dconstructor"><code><code>fmax-array-constructor</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmax_002derrors_003dn"><code><code>fmax-errors=</code><var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmax_002didentifier_002dlength_003dn"><code><code>fmax-identifier-length=</code><var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmax_002dstack_002dvar_002dsize"><code><code>fmax-stack-var-size</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmax_002dsubrecord_002dlength_003dlength"><code><code>fmax-subrecord-length=</code><var>length</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmodule_002dprivate"><code><code>fmodule-private</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fno_002dautomatic"><code><code>fno-automatic</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fno_002dfixed_002dform"><code><code>fno-fixed-form</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fno_002drange_002dcheck"><code><code>fno-range-check</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fno_002dunderscoring"><code><code>fno-underscoring</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fopenmp"><code><code>fopenmp</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fpack_002dderived"><code><code>fpack-derived</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fpp"><code><code>fpp</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-frange_002dcheck"><code><code>frange-check</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-frecord_002dmarker_003dlength"><code><code>frecord-marker=</code><var>length</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-frecursive"><code><code>frecursive</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-frepack_002darrays"><code><code>frepack-arrays</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fsecond_002dunderscore"><code><code>fsecond-underscore</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fshort_002denums"><code><code>fshort-enums</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fshort_002denums-1"><code><code>fshort-enums</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fsign_002dzero"><code><code>fsign-zero</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fsyntax_002donly"><code><code>fsyntax-only</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fworking_002ddirectory"><code><code>fworking-directory</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-H"><code><code>H</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Idir"><code><code>I</code><var>dir</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idirafter-dir"><code><code>idirafter <var>dir</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-imultilib-dir"><code><code>imultilib <var>dir</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-iprefix-prefix"><code><code>iprefix <var>prefix</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-iquote-dir"><code><code>iquote <var>dir</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-isysroot-dir"><code><code>isysroot <var>dir</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-isystem-dir"><code><code>isystem <var>dir</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-J">J</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Jdir"><code><code>J</code><var>dir</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mdir"><code><code>M</code><var>dir</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nostdinc"><code><code>nostdinc</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-P"><code><code>P</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pedantic"><code><code>pedantic</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pedantic_002derrors"><code><code>pedantic-errors</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-static_002dlibgfortran"><code><code>static-libgfortran</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-Options">Link Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-std_003dstd-option"><code><code>std=</code><var>std</var> option</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Uname"><code><code>U<var>name</var></code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-undef"><code><code>undef</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Option-Index_op_letter-W">W</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Waliasing"><code><code>Waliasing</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Walign_002dcommons"><code><code>Walign-commons</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wall"><code><code>Wall</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wampersand"><code><code>Wampersand</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Warray_002dtemporaries"><code><code>Warray-temporaries</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wcharacter_002dtruncation"><code><code>Wcharacter-truncation</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wconversion"><code><code>Wconversion</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Werror"><code><code>Werror</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wimplicit_002dinterface"><code><code>Wimplicit-interface</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wintrinsic_002dshadow"><code><code>Wintrinsic-shadow</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wintrinsics_002dstd"><code><code>Wintrinsics-std</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wline_002dtruncation"><code><code>Wline-truncation</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wsurprising"><code><code>Wsurprising</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wtabs"><code><code>Wtabs</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wunderflow"><code><code>Wunderflow</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Wunused_002dparameter"><code><code>Wunused-parameter</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
</table>
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Option-Index_op_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
</td></tr></table>

<hr>
<a name="Keyword-Index"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Option-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option Index</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Keyword-Index-1"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Keyword Index</h2>
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>%</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>&amp;</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>[</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
</td></tr></table>
<table class="index-cp" border="0">
<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-1">$</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0024">$</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-2">%</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025LOC"><code>%LOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Argument-list-functions">Argument list functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025REF"><code>%REF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Argument-list-functions">Argument list functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025VAL"><code>%VAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Argument-list-functions">Argument list functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-3">&amp;</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0026">&amp;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-4">[</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d"><code>[...]</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ABORT"><code>ABORT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABORT">ABORT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ABS"><code>ABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-value">absolute value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ACCESS"><code>ACCESS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACCESS">ACCESS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ACCESS_003d_0027STREAM_0027-I_002fO"><code>ACCESS='STREAM'</code> I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ACHAR"><code>ACHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACHAR">ACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ACOS"><code>ACOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOS">ACOS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ACOSH"><code>ACOSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjust-string">adjust string</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjust-string-1">adjust string</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ADJUSTL"><code>ADJUSTL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ADJUSTR"><code>ADJUSTR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AIMAG"><code>AIMAG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AIMAG">AIMAG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AINT"><code>AINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AINT">AINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALARM"><code>ALARM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALARM">ALARM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALGAMA"><code>ALGAMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">LOG_GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-aliasing">aliasing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-alignment-of-COMMON-blocks">alignment of COMMON blocks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-alignment-of-COMMON-blocks-1">alignment of COMMON blocks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALL"><code>ALL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALL">ALL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-all-warnings">all warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALLOCATABLE-components-of-derived-types"><code>ALLOCATABLE</code> components of derived types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALLOCATABLE-dummy-arguments"><code>ALLOCATABLE</code> dummy arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALLOCATABLE-function-results"><code>ALLOCATABLE</code> function results</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALLOCATED"><code>ALLOCATED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALLOCATED">ALLOCATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-allocation_002c-moving">allocation, moving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOVE_005fALLOC">MOVE_ALLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-allocation_002c-status">allocation, status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALLOCATED">ALLOCATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALOG"><code>ALOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ALOG10"><code>ALOG10</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG10">LOG10</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMAX0"><code>AMAX0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMAX1"><code>AMAX1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMIN0"><code>AMIN0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMIN1"><code>AMIN1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMOD"><code>AMOD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOD">MOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AND"><code>AND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AND">AND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ANINT"><code>ANINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANINT">ANINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ANY"><code>ANY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANY">ANY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-area-hyperbolic-cosine">area hyperbolic cosine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-area-hyperbolic-sine">area hyperbolic sine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-area-hyperbolic-tangent">area hyperbolic tangent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-argument-list-functions">argument list functions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Argument-list-functions">Argument list functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-to-program">arguments, to program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-to-program-1">arguments, to program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETARG">GETARG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-to-program-2">arguments, to program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-to-program-3">arguments, to program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-to-program-4">arguments, to program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IARGC">IARGC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-add-elements">array, add elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SUM">SUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-apply-condition">array, apply condition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALL">ALL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-apply-condition-1">array, apply condition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANY">ANY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-bounds-checking">array, bounds checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-change-dimensions">array, change dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RESHAPE">RESHAPE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-combine-arrays">array, combine arrays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MERGE">MERGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-condition-testing">array, condition testing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALL">ALL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-condition-testing-1">array, condition testing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANY">ANY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-conditionally-add-elements">array, conditionally add elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SUM">SUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-conditionally-count-elements">array, conditionally count elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COUNT">COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-conditionally-multiply-elements">array, conditionally multiply elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRODUCT">PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-constructors">array, constructors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-count-elements">array, count elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZE">SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-duplicate-dimensions">array, duplicate dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPREAD">SPREAD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-duplicate-elements">array, duplicate elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPREAD">SPREAD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-element-counting">array, element counting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COUNT">COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-gather-elements">array, gather elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PACK">PACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-increase-dimension">array, increase dimension</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPREAD">SPREAD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-increase-dimension-1">array, increase dimension</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UNPACK">UNPACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-indices-of-type-real">array, indices of type real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Real-array-indices">Real array indices</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-location-of-maximum-element">array, location of maximum element</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXLOC">MAXLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-location-of-minimum-element">array, location of minimum element</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINLOC">MINLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-lower-bound">array, lower bound</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LBOUND">LBOUND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-maximum-value">array, maximum value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXVAL">MAXVAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-merge-arrays">array, merge arrays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MERGE">MERGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-minimum-value">array, minimum value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINVAL">MINVAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-multiply-elements">array, multiply elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRODUCT">PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-number-of-elements">array, number of elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COUNT">COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-number-of-elements-1">array, number of elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZE">SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-packing">array, packing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PACK">PACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-permutation">array, permutation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CSHIFT">CSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-product">array, product</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRODUCT">PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-reduce-dimension">array, reduce dimension</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PACK">PACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-rotate">array, rotate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CSHIFT">CSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-scatter-elements">array, scatter elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UNPACK">UNPACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-shape">array, shape</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SHAPE">SHAPE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-shift">array, shift</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EOSHIFT">EOSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-shift-circularly">array, shift circularly</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CSHIFT">CSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-size">array, size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZE">SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-sum">array, sum</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SUM">SUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-transmogrify">array, transmogrify</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RESHAPE">RESHAPE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-transpose">array, transpose</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSPOSE">TRANSPOSE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-unpacking">array, unpacking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UNPACK">UNPACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array_002c-upper-bound">array, upper bound</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UBOUND">UBOUND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASCII-collating-sequence"><acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACHAR">ACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASCII-collating-sequence-1"><acronym>ASCII</acronym> collating sequence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASIN"><code>ASIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASIN">ASIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASINH"><code>ASINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASINH-1"><code>ASINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASSOCIATED"><code>ASSOCIATED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASSOCIATED">ASSOCIATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-association-status">association status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASSOCIATED">ASSOCIATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-association-status_002c-C-pointer">association status, C pointer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED">C_ASSOCIATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ATAN"><code>ATAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN">ATAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ATAN2"><code>ATAN2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN2">ATAN2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Authors">Authors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contributors">Contributors</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backslash">backslash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backtrace">backtrace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESJ0"><code>BESJ0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0">BESSEL_J0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESJ1"><code>BESJ1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1">BESSEL_J1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESJN"><code>BESJN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJN">BESSEL_JN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bessel-function_002c-first-kind">Bessel function, first kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0">BESSEL_J0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bessel-function_002c-first-kind-1">Bessel function, first kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1">BESSEL_J1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bessel-function_002c-first-kind-2">Bessel function, first kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJN">BESSEL_JN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bessel-function_002c-second-kind">Bessel function, second kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY0">BESSEL_Y0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bessel-function_002c-second-kind-1">Bessel function, second kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY1">BESSEL_Y1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bessel-function_002c-second-kind-2">Bessel function, second kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fYN">BESSEL_YN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESSEL_005fJ0"><code>BESSEL_J0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0">BESSEL_J0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESSEL_005fJ1"><code>BESSEL_J1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1">BESSEL_J1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESSEL_005fJN"><code>BESSEL_JN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJN">BESSEL_JN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESSEL_005fY0"><code>BESSEL_Y0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY0">BESSEL_Y0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESSEL_005fY1"><code>BESSEL_Y1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY1">BESSEL_Y1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESSEL_005fYN"><code>BESSEL_YN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fYN">BESSEL_YN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESY0"><code>BESY0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY0">BESSEL_Y0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESY1"><code>BESY1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY1">BESSEL_Y1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BESYN"><code>BESYN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fYN">BESSEL_YN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-clear">bits, clear</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-extract">bits, extract</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-get">bits, get</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-move">bits, move</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MVBITS">MVBITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-move-1">bits, move</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSFER">TRANSFER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-negate">bits, negate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NOT">NOT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-number-of">bits, number of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BIT_005fSIZE">BIT_SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-set">bits, set</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-shift">bits, shift</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISHFT">ISHFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-shift-circular">bits, shift circular</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISHFTC">ISHFTC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-shift-left">bits, shift left</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LSHIFT">LSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-shift-right">bits, shift right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RSHIFT">RSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-testing">bits, testing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BTEST">BTEST</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bits_002c-unset">bits, unset</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-and">bitwise logical and</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AND">AND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-and-1">bitwise logical and</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IAND">IAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-exclusive-or">bitwise logical exclusive or</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-exclusive-or-1">bitwise logical exclusive or</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#XOR">XOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-not">bitwise logical not</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NOT">NOT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-or">bitwise logical or</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IOR">IOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitwise-logical-or-1">bitwise logical or</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#OR">OR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BIT_005fSIZE"><code>BIT_SIZE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BIT_005fSIZE">BIT_SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounds-checking">bounds checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BOZ-literal-constants">BOZ literal constants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BOZ-literal-constants">BOZ literal constants</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BTEST"><code>BTEST</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BTEST">BTEST</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-C">C</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CABS"><code>CABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-calling-convention">calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CCOS"><code>CCOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CDABS"><code>CDABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CDCOS"><code>CDCOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CDEXP"><code>CDEXP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CDLOG"><code>CDLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CDSIN"><code>CDSIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CDSQRT"><code>CDSQRT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CEILING"><code>CEILING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CEILING">CEILING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ceiling">ceiling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANINT">ANINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ceiling-1">ceiling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CEILING">CEILING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CEXP"><code>CEXP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHAR"><code>CHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CHAR">CHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-kind">character kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND">SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-set">character set</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHDIR"><code>CHDIR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CHDIR">CHDIR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-checking-array-temporaries">checking array temporaries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-checking-subscripts">checking subscripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHMOD"><code>CHMOD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CHMOD">CHMOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clock-ticks">clock ticks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MCLOCK">MCLOCK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clock-ticks-1">clock ticks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MCLOCK8">MCLOCK8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clock-ticks-2">clock ticks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CLOG"><code>CLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CMPLX"><code>CMPLX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CMPLX">CMPLX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-code-generation_002c-conventions">code generation, conventions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-collating-sequence_002c-ASCII">collating sequence, <acronym>ASCII</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACHAR">ACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-collating-sequence_002c-ASCII-1">collating sequence, <acronym>ASCII</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command-options">command options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran">Invoking GNU Fortran</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments">command-line arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments-1">command-line arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETARG">GETARG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments-2">command-line arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments-3">command-line arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments-4">command-line arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IARGC">IARGC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments_002c-number-of">command-line arguments, number of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-arguments_002c-number-of-1">command-line arguments, number of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IARGC">IARGC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT"><code>COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMMAND_005fARGUMENT_005fCOUNT">COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COMPLEX"><code>COMPLEX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-conjugate">complex conjugate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CONJG">CONJG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-numbers_002c-conversion-to">complex numbers, conversion to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CMPLX">CMPLX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-numbers_002c-conversion-to-1">complex numbers, conversion to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-numbers_002c-conversion-to-2">complex numbers, conversion to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DCMPLX">DCMPLX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-numbers_002c-imaginary-part">complex numbers, imaginary part</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AIMAG">AIMAG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-numbers_002c-real-part">complex numbers, real part</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DREAL">DREAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-complex-numbers_002c-real-part-1">complex numbers, real part</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REAL">REAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Conditional-compilation">Conditional compilation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CONJG"><code>CONJG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CONJG">CONJG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Contributing">Contributing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contributing">Contributing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Contributors">Contributors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contributors">Contributors</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion">conversion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-character">conversion, to character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CHAR">CHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-complex">conversion, to complex</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CMPLX">CMPLX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-complex-1">conversion, to complex</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-complex-2">conversion, to complex</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DCMPLX">DCMPLX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values">Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer-1">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer-2">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer-3">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT">INT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer-4">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT2">INT2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer-5">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT8">INT8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-integer-6">conversion, to integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LONG">LONG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-logical">conversion, to logical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicitly-convert-LOGICAL-and-INTEGER-values">Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-logical-1">conversion, to logical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOGICAL">LOGICAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-real">conversion, to real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DBLE">DBLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-real-1">conversion, to real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DFLOAT">DFLOAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-real-2">conversion, to real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLOAT">FLOAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-real-3">conversion, to real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REAL">REAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-real-4">conversion, to real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SNGL">SNGL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-to-string">conversion, to string</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CONVERT-specifier"><code>CONVERT</code> specifier</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CONVERT-specifier">CONVERT specifier</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-core_002c-dump">core, dump</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-core_002c-dump-1">core, dump</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABORT">ABORT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COS"><code>COS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COSH"><code>COSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COSH">COSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cosine">cosine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cosine_002c-hyperbolic">cosine, hyperbolic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COSH">COSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cosine_002c-hyperbolic_002c-inverse">cosine, hyperbolic, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cosine_002c-inverse">cosine, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOS">ACOS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-COUNT"><code>COUNT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COUNT">COUNT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPP">CPP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPP-1">CPP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CPU_005fTIME"><code>CPU_TIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Credits">Credits</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contributors">Contributors</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CSHIFT"><code>CSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CSHIFT">CSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CSIN"><code>CSIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CSQRT"><code>CSQRT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CTIME"><code>CTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-date">current date</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-date-1">current date</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FDATE">FDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-date-2">current date</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IDATE">IDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-time">current time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-time-1">current time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FDATE">FDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-time-2">current time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ITIME">ITIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-time-3">current time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TIME">TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-time-4">current time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fASSOCIATED"><code>C_ASSOCIATED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED">C_ASSOCIATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fFUNLOC"><code>C_FUNLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fFUNLOC">C_FUNLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fF_005fPOINTER"><code>C_F_POINTER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER">C_F_POINTER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER"><code>C_F_PROCPOINTER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fLOC"><code>C_LOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fLOC">C_LOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-C_005fSIZEOF"><code>C_SIZEOF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fSIZEOF">C_SIZEOF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-D">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DABS"><code>DABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DACOS"><code>DACOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOS">ACOS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DACOSH"><code>DACOSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DASIN"><code>DASIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASIN">ASIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DASINH"><code>DASINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DASINH-1"><code>DASINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DATAN"><code>DATAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN">ATAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DATAN2"><code>DATAN2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN2">ATAN2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-date_002c-current">date, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-date_002c-current-1">date, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FDATE">FDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-date_002c-current-2">date, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IDATE">IDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DATE_005fAND_005fTIME"><code>DATE_AND_TIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBESJ0"><code>DBESJ0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ0">BESSEL_J0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBESJ1"><code>DBESJ1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJ1">BESSEL_J1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBESJN"><code>DBESJN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fJN">BESSEL_JN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBESY0"><code>DBESY0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY0">BESSEL_Y0</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBESY1"><code>DBESY1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fY1">BESSEL_Y1</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBESYN"><code>DBESYN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BESSEL_005fYN">BESSEL_YN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DBLE"><code>DBLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DBLE">DBLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DCMPLX"><code>DCMPLX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DCMPLX">DCMPLX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DCONJG"><code>DCONJG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CONJG">CONJG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DCOS"><code>DCOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DCOSH"><code>DCOSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COSH">COSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DDIM"><code>DDIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DIM">DIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-information-options">debugging information options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging_002c-preprocessor">debugging, preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-1">debugging, preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-2">debugging, preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-3">debugging, preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging_002c-preprocessor-4">debugging, preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DECODE"><code>DECODE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements">ENCODE and DECODE statements</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-delayed-execution">delayed execution</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ALARM">ALARM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-delayed-execution-1">delayed execution</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SLEEP">SLEEP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DEXP"><code>DEXP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DFLOAT"><code>DFLOAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DFLOAT">DFLOAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DGAMMA"><code>DGAMMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GAMMA">GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dialect-options">dialect options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DIGITS"><code>DIGITS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DIGITS">DIGITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DIM"><code>DIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DIM">DIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DIMAG"><code>DIMAG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AIMAG">AIMAG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DINT"><code>DINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AINT">AINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-directive_002c-INCLUDE">directive, INCLUDE</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-directory_002c-options">directory, options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-directory_002c-search-paths-for-inclusion">directory, search paths for inclusion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-division_002c-modulo">division, modulo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MODULO">MODULO</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-division_002c-remainder">division, remainder</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOD">MOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DLGAMA"><code>DLGAMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">LOG_GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DLOG"><code>DLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DLOG10"><code>DLOG10</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG10">LOG10</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DMAX1"><code>DMAX1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DMIN1"><code>DMIN1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DMOD"><code>DMOD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOD">MOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DNINT"><code>DNINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANINT">ANINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dot-product">dot product</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT">DOT_PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DOT_005fPRODUCT"><code>DOT_PRODUCT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT">DOT_PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DPROD"><code>DPROD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DPROD">DPROD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DREAL"><code>DREAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DREAL">DREAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DSIGN"><code>DSIGN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIGN">SIGN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DSIN"><code>DSIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DSINH"><code>DSINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SINH">SINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DSQRT"><code>DSQRT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DTAN"><code>DTAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TAN">TAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DTANH"><code>DTANH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TANH">TANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DTIME"><code>DTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DTIME">DTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-elapsed-time">elapsed time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DTIME">DTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-elapsed-time-1">elapsed time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SECNDS">SECNDS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-elapsed-time-2">elapsed time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SECOND">SECOND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ENCODE"><code>ENCODE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ENCODE-and-DECODE-statements">ENCODE and DECODE statements</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ENUM-statement"><code>ENUM</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ENUMERATOR-statement"><code>ENUMERATOR</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environment-variable">environment variable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environment-variable-1">environment variable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime">Runtime</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environment-variable-2">environment variable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETENV">GETENV</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environment-variable-3">environment variable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE">GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EOSHIFT"><code>EOSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EOSHIFT">EOSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPSILON"><code>EPSILON</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSILON">EPSILON</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ERF"><code>ERF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ERF">ERF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ERFC"><code>ERFC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ERFC">ERFC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ERFC_005fSCALED"><code>ERFC_SCALED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ERFC_005fSCALED">ERFC_SCALED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-function">error function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ERF">ERF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-function_002c-complementary">error function, complementary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ERFC">ERFC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-function_002c-complementary_002c-exponentially_002dscaled">error function, complementary, exponentially-scaled</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ERFC_005fSCALED">ERFC_SCALED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-errors_002c-limiting">errors, limiting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escape-characters">escape characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ETIME"><code>ETIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ETIME">ETIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Euclidean-distance">Euclidean distance</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HYPOT">HYPOT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EXIT"><code>EXIT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXIT">EXIT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EXP"><code>EXP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EXPONENT"><code>EXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exponential-function">exponential function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exponential-function_002c-inverse">exponential function, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exponential-function_002c-inverse-1">exponential function, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG10">LOG10</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expression-size">expression size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fSIZEOF">C_SIZEOF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expression-size-1">expression size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZEOF">SIZEOF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extensions">extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Extensions">Extensions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extensions_002c-implemented">extensions, implemented</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran">Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extensions_002c-not-implemented">extensions, not implemented</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Extensions-not-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran">Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-f2c-calling-convention"><code>f2c</code> calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-f2c-calling-convention-1"><code>f2c</code> calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Factorial-function">Factorial function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GAMMA">GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FDATE"><code>FDATE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FDATE">FDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FGET"><code>FGET</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGET">FGET</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FGETC"><code>FGETC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-format_002c-fixed">file format, fixed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-format_002c-fixed-1">file format, fixed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-format_002c-free">file format, free</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-format_002c-free-1">file format, free</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-file-number">file operation, file number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FNUM">FNUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-flush">file operation, flush</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLUSH">FLUSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-position">file operation, position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FSEEK">FSEEK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-position-1">file operation, position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FTELL">FTELL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-read-character">file operation, read character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGET">FGET</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-read-character-1">file operation, read character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-seek">file operation, seek</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FSEEK">FSEEK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-write-character">file operation, write character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-operation_002c-write-character-1">file operation, write character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-access-mode">file system, access mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACCESS">ACCESS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-change-access-mode">file system, change access mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CHMOD">CHMOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-create-link">file system, create link</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LINK">LINK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-create-link-1">file system, create link</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYMLNK">SYMLNK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-file-creation-mask">file system, file creation mask</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UMASK">UMASK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-file-status">file system, file status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FSTAT">FSTAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-file-status-1">file system, file status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LSTAT">LSTAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-file-status-2">file system, file status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#STAT">STAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-hard-link">file system, hard link</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LINK">LINK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-remove-file">file system, remove file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UNLINK">UNLINK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-rename-file">file system, rename file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RENAME">RENAME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-system_002c-soft-link">file system, soft link</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYMLNK">SYMLNK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FLOAT"><code>FLOAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLOAT">FLOAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-exponent">floating point, exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-fraction">floating point, fraction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FRACTION">FRACTION</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-nearest-different">floating point, nearest different</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NEAREST">NEAREST</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-relative-spacing">floating point, relative spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RRSPACING">RRSPACING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-relative-spacing-1">floating point, relative spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPACING">SPACING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-scale">floating point, scale</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SCALE">SCALE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating-point_002c-set-exponent">floating point, set exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SET_005fEXPONENT">SET_EXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FLOOR"><code>FLOOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLOOR">FLOOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floor">floor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AINT">AINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floor-1">floor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLOOR">FLOOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FLUSH"><code>FLUSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLUSH">FLUSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FLUSH-statement"><code>FLUSH</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FNUM"><code>FNUM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FNUM">FNUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Fortran-77">Fortran 77</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-G77">GNU Fortran and G77</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FPP">FPP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FPUT"><code>FPUT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FPUTC"><code>FPUTC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FRACTION"><code>FRACTION</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FRACTION">FRACTION</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FREE"><code>FREE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FREE">FREE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FSEEK"><code>FSEEK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FSEEK">FSEEK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FSTAT"><code>FSTAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FSTAT">FSTAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FTELL"><code>FTELL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FTELL">FTELL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-G">G</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-g77"><code>g77</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-G77">GNU Fortran and G77</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-g77-calling-convention"><code>g77</code> calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-g77-calling-convention-1"><code>g77</code> calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GAMMA"><code>GAMMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GAMMA">GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Gamma-function">Gamma function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GAMMA">GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Gamma-function_002c-logarithm-of">Gamma function, logarithm of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">LOG_GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GCC">GCC</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-GCC">GNU Fortran and GCC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GERROR"><code>GERROR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GERROR">GERROR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETARG"><code>GETARG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETARG">GETARG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETCWD"><code>GETCWD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETCWD">GETCWD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETENV"><code>GETENV</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETENV">GETENV</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETGID"><code>GETGID</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETGID">GETGID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETLOG"><code>GETLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETLOG">GETLOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETPID"><code>GETPID</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETPID">GETPID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GETUID"><code>GETUID</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETUID">GETUID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GET_005fCOMMAND"><code>GET_COMMAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND">GET_COMMAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT"><code>GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fCOMMAND_005fARGUMENT">GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE"><code>GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GET_005fENVIRONMENT_005fVARIABLE">GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GMTIME"><code>GMTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNU-Compiler-Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GNU-Fortran-and-GCC">GNU Fortran and GCC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNU-Fortran-command-options">GNU Fortran command options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran">Invoking GNU Fortran</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hollerith-constants">Hollerith constants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hollerith-constants-support">Hollerith constants support</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-HOSTNM"><code>HOSTNM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HOSTNM">HOSTNM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-HUGE"><code>HUGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HUGE">HUGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-arccosine">hyperbolic arccosine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-arcsine">hyperbolic arcsine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-arctangent">hyperbolic arctangent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-cosine">hyperbolic cosine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COSH">COSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-function_002c-cosine">hyperbolic function, cosine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COSH">COSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-function_002c-cosine_002c-inverse">hyperbolic function, cosine, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOSH">ACOSH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-function_002c-sine">hyperbolic function, sine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SINH">SINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-function_002c-sine_002c-inverse">hyperbolic function, sine, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-function_002c-tangent">hyperbolic function, tangent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TANH">TANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-function_002c-tangent_002c-inverse">hyperbolic function, tangent, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-sine">hyperbolic sine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SINH">SINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperbolic-tangent">hyperbolic tangent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TANH">TANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-HYPOT"><code>HYPOT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HYPOT">HYPOT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-I_002fO-item-lists">I/O item lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#I_002fO-item-lists">I/O item lists</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IABS"><code>IABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IACHAR"><code>IACHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IACHAR">IACHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IAND"><code>IAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IAND">IAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IARGC"><code>IARGC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IARGC">IARGC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IBCLR"><code>IBCLR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBCLR">IBCLR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IBITS"><code>IBITS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBITS">IBITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IBSET"><code>IBSET</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IBSET">IBSET</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ICHAR"><code>ICHAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ICHAR">ICHAR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IDATE"><code>IDATE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IDATE">IDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IDIM"><code>IDIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DIM">DIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IDINT"><code>IDINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT">INT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IDNINT"><code>IDNINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NINT">NINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IEEE_002c-ISNAN">IEEE, ISNAN</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISNAN">ISNAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IEOR"><code>IEOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IERRNO"><code>IERRNO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IERRNO">IERRNO</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IFIX"><code>IFIX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT">INT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IMAG"><code>IMAG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AIMAG">AIMAG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IMAGPART"><code>IMAGPART</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AIMAG">AIMAG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IMPORT-statement"><code>IMPORT</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INCLUDE-directive">INCLUDE directive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-inclusion_002c-directory-search-paths-for">inclusion, directory search paths for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INDEX"><code>INDEX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INDEX-intrinsic">INDEX intrinsic</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INT"><code>INT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT">INT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INT2"><code>INT2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT2">INT2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INT8"><code>INT8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT8">INT8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-integer-kind">integer kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND">SELECTED_INT_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-intrinsic">intrinsic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-intrinsic-Modules">intrinsic Modules</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Intrinsic-Modules">Intrinsic Modules</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-intrinsic-procedures">intrinsic procedures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Intrinsic-Procedures">Intrinsic Procedures</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Introduction">Introduction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Top">Top</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IOMSG_003d-specifier"><code>IOMSG=</code> specifier</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IOR"><code>IOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IOR">IOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IOSTAT_002c-end-of-file">IOSTAT, end of file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND">IS_IOSTAT_END</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IOSTAT_002c-end-of-record">IOSTAT, end of record</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR">IS_IOSTAT_EOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IRAND"><code>IRAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IRAND">IRAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISATTY"><code>ISATTY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISATTY">ISATTY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISHFT"><code>ISHFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISHFT">ISHFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISHFTC"><code>ISHFTC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISHFTC">ISHFTC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISIGN"><code>ISIGN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIGN">SIGN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISNAN"><code>ISNAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISNAN">ISNAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISO-C-Bindings">ISO C Bindings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV-statement"><code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND"><code>IS_IOSTAT_END</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEND">IS_IOSTAT_END</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR"><code>IS_IOSTAT_EOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IS_005fIOSTAT_005fEOR">IS_IOSTAT_EOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ITIME"><code>ITIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ITIME">ITIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-KILL"><code>KILL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#KILL">KILL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-KIND"><code>KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#KIND">KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kind">kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#KIND-Type-Parameters">KIND Type Parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kind-1">kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#KIND">KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kind_002c-character">kind, character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND">SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kind_002c-integer">kind, integer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND">SELECTED_INT_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kind_002c-old_002dstyle">kind, old-style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Old_002dstyle-kind-specifications">Old-style kind specifications</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kind_002c-real">kind, real</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND">SELECTED_REAL_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-language_002c-dialect-options">language, dialect options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LBOUND"><code>LBOUND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LBOUND">LBOUND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LEADZ"><code>LEADZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LEADZ">LEADZ</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LEN"><code>LEN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LEN">LEN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LEN_005fTRIM"><code>LEN_TRIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LEN_005fTRIM">LEN_TRIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lexical-comparison-of-strings">lexical comparison of strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LGE">LGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lexical-comparison-of-strings-1">lexical comparison of strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LGT">LGT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lexical-comparison-of-strings-2">lexical comparison of strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LLE">LLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lexical-comparison-of-strings-3">lexical comparison of strings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LLT">LLT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LGAMMA"><code>LGAMMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">LOG_GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LGE"><code>LGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LGE">LGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LGT"><code>LGT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LGT">LGT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-libf2c-calling-convention">libf2c calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-libf2c-calling-convention-1">libf2c calling convention</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-limits_002c-largest-number">limits, largest number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HUGE">HUGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-limits_002c-smallest-number">limits, smallest number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TINY">TINY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LINK"><code>LINK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LINK">LINK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linking_002c-static">linking, static</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-Options">Link Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LLE"><code>LLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LLE">LLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LLT"><code>LLT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LLT">LLT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LNBLNK"><code>LNBLNK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LNBLNK">LNBLNK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LOC"><code>LOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOC">LOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-location-of-a-variable-in-memory">location of a variable in memory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOC">LOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LOG"><code>LOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LOG10"><code>LOG10</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG10">LOG10</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logarithmic-function">logarithmic function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logarithmic-function-1">logarithmic function</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG10">LOG10</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logarithmic-function_002c-inverse">logarithmic function, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LOGICAL"><code>LOGICAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOGICAL">LOGICAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-and_002c-bitwise">logical and, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AND">AND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-and_002c-bitwise-1">logical and, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IAND">IAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-exclusive-or_002c-bitwise">logical exclusive or, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IEOR">IEOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-exclusive-or_002c-bitwise-1">logical exclusive or, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#XOR">XOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-not_002c-bitwise">logical not, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NOT">NOT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-or_002c-bitwise">logical or, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IOR">IOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical-or_002c-bitwise-1">logical or, bitwise</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#OR">OR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logical_002c-variable-representation">logical, variable representation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Internal-representation-of-LOGICAL-variables">Internal representation of LOGICAL variables</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-login-name">login name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETLOG">GETLOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LOG_005fGAMMA"><code>LOG_GAMMA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG_005fGAMMA">LOG_GAMMA</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LONG"><code>LONG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LONG">LONG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LSHIFT"><code>LSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LSHIFT">LSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LSTAT"><code>LSTAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LSTAT">LSTAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LTIME"><code>LTIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MALLOC"><code>MALLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MALLOC">MALLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MATMUL"><code>MATMUL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MATMUL">MATMUL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-matrix-multiplication">matrix multiplication</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MATMUL">MATMUL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-matrix_002c-transpose">matrix, transpose</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSPOSE">TRANSPOSE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MAX"><code>MAX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MAX0"><code>MAX0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MAX1"><code>MAX1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MAXEXPONENT"><code>MAXEXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXEXPONENT">MAXEXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-maximum-value">maximum value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAX">MAX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-maximum-value-1">maximum value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXVAL">MAXVAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MAXLOC"><code>MAXLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXLOC">MAXLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MAXVAL"><code>MAXVAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXVAL">MAXVAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MCLOCK"><code>MCLOCK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MCLOCK">MCLOCK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MCLOCK8"><code>MCLOCK8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MCLOCK8">MCLOCK8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MERGE"><code>MERGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MERGE">MERGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-messages_002c-error">messages, error</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-messages_002c-warning">messages, warning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MIN"><code>MIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MIN0"><code>MIN0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MIN1"><code>MIN1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MINEXPONENT"><code>MINEXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINEXPONENT">MINEXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-minimum-value">minimum value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MIN">MIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-minimum-value-1">minimum value</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINVAL">MINVAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MINLOC"><code>MINLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINLOC">MINLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MINVAL"><code>MINVAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINVAL">MINVAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MOD"><code>MOD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOD">MOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-base">model representation, base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RADIX">RADIX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-epsilon">model representation, epsilon</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSILON">EPSILON</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-largest-number">model representation, largest number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HUGE">HUGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-maximum-exponent">model representation, maximum exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MAXEXPONENT">MAXEXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-minimum-exponent">model representation, minimum exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MINEXPONENT">MINEXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-precision">model representation, precision</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRECISION">PRECISION</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-radix">model representation, radix</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RADIX">RADIX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-range">model representation, range</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANGE">RANGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-significant-digits">model representation, significant digits</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DIGITS">DIGITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-model-representation_002c-smallest-number">model representation, smallest number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TINY">TINY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-module-entities">module entities</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-module-search-path">module search path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-module-search-path-1">module search path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-module-search-path-2">module search path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MODULO"><code>MODULO</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MODULO">MODULO</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-modulo">modulo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MODULO">MODULO</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MOVE_005fALLOC"><code>MOVE_ALLOC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOVE_005fALLOC">MOVE_ALLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-moving-allocation">moving allocation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOVE_005fALLOC">MOVE_ALLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiply-array-elements">multiply array elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRODUCT">PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MVBITS"><code>MVBITS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MVBITS">MVBITS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Namelist">Namelist</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Extensions-to-namelist">Extensions to namelist</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NEAREST"><code>NEAREST</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NEAREST">NEAREST</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newline">newline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NEW_005fLINE">NEW_LINE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NEW_005fLINE"><code>NEW_LINE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NEW_005fLINE">NEW_LINE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NINT"><code>NINT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NINT">NINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NOT"><code>NOT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NOT">NOT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NULL"><code>NULL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NULL">NULL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenMP">OpenMP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenMP-1">OpenMP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#OpenMP">OpenMP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-operators_002c-unary">operators, unary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Unary-operators">Unary operators</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-code-generation">options, code generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging">options, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-dialect">options, dialect</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-directory-search">options, directory search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-errors">options, errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-fortran-dialect">options, fortran dialect</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-gfortran-command">options, <code>gfortran</code> command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran">Invoking GNU Fortran</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-linking">options, linking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-Options">Link Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-negative-forms">options, negative forms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-GNU-Fortran">Invoking GNU Fortran</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-preprocessor">options, preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-run_002dtime">options, run-time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-runtime">options, runtime</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-Options">Runtime Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-warnings">options, warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OR"><code>OR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#OR">OR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-newline">output, newline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NEW_005fLINE">NEW_LINE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PACK"><code>PACK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PACK">PACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paths_002c-search">paths, search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paths_002c-search-1">paths, search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paths_002c-search-2">paths, search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PERROR"><code>PERROR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PERROR">PERROR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-C-address-of-pointers">pointer, C address of pointers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fF_005fPROCPOINTER">C_F_PROCPOINTER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-C-address-of-procedures">pointer, C address of procedures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fFUNLOC">C_FUNLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-C-association-status">pointer, C association status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fASSOCIATED">C_ASSOCIATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-convert-C-to-Fortran">pointer, convert C to Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fF_005fPOINTER">C_F_POINTER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-Cray">pointer, Cray</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cray-pointers">Cray pointers</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-cray">pointer, cray</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FREE">FREE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-cray-1">pointer, cray</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MALLOC">MALLOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-disassociated">pointer, disassociated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NULL">NULL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-status">pointer, status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASSOCIATED">ASSOCIATED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pointer_002c-status-1">pointer, status</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NULL">NULL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-positive-difference">positive difference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DIM">DIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRECISION"><code>PRECISION</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRECISION">PRECISION</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Preprocessing">Preprocessing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-assertation">preprocessing, assertation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-assertation-1">preprocessing, assertation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-define-macros">preprocessing, define macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-define-macros-1">preprocessing, define macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-include-path">preprocessing, include path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-1">preprocessing, include path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-2">preprocessing, include path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-3">preprocessing, include path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-4">preprocessing, include path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-include-path-5">preprocessing, include path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-keep-comments">preprocessing, keep comments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-keep-comments-1">preprocessing, keep comments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-no-linemarkers">preprocessing, no linemarkers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessing_002c-undefine-macros">preprocessing, undefine macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor">preprocessor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-debugging">preprocessor, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-1">preprocessor, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-2">preprocessor, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-3">preprocessor, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-debugging-4">preprocessor, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-disable">preprocessor, disable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-enable">preprocessor, enable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-include-file-handling">preprocessor, include file handling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-and-conditional-compilation">Preprocessing and conditional compilation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preprocessor_002c-working-directory">preprocessor, working directory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Preprocessing-Options">Preprocessing Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRESENT"><code>PRESENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRESENT">PRESENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-private">private</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-procedure-pointer_002c-convert-C-to-Fortran">procedure pointer, convert C to Fortran</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fLOC">C_LOC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-process-id">process id</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETPID">GETPID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRODUCT"><code>PRODUCT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PRODUCT">PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-product_002c-double_002dprecision">product, double-precision</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DPROD">DPROD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-product_002c-matrix">product, matrix</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MATMUL">MATMUL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-product_002c-vector">product, vector</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT">DOT_PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-program-termination">program termination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXIT">EXIT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-program-termination_002c-with-core-dump">program termination, with core dump</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABORT">ABORT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PROTECTED-statement"><code>PROTECTED</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-R">R</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RADIX"><code>RADIX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RADIX">RADIX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RAN"><code>RAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RAN">RAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RAND"><code>RAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RAND">RAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-random-number-generation">random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IRAND">IRAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-random-number-generation-1">random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RAN">RAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-random-number-generation-2">random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RAND">RAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-random-number-generation-3">random number generation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-random-number-generation_002c-seeding">random number generation, seeding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED">RANDOM_SEED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-random-number-generation_002c-seeding-1">random number generation, seeding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SRAND">SRAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RANDOM_005fNUMBER"><code>RANDOM_NUMBER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANDOM_005fNUMBER">RANDOM_NUMBER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RANDOM_005fSEED"><code>RANDOM_SEED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED">RANDOM_SEED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RANGE"><code>RANGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANGE">RANGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-range-checking">range checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-read-character_002c-stream-mode">read character, stream mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGET">FGET</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-read-character_002c-stream-mode-1">read character, stream mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-REAL"><code>REAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REAL">REAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-kind">real kind</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND">SELECTED_REAL_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-exponent">real number, exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXPONENT">EXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-fraction">real number, fraction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FRACTION">FRACTION</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-nearest-different">real number, nearest different</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NEAREST">NEAREST</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-relative-spacing">real number, relative spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RRSPACING">RRSPACING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-relative-spacing-1">real number, relative spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPACING">SPACING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-scale">real number, scale</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SCALE">SCALE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-real-number_002c-set-exponent">real number, set exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SET_005fEXPONENT">SET_EXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-REALPART"><code>REALPART</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REAL">REAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RECORD"><code>RECORD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#STRUCTURE-and-RECORD">STRUCTURE and RECORD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-remainder">remainder</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MOD">MOD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RENAME"><code>RENAME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RENAME">RENAME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-repacking-arrays">repacking arrays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-REPEAT"><code>REPEAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REPEAT">REPEAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RESHAPE"><code>RESHAPE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RESHAPE">RESHAPE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-root">root</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rounding_002c-ceiling">rounding, ceiling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ANINT">ANINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rounding_002c-ceiling-1">rounding, ceiling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CEILING">CEILING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rounding_002c-floor">rounding, floor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#AINT">AINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rounding_002c-floor-1">rounding, floor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FLOOR">FLOOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rounding_002c-nearest-whole-number">rounding, nearest whole number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#NINT">NINT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RRSPACING"><code>RRSPACING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RRSPACING">RRSPACING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RSHIFT"><code>RSHIFT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RSHIFT">RSHIFT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SAVE-statement"><code>SAVE</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SCALE"><code>SCALE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SCALE">SCALE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SCAN"><code>SCAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SCAN">SCAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-search-path">search path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-search-paths_002c-for-included-files">search paths, for included files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SECNDS"><code>SECNDS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SECNDS">SECNDS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SECOND"><code>SECOND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SECOND">SECOND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-seeding-a-random-number-generator">seeding a random number generator</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#RANDOM_005fSEED">RANDOM_SEED</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-seeding-a-random-number-generator-1">seeding a random number generator</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SRAND">SRAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND"><code>SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fCHAR_005fKIND">SELECTED_CHAR_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND"><code>SELECTED_INT_KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fINT_005fKIND">SELECTED_INT_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND"><code>SELECTED_REAL_KIND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SELECTED_005fREAL_005fKIND">SELECTED_REAL_KIND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SET_005fEXPONENT"><code>SET_EXPONENT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SET_005fEXPONENT">SET_EXPONENT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SHAPE"><code>SHAPE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SHAPE">SHAPE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SHORT"><code>SHORT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INT2">INT2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SIGN"><code>SIGN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIGN">SIGN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sign-copying">sign copying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIGN">SIGN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SIGNAL"><code>SIGNAL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIGNAL">SIGNAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SIN"><code>SIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sine">sine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sine_002c-hyperbolic">sine, hyperbolic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SINH">SINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sine_002c-hyperbolic_002c-inverse">sine, hyperbolic, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASINH">ASINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sine_002c-inverse">sine, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASIN">ASIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SINH"><code>SINH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SINH">SINH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SIZE"><code>SIZE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZE">SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-size-of-a-variable_002c-in-bits">size of a variable, in bits</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#BIT_005fSIZE">BIT_SIZE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-size-of-an-expression">size of an expression</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#C_005fSIZEOF">C_SIZEOF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-size-of-an-expression-1">size of an expression</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZEOF">SIZEOF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SIZEOF"><code>SIZEOF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIZEOF">SIZEOF</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SLEEP"><code>SLEEP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SLEEP">SLEEP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SNGL"><code>SNGL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SNGL">SNGL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPACING"><code>SPACING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPACING">SPACING</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SPREAD"><code>SPREAD</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SPREAD">SPREAD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SQRT"><code>SQRT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-square_002droot">square-root</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SRAND"><code>SRAND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SRAND">SRAND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Standards">Standards</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Standards">Standards</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-STAT"><code>STAT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#STAT">STAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-ENUM">statement, <code>ENUM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-ENUMERATOR">statement, <code>ENUMERATOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-FLUSH">statement, <code>FLUSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-IMPORT">statement, <code>IMPORT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-ISO_005fFORTRAN_005fENV">statement, <code>ISO_FORTRAN_ENV</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-PROTECTED">statement, <code>PROTECTED</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-SAVE">statement, <code>SAVE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-USE_002c-INTRINSIC">statement, <code>USE, INTRINSIC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-VALUE">statement, <code>VALUE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-statement_002c-VOLATILE">statement, <code>VOLATILE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-STREAM-I_002fO"><code>STREAM</code> I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stream-mode_002c-read-character">stream mode, read character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGET">FGET</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stream-mode_002c-read-character-1">stream mode, read character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FGETC">FGETC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stream-mode_002c-write-character">stream mode, write character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stream-mode_002c-write-character-1">stream mode, write character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-adjust-left">string, adjust left</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ADJUSTL">ADJUSTL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-adjust-right">string, adjust right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ADJUSTR">ADJUSTR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-comparison">string, comparison</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LGE">LGE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-comparison-1">string, comparison</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LGT">LGT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-comparison-2">string, comparison</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LLE">LLE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-comparison-3">string, comparison</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LLT">LLT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-concatenate">string, concatenate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REPEAT">REPEAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-find-missing-set">string, find missing set</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#VERIFY">VERIFY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-find-non_002dblank-character">string, find non-blank character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LNBLNK">LNBLNK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-find-subset">string, find subset</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SCAN">SCAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-find-substring">string, find substring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INDEX-intrinsic">INDEX intrinsic</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-length">string, length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LEN">LEN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-length_002c-without-trailing-whitespace">string, length, without trailing whitespace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LEN_005fTRIM">LEN_TRIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-remove-trailing-whitespace">string, remove trailing whitespace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRIM">TRIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string_002c-repeat">string, repeat</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#REPEAT">REPEAT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-STRUCTURE"><code>STRUCTURE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#STRUCTURE-and-RECORD">STRUCTURE and RECORD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-structure-packing">structure packing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subscript-checking">subscript checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-substring-position">substring position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#INDEX-intrinsic">INDEX intrinsic</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SUM"><code>SUM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SUM">SUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sum-array-elements">sum array elements</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SUM">SUM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-suppressing-warnings">suppressing warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbol-names">symbol names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-Dialect-Options">Fortran Dialect Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbol-names_002c-transforming">symbol names, transforming</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbol-names_002c-transforming-1">symbol names, transforming</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbol-names_002c-underscores">symbol names, underscores</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-symbol-names_002c-underscores-1">symbol names, underscores</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SYMLNK"><code>SYMLNK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYMLNK">SYMLNK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-syntax-checking">syntax checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SYSTEM"><code>SYSTEM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYSTEM">SYSTEM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-error-handling">system, error handling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GERROR">GERROR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-error-handling-1">system, error handling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#IERRNO">IERRNO</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-error-handling-2">system, error handling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PERROR">PERROR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-group-id">system, group id</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETGID">GETGID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-host-name">system, host name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#HOSTNM">HOSTNM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-login-name">system, login name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETLOG">GETLOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-process-id">system, process id</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETPID">GETPID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-signal-handling">system, signal handling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIGNAL">SIGNAL</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-system-call">system, system call</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYSTEM">SYSTEM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-terminal">system, terminal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ISATTY">ISATTY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-terminal-1">system, terminal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TTYNAM">TTYNAM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-user-id">system, user id</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETUID">GETUID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-working-directory">system, working directory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CHDIR">CHDIR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system_002c-working-directory-1">system, working directory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETCWD">GETCWD</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SYSTEM_005fCLOCK"><code>SYSTEM_CLOCK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabulators">tabulators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TAN"><code>TAN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TAN">TAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangent">tangent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TAN">TAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangent_002c-hyperbolic">tangent, hyperbolic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TANH">TANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangent_002c-hyperbolic_002c-inverse">tangent, hyperbolic, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATANH">ATANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangent_002c-inverse">tangent, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN">ATAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangent_002c-inverse-1">tangent, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN2">ATAN2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TANH"><code>TANH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TANH">TANH</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminate-program">terminate program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXIT">EXIT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminate-program_002c-with-core-dump">terminate program, with core dump</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABORT">ABORT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TIME"><code>TIME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TIME">TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-clock-ticks">time, clock ticks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MCLOCK">MCLOCK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-clock-ticks-1">time, clock ticks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#MCLOCK8">MCLOCK8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-clock-ticks-2">time, clock ticks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SYSTEM_005fCLOCK">SYSTEM_CLOCK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-conversion-to-GMT-info">time, conversion to GMT info</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GMTIME">GMTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-conversion-to-local-time-info">time, conversion to local time info</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LTIME">LTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-conversion-to-string">time, conversion to string</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CTIME">CTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-current">time, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DATE_005fAND_005fTIME">DATE_AND_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-current-1">time, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FDATE">FDATE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-current-2">time, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ITIME">ITIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-current-3">time, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TIME">TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-current-4">time, current</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-elapsed">time, elapsed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#CPU_005fTIME">CPU_TIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-elapsed-1">time, elapsed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DTIME">DTIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-elapsed-2">time, elapsed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ETIME">ETIME</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-elapsed-3">time, elapsed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SECNDS">SECNDS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time_002c-elapsed-4">time, elapsed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SECOND">SECOND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TIME8"><code>TIME8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TIME8">TIME8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TINY"><code>TINY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TINY">TINY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TR-15581">TR 15581</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trace">trace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debugging-Options">Debugging Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TRAILZ"><code>TRAILZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRAILZ">TRAILZ</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TRANSFER"><code>TRANSFER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSFER">TRANSFER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transforming-symbol-names">transforming symbol names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transforming-symbol-names-1">transforming symbol names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TRANSPOSE"><code>TRANSPOSE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSPOSE">TRANSPOSE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transpose">transpose</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSPOSE">TRANSPOSE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-cosine">trigonometric function, cosine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-cosine_002c-inverse">trigonometric function, cosine, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ACOS">ACOS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-sine">trigonometric function, sine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-sine_002c-inverse">trigonometric function, sine, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ASIN">ASIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-tangent">trigonometric function, tangent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TAN">TAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-tangent_002c-inverse">trigonometric function, tangent, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN">ATAN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trigonometric-function_002c-tangent_002c-inverse-1">trigonometric function, tangent, inverse</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ATAN2">ATAN2</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TRIM"><code>TRIM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRIM">TRIM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TTYNAM"><code>TTYNAM</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TTYNAM">TTYNAM</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-cast">type cast</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRANSFER">TRANSFER</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UBOUND"><code>UBOUND</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UBOUND">UBOUND</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UMASK"><code>UMASK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UMASK">UMASK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underflow">underflow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underscore">underscore</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underscore-1">underscore</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UNLINK"><code>UNLINK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UNLINK">UNLINK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UNPACK"><code>UNPACK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#UNPACK">UNPACK</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unused-parameter">unused parameter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-USE_002c-INTRINSIC-statement"><code>USE, INTRINSIC</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-user-id">user id</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#GETUID">GETUID</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VALUE-statement"><code>VALUE</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vector-product">vector product</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#DOT_005fPRODUCT">DOT_PRODUCT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VERIFY"><code>VERIFY</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#VERIFY">VERIFY</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VOLATILE-statement"><code>VOLATILE</code> statement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fortran-2003-status">Fortran 2003 status</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-W">W</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-aliasing">warnings, aliasing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-alignment-of-COMMON-blocks">warnings, alignment of COMMON blocks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-all">warnings, all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-ampersand">warnings, ampersand</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-array-temporaries">warnings, array temporaries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-character-truncation">warnings, character truncation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-conversion">warnings, conversion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-implicit-interface">warnings, implicit interface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-intrinsic">warnings, intrinsic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-intrinsics-of-other-standards">warnings, intrinsics of other standards</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-line-truncation">warnings, line truncation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-non_002dstandard-intrinsics">warnings, non-standard intrinsics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suspicious-code">warnings, suspicious code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-tabs">warnings, tabs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-to-errors">warnings, to errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-underflow">warnings, underflow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-unused-parameter">warnings, unused parameter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Error-and-Warning-Options">Error and Warning Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-write-character_002c-stream-mode">write character, stream mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUT">FPUT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-write-character_002c-stream-mode-1">write character, stream mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#FPUTC">FPUTC</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XOR"><code>XOR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#XOR">XOR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Keyword-Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ZABS"><code>ZABS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ABS">ABS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ZCOS"><code>ZCOS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#COS">COS</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-zero-bits">zero bits</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LEADZ">LEADZ</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-zero-bits-1">zero bits</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TRAILZ">TRAILZ</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ZEXP"><code>ZEXP</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EXP">EXP</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ZLOG"><code>ZLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LOG">LOG</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ZSIN"><code>ZSIN</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ZSQRT"><code>ZSQRT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#SQRT">SQRT</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
</table>
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>%</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>&amp;</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>[</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
 &nbsp; 
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
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<a class="summary-letter" href="#Keyword-Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
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gfortran-4.4-doc 4.4.7-8ubuntu1 / usr / share / doc / gcc-4.4-base / fortran / gfortran.html
