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<div><h1 id="a0000000042">6.13 Shell Commands</h1>
<p>Shell commands<a name="a0000000606" id="a0000000606"></a> may be executed directly from within PyXPlot by prefixing them with an <tt class="tt">!</tt><a name="a0000000607" id="a0000000607"></a> character. The remainder of the line is sent directly to the shell, for example: </p><pre>
!ls -l
</pre><p>Semi-colons cannot be used to place further PyXPlot commands after a shell command on the same line. </p><p><table cellspacing="0" class="tabular">
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><img src="images/img-0029.png" alt="\includegraphics{cross}" style="width:20px; height:24px" />
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><div style="width:0.0pt" class="minipage"><tt class="tt"> !ls -l ; set key top left </tt></div></p></td>
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</table> </p><p>It is also possible to substitute the output of a shell command into a PyXPlot command. To do this, the shell command should be enclosed in back-quotes (‘), as in the following example:<a name="a0000000608" id="a0000000608"></a><a name="a0000000609" id="a0000000609"></a> </p><pre>
a=`ls -l *.ppl | wc -l`
print "The current directory contains %d PyXPlot scripts."%(a)
</pre><p>It should be noted that back-quotes can only be used outside quotes. For example, </p><p><table cellspacing="0" class="tabular">
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><div style="width:0.0pt" class="minipage"><tt class="tt"> set xlabel ’‘ls‘’ </tt></div></p></td>
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</table> </p><p>will not work. The best way to do this would be: </p><p><table cellspacing="0" class="tabular">
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><img src="images/img-0030.png" alt="\includegraphics{tick}" style="width:19px; height:17px" />
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><div style="width:0.0pt" class="minipage"><tt class="tt"> set xlabel ‘echo "’" ; ls ; echo "’"‘ </tt></div></p></td>
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</table> </p><p>Note that it is not possible to change the current working directory by sending the <tt class="tt">cd</tt> command to a shell, as this command would only change the working directory of the shell in which the single command is executed: </p><p><table cellspacing="0" class="tabular">
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><div style="width:0.0pt" class="minipage"><tt class="tt"> !cd .. </tt></div></p></td>
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</table> </p><p>PyXPlot has its own <tt class="tt">cd</tt> command<a name="a0000000610" id="a0000000610"></a> for this purpose, as well as its own <tt class="tt">pwd</tt> command<a name="a0000000611" id="a0000000611"></a>: </p><p><table cellspacing="0" class="tabular">
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<td style="text-align:left"><p><div style="width:0.0pt" class="minipage"><tt class="tt"> cd .. </tt></div></p></td>
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