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<h3 class="section">1.1 The web and HTTP</h3>
<p><a name="index-URL-1"></a><a name="index-resource-2"></a><a name="index-instance-3"></a><a name="index-entity-4"></a><a name="index-HTTP-5"></a>
The web is a wide-scale decentralised distributed hypertext system,
something that's obviously impossible to achieve reliably.
<p>The web is a collection of <dfn>resources</dfn> which are identified by
<dfn>URLs</dfn>, strings starting with <code>http://</code>. At any point in
time, a resource has a certain value, which is called an
<dfn>instance</dfn> of the resource.
<p>The fundamental protocol of the web is HTTP, a simple request/response
protocol. With HTTP, a client can make a request for a resource to a
server, and the server replies with an <dfn>entity</dfn>, which is an
on-the-wire representation of an instance or of a fragment thereof.
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