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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html > 
<head><title>Function dispatch and plug-ins</title> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
<!-- 3,html --> 
<meta name="src" content="vipsmanual.tex"> 
<meta name="date" content="2012-05-07 10:17:00"> 
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="vipsmanual.css"> 
</head><body 
>
  <!--l. 1--><div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a 
href="vipsmanualse10.html" >next</a>] [<a 
href="vipsmanualse8.html" >prev</a>] [<a 
href="vipsmanualse8.html#tailvipsmanualse8.html" >prev-tail</a>] [<a 
href="#tailvipsmanualse9.html">tail</a>] [<a 
href="vipsmanualch2.html#vipsmanualse9.html" >up</a>] </p></div>
  <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3    </span> <a 
 id="x15-590002.3"></a>Function dispatch and plug-ins</h3>
<!--l. 3--><p class="noindent" >(This chapter is on the verge of being deprecated. We have
started building a replacement based on <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">GObject</span></span></span>, see
<span 
class="cmsy-10">ยง</span><a 
href="vipsmanualse10.html#x16-670002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:object --></a>.)
<!--l. 6--><p class="indent" >  As image processing libraries increase in size it becomes
progressively more difficult to build applications which
present the operations the library offers to the user. Every
time a new operation is added, every user interface
needs to be adapted &#8212; a job which can rapidly become
unmanageable.
<!--l. 11--><p class="indent" >  To address this problem VIPS includes a simple database
which stores an abstract description of every image
processing operation. User interfaces, rather than having
special code wired into them for each operation, can simply
interrogate the database and present what they find to the
user.
<!--l. 16--><p class="indent" >  The operation database is extensible. You can define new
operations, and even new types, and add them to VIPS.
These new operations will then automatically appear in
all VIPS user interfaces with no extra programming
effort. Plugins can extend the database at runtime: when
VIPS starts, it loads all the plugins in the VIPS library
area.
<!--l. 22--><p class="noindent" >
  <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.1    </span> <a 
 id="x15-600002.3.1"></a>Simple plugin example</h4>
<!--l. 24--><p class="noindent" >As an example, consider this function:
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-81">
  #include&#x00A0;&#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />#include&#x00A0;&#x003C;vips/vips.h&#x003E;
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;The&#x00A0;function&#x00A0;we&#x00A0;define.&#x00A0;Call&#x00A0;this
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;from&#x00A0;other&#x00A0;parts&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;your&#x00A0;C
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;application.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />int
 &#x00A0;<br />double_integer(&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;)
 &#x00A0;<br />{
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;2&#x00A0;);
 &#x00A0;<br />} 
</div>
<!--l. 40--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 42--><p class="noindent" >The source for all the example code in this section is in the
vips-examples package.
<!--l. 46--><p class="indent" >    The first step is to make a layer over this function which
will make it look like a standard VIPS function. VIPS
insists on the following pattern:
        <ul class="itemize1">
        <li class="itemize">The  function  should  be  int-valued,  and  return  0
        for  success  and  non-zero  for  error.  It  should  set
        <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_error()</span></span></span>.
        </li>
        <li class="itemize">The       function       should       take       a       single
        argument: a pointer to a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span>-terminated array of
        <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_objects</span></span></span>.
        </li>
        <li class="itemize">Each  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_object</span></span></span> represents  one  argument  to
        the   function   (either   output   or   input)   in   the
        form  specified  by  the  corresponding  entry  in  the
        function&#8217;s argument descriptor.
        </li></ul>
<!--l. 66--><p class="indent" >    The argument descriptor is an array of structures,
each describing one argument. For this example, it
is:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-82">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Describe&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;our&#x00A0;function.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;One&#x00A0;input&#x00A0;int,&#x00A0;and&#x00A0;one&#x00A0;output&#x00A0;int.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_arg_desc&#x00A0;arg_types[]&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"in"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_OUTPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"out"&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />};
</div>
<!--l. 77--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 79--><p class="indent" >  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM_INPUT_INT()</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM_OUTPUT_INT()</span></span></span> are
macros defined in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">&#x003C;vips/dispatch.h&#x003E;</span></span></span> which make
argument types easy to define. Other macros available are
listed in table&#x00A0;<a 
href="#x15-600011">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:type --></a>.
                                           
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
<!--l. 84--><p class="indent" >  <a 
 id="x15-600011"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
>
                                           
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 84--><p class="noindent" >
<div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-5" class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="groups" 
><colgroup id="TBL-5-1g"><col 
id="TBL-5-1"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-5-2g"><col 
id="TBL-5-2"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-5-3g"><col 
id="TBL-5-3"></colgroup><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-1-1"  
class="td11">Macro                                       </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-1-2"  
class="td11">Meaning                                 </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-1-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object </span>has type          </td>
</tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-2-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INT         </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-2-2"  
class="td11">Input int                                  </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-2-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">int &#x22C6;              </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-3-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INTVEC      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-3-2"  
class="td11">Input vector of int                   </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-3-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_intvec</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6; </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-4-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-4-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_IMASK       </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-4-2"  
class="td11">Input int array                         </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-4-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_mask</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6;   </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-5-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-5-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INT        </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-5-2"  
class="td11">Output int                               </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-5-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">int &#x22C6;              </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-6-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-6-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INTVEC      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-6-2"  
class="td11">Output vector of int                </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-6-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_intvec</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6; </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-7-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-7-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_IMASK      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-7-2"  
class="td11">Output int array to file            </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-7-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_mask</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6;   </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-8-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-8-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DOUBLE      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-8-2"  
class="td11">Input double                           </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-8-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">double &#x22C6;           </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-9-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-9-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DOUBLEVEC   </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-9-2"  
class="td11">Input vector of double            </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-9-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_realvec</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6;</span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-10-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-10-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DMASK       </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-10-2"  
class="td11">Input double array                  </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-10-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_mask</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6;   </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-11-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-11-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DOUBLE     </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-11-2"  
class="td11">Output double                         </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-11-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">double &#x22C6;           </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-12-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-12-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DOUBLEVEC  </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-12-2"  
class="td11">Output vector of double         </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-12-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_realvec</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6;</span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-13-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-13-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DMASK      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-13-2"  
class="td11">Output double array to file     </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-13-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_mask</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_object &#x22C6;   </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-14-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-14-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DMASK</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_STATS</span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-14-2"  
class="td11">Output double array to screen</td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-14-3"  
class="td11">                   </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-15-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-15-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_COMPLEX    </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-15-2"  
class="td11">Output complex                      </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-15-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">double &#x22C6;           </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-16-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-16-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_STRING      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-16-2"  
class="td11">Input string                             </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-16-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">char &#x22C6;             </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-17-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-17-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_STRING     </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-17-2"  
class="td11">Output string                          </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-17-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">char &#x22C6;             </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-18-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-18-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_IMAGE       </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-18-2"  
class="td11">Input image                            </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-18-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IMAGE &#x22C6;            </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-19-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-19-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_IMAGEVEC    </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-19-2"  
class="td11">Vector of input images           </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-19-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IMAGE &#x22C6;&#x22C6;           </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-20-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-20-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_IMAGE      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-20-2"  
class="td11">Output image                          </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-20-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IMAGE &#x22C6;            </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-21-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-21-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_RW</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_IMAGE          </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-21-2"  
class="td11">Read-write image                   </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-21-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IMAGE &#x22C6;            </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-22-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-22-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DISPLAY     </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-22-2"  
class="td11">Input display                           </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-22-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_col</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_display &#x22C6;   </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-23-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-23-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_DISPLAY    </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-23-2"  
class="td11">Output display                        </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-23-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_col</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_display &#x22C6;   </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-24-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-24-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_GVALUE      </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-24-2"  
class="td11">Input GValue                          </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-24-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">GValue &#x22C6;           </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-25-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-25-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_OUTPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_GVALUE     </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-25-2"  
class="td11">Output GValue                       </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-25-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">GValue &#x22C6;           </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-26-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-26-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INPUT</span><span 
class="pcrr7t-">_INTERPOLATE </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-26-2"  
class="td11">Input VipsInterpolate             </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-26-3"  
class="td11"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">VipsInterpolate &#x22C6;  </span></td>
</tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-27-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-27-1"  
class="td11">                     </td></tr></table></div></div>
<br /><div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Table&#x00A0;2.1: </span><span  
class="content">Argument type macros</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x15-600011 -->
                                           
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  </div><hr class="endfloat" />
<!--l. 156--><p class="indent" >  The argument to the type macro is the name of the
argument. These names are used by user-interface programs
to provide feedback, and sometimes as variable names. The
order in which you list the arguments is the order in which
user-interfaces will present them to the user. You should use
the following conventions when selecting names and an
order for your arguments:
    <ul class="itemize1">
    <li class="itemize">Names   should   be   entirely   in   lower-case   and
    contain no special characters, apart from the digits
    0-9 and the underscore character &#8216;_&#8217;.
    </li>
    <li class="itemize">Names   should   indicate   the   function   of   the
    argument.   For   example,   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_add()</span></span></span> has   the
    following argument names:
                                                     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-83">
          example%&#x00A0;vips&#x00A0;-help&#x00A0;im_add
    &#x00A0;<br />vips:&#x00A0;args:&#x00A0;in1&#x00A0;in2&#x00A0;out
    &#x00A0;<br />where:
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;in1&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"image"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;in2&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"image"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;out&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"image"
    &#x00A0;<br />add&#x00A0;two&#x00A0;images,&#x00A0;from&#x00A0;package
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"arithmetic"
    &#x00A0;<br />flags:
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(PIO&#x00A0;function)
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(no&#x00A0;coordinate&#x00A0;transformation)
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(point-to-point&#x00A0;operation) 
</div>
   <!--l. 185--><p class="nopar" >
   </li>
   <li class="itemize">You should order arguments with large input objects
        first, then output objects, then any extra arguments or
        options. For example, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_extract()</span></span></span> has the
        following sequence of arguments:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
    <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-84">
    example%&#x00A0;vips&#x00A0;-help&#x00A0;im_extract
    &#x00A0;<br />vips:&#x00A0;args:&#x00A0;input&#x00A0;output&#x00A0;left&#x00A0;top
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;width&#x00A0;height&#x00A0;channel
    &#x00A0;<br />where:
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;input&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"image"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;output&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"image"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;left&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"integer"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;top&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"integer"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;width&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"integer"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;height&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"integer"
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;channel&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;"integer"
    &#x00A0;<br />extract&#x00A0;area/band,&#x00A0;from&#x00A0;package
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"conversion"
    &#x00A0;<br />flags:
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(PIO&#x00A0;function)
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(no&#x00A0;coordinate&#x00A0;transformation)
    &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(point-to-point&#x00A0;operation)
</div>
    <!--l. 210--><p class="nopar" >
    </li></ul>
<!--l. 214--><p class="indent" >  This function sits over <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">double_integer()</span></span></span>, providing
VIPS with an interface which it can call:
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-85">
  /&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Call&#x00A0;our&#x00A0;function&#x00A0;via&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;VIPS
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;vector.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;int
 &#x00A0;<br />double_vec(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;&#x22C6;argv&#x00A0;)
 &#x00A0;<br />{
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;in&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;(int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[0];
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;out&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;(int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[1];
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x22C6;out&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;double_integer(&#x00A0;&#x22C6;in&#x00A0;);
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Always&#x00A0;succeed.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;0&#x00A0;);
 &#x00A0;<br />} 
</div>
<!--l. 233--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 235--><p class="indent" >  Finally, these two pieces of information (the argument
description and the VIPS-style function wrapper) can be
gathered together into a function description.
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-86">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Description&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;double_integer.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_function&#x00A0;double_desc&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"double_integer",
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"double&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;integer",
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;0,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;double_vec,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_NUMBER(&#x00A0;arg_types&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;arg_types
&#x00A0;<br />};
</div>
<!--l. 250--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 253--><p class="indent" >  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">IM_NUMBER()</span></span></span> is a macro which returns the number of
elements in a static array. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">flags</span></span></span> field contains hints
which user-interfaces can use for various optimisations. At
present, the possible values are:
    <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="pcrb7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_FN</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_PIO</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">This function uses the VIPS PIO system
    (see <span 
class="cmsy-10">ยง</span><a 
href="vipsmanualse15.html#x22-920003.3">3.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:pio --></a>).
    </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="pcrb7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_FN</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_TRANSFORM</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">This   the   function   transforms
    coordinates.
    </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="pcrb7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_FN</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_PTOP</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">This is a point-to-point operation, that
    is, it can be replaced with a look-up table.
    </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="pcrb7t-">IM</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_FN</span><span 
class="pcrb7t-">_NOCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">This operation has side effects and
    should not be cached. Useful for video grabbers,
    for example.
    </dd></dl>
<!--l. 275--><p class="indent" >  This function description now needs to be added to the
VIPS function database. VIPS groups sets of related
functions together in packages. There is only a single
function in this example, so we can just write:
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-87">
  /&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Group&#x00A0;up&#x00A0;all&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;functions&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;this
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;file.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_function
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x22C6;function_list[]&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&amp;double_desc
 &#x00A0;<br />};
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Define&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;package_table&#x00A0;symbol.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;This&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;what&#x00A0;VIPS&#x00A0;looks&#x00A0;for&#x00A0;when
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;loading&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;plugin.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />im_package&#x00A0;package_table&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"example",
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_NUMBER(&#x00A0;function_list&#x00A0;),
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;function_list
 &#x00A0;<br />}; 
</div>
<!--l. 297--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 299--><p class="indent" >  The package has to be named <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">package_table</span></span></span>, and
has to be exported from the file (that is, not a static). VIPS
looks for a symbol of this name when it opens your object
file.
<!--l. 303--><p class="indent" >    This file needs to be made into a dynamically loadable
object. On my machine, I can do this with:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-88">
example%&#x00A0;gcc&#x00A0;-fPIC&#x00A0;-DPIC&#x00A0;-c
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#8216;pkg-config&#x00A0;vips-7.12&#x00A0;--cflags&#8216;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;plug.c&#x00A0;-o&#x00A0;plug.o
&#x00A0;<br />example%&#x00A0;gcc&#x00A0;-shared&#x00A0;plug.o
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;-o&#x00A0;double.plg
</div>
<!--l. 312--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 314--><p class="indent" >  You can now use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">double.plg</span></span></span> with any of the
VIPS applications which support function dispatch. For
example:
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-89">
  example%&#x00A0;vips&#x00A0;-plugin&#x00A0;double.plg&#x00A0;\
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;double_integer&#x00A0;12
 &#x00A0;<br />24
 &#x00A0;<br />example% 
</div>
<!--l. 322--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 324--><p class="indent" >  When VIPS starts up, it looks for a directory in the
library directory called <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">vips-</span></span></span>, with the vips major and
minor versions numbers as extensions, and loads all files in
there with the suffix <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">.plg</span></span></span>. So for example, on my machine,
the plugin directory is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">/usr/lib/vips-7.16</span></span></span> and any
plugins in that directory are automatically loaded into any
VIPS programs on startup.
    <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.2    </span> <a 
 id="x15-610002.3.2"></a>A more complicated example</h4>
<!--l. 332--><p class="noindent" >This section lists the source for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_extract()</span></span></span>&#8217;s function
description. Almost all functions in the VIPS library have
descriptors &#8212; if you are not sure how to write a description,
it&#8217;s usually easiest to copy one from a similar function in the
library.
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-90">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Args&#x00A0;to&#x00A0;im_extract.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_arg_desc
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;extract_args[]&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_IMAGE(&#x00A0;"input"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_OUTPUT_IMAGE(&#x00A0;"output"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"left"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"top"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"width"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"height"&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_INPUT_INT(&#x00A0;"channel"&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />};
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Call&#x00A0;im_extract&#x00A0;via&#x00A0;arg&#x00A0;vector.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;int
&#x00A0;<br />extract_vec(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;&#x22C6;argv&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IMAGE_BOX&#x00A0;box;
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;box.xstart&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;&#x22C6;((int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[2]);
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;box.ystart&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;&#x22C6;((int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[3]);
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;box.xsize&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;&#x22C6;((int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[4]);
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;box.ysize&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;&#x22C6;((int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[5]);
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;box.chsel&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;&#x22C6;((int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;argv[6]);
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;im_extract(
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;argv[0],&#x00A0;argv[1],&#x00A0;&amp;box&#x00A0;)&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />}
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Description&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;im_extract.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_function
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;extract_desc&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"im_extract",
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"extract&#x00A0;area/band",
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_FN_PIO&#x00A0;|&#x00A0;IM_FN_TRANSFORM,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;extract_vec,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;NUMBER(&#x00A0;extract_args&#x00A0;),
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;extract_args
&#x00A0;<br />};
</div>
<!--l. 379--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 381--><p class="noindent" >                                              <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.3    </span> <a 
 id="x15-620002.3.3"></a>Adding new types</h4>
  <!--l. 383--><p class="noindent" >The VIPS type mechanism is extensible. User plug-ins can
  add new types and user-interfaces can (to a certain extent)
  provide interfaces to these user-defined types.
  <!--l. 387--><p class="indent" >    Here is the definition of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_arg_desc</span></span></span>:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-91">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Describe&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;VIPS&#x00A0;command&#x00A0;argument.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;struct&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;name;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_type_desc&#x00A0;&#x22C6;desc;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_print_obj_fn&#x00A0;print;
&#x00A0;<br />}&#x00A0;im_arg_desc;
</div>
<!--l. 397--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 399--><p class="indent" >  The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">name</span></span></span> field is the argument name above. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">desc</span></span></span>
field points to a structure defining the argument type, and
the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">print</span></span></span> field is an (optionally <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span>) pointer to a
function which VIPS will call for output arguments after
your function successfully completes and before the
object is destroyed. It can be used to print results to
the terminal, or to copy results into a user-interface
layer.
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-92">
  /&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Success&#x00A0;on&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;argument.&#x00A0;This&#x00A0;is
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;called&#x00A0;if&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;image&#x00A0;processing
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;function&#x00A0;succeeds&#x00A0;and&#x00A0;should&#x00A0;be
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;used&#x00A0;to&#x00A0;(for&#x00A0;example)&#x00A0;print
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;output.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;(&#x22C6;im_print_obj_fn)
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;obj&#x00A0;); 
</div>
<!--l. 415--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 417--><p class="indent" >  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_type_desc</span></span></span> is defined as:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-93">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Describe&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;VIPS&#x00A0;type.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;struct&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_arg_type&#x00A0;type;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;size;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_type_flags&#x00A0;flags;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_init_obj_fn&#x00A0;init;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_dest_obj_fn&#x00A0;dest;
&#x00A0;<br />}&#x00A0;im_type_desc;
</div>
<!--l. 429--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 431--><p class="indent" >  Where <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_arg_type</span></span></span> is defined as
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-94">
  /&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Type&#x00A0;names.&#x00A0;You&#x00A0;may&#x00A0;define&#x00A0;your
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;own,&#x00A0;but&#x00A0;if&#x00A0;you&#x00A0;use&#x00A0;one&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;these,
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;then&#x00A0;you&#x00A0;should&#x00A0;use&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;built-in
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;VIPS&#x00A0;type&#x00A0;converters.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_IMAGEVEC&#x00A0;"imagevec"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_DOUBLEVEC&#x00A0;"doublevec"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_INTVEC&#x00A0;"intvec"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_DOUBLE&#x00A0;"double"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_INT&#x00A0;"integer"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_COMPLEX&#x00A0;"complex"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_STRING&#x00A0;"string"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_IMASK&#x00A0;"intmask"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_DMASK&#x00A0;"doublemask"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_IMAGE&#x00A0;"image"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_DISPLAY&#x00A0;"display"
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_GVALUE&#x00A0;"gvalue"
 &#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;im_arg_type; 
</div>
<!--l. 452--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 454--><p class="indent" >  In other words, it&#8217;s just a string. When you add a new
type, you just need to choose a new unique string to name it.
Be aware that the string is printed to the user by various
parts of VIPS, and so needs to be &#8220;human-readable&#8221;. The
flags are:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-95">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;These&#x00A0;bits&#x00A0;are&#x00A0;ored&#x00A0;together&#x00A0;to
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;make&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;flags&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;type
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;descriptor.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_OUTPUT:&#x00A0;set&#x00A0;to&#x00A0;indicate
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;output,&#x00A0;otherwise&#x00A0;input.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_ARG:&#x00A0;Two&#x00A0;ways&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;making
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;---&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;and&#x00A0;without
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;command-line&#x00A0;string&#x00A0;to&#x00A0;help&#x00A0;you
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;along.&#x00A0;Arguments&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;string
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;are&#x00A0;thing&#x00A0;like&#x00A0;IMAGE&#x00A0;descriptors,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;which&#x00A0;require&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;filename&#x00A0;to
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;initialise.&#x00A0;Arguments&#x00A0;without&#x00A0;are
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;things&#x00A0;like&#x00A0;output&#x00A0;numbers,&#x00A0;where
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;making&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;object&#x00A0;simply&#x00A0;involves
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;allocating&#x00A0;storage.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;enum&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_OUTPUT&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;0x1,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_ARG&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;0x2
&#x00A0;<br />}&#x00A0;im_type_flags;
</div>
<!--l. 483--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 485--><p class="indent" >  And the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">init</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">destroy</span></span></span> functions are:
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-96">
  /&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Initialise&#x00A0;and&#x00A0;destroy&#x00A0;objects.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;The&#x00A0;"str"&#x00A0;argument&#x00A0;to&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;init
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;function&#x00A0;will&#x00A0;not&#x00A0;be&#x00A0;supplied
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;if&#x00A0;this&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;not&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;ARG&#x00A0;type.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;(&#x22C6;im_init_obj_fn)
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;&#x22C6;obj,&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;str&#x00A0;);
 &#x00A0;<br />typedef&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;(&#x22C6;im_dest_obj_fn)
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;obj&#x00A0;); 
</div>
<!--l. 497--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 499--><p class="indent" >  As an example, here is the definition for a new type of
unsigned integers. First, we need to define the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">init</span></span></span> and
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">print</span></span></span> functions. These transform objects of the type to
and from string representation.
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-97">
/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Init&#x00A0;function&#x00A0;for&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;input.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;int
&#x00A0;<br />uint_init(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;&#x22C6;obj,&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;str&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;i&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;(int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;&#x22C6;obj;
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;if(&#x00A0;sscanf(&#x00A0;str,&#x00A0;"%d",&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;)&#x00A0;!=&#x00A0;1&#x00A0;||
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x22C6;i&#x00A0;&#x003C;&#x00A0;0&#x00A0;)&#x00A0;{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_error(&#x00A0;"uint_init",
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"bad&#x00A0;format"&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;-1&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;}
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;0&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />}
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Print&#x00A0;function&#x00A0;for&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x00A0;output.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;int
&#x00A0;<br />uint_print(&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;obj&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;i&#x00A0;=
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;)&#x00A0;obj;
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;printf(&#x00A0;"%d\n",&#x00A0;(int)&#x00A0;&#x22C6;i&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;0&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />}
</div>
<!--l. 536--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 538--><p class="indent" >  Now we can define the type itself. We make two of
these &#8212; one for unsigned int used as input, and one for
output.
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-98">
  /&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Name&#x00A0;our&#x00A0;type.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;TYPE_UINT&#x00A0;"uint"
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Input&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;type.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_type_desc&#x00A0;input_uint&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TYPE_UINT,&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Its&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sizeof(&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;),/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Memory&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_ARG,&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Needs&#x00A0;arg&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;uint_init,&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Init&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;NULL&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Destroy&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />};
 &#x00A0;<br />
 &#x00A0;<br />/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Output&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;type.
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;im_type_desc&#x00A0;output_uint&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TYPE_UINT,&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;It's&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sizeof(&#x00A0;unsigned&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;),/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Memory&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;IM_TYPE_OUTPUT,&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;It's&#x00A0;output&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;NULL,&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Init&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;NULL&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Destroy&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
 &#x00A0;<br />}; 
</div>
<!--l. 565--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 567--><p class="indent" >  Finally, we can define two macros to make structures of
type <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_arg_desc</span></span></span> for us.
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-99">
#define&#x00A0;INPUT_UINT(&#x00A0;S&#x00A0;)&#x00A0;\
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;{&#x00A0;S,&#x00A0;&amp;input_uint,&#x00A0;NULL&#x00A0;}
&#x00A0;<br />#define&#x00A0;OUTPUT_UINT(&#x00A0;S&#x00A0;)&#x00A0;\
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;{&#x00A0;S,&#x00A0;&amp;output_uint,&#x00A0;uint_print&#x00A0;}
</div>
<!--l. 575--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 577--><p class="indent" >  For more examples, see the definitions for the built-in
VIPS types.
<!--l. 579--><p class="noindent" >
  <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.4    </span> <a 
 id="x15-630002.3.4"></a>Using function dispatch in your application</h4>
<!--l. 581--><p class="noindent" >VIPS provides a set of functions for adding new image
processing functions to the VIPS function database, finding
functions by name, and calling functions. See the manual
pages for full details.
<!--l. 585--><p class="noindent" >
  <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><a 
 id="x15-640002.3.4"></a>Adding and removing functions</h5>
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-100">
  im_package&#x00A0;&#x22C6;im_load_plugin(
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;const&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;name&#x00A0;); 
</div>
<!--l. 590--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 592--><p class="indent" >  This function opens the named file, searches it for a
symbol named <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">package_table</span></span></span>, and adds any functions
it finds to the VIPS function database. When you search
for a function, any plug-ins are searched first, so you
can override standard VIPS function with your own
code.
<!--l. 597--><p class="indent" >    The function returns a pointer to the package it added, or
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span> on error.
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-101">
int&#x00A0;im_close_plugins(&#x00A0;void&#x00A0;)
</div>
<!--l. 602--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 604--><p class="indent" >  This function closes all plug-ins, removing then from the
VIPS function database. It returns non-zero on error.
<!--l. 607--><p class="noindent" >
  <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><a 
 id="x15-650002.3.4"></a>Searching the function database</h5>
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-102">
  void&#x00A0;&#x22C6;im_map_packages(
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_list_map_fn&#x00A0;fn,&#x00A0;void&#x00A0;&#x22C6;a&#x00A0;) 
</div>
<!--l. 612--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 614--><p class="indent" >  This function applies the argument function <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">fn</span></span></span> to
every package in the database, starting with the most
recently added package. As with <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_list_map()</span></span></span>, the
argument function should return <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span> to continue
searching, or non-<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span> to terminate the search early.
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_map_packages()</span></span></span> returns <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span> if <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">fn</span></span></span> returned
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">NULL</span></span></span> for all arguments. The extra argument <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">a</span></span></span> is carried
around by VIPS for your use.
<!--l. 622--><p class="indent" >    For example, this fragment of code prints the names of all
loaded packages to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">fd</span></span></span>:
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-103">
static&#x00A0;void&#x00A0;&#x22C6;
&#x00A0;<br />print_package_name(&#x00A0;im_package&#x00A0;&#x22C6;pack,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;FILE&#x00A0;&#x22C6;fp&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(void)&#x00A0;fprintf(&#x00A0;fp,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"package:&#x00A0;\"%s\"\n",
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;pack-&#x003E;name&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;/&#x22C6;&#x00A0;Continue&#x00A0;search.
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x22C6;/
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;return(&#x00A0;NULL&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />}
&#x00A0;<br />
&#x00A0;<br />static&#x00A0;void
&#x00A0;<br />print_packages(&#x00A0;FILE&#x00A0;&#x22C6;fp&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />{
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(void)&#x00A0;im_map_packages(
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;(im_list_map_fn)
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;print_package_name,&#x00A0;fp&#x00A0;);
&#x00A0;<br />}
</div>
<!--l. 646--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 648--><p class="indent" >  VIPS defines three convenience functions based on
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_map_packages()</span></span></span> which simplify searching for
specific functions:
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-104">
  im_function&#x00A0;&#x22C6;
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_find_function(&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;name&#x00A0;)
 &#x00A0;<br />im_package&#x00A0;&#x22C6;
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_find_package(&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;name&#x00A0;)
 &#x00A0;<br />im_package&#x00A0;&#x22C6;
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_package_of_function(&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;name&#x00A0;) 
</div>
<!--l. 658--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 660--><p class="noindent" >
  <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><a 
 id="x15-660002.3.4"></a>Building argument structures and running commands</h5>
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-105">
int&#x00A0;im_free_vargv(&#x00A0;im_function&#x00A0;&#x22C6;fn,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;&#x22C6;vargv&#x00A0;)
&#x00A0;<br />int&#x00A0;im_allocate_vargv(
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_function&#x00A0;&#x22C6;fn,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;im_object&#x00A0;&#x22C6;vargv&#x00A0;)
</div>
<!--l. 668--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 670--><p class="indent" >  These two functions allocate space for and free VIPS
argument lists. The allocate function simply calls
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_malloc()</span></span></span> to allocate any store that the types require
(and also initializes it to zero). The free function just calls
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">im_free()</span></span></span> for any storage that was allocated.
<!--l. 675--><p class="indent" >  Note that neither of these functions calls the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">init</span></span></span>,
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">dest</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="pcrr7t-">print</span></span></span> functions for the types &#8212; that&#8217;s up to
you.
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-106">
  int&#x00A0;im_run_command(&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;name,
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;int&#x00A0;argc,&#x00A0;char&#x00A0;&#x22C6;&#x22C6;argv&#x00A0;) 
</div>
<!--l. 681--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 683--><p class="indent" >  This function does everything. In effect,
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-107">
im_run_command(&#x00A0;"im_invert",&#x00A0;2,
&#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;{&#x00A0;"fred.v",&#x00A0;"fred2.v",&#x00A0;NULL&#x00A0;}&#x00A0;)
</div>
<!--l. 688--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 690--><p class="indent" >  is exactly equivalent to
                                                 <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-108">
  system(&#x00A0;"vips&#x00A0;im_invert&#x00A0;fred.v&#x00A0;"
 &#x00A0;<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;"fred2.v"&#x00A0;) 
</div>
<!--l. 695--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 697--><p class="indent" >  but no process is forked.
                                                                                       

                                                                                       
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