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<h2 class="title"><a name="soap.debug"></a>12.4. <span class="acronym">SOAP</span> 网络服务查错
</h2>
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<div></div>
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<div class="abstract">
<p> <span class="acronym">SOAP</span> 提供了一个很方便的方法用以查看背后的情形。
</p>
</div>
<p><tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 的两个小设置就可以打开查错模式。
</p>
<div class="example"><a name="d0e30589"></a><h3 class="title">例 12.7. <span class="acronym">SOAP</span> 网络服务查错
</h3><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput"><span class='pykeyword'>from</span> SOAPpy <span class='pykeyword'>import</span> SOAPProxy</span>
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">url = <span class='pystring'>'http://services.xmethods.net:80/soap/servlet/rpcrouter'</span></span>
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">n = <span class='pystring'>'urn:xmethods-Temperature'</span></span>
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">server = SOAPProxy(url, namespace=n)</span> <a name="soap.debug.1.1"></a><img src="../images/callouts/1.png" alt="1" border="0" width="12" height="12">
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">server.config.dumpSOAPOut = 1</span> <a name="soap.debug.1.2"></a><img src="../images/callouts/2.png" alt="2" border="0" width="12" height="12">
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">server.config.dumpSOAPIn = 1</span>
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">temperature = server.getTemp(<span class='pystring'>'27502'</span>)</span> <a name="soap.debug.1.3"></a><img src="../images/callouts/3.png" alt="3" border="0" width="12" height="12">
<span class="computeroutput">*** Outgoing SOAP ******************************************************
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<ns1:getTemp xmlns:ns1="urn:xmethods-Temperature" SOAP-ENC:root="1">
<v1 xsi:type="xsd:string">27502</v1>
</ns1:getTemp>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
************************************************************************
*** Incoming SOAP ******************************************************
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<ns1:getTempResponse xmlns:ns1="urn:xmethods-Temperature"
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<return xsi:type="xsd:float">80.0</return>
</ns1:getTempResponse>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
************************************************************************
</span>
<tt class="prompt">>>> </tt><span class="userinput">temperature</span>
<span class="computeroutput">80.0</span>
</pre><div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.1.1"><img src="../images/callouts/1.png" alt="1" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">首先，和平常一样，建立带有服务 <span class="acronym">URL</span> 和命名空间的 <tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt>。
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.1.2"><img src="../images/callouts/2.png" alt="2" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">然后，通过设置 <tt class="varname">server.config.dumpSOAPIn</tt> 和 <tt class="varname">server.config.dumpSOAPOut</tt> 打开查错模式。
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.1.3"><img src="../images/callouts/3.png" alt="3" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">最后，和平常一样，调用远程 <span class="acronym">SOAP</span> 方法。<span class="acronym">SOAP</span> 库将会输出送出的 XML 请求文档和收到的 XML 返回文档。这是 <tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 为你做的所有工作。有点恐怖，不是吗？让我们来分析一下。
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<p>大部分 XML 请求文档都基于模板文件。忽略所有命名空间声明这些对于所有 <span class="acronym">SOAP</span> 调用都一成不变的东西。这个 “<span class="quote">函数调用</span>” 的核心是<tt class="sgmltag-element"><Body></tt> 当中的部分：
</p>
<div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
<ns1:getTemp <a name="soap.debug.2.1"></a><img src="../images/callouts/1.png" alt="1" border="0" width="12" height="12">
xmlns:ns1=<span class='pystring'>"urn:xmethods-Temperature"</span> <a name="soap.debug.2.2"></a><img src="../images/callouts/2.png" alt="2" border="0" width="12" height="12">
SOAP-ENC:root=<span class='pystring'>"1"</span>>
<v1 xsi:type=<span class='pystring'>"xsd:string"</span>>27502</v1> <a name="soap.debug.2.3"></a><img src="../images/callouts/3.png" alt="3" border="0" width="12" height="12">
</ns1:getTemp>
</pre><div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.2.1"><img src="../images/callouts/1.png" alt="1" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">这个元素名 <tt class="function">getTemp</tt> 就是函数名。<tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 使用 <a href="../scripts_and_streams/handlers_by_node_type.html" title="10.5. 根据节点类型创建不同的处理器"><tt class="function">getattr</tt> 作为分发器</a>。有别于使用方法名分别调用本地方法，这里使用方法名构造了一个 XML 请求文档。
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.2.2"><img src="../images/callouts/2.png" alt="2" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">函数的 XML 元素被存储于一个特别的命名空间，这个命名空间就是你在建立 <tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 对象时所指定的那个命名空间。也不必为 <tt class="literal">SOAP-ENC:root</tt> 而苦恼，因为它也是基于模板文件的。
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.2.3"><img src="../images/callouts/3.png" alt="3" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">函数的参数也被记入 XML 文档。<tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 查看并确定每个参数的数据类型 (这里是 string 字符串类型)。参数的数据类型记入 <tt class="literal">xsi:type</tt> 属性，并在其后记入实际的字符串值。
</td>
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</table>
</div>
</div>
<p>返回的 XML 文档同样容易理解，重点在于知道应该忽略掉哪些内容。把注意力集中在 <tt class="sgmltag-element"><Body></tt> 部分：
</p>
<div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
<ns1:getTempResponse <a name="soap.debug.3.1"></a><img src="../images/callouts/1.png" alt="1" border="0" width="12" height="12">
xmlns:ns1=<span class='pystring'>"urn:xmethods-Temperature"</span> <a name="soap.debug.3.2"></a><img src="../images/callouts/2.png" alt="2" border="0" width="12" height="12">
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle=<span class='pystring'>"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"</span>>
<<span class='pykeyword'>return</span> xsi:type=<span class='pystring'>"xsd:float"</span>>80.0</<span class='pykeyword'>return</span>> <a name="soap.debug.3.3"></a><img src="../images/callouts/3.png" alt="3" border="0" width="12" height="12">
</ns1:getTempResponse>
</pre><div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.3.1"><img src="../images/callouts/1.png" alt="1" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">服务器传回的值记录在 <tt class="sgmltag-element"><getTempResponse></tt> 部分的几行中。通常包括函数名和回应 <tt class="literal"> (Response)</tt>。当然其他的内容也可能出现在这里，但 <tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 所重视的不是这里的元素名，而是命名空间。
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.3.2"><img src="../images/callouts/2.png" alt="2" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">服务器返回时所使用的命名空间就是在请求时所用的命名空间，也就是在创建 <tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 对象时所指定的命名空间。本章稍后的部分中，我们将看到在创建 <tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 对象时忘记指定功能名空间会怎样。
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12" valign="top" align="left"><a href="#soap.debug.3.3"><img src="../images/callouts/3.png" alt="3" border="0" width="12" height="12"></a>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">这是返回值和它的数据类型 (浮点类型 float)。<tt class="classname">SOAPProxy</tt> 使用显式数据类型创建一个本地数据类型的 <span class="application">Python</span> 对象并返回之。
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